Nghiên cứu ứng dụng vi điều khiển để thu phát cao tần : Đề tài NCKH. QT.08.08

DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA N Q I TRU'(^NG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TlT NHIEN *+* De tdi NGHIEN ClTU ITNG DUNG VI DIEU KHIEN DE THU PHAT CAO TAN Ma so: QT-08-08 Chii tri de tai: ThS Dang Thj Thanh Thuy Can bp tham gia: ThS Do Trung Kien NCV Le Quang Thao GV Pham Van Thanh DAI H O C Q\y'^( VVl-llA Ha noi- 2008 Bao cao torn tat (tieng Viet) Ten de tai: Nghien ciiu iing dung vi dieu khien de thu phat cao tan Ma s6 : QT-08-08 Chu tri de tai: ThS Dang Thi Thanh Thuy Cac can bp tham gia: ThS Do Trung Kien NCV Le Quang Thao GV Pham Van Thanh Muc ti€u va noi dung nghien cuu: Ung dung vi dieu khien vao he thu phat tin hieu b bang song cao tan va sieu cao tan Cac ket qua dat dugc: - Da xay dung dugc mot he thu-phat cao tan sir dung mach vong bam pha, cu ly thu phat phong thi nghiem va da khao sat cac tinh nang CLia he - Da xay dung dugc phan mem dieu khien dugc he thu phat dua tren ngon ngu lap trinh C - Cac ket qua thu dugc da dugc cong bo 01 bao cao khoa hpc: ''Application Of Frequency Composition And Microprocessor To Broadcast In Microwave Region'\ Dang Thanh Thuy, Pham Van Thanh, Do Trung Kien, Bach Gia Duong, VNU Journal of Science, MathermaticsPhysics 2008(dang in) - Da h6 trg dao tao 02 cir nhan nganh Vat ly V6 tuyen (Chu Tuan Linh, Nguyin Thu Ha, 2008) - Da h6 trg bien soan 01 sach giao trinh (Tuyen tap cac bai tap Vat ly dai cuang I) - Da h6 trg hoan thien 01 chuyen d6 tien sy (Dang Thi Thanh Thiiy, chuyen de Phdn tich phovd to hgp tin hieu) Tinh hinh kinh phi de tai: Chi phi het kinh phi tam iing ciia de tai: - Thue khoan chuyen mon: - Dien nuac va ca sa vat chat: - Quan ly phi: - Hoi nghi, seminar, chi phi' khac: 20.000.000 VND 12.000.000 VND 800.000 VND 800.000 VND 6.400.000 VND KHOA QUAN LY CHU TRI DE TAI PGS,TS, Nguyin The Binh ThS Ddng Thi Thanh Thuy XAC NHAN CUA TRI/ONG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TlT NHIEN PHO HIEU TRl'^NG Summary (by English) a Project, code High Frequency Transmitter/Receiver using Microcontroller technique Code: QT-08-08 b Main responsible person Ms Dang Thi Thanh Thuy, Faculty of Physics Hanoi University of Science (HUS), Hanoi National University c Incorporated members Do Trung Kien Le Quang Thao Pham Van Thanh d Purposes and contents Application of frequency composition and microprocessor to broadcast in high frequency region e Results -Sum up theory technique of creating the stable high frequency by using a microprocessor-driven Phase-Lock-Loop's frequency composition -Design and fabrication the high Frequency Transmitter/Receiver using Microcontroller technique - Testing the system high Frequency Transmitter/Receiver using Microcontroller technique MUC LUC Lai ma dau 04 Chuong Vong bam pha 05 1.1 Giai thieu vong bam pha 05 1.2 Cac thong so dac trung ciia mot he thong PLL 05 1.3 Cac phan tu ca ban ciia vong khoa pha 07 Chuong Phuong phap to hgp tan so bang mach vong bam pha 08 2.1 Gioi thieu chung ve phuong phap to hgp tan 08 2.2 Phuong phap to hgp tan so su dung bp chiaN , R 08 2.3 Kh6i IC chiic nang 10 Chuong VidiSukhik PIC 16F877A 12 3.1 Cac thong so ciia vi dieu khien PIC 16F877A 12 3.2 So d6kh6i ciia vi dieu khien PIC 16F877A 13 3.3 To chiic bp nho 14 3.4 Cac c6ngxuat-nhap ciia PIC 16F877A 15 3.5 Timer 17 3.6 Timer 19 Chuong Xay dung he thong va khao sat thuc nghiem 20 4.1 Ung dung vi dieu khien de phat song sieu cao tan 20 4.2 Ung dung vi dieu khien he thong thu phat tin hieu ma dieu khien 22 Ket luan 26 Tai lieu tham khao 27 Phu luc 28 Scientific Project Phieu dang ky ket qua nghien ciiu KH-CN Lcri mo' dau Trong thoi dai phat trien ciia khoa hpc ky thuat nay, van de dieu khien thiet bi bang song v6 tuyen dugc quan tam nghien ciiu va iing dung mot each rgng rai Trong bao cao chiing toi de cap den mot iing dung thu phat cao tan sir dung vi dieu khien Viec su dung vi dieu khien thay the dieu khien bang may tinh se tao nen su thuan tien cho cong tac, he thong nho ggn Van de nghien ciiu dugc trinh bay dua mot phan kha nang iing dung ciia vi dieu khien thu phat song cao tan, sieu cao tan va phat ma dieu khien CHU^ONG VONG BAM PHA l.l.Gioi thieu ve vong bam pha He thong tu dieu chinh tan so theo pha hay gpi la vong bam pha dugc sii dung rong rai viec xii ly tin hieu tuong tu va cac he thong so Mot so iing dung quan trpng ciia vong bam pha la :dieu che va giai dieu che FM, giai dieu che FSK, giai ma am, nhan tan, dong bp hoa xung dong ho, to hgp tan so , may phat dieu tan Mach vong bam pha co chiic nang chinh : - On dinh tan so ciia dao dong noi theo tan so ciia mot may phat khac cho truoc - Tao tan so ciia dao dong noi nhu mot mach chpn don gian ma khong can thiet phai kiem tra lai hoac dieu chinh mach cong huong Muc dich ciia de tai la phat song cao tan sii dung mach vong bam pha dieu de to hgp tan so dugc dieu khien bang vi dieu khien PIC 16F877A 1.2.Cac thong so dac tru*ng cua mot he thong PLL Hinh 1.1 Dgc trung tdn so - dien the o Dai bat (Capture range): la dai tan so Ian can gia tri tan so dao dong tu ban dau fo ma he PLL co the bat chap voi tin hieu loi vao No phu thuoc vao bp lpc, thuc te neu fo - fi cao hon tan so cat cua bp Ipc thi tin hieu ve = 0, he thong PLL khong lam viec va bp VCO se giu o tan s6 trung tam fo o Dai bam hay dai khoa (Lock range): la dai tan so Ian can gia tri tan s6 dao dong tu ban dau fo ma sau qua trinh bat chap tin hieu tir bp dao dong van giii dong bp voi tin hieu l6i vao Dai bam Ion hon Dai bat, no phu thuoc vao khoang bien thien ciia bp so pha va dai t§n hoat dong cua bp VCO Khi mot qua trinh bat chap (locking) xay thi thi 16i cua bp so pha dugc tri do tan so cat ciia bp lpc khong anh huong den hoat dong ciia he thong Dac trims tdn so - dien the (Frequency - Voltase) ciia he PLL Xet truong hgp fi tang, qua trinh b^t chap se xay f\ dat toi gia tri f2 fj tilp tuc tang thi the dieu khiln Vc ciing tiep tuc tang Khi Vc = thi fj = fo Qua trinh bam pha (giu chap) dugc giO cho d8n fj dat den gia tri U- Xet qua trinh tan so fj bay gio giam xuong, qua trinh dugc mo ta boi phan hinh duoi Khi fj giam den f3 thi he PLL xay qua trinh bat chap Va qua trinh bam pha se dugc giii den fj = fi • Dp lech tan so (Frequency excursion): la khoang tSn so bien thien cua VCO • Dp tuyen tinh (Linearity): la khoang tan so (col - o)2) phu thuoc tuyen tinh vao Vc Cdu tao Gom bp phan chinh : bp so sanh pha, bp lpc tan so thap (low pass filter) va bp dao dong co tan so dieu khien bang dien ap VCO (voltage controlled Oscillator ) Tin hl&u yio V,(0 f; B^ so sAnh phB ' (Phase compftrator) V,(t) Vfl(f|, Tfn hieu so sinh nh U VCO &OlQct£nstfthtfp (Low-Pass * Filter) Vid) D i ^ ip dUu khjen VCO Hinh 1.2 - Sa khoi ciia vong bam pha PLL Ba khoi tao mot vong phan hoi ve tan so khep kin ( close loop frequency feedback) Khi khong co tin hieu vao PLL, sir chenh lech dien ap Ve(t) o loi ciia bp so sanh pha bang khong Dien ap Vd(t) a loi cua bp lpc tan thap ciing bang May phat xung tan so dieu khien bang dien ap VCO hoat dong a tan so dinh san fo gpi la tSn so trung tam Khi co tin hieu dua vao he thong thong PLL, bp so pha se so pha va tan so ciia tin hieu I6i vao voi pha va tan so ciia VCO, tiic la phan anh su khac ve pha va tan so ciia hai tin hieu Dien ap dugc lpc roi dua vao loi vao dieu khien cua VCO Dien the dieu khien Vd(t) thiic day tan so cua VCO thay doi theo huong ngugc giam bot su khac ve tan so giua fo va tin hieu loi vao Khi tan so ciia tin hieu vao fg tien dan den fo tinh chat hoi tiep ciia PLL se thiic day VCO dong bg hoac bat chap voi tin hieu loi vao Sau chap, tan so ciia VCO se bang tan so cua tin hieu loi vao, nhien se van co mot dp lech nao do.Sir khac biet ve pha la can thiet vi no se tao dien ap sai Ve(t) de chuyen tan so dao dong tu ciia VCO tan so cua tin hieu vao fs, nhu vay se giu cho PLL o trang thai gilj chap tan so Tuy nhien, khong phai tin hieu nao vao VCO ciing bat chap dugc tan so ma chi co tan so mot dai huu han nao gan vai fo thi VCO moi CO the bat chap Dai tan so tren he tri tinh trang bat chap voi tin hieu loi vao gpi la dai giii chap hay dai bam cua he thong PLL Ta CO the dung mot each khac de mieu ta hoat dong ciia PLL: bp so sanh pha thuc chat la mach nhan, no trpn tin hieu vao voi tin hieu VCO Sir trpn tao tan so tong va tan so hieu fs± fo- Khi mach a trang thai chap thi tin hieu tan so fg-fo =0 , do no tao phan mot chieu Bp lpc tan so thap loai bo phan tong fs+fo nhung tiep nhan phan dien ap mot chieu di qua Thanh phan mot chieu dieu khien VCO hoat dong o trang thai giij chap vai tin hieu vao Can chii y rang giai giir chap doc lap voi dai tan so cua bp lpc thong thap, vi rang mach a trang thai giu chap phan tin hieu tan so bao gia ciing la dong mot chieu 1.3.Cac phan tu* co* ban cua vong khoa pha 1.3.1 Bo so pha BO so pha(Phase comparator): Hinh 1.3 Bo So pha Co hai loi vao va mot loi , th6 ti le thuan voi sir sai khac pha ciia hai tin hieu vao Bo so pha co thi thuc hien voi tin hieu tuong tir (Analog) ciing nhu tin hieu so ( Digital) I.3.2.B0 loc tan thap (Low pass filter ) -^ Xac dinh dai ma qua trinh khoa co the thuc hien -^ Thiet lap cac dac trung ciia he thong , lpc tin hieu nhieu v^ Thuc hien qua trinh giii chap he ton tai qua trinh giu chap nhieu v^ Xac dinh dai dap iing tan so ciia he iing voi su thay doi cua tan so vao Bp lpc dugc dung co the la bp lpc thu dong (Passive ) hoac bp lpc chii dong (Active) Bp lpc chii dong dugc sii dung nhieu hon boi vi chiing c6 cac thong so dac trung tot hon va mach dien cung don gian hon I.3.2.B0 dao dong co tan so dtftfc dieu khien bang dien ap VCO : La mot bg dao dong co tan so dugc dieu khien bang dien ap dau vao.Yeu cau chung doi voi cac bg tao dao dong co tan so dieu khien dugc la quan he giiia dien ap dieu khien va tan so day xung phat phai tuyen tinh Ngoai mach phai c6 dp on dinh cao, dai bien doi ciia tan so theo dien ap vao rong, don gian, dl dieu chinh va thuan Igi doi voi viec to hgp vi mach Ve nguyen tac, co the dung mpi mach tao dao dong ma tan so ciia no bien thien pham vi ± 10% den ± 50 % xung quanh tan so dao dong tu KET LUAN He thong thu phat cao tan iing dung vi dieu khiln buoc dau dugc nhom nghien cuu thuc hien phong thi nghiem, nhung nhiing nghien cuu cho thay kha nang iing dung to Ion ciia vi dieu khien Trong bao cao chi dimg lai o kha nang iing dung he phat song o bang tan L va iing dung tao ma dieu khien, he thong c6 mot so uu diem sau: He thu phat nho gpn, sii dung cong nghe mach in va cac linh kien dan hien dai Co the thay doi tan so phat cung nhu ma dieu khien nho thay doi phan mem nap cho vi dieu khien vay c6 the linh hoat thay doi tan so mot pham vi cho phep Dac biet he thong dieu khien thiet hi, vi dieu khien o khoi phat va thu CO sir thong nhat chat che ve chuong trinh phan mem do cho phep he thong CO tinh bao mat cao, do co the khai thac uu diem ITnh vuc quan su va nhung ITnh vuc can co su dam bao an toan thong tin Do thoi gian ciing nhu kinh phi co han nen nhiing nghien ciiu chi dimg o miic hinh mot he thong thu phat, chua tinh den cong suat phat, cu ly dieu khien moi chi gioi han pham vi phong thi nghiem, tin hieu dilu khiln don gian Tuy nhien nhung nghien cuu tren ciing gop phan dat nin mong cho nhirng nghien ciiu c6 y nghTa iing dung sau 27 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] David M Pozar, "Microwave Engineering", Second Edition, John Wiley &Sons,Inc.,1998 [2] Reinmut K Hofmarm, "Handbook of Microwave intergated circuhs", Artech House, Inc 1987 [3] International standards and recommended practices, "Aeronautical Telecomunications", International civil Aviation Oganization [4] E.H.Fooks, R.A.Zakaseviciu" Microwave engineering using microstrip circuit" 1990 by Prentice Hall of Australia Pty Ltd [5] http://vyww.cvpress.com [6] Kieu Khac Lau, "Ky thuat sieu cao tan", Nha xuat ban giao due, 2006 [7] Pham Minh Viet, "Ky thuat sieu cao tan", nha xuat ban khoa hpc ky thuat Ha noi 2002 [8] PIC16F877A datasheet-Microchip technology incorporated 28 PHU LUC Cac truong chinh viet cho VDK: Program written in C-language a)ADF4113 File "ADF4113.h" #define Stanby RB7 #define SCL RDl #define SDO RD2 #define LE RD3 const unsigned long int F_PRO=0b010000110000000000000; //Quay cua ghi F=ObOOOOOOOO0O0O0101O0O010 voi F6=l // doi voi VCO thuan,Pin set =1 unsigned char ii; const unsigned long int R_LMX_PRO=0b0000000000001111101000000; //gia tri 2000 const unsigned long int N_LMX_PRO=0b000001100011iaQ111000001; //gia tri 102000 void ADF4113(void){ Stanby=l; TRISB=0; // Day du lieu cho ghi R LE=0 ;CLRWDT0 ;NOP() ;NOP() ; for (ii=21 ;ii>=l;ii ){ CLRWDT(); SCL=0; SDO=(R_LMX_PRO»{ii-l) ) &Obl; NOP(); NOP(); NOP(); NOP(); SCL=1; NOP(); NOP(); NOP(); NOP() ; NOP(); } LE=1; N O P O ; N O P O ; N O P O ; NOP () ; //Day du lieu cho ghi N LE=0 ; for (ii=21 ;ii>=l ;ii ) { CLRWDT(); SCL=0; SDO=(N_LMX_PRO»{ii-l) ) &0bl; NOP () ; N O P O ; NOPO ; NOPO ; SCL=1; NOP(); NOP(); NOP(); NOP(); NOP(); } LE=1 ; NOP{); NOP(); NOP(); NOP(); LE=0 ;//Thanh ghi F for((ii=0 ;ii