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1 INTRODUCTION Rationale for the study Industrial zones were formed and developed in the late 19 th century in some developed capitalist countries and became popular in developing countries in the 50s of the 20th century In Vietnam, the formation and development of industrial zones associated with the socialist industrialization process In the process of comprehensive national renewal, the development of industrial zones is identified as a strategic direction in the industrialization and modernization cause, in order to realize the goal of early transforming Vietnam into a modern-oriented industrial country The reality of more than 30 years of national renewal shows that the industrial zones has been proving its role as an important driving force for the development of the industry and the Vietnamese economy on the development and integration path Implementing the policies of the Party, Party committees and people of provinces and cities nationwide has promoted their potentials and advantages, contributing to boosting the economy of the country in general, localities in particular to develop rapidly, effectively and sustainably Hai Duong province is located in the centre of the Northern Delta, in the northern key economic region During the reforming years, under the leadership of the Party Committee of the province, industrial zones of Hai Duong developed rapidly in terms of quantity, scale and socioeconomic efficiency After nearly 20 years of implementation, from one industrial zone built in 2001, to 2018, Hai Duong has developed 18 industrial zones with the planned area of 4,748.67 hectares Industrial zones of Hai Duong province have promoted economic growth and restructuring in a positive direction, contributing to job creation and income for workers, attracting capital, technology and management experience of many countries in the world Simultaneously, the development of industrial zones has created conditions for the creation of urban areas, improving people’s quality of life However, industrial zones development in Hai Duong province remains several limitations, especially in terms of efficiency and sustainability The tasks of planning, attracting investment, training human resources, and building infrastructure reveal a number of shortcomings The work of environmental protection, ensuring sustainable development in some industrial zones has not been given adequate attention, leading to environmental pollution, causing frustration among the people The production and business efficiency of some projects in industrial zones remain low The social, order and security issues in industrial zones still show complicated signs Those shortcomings have caused negative impacts and considered as the obstacles to the sustainable development of Hai Duong province In the context of the world and regional rapid and complicated changes, the fourth industrial revolution has a comprehensive impact on the country's socio-economy and at the same time created new advantages as well as difficulties for industrial development in general and industrial zones in particular That poses an objective requirement for the theoretical research and practical summary of the process of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province leading the industrial zones development in the period of renovation and international integration; it is vital to assess the achievements and limitations, indicate the causes and draw experience for application Stemming from the importance of this issue, in recent years there have been several in-depth research on industrial zones and industrial zones development under different levels and scopes Yet, from a scientific perspective, the history of the Communist Party of Vietnam has had no in-depth, independent and systematic research on the subject entitled: “The leadership of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province in development of the industrial zones from 2005 to 2015” The success of the thesis contributes to summarizing the process of realizing the Party's policy of developing industrial zones in a locality, thereby providing more scientific arguments to supplement and complete the policy of promoting industrialization and modernization in general, and development of industrial zones in particular With that in mind, the thesis’s author decides to choose the topic entitled "The leadership of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province in development of the industrial zones from 2005 to 2015" as his doctoral thesis, specialized in History of the Communist Party of Vietnam Aims and objectives of the study Aims Clarifying the process of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province leading the industrial zones development from 2005 to 2015 and summarizing the previous experience to apply in the coming time Objectives Giving an overview of the thesis-related research situation Clarifying the factors affecting the leadership of Hai Duong Provincial Party Committee to develop industrial zones in the years 2005-2015 Analysing and interpreting the guidelines and direction of Hai Duong Provincial Party Committee for developing industrial zones from 2005 to 2015 Giving comments on the advantages and limitations, stating the causes and summarizing the experience in the process of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province leading the development of the industrial zones (2005 - 2015) Object and scope of the study Object The leadership activities of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province for development of industrial zones Scope In terms of content: industrial zones development policy of Hai Duong Provincial Party Committee and the direction of Hai Duong Provincial Party Committee to develop industrial zones, focusing on five basic issues: (1) Regulation infrastructure planning and construction; (2) Human resource development; (3) Administrative procedure reform, investment attraction; (4) State management work; (5) Combination of industrial zones development with environmental protection and security consolidation In terms of time: The timeline is from 2005 to 2015, corresponding to the two terms 2005 - 2010 and 2010 - 2015 of the Party Congress of Hai Duong province In order to ensure the systematization of the research issue, the thesis introduced some relevant contents before 2005 and after 2015 In terms of space: Hai Duong province Theoretical and practical basis, and methodology Theoretical basis The thesis is conducted basing on the theoretical basis of Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's thought and the Party's views and lines on construction and economic development, including industrial economy and construction of industrial zones Practical basis The thesis is carried out on the practice of leading industrial zones development by the Party Committee of Hai Duong province and the practical results of developing industrial zones in Hai Duong province in the years 2005 2015 Simultaneously, it is based on the actual survey results of the PhD student and the research results of the thesis-related works published previously Methodology The thesis is conducted using historical and logical methods; besides, the thesis also makes use of different methods of comparison, statistics, analysis and synthesis to fulfil its aims and objectives New contributions of the study Systematizing the resources for research on industrial zones in Vietnam in general and Hai Duong province in particular Restoring systematically the guidelines and direction of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province to develop the industrial zones from 2005 to 2015 Giving comments, evaluating the results, summarizing the experience of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province leading the development of the industrial zones from 2005 to 2015 Theoretical and practical significance of the study The thesis contributes to summarizing the process of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province leading industrial zones development in the period of renovation and international integration It helps to affirm the decisive role of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province for the socioeconomic development in general and industrial zones in particular The thesis contributes further arguments and experiences for the Party Committee of Hai Duong province to promote the development of the industrial zones in the coming time The thesis can be used as references for researching and teaching the history of the local party committee as well as the history of the Communist Party of Vietnam at schools and research institutions inside and outside the Army Structure of the study The thesis includes: Introduction, chapters (10 periods), conclusion, and a list of the author's published works related to the topic, a list of references and appendices Chapter An OVERVIEW OF THE THESIS-RELATED RESEARCH SITUATION 1.1 The thesis-related research situation 1.1.1 The studies overseas on industrial zones Typically: Cluster and the new Economics of Competition by Michael Porter (1998); Location, Competition and Economic Development: Local Clusters in a Global Economy by Michael Porter (2000Chinese Science and Technology Industrial Parks by Susan M Walcott (2003); How did immigrant workers change residential area near industrial estate in Korea by Park, Jonh and Ahn, Kun-hyuck (2003); The application of industrial ecology principles and planning guidelines for the development of eco industrial parks: an Australian case study by B.H Roberts Elsevier (2004); Implementing industrial ecology? Planning for eco- industrial parks in the USA by D.C Gibbs and P Deutz (2005); Developing country experience with eco-industrial parks: a case study of the Tianjin EconomicTechnological Development Area in China” by Han Shi, Marian Chertow, Yuyan Song (2010); Economic zones in the Asean by UNIDO Country Office in Viet Nam (2015); and Experience in developing eco-industrial zones in Korea and lessons for Vietnam by Tran Duy Dong (2019) 1.1.2 The studies in the country on industrial zones 1.1.2.1 The studies in Vietnam on industrial zones Solutions to improve the efficiency of land use in industrial zones by Dang Hung (2006); Current situation of income, life and employment of people whose land is acquired for construction of industrial zones, urban areas, construction of socio-economic infrastructure, demand public and national interests by Le Du Phong (2006); Completing policy and state management model for industrial zone development by Le Hong Yen (2007); Some issues on the renewal of planning and development of industrial parks in association with environmental protection in our country by Nguyen Van Hung (2009); Solutions for the sustainable development of industrial zones in Vietnam by Vo Thanh Thu (2010); Some issues raised in the planning of industrial zones in Vietnam by Hoang Sy Dong (2011); State management on industrial park environment status and tasks to be implemented in the coming time by Vu Quoc Huy (2011); Assessment of the impact of the industrial park to socio-economic areas in the vicinity by Nguyen Van Minh (2011); Regional social impacts of industrial zones in Vietnam by Nguyen Binh Giang (2012); Sustainable development of industrial zones in Vietnam after 20 years of renewal by Nguyen Ngoc Son (2012); Improving the efficiency of foreign direct investment (FDI) in industrial zones and economic zones by Pham Thi Thuy (2013); Development of industrial zones in Vietnam: Current situation and solutions by Vu Thi Kim Oanh (2014); A number of solutions to improve the system of mechanisms and policies for industrial zones’ development in order to promote deep integration into the international economy by Central Economic Committee (2015) 1.1.2.2 The studies on industrial zones in regions and localities Typically: Summary of the process of building and developing industrial zones and attracting investment in Dong Nai province from 1991 to 2004 by Vo Van Mot (2004); Dong Nai Provincial Party Committee Leading Construction industrial zones in the renovation years from 1986 to 2005 by Nguyen Khac Thanh (2007); Some solutions to develop industrial zones in Thai Binh province in the condition of international economic integration by Tran Ngoc Diep (2009); Economic Sustainable Development of Industrial Zones in the Northern Key Economic Region: Current Situation and Policy Recommendations by Vu Thanh Huong (2009); Developing synchronous industrial zones in Hanoi by Nguyen Ngoc Dung (2010); by Do Duc Quan (2010); Some solutions for sustainable rural development in the Northern Delta region in the process of building and developing industrial zones by Do Duc Quan (2010); Industrial zones, economic zones of Hai Phong and active factors of development by Nguyen Cong Thanh (2010); Development status of industrial zones in Hung Yen province by Bui The Cu (2011); Analysis of factors affecting investment attraction of enterprises in industrial zones in Can Tho city by Bui Van Trinh, Nguyen Thi Ninh Thuan (2012); Solutions to support improving the quality of human resources in industrial zones in Bac Ninh province by Hoang Thi Thu Hai (2013); Proposed Study on Model of Sustainable Industrial Zones for Mekong Delta region based on local raw materials by Le Ngoc Hien, Do Thi Thu Huyen (2015); the State management of industrial zones in Hanoi city by Pham Kim Thu (2016); Cultural and spiritual life of female workers in Hoa Phu industrial zone, Vinh Long by Nguyen Thi Minh Trang (2016); The impacts of the industrial park on the countryside through practical research in Hung Yen province by Bui The Cu (2016) 1.1.2.3 The studies related to industrial development and industrial zones in Hai Duong province Developing technical infrastructure in the process of industrialization and modernization in Hai Duong province by Nguyen Van Phu (2008); Research, orient and propose solutions to develop key industrial products in Hai Duong province in the period of 2013 – 2020 by Department of Industry and Trade of Hai Duong province (2013); Assess the current situation and propose a number of solutions to improve operational efficiency of industrial zones and clusters in Hai Duong province by Vu Doan Quang (2014); Development of high-tech industries in the current Hai Duong province by Nguyen Xuan Doan (2015); Situation and solutions to improve the efficiency of solid waste management in industrial zones in Hai Duong province by Hai Duong Industrial Zones Authority (2017) 1.2 An overview of the results of the published works and the issues need further addressing in the thesis 1.2.1 An overview of the results of the published works related to the thesis In terms of documents: The research works on the industrial park are rich in various types of documents, including treatises, monographs, scientific topics at all levels, scientific articles and doctoral theses, etc In terms of approaches and research methods: The research works on the industrial park are approached under many different angles such as economics, politics, military, architecture … and use many research methods such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, history, logic, etc In terms of content: First, these studies mention locations, roles, conditions, and criteria for the establishment of industrial zones; affirming that the industrial park is an important factor for industrial development of all countries, including Vietnam Second, there are some works summarizing the process of building and developing industrial parks; assess strengths and limitations; draw experience, propose directions, tasks and solutions for the development of industrial parks in Vietnam Third, there are some studies mentioning the leadership of the Party in construction and development of industrial zones, but mainly approaching from the perspective of political science and economics to introduce documents and measures to implement the Party’s policy on the development of industrial zones in some regions and localities Fourth, there are some studies related to the leadership of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province clarifying the capabilities, construction process, learning experiences, proposing directions and solutions for industrial zone development in Hai Duong province 1.2.2 The issues need further addressing in the thesis First, the factors affecting the leadership of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province to develop industrial zones (2005 – 2015) Second, the policy and direction for the development of industrial zones of Hai Duong Provincial Party Committee (2005 – 2015) Third, the achievements and limitations in the leadership of industrial zone development of Hai Duong Provincial Party Committee (2005 – 2015) Fourth, the experience from the process of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province leading the industrial zone development (2005 – 2015) Conclusion chapter The studies on industrial zones are mentioned in several works with the diversity of content and the ways of approaching The results of the scientific works published previously are relatively comprehensive, dealing with several theoretical and practical issues on industrial zone development By giving an overview of these works, the thesis generalizes the results, identifies the content that can be inherited, developed, and simultaneously, it indicates the issues need further addressing; those are the "gaps" in science related to the thesis topic Therefore, the topic entitled "The leadership of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province industrial zones development from 2005 to 2015" is an independent topic, and it does not overlap with any scientific works published previously Chapter POLICIES AND DIRECTIONS OF THE PARTY COMMITTEE OF HAI DUONG PROVINCE ON DEVELOPING INDUSTRIAL ZONES (2005 - 2010) 2.1 The factors affecting the leadership of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province to develop industrial zones 2.1.1 The role of industrial zones in the socioeconomic development Industrial zones play an important role in the socio-economic development process Industrial zones effectively attract investment capital to develop production and business; they are seen as places to receive and transfer modern technology, advanced management methods, contribute to improving workers’ knowledge Simultaneously, industrial zones are important factors to promote the development of industrial production and the process of economic and labour restructuring Notably, industrial zones create jobs, income and improve the life of workers Moreover, industrial zones create a relatively synchronous infrastructure system, contributing to the modernization of the country's infrastructure system; they promote the development of production and life services and create favourable conditions for the task of protecting the environment 2.1.2 The natural and socio-economic conditions of Hai Duong province Hai Duong is a province in the Northern Delta, located in the economic triangle area of Hanoi - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh Natural features (geographical location, land, natural resources, etc.) and socioeconomic conditions (scale, speed of economic development, population, economic and technical infrastructure, cultural transmission system, etc.) often affect the leadership of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province to develop industrial zones This is considered as an important basis for the Party Committee of Hai Duong province to determine an appropriate policy of developing industrial zones Yet, Hai Duong is an agricultural province, with limited socio-economic development and scale, untrained labour, and scarcity of mineral resources causing certain difficulties for developing industrial zones 2.1.3 The current situation of developing industrial zones in Hai Duong province before 2005 By the end of 2004, Hai Duong province has formulated planning, built infrastructure and put 03 industrial zones into operation with a total area of 897 hectares Industrial zones in Hai Duong province are built with basic infrastructure, along with a system of preferential policies, initially creating a good environment for investment However, the development of industrial zones in Hai Duong province before 2005 revealed some certain limitations, the planning and construction of infrastructure inside and outside industrial zones was not synchronous Project scale and production and business efficiency in industrial zones are not commensurate with their potentials The above-mentioned facts require the Party Committee of Hai Duong province to thoroughly grasp and apply the guidelines and policies of the Party and the State, maximize the potentials and determine appropriate policies and directions for developing industrial zones 2.1.4 The world and domestic situation and the Party’s and the State’s policies for developing industrial zones (2005 - 2010) * The world and domestic situation In the first decade of the twenty-first century, the world situation changed rapidly, complicatedly and unpredictably The scientific and technological revolution developed significantly At the end of 2007, there was a financial crisis in the US, then quickly spreading to the world, causing a serious decline in the world economy In the years 2005-2010, there were many fluctuations in the domestic situation, directly affecting the development of industrial zones The great and historic achievements of 20 years of innovation created important prerequisites for the development of the country with higher goals On November 7, 2006, Vietnam joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), which serves as a good opportunity for development of the country Besides the favourable opportunities, in the years 2005-2010, Vietnam faced many difficulties due to the impacts of the global economic crisis * The Party’s and State’s guidelines and policies for developing industrial zones The viewpoint: First, build and develop industrial zones as the core and key factor in industrial development Second, build and develop industrial zones in accordance with the development orientation, territorial distribution, in accordance with the planning and the socio-economic development Third, harmonize social, environmental, defence and security issues to ensure rapid and sustainable growth of industrial zones The orientations and objectives: First, step by step complete the planning and construction of industrial zones infrastructure synchronously and in the direction of modernization Second, to renew mechanisms and policies, sharply increase in quantity along with improving the quality and efficiency of production and business of industrial zones Third, improve the quality of investment projects in industrial zones Fourth, strengthen the environmental protection in industrial zones The tasks and solutions: First, improve the quality of the planning and construction of infrastructure of industrial zones Second, improve the quality of promotion and investment attraction in industrial zones Third, enhance the effectiveness of state management on industrial zones Fourth, implement the task of environmental protection, security and order in industrial zones 2.2 The Party Committee of Hai Duong province’s policies on developing industrial zones 2.2.1 The viewpoints First, develop industrial zones of different sizes and levels, and build industrial zones in suitable locations Second, diversify sources and forms of capital mobilization to build infrastructure of industrial zones Third, harmonize the development of industrial zones with social problems, protection of the ecological environment, and sustainable development 2.2.2 The orientation and objectives First, further improve the quality of the planning of industrial zones Second, formulate a favourable investment environment, innovate and improve the quality of promotion and investment attraction in industrial zones Third, expand the scale, enhance production capacity and innovate technology in the direction of modernization; create jobs, improve income for workers in industrial zones Fourth, improve the quality of growth and added value of projects in industrial zones 2.2.3 The tasks and solution First, make the plans for infrastructure development of industrial zones Second, promote human resources for industrial zones Third, reform administrative procedures, implement preferential policies, and attract investment in industrial zones Fourth, strengthen the state management of industrial zones 10 Fifth, combine the development of industrial zones with environmental protection and strengthen and consolidate national defence and security 2.3 The Party Committee of Hai Duong province’s directions on development of industrial zones 2.3.1 Planning and building infrastructure in industrial zones From 2005 to 2010, implementing the policy of the Provincial Party Committee on planning and building infrastructure in industrial zones, the People's Committee of Hai Duong province made planning and implemented infrastructure construction for industrial zones (Tan Truong, Phu Thai, Lai Vu, Viet Hoa - Kenmark, Cong Hoa, Luong Dien) Along with the planning and establishment of new industrial zones, the People's Committee of Hai Duong province directed the expansion of Phuc Dien industrial zones to 200 hectares, Tan Truong industrial zones 100 hectares and Viet Hoa-Kenmark industrial zones 90 hectares 2.3.2 Promoting human resources for industrial zones In order to improve the quality of human resources and create highquality labour resources for industrial zones, the People's Committee of Hai Duong province directs to improve the capacity and scale of vocational training and labour supply for industrial area At the same time, the Provincial Party Committee and the People's Committee of Hai Duong province are always interested, coordinating with the investors to step by step improve the material and spiritual life of workers in industrial zones, so that they can feel secure, stick with business After years (2005 - 2010), the results of vocational training in Hai Duong province had a remarkable change; vocational training system has been expanded, by 2010 there are 58 establishments, an increase of 30 establishments compared to 2005, training over 170 thousand people, reaching 164.7% of the plan, the rate of trained workers in 2010 reached up to 41% 2.3.3 Reforming administrative procedures, implementing preferential policies, and attracting investment for industrial zones Implementing the goal of building a favourable investment environment, the Provincial Party Committee and People's Committee of the province have implemented many guidelines and measures to build an investment environment, focusing on directing reform of administrative procedures, attracting investment in industrial zones to register investment in industrial zones according to the "one door, one focal point" mechanism Further implement tax, land, information and advertising preferences, at the same time, directing the implementation and diversifying channels of investment mobilization and promotion; well implement on-site investment promotion, accompany businesses, support businesses operating in industrial zones 11 2.3.4 The State’s management in industrial zones On July 2, 2009, the People's Committee of Hai Duong province issued Decision No 20 / QD-UBND, promulgating the Regulation on state management coordination for industrial zones in Hai Duong province The supplemented and developed regulation on coordination in state management of industrial zones in 2009 created an important legal corridor for the Provincial People's Committee, authorities at all levels and agencies From the reality of the operation of industrial zones, the Provincial Party Committee and the People's Committee of Hai Duong province have directed the comprehensive implementation of the contents of state management for industrial zones, focusing on public management on planning, land use, post-licensing investment, management, labour laws and environmental protection 2.3.5 Combining industrial zones development with environmental protection and national defence and security consolidation Implementing the policy of protecting the environment of industrial zones, the Provincial People's Committee shall direct the implementation of the tree planting project, ensuring 10-12% of the greenery area out of the total area of industrial zones At the same time, it is required to strengthen treatment of environmental pollution in industrial zones; building and operating wastewater treatment plants concentrated in industrial zones (Nam Sach, Phuc Dien, Viet Hoa Kenmark and Dai An) with a capacity of 1,500 to 3,000 m3 / day - night, meeting environmental standards In order to ensure security, order and social safety in industrial zones, the Provincial People's Committee directs the good implementation of the "All-people movement to protect the national security", to prevent crime and social evils The Project on building a strong militia force in the new situation is promulgated, defining the tasks, the objectives and the solutions for building militia and self-defence in industrial zones Conclusion chapter The history of establishment and development of industrial zones in the world as well as in Vietnam has affirmed the vital role of industrial zones In the renovation process, the Party and State always encourage and create favourable conditions for the development of industrial zones Hai Duong is a province with several potentials and strengths for industrial zones development Being properly aware of the position and role of industrial zones and grasping the Party’s and State’s policies, in the years 2005-2010, Hai Duong's Party Committee advocated the strong development of industrial zones and obtained significant achievements, which create a number of practical preconditions for promoting the development of industrial zones in the years to come Chapter 12 POLICIES AND DIRECTIONS OF THE PARTY COMMITTE OF HAI DUONG PROVINCE ON INDUSTRIAL ZONES DEVELOPMENT (2010 - 2015) 3.1 The new factors affecting the leadership of Hai Duong Provincial Party Committee to promote industrial zone development 3.1.1 The world and domestic situation in 2010 - 2015 * The world situation: Globalization continues to develop in both scale, level and manifestation form with positive and negative impacts, opportunities and challenges Science and technology continue to make great strides and breakthroughs, especially information technology and biotechnology At the beginning of 2010, although the world economy showed signs of recovery after the crisis, there are still many difficulties, a number of countries in the world accelerated the process of economic restructuring * The domestic situation: In the years 2010 - 2015, Vietnam's economy continued to develop but still faced many difficulties and challenges The task of attracting and managing investment in industrial zones nationwide reveal some limitations Implementing the Resolution of the 14th Congress, term 2005-2010, Hai Duong's Party Committee, government and people has obtained important results in many fields However, Hai Duong's economic growth has not been commensurate with investment and practical requirements The value of industrial production has grown rapidly but is not really sustainable 3.1.2 The Party’s and the State policies on industrial zone development (2010 - 2015) * The viewpoints: First, promote the development of industrial zones on the basis of promoting socio-economic efficiency and protecting the ecological environment Second, combine the development of industrial zones with the urbanization process, forming an economic centre with a leading role in regional development Third, promote the management work; improve the quality of operations and the decentralization mechanism in the State management apparatus for industrial zones * The orientations and objectives: First, form infrastructure of the industrial zones in a synchronous and modern direction Second, further renew preferential mechanisms and policies; create positive changes in investment attraction and production and business results of industrial zones Third, enhance environmental protection, and improve the lives of workers in industrial zones * The tasks and solutions: First, renew the work of planning and building infrastructure in industrial zones Second, formulate a favourable investment environment and improve the quality of promotion activities to attract investment in industrial zones Third, strengthen the state management 13 of industrial zones Fourth, combine the development of industrial zones with environmental protection and defence and security 3.2 The policies of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province to promote the development of industrial zones 3.2.1 The viewpoints First, development of industrial zones is placed in the socioeconomic development strategy of the province, in line with the general orientation and advantages of each region and locality Second, development of industrial zones is put in a sustainable direction and linkage in the development of industrial zones Third, development of industrial zones is based on stabilizing production and business, creating jobs and increasing incomes for workers, harmoniously solving interests between the State, investors and people whose land is taken for industrial zones construction 3.2.2 The orientation and the goals First, promote all relevant resources, build and expand industrial zones in the direction of modernization Second, improve the investment environment, improve the quality of promotion, investment attraction, and increase occupancy rates in industrial zones Third, create a positive change in production and business activities and socio-economic efficiency of industrial zones Fourth, promote the role of the industrial zones in solving problems of labour and employment, improving workers’ material and spiritual life 3.2.3 The tasks and solutions First, improve the quality of industrial zones infrastructure planning and construction Second, pay due attention to rapid development of human resources in service of the industrial zones Third, reform the administrative procedures; create favourable conditions to attract investment in industrial zones Fourth, strengthen the state management on industrial zones Fifth, step up the implementation of environmental protection; strengthen national defence and security in the industrial zone 3.3 The Party Committee of Hai Duong province’s direction on promoting industrial zone development 3.3.1 Improve the quality of planning and infrastructure construction of industrial zones On November 15, 2011, the People's Committee of the province built "Regional planning of Hai Duong province to 2020 with a vision to 2030", determined by 2015, Hai Duong will have 18 industrial zones, an area of 3,733 hectares, by 2020, 25 industrial zones, total area 5,400 hectares The 5-year socio-economic development plan 2011 - 2015, 14 determined: continue to invest in completing the planning for development of 05 new industrial zones with a total area of 1,960 At the same time, the Provincial Party Committee and People's Committee of Hai Duong province have drastically overcome the slow progress of construction 3.3.2 Improve the quality of human resources for industrial zone development In the period 2010 - 2015, the Provincial Party Committee and the People's Committee of Hai Duong province direct the development of key vocational training programs for each subject, notably the vocational training program for rural workers Support for rural workers and workers whose land is recovered to participate in vocational training and employment Thus, in the years 2010-2015, vocational training institutions in the whole province have "recruited and trained more than 135,000 jobs" The results of human resource development have initially met the requirements of industrial zone development 3.3.3 Promote the reform of administrative procedures to attract investment in industrial zones In February 2012, the Provincial People's Committee directed the application of information technology to administrative procedures, and provided "online public services" at relevant departments to reduce costs and time for businesses In August 2013, the People's Committee of Hai Duong province implemented the project of Hai Duong electronic regulation system, posting information, procedures and policies on investment of the State and the province in English and Vietnamese Implement the State administrative reform and build the standard model of "modern one-door", "inter-door" This is considered as an important basis for enhancing competitiveness and attracting investment, especially foreign investment in industrial zones 3.3.4 Strengthen the State management of industrial zones The Provincial Party Committee and the People's Committee of Hai Duong province thoroughly grasp and strictly comply with the regulations on the management of industrial zones; to direct and strengthen coordination among departments, branches and branches in performing the state management of industrial zones Simultaneously, licensing is required to be quickly resolved, meeting the needs of investors but ensuring strict and legal compliance; improve the quality of inspection and examination; resolutely handle violations, especially violations of the law on environmental protection, infringement of the interests of workers, failure to fulfil the State’s financial obligations 3.3.5 Accelerate the implementation of environmental protection; strengthen national defence and security in industrial zones 15 In order to promote environmental protection in industrial zones, the Provincial People's Committee directs synchronous measures to: Promulgate a list of projects of sectors and fields to attract investment and suspend investment attraction Establishment of Environment Protection Fund of Hai Duong province; Build and operate the waste treatment system according to regulations In order to ensure order, security and safety in the industrial zones, the People's Committee of Hai Duong province directs the establishment and improvement of the operational efficiency of security clusters in industrial zones With industrial zones facing difficulties in site clearance, the Provincial People's Committee organizes a force to persevere, assess the current situation of conflicts, and ensure legitimate benefits for the people In May 2014, China violated Vietnam's sovereignty over the sea and islands, the Provincial Party Committee and Provincial People's Committee instructed the security forces to take professional measures to grasp the situation and propagate directly in industrial zones; the police of Hai Duong province established 10 working groups, directly in 10 industrial zones, coordinated with the investor to propagate and give orientation for workers Conclusion chapter In the years 2010 - 2015, the Party Committee of Hai Duong province issued a policy of promoting the development of the industrial zones regarding quality and efficiency Implementing the policy of promoting the development of industrial zones, at the same time following the reality, the Provincial Party Committee and People's Committee of Hai Duong province direct the renovation and improvement of the quality of planning and construction of infrastructure and the quality of human resources for industrial zones; at the same time, implementing synchronous measures to improve the investment environment, creating favourable conditions for the development of industrial zones Notably, the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial People's Committee implement policies of support, encouragement and incentives for industrial zones to overcome difficulties for further development Chapter COMMENTS AND EXPERIENCE 4.1 Comment on the process of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province leading industrial zone development (2005 - 2015) 4.1.1 The advantages and causes 4.1.1.1 The advantages First, the Party Committee of Hai Duong province has always thoroughly grasped and applied the Party’s and the State's guidelines and policies on industrial zones development into local practice, proposing appropriate industrial zone development policies 16 Looking back 10 years (2005 - 2015), it shows that the Party Committee of Hai Duong province has always thoroughly grasped and applied creatively the views of the Party, determined policies and measures to lead the development of industrial zones suitable Hai Duong developed the industrial zones from the foundation of an out-dated agricultural economy, while the central investment capital is limited, the internal accumulation of the locality is small, to meet the practical requirements, the Party Hai Duong province ministry advocates diversifying sources and forms of capital mobilization to build infrastructure of industrial zones An outstanding feature and the success of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province in planning policies and policies for the development of industrial zones in 2005 - 2015 is that it has identified appropriate objective and solutions for the development of industrial zones Second, the process of directing and organizing the implementation always follows the reality, promptly adjusting mechanisms and policies, creating favourable conditions for the development of industrial zones During the process of building and developing industrial zones, the Provincial Party Committee and People's Committee of Hai Duong province have issued many breakthrough and creative incentives, appropriate to the investors’ psychology and the local’s conditions Studying the direction of the Provincial Party Committee and the People's Committee of Hai Duong province to develop industrial zones (2005 - 2015), clearly see the urgency, positivity, proactively developing the industrial zones The Provincial Party Committee and Provincial People's Committee have actively renewed and overcame barriers, created favourable conditions for industrial zones In the process of developing industrial zones, Hai Duong province always pays attention and in fact achieves high results in combining the development of industrial zones with the urbanization process Third, in the years 2005 - 2015, industrial zones of Hai Duong province developed strongly, making an important contribution to socioeconomic development and improvement of people's lives First, 18 industrial zones development planning with a total area of 4,748.67 ha, of which 10 industrial zones have completed construction of infrastructure, put into operation The occupancy rate in industrial zones is quite high, averaging 64%; many zones achieve 100% occupancy Second, the results of attracting projects, production and business efficiency in industrial zones have many changes As of December 31, 2015, 208 projects with a capital of US $ 3,911 million have been granted investment registration certificates In 2015, the investment capital for implementing projects in the industrial zones reached 230 million USD, the accumulated investment capital was over 2.3 billion USD 17 Third, the industrial zones of Hai Duong province make an important contribution to the local socio-economic development; In 2010, the production value in the industrial zones reached 12,500 billion VND, accounting for 43.2% of the total industrial production value, by 2015 this figure increased to approximately 66,700 billion VND, accounting for 55.68% As of December 31, 2015, employees in industrial zones were 75,316 people 4.1.1.2 The causes of the advantages First, thanks to the correctness and creativity of the country's comprehensive renovation policy directly is the undertakings and policies of the Party and the State for the development of industrial and industrial zones Second, thanks to the Party Committee of Hai Duong province’s awareness of the position, role and necessity of developing industrial zones, creating a high consensus in society about industrial zones development Third, thanks to Hai Duong’s potentials and advantages for the development of industrial zones 4.1.2 The limitations and their causes 4.1.2.1 The limitations Firstly, the leadership in the construction of the investment environment, the organization of promotion and investment attraction in industrial zones has had positive changes, but there remain a number of shortcomings The investment environment of Hai Duong province still has some limitations; the provincial competitiveness index (PCI) in 2015 of Hai Duong is 57.51 points, ranking 35/63 provinces and cities nationwide and 6/9 provinces and cities in the Red River Delta region Promotion and attraction of investment in industrial zones still has certain limitations There are not many preferential policies to attract large investors with strong potentials in capital and technology; there are false manifestations in investor selection, leading to delay in the construction of infrastructure of the industrial zones, wasting resources, adversely affecting the investment environment and the image of the industrial zones The results of attracting investment into industrial zones in rural and remote areas are not high Second, the leadership of some levels of the Party Committee, the management of the government over the industrial zones in some localities is inadequate, failing to meet the practical requirements Some contents and requirements on strengthening the Party's leadership over industrial zones have not been concretized and well implemented The work of building the party organization, developing party members in enterprises in the industrial zones faced many difficulties, did not meet the goals and requirements The leadership capacity of a number of party committees and party organizations for the development of industrial zones has not met practical requirements, and 18 is confused in determining content and measures The state management capacity and efficiency of a number of state agencies for industrial zones has not yet met the requirements The State management of industrial zones in the use of land, natural resources, labour and environmental protection has not achieved high results The inspection and examination work for enterprises are overlapping and insufficient Third, the practice of constructing and developing industrial zones also reveals some limitations, causing negative impacts on the local socio-economic development The planning and construction of infrastructure in some industrial zones are not really scientific, lack of consistency and long-term vision Social infrastructure and utility services, housing, entertainment for industrial zones workers have not met practical requirements The results of attracting investment and production and business activities of the industrial zones are not commensurate with the potential and practical requirements The ratio of realized capital to the total registered capital is still low; the production and business efficiency of a number of projects in industrial zones is not high The operation of the industrial zones causes a number of negative impacts on the socio-economic development, strengthening the local defence and security Environmental protection in some industrial zones has not met the requirements set forth 4.1.2.2 The causes of the limitations First, in the years 2005 - 2015, the world and domestic economic situation had complicated developments, alternating between development, recession and recovery Second, the perception of some committees, authorities as well as a part of officials, party members and people of Hai Duong province about the development of industrial zones is not consistent, and there are some false manifestations Hai Duong has developed the industrial zones from an out-dated agricultural production, small industry, imbalance, and scarce mineral resources Third, the capacity, experience and efficiency in leadership, management and implementation of measures to support the development of industrial zones of the party committee and local authorities are not as high as expected 4.2 The experience from the process of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province leading industrial zone development (2005 - 2015) 4.2.1 Pay due attention on propaganda and education to raise awareness, creating consensus of cadres, party members and people in the construction and development of industrial zones Proper awareness of the position and role of the industrial zones is a condition and basis for creating feelings and good attitudes towards the industrial zones, and through which to prepare the necessary conditions for industrial zones is proactive, active and efficient The reality of industrial zone development in Hai Duong (2005 - 2015) shows that Hai Duong Party Committee attaches special importance to propaganda and 19 consensus of officials and people as an important basis for Hai Duong to obtain achievements in developing industrial zones The facts of propaganda and education to raise awareness for officials, party members and people about the role of the industrial zones (2005 - 2015) in Hai Duong show that: First, regular propaganda educate and thoroughly grasp the undertakings and policies of the Party and State and leadership measures of the Party Committees and local governments on the development of industrial zones Second, educate all officials, party members and people to fully realize the impact of the industrial zones on socio-economic development, consolidate national defence and security Third, propaganda and education to all subjects, but should focus on the contingent of key cadres, grassroots cadres Fourth, actively fight to overcome the wrong views on industrial zones Currently, implementing the policy of developing industrial zones in a modern and sustainable direction, the Party and State have added and issued many preferential policies and policies, creating favourable conditions for the development of industrial zones The problem is that party committees and authorities at all levels need to well in propaganda, education, awareness raising, and creating consensus among officials, party members and people about the industrial zones Propaganda is combined with ensuring legitimate and legal rights for people whose land is recovered for the development of industrial zones It is crucial to fight against the violations and deliberate obstruction for the development of industrial zones 4.2.2 Actively improve the investment environment and the efficiency of promotion and attract investment, especially foreign direct investment in industrial zones Investment environment and investment promotion are important factors that directly affect the "vitality" and speed of development of the industrial zones In the relationship between domestic investment and foreign investment, domestic investment is mainly and plays a decisive role However, in the difficult conditions of central investment capital and limited internal accumulation, it is very necessary to take advantage of foreign investment capital Hai Duong developed the industrial zone from a purely agricultural economy, with the accumulated capital not enough to meet the investment requirements Thus, foreign direct investment is of more and more important significance In the years 2005-2015, the Party Committee of Hai Duong province always actively and proactively implemented many guidelines and measures to improve the environment, improve the quality of investment promotion, especially foreign investment ; making an important contribution to the development of industrial zones in Hai Duong province 20 The reality of improving the environment for investment, the quality of investment promotion, especially foreign investment in industrial zones of Hai Duong province, shows that: First, full awareness of the location, role, content, requirements to improve the investment environment and investment promotion Second, renew and diversify forms of promoting investment attraction Third, prioritize foreign direct investment in industrial zones, but must have focus and maintain the spirit of independence and autonomy Fourth, overcome the limitations and weaknesses of the environment for investment and promotion Currently, the competition at all levels is taking place more and more fiercely; Hai Duong province needs to build modern technical and economic infrastructure, formulate and implement preferential and mechanisms and policies to attract investment It needs to step up the reform of administrative procedures, improve the quality of human resources to create an advantage in attracting investment 4.2.3 Harmoniously address the interests of the State, enterprises, employees and people whose land is acquired in developing industrial zones Implementing the construction and putting the industrial zones into operation in practice always has the coordination and interlocking interests of the State, enterprises, workers and people whose land is acquired for industrial zones development The 10-year practice (2005 - 2015), developing industrial zones in Hai Duong province has proven the success of Party committees and authorities at all levels in awareness and harmonious settlement of interests This is the foundation to create a great motivation for enterprises, workers and people whose land is acquired to actively implement the policy of developing the industrial zones In particular, the true interests of employees are guaranteed to create a broad and sustainable social basis for the existence and development of industrial zones The above-mentioned facts show some contents and requirements when addressing benefits in industrial zones development, namely: First, realize the interests of the State, enterprises, employees and people in industrial zone development Second, grasp the viewpoint of history, thinking flexibly in perception and solving benefits in developing industrial zones Third, promote the central role of state agencies in resolving conflicts of interest, creating favourable conditions for enterprises and ensuring employees’ interests At present, in order to harmonize benefits in the development of industrial zones, the problem is that it is necessary to plan and develop industrial zones in the relationship and contribute to the implementation of socio-economic development goals Pay attention and solve legitimate interests, improve the material and spiritual life of workers and workers in the industrial zones At the same time, ensure legitimate and legal benefits for people whose land is acquired to build industrial zones 21 Compensation should be public, transparent, and avoid arbitrary, affecting the interests of the people There is a policy of vocational training and employment support for children of the acquired land households who wish to work in the industrial zones 4.2.4 Combine the development of industrial zones with national defence consolidation and environment protection During the process of leading the construction and development of industrial zones (2005 - 2015), Hai Duong Provincial Party Committee has taken many measures to combine the development of industrial zones with strengthening and consolidating national defence and security The projects to develop industrial zones related to national defence and areas of military value are closely appraised and supervised by functional departments and the Provincial Military Command Simultaneously, the Provincial Party Committee and the People's Committee of Hai Duong province direct to protect security and order, fight crime in industrial zones, prevent protests and disturbances Environmental protection is a central task towards sustainable development goals Thoroughly grasp the Party's policy, in the process of leading the development of the industrial zones, the Party Committee of Hai Duong province pays attention and attaches great importance to the environmental protection However, from many different reasons, environmental protection in industrial zones has many limitations; Environmental pollution is a threat to sustainable development, adversely affecting the investment environment and people's satisfaction with the industrial zones The above reality shows that the contents and requirements to be done are: First, closely combine the planning and development of industrial zones with the planning for construction of defence zones; environmental protection right from the planning stage Second, strictly comply with the provisions of the law on environmental protection in industrial zones Third, timely detect and effectively overcome negative impacts in the development of industrial zones on national defence, security and environmental protection Currently, the world and regional situation continues to evolve quickly, complicatedly and unpredictably The climate change has many impacts on the country's sustainable development In the construction of industrial zones at present, attention should be paid to the planning of industrial zones to meet the requirements of defence areas Improve the quality of education and fostering knowledge of national defence and security for subjects Build and improve the quality of self-defence forces in industrial zones Take further measures to protect the environment and strictly handle violations 4.2.5 Strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the management of governments at all levels in development of industrial zones 22 The State management, which is directly from the government apparatus at all levels for industrial zones, is of great importance to promoting the role of industrial zones In the process of renovation, the State develops planning and promulgates many policies for the management of industrial zones according to the law In reality in the years 2005 - 2015, the Provincial Party Committee and the People's Committee of Hai Duong province thoroughly grasp and strictly comply with the central regulations and guidelines on state management of industrial zones Simultaneously, supplement and concretize through the system of sub-law documents, creating an open legal corridor, both creating favourable conditions and ensuring strict and efficient management of the operation of the industrial zones In order to enhance the efficiency of the State management of industrial zones, the experiences in Hai Duong show that: First, grasp and implement the system of legal documents and regulations on industrial zones Second, promote the role of officials and functional agencies in the implementation of the State management of industrial zones Third, strengthen the inspection and examination of state agencies for the operation of industrial zones Fourth, promote the central role of the Provincial Management Board of Industrial Zones in implementing the state management of industrial zones At present, before the effects of the fourth industrial revolution, in order to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the State management over industrial zones, it is vital to promote the training to improve qualifications, capabilities and qualities for managers at all levels Strengthen the State management before and after investment licensing Review and evaluate the impact and efficiency of industrial zones, especially the impacts on environment, culture, security and order, etc It is necessary to handle the projects in industrial zones showing signs of breaking the law Conclusion chapter In the years 2005 - 2015, the Party Committee of Hai Duong province led the development of industrial zones with very basic advantages, but still remains some certain limitations The process of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province leading the development of the industrial zones in the years 2005 - 2015 has left valuable experiences The results in development of industrial zones in Hai Duong province serve as scientific foundations proving the correctness in the Party's policy and direction for the implementation of industrial zones development Simultaneously, they are considered as practical and valuable lessons for reference and application in the leadership of industrial zones development in the new situation CONCLUSION 23 In the comprehensive renovation of the country, it is important to recognize the position and the role of industrial zones, consult the experiences in building and developing industrial zones of the countries in the world to develop industrial zones That serves as an important basis for the local Party Committees to determine the guidelines and measures to promote this important type of industrial economic organization Hai Duong province is located in the centre of the northern key economic region, with several potentials and advantages for developing industrial zones Thoroughly grasping and applying the Party’s and the State’s policies, being fully aware of the position and the role of industrial zones, Hai Duong Provincial Party Committee proposed the policy of industrial zones development The 14th Congress of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province (2005) advocates the development of industrial zones, creating a breakthrough to boost production of the industry The 15th Congress of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province (2010) proposed the policy of promoting the development of the industrial zones on views, directions, goals, tasks and solutions Together with the correct formulation of the policy of industrial zone development, in the years 2005 2015, Hai Duong Provincial Party Committee directed the comprehensive and synchronous implementation of industrial zones development activities Of which, focusing on planning, building infrastructure, improving the quality of human resources and favourable investment environment in parallel with promoting investment in industrial zones Simultaneously, it is required to strengthen the implementation of the State management on industrial zones, regularly direct the work of environmental protection, and combine the development of industrial zones with national defence and security consolidation Under the leadership of the Provincial Party Committee, in 10 years (2005-2015), Hai Duong province's industrial zone developed strongly in terms of quantity, scale and results of production, positively contributing to the local socio-economic development Yet, the leadership of industrial zone development of Hai Duong Provincial Party Committee in the years 2005 - 2015 still reveals some limitations The leadership of planning, building the environment, attracting investment in industrial zones with low quality and efficiency; the leadership of some party committees over industrial zones in some localities is inadequate Simultaneously, there are not many effective measures to overcome the negative impacts in the development of industrial zones From the process of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province leading the development of the industrial zones (2005 - 2015), historical experiences are drawn: Regularly propaganda to raise awareness and consensus of party members and people in industrial zones construction and development; improve the investment environment, innovate the promotion and attract investment, especially foreign investment in industrial zones; 24 harmoniously settle the interests of the State, enterprises, employees and people whose land is taken in the process of industrial zones development; closely combine the development of industrial zones with strengthening and consolidating national defence and security and protecting the environment; enhance the management effectiveness and efficiency of governments at all levels in the development of industrial zones These theoretical and practical issues contribute to providing more scientific arguments for the Party Committee of Hai Duong province to lead the development of the industrial zones in the new era Presently, the world and domestic situation continues to have strong changes; the fourth industrial revolution has created new advantages and difficulties for industrial production in general and industrial zones in particular Hai Duong province should continue to promote the local potentials and strengths, renew mechanisms and policies, and improve the quality and efficiency of industrial zones With the tradition of the land of "holy land, talented people", the spirit of solidarity, innovation and creativity of the Party, government and people, industrial zones of Hai Duong province will have a new development step, contributing to building Hai Duong province to be powerful, wealthy and civilized ... Committee of Hai Duong province to develop industrial zones (2005 – 2015) Second, the policy and direction for the development of industrial zones of Hai Duong Provincial Party Committee (2005 – 2015) ... Provincial Party Committee (2005 – 2015) Fourth, the experience from the process of the Party Committee of Hai Duong province leading the industrial zone development (2005 – 2015) Conclusion chapter... Committee to develop industrial zones in the years 2005- 2015 Analysing and interpreting the guidelines and direction of Hai Duong Provincial Party Committee for developing industrial zones from 2005
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