Bước đầu khảo sát sự phát triển nghĩa của một số nhóm từ vựng trong tiếng Việt từ năm 1945 đến nay

DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRUDGING DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN oOo—- PHAM VAN L A M BI/CIC DAU KHAO SAT SlT PHAT TRIEN NGHIA CUA MOT SO NHOM Tl/ VUNG TRONG TIENG VIET Tir NAM 1945 DEN NAY LUAN VAN THAC SI NGON NG0HOC Chuyen nganh: Ngon ngir hoc Ma so: 60 22 01 Nguoi hudng d^n: GS TS LE QUANG THIEM DAI HOC Q U O C GIA HA NOi TRUNG TAM THONG TIN THIJ VIEN Ha Noi -10/2007 i Ludn van dugc hoan dual Sir hudng dan true tiep ciia GS TS Le Quang Thiem, cung tap the cac thdy CO Khoa Ngon ngir hoc Qua hian von nay, em xin chdn thdnh cam an GS TS Le Quang Thiem, cimg tap the cac thdy co Khoa Ngon ngu hoc II Loi cam d o a n Toi xin cam doan day la eong trinh cua rieng toi Cac so lieu va ket qua luan van la trung thue va chua tung duge eong bo a bat eu tu lieu nao Pham Van Lam r r Bang chfr cai viet tat DTDTV: Dai tir dien Tieng Viet DVT: Dao Van Tap HPl: HoangPhe i HP2: Hoang Phe KTTD: Khai tri Tiln due LVD: Le Van Due NL: Nguyen Lan NNY: Nguyen Nhu-Y TDBKQSVN: Tu diln Bach Idioa Quan sir Viet Nam lO.TDBKVN: Tu diln Bach khoa Viet Nam 11 TDCT: Tu diln Chinh tri 12.TDKTH: Tu diln kinh t§ hoc 13.TDLH:TudilnLuathoc 14.TDTM: Tu diln Tu mai 15.TDTT:TudilnTh§thao 16.TDTV: Tu diln tilng Viet 17.TDVN: Tu di§n Viet Nam 18.TDVNPT: Tu diln Viet Nam thong 19.TN: Thanh Nghi 20 VNTTDMH: Viet Nam Tan tir -diln minh-hoa 2LVT: Van Tan IV Quy u6*c trinh bay Trong luan van nay, ngoai nhiing ky hieu da duge su dung bien va thong nhat, eon e6 mot so ky hieu dae biet sau: >: Chuyen thanh, phat trien < : Duge chuyen tu, dugc phat trien tu []: Cau true nghTa tu Muc luc • • Madau Ly chon de tai — Doi tugng, pham vi va muc dich, y nghTa nghien euu 2.1 Doi tugng, pham vi nghien euu 2.2 Muc dich, y nghTa nghien euu 3 Tu lieu va phuong phap nghien euu 3.1 Tu lieu nghien euu 3.2 Phuong phap nghien euu 4 Bo cue luan van — r^-4 Chuang T Lich su van de va ea sa ly luan cua viec nghien euu su phat trien nghTa 1.1 Lich sir van,de 1.1.1 Tren the giai 1.1.2 Viet Nam 1.2 Khai niem phat trien nghTa 1.2.1 Khai mem phat trien nghTa 1.2.2 Phan biet phat trien nghTa va dao dong nghTa 1.2.3 Cac so phat trien nghTa 11 1.3 Hai xu huong phat trien nghTa nghTa tu virng 12 1.3.1 Vi tri cua nghTa chuc nang tu vung ngir nghTa hoc 12 1.3.2 Ba tang nghTa va sau kieu nghTa chuc nang tu vung 13 1.3.3 Hai xu huang phat trien nghTa , 14 1.3.4 Cach trinh bay theo hai xu huang phat trien nghTa cua luan van 16 1.4 Tilu kit —— 17 Chuang l l Khao sat sir phat trien nghTa theo huang tri tue h6a 18 2.1 Tiep can each hieu ve sir phat trien nghTa theo huang tri tue hoa 18 2.1.1 Tu 16 gich va tang nghTa tri tue 18 2.1.2 Tu tang nghTa thuc tien den tang nghTa tri tue , 18 2.1.3 Th6ng tin bach khoa va th6ng tin ngir nghTa chieu huang tri tue hoa ciia nghTa tu ^ , ^ 19 2.1.4 Cach hieu ve su phat trien nghTa theo huang tri tue h6a 20 2.L5 Hien thue ngir lieu va each xae lap nghTa chuc nang tu vung ciia sir phat trien nghTa theo huang tri tue hoa 20 2.2 Bieu hien ngu" nghTa ciia cac tu khao sat qua cac tu dieu; 22 2.2.1 Bieu hien ngu nghTa cua cac tir khao sat qua cac tu diln ngir van 22 2.2.1.1.^Ve nh6m danh tirthuang duge su dung phap ly 22 a Bieu hien ngu* nghTa eiia iix luat 22 b Bieu hien ngu nghTa cua tu che 24 2.2.1.2.^ Ve nhom danh tu thuang dugc su dung quan sir 25 a Bieu hien ngu' nghTa cua tu chien luo'c ' 25 b Bieu hien ngu nghTa cneitix chien thugt , 27 2.2.1.3.,Ve nhom danh tu thuang duge su dung kinh tl 28 a Bieu hien ngu nghTa cua tii' ngdn hang 28 b Bieu hien ngir nghTa cua tu thi truang 29 2.2.2 Bieu hien ngu* nghTa eiia cac tir khao sat qua cac tii' diln chuyen m6n 30 2.2.2.1.,Ve nhom danh tirthuang duge su dung phap ly 30 a Bieu hien ngir nghTa cua tir che 30 b Bieu hien ngu* nghTa ciia tir luat 30 2.2.2.3.,,Ve nhom danh tir thuang dugc sii dung quan su 30 a Bieu hien ngir nghTa eiia tii* chien thugt 30 b Bieu hien ngu nghTa eiia tir chien luac , 31 2.2.2.4 Ve nhom danh tir thuang duge su dung kinh tl 31 ^ • ' > • " a Bieu hien ngir nghTa ciia tir ngdn hang 31 b Bieu hien ngu' nghTa eiia tii* (hi truang 31 2.2.3 Nhan'xet 32 2.3 Bieu hien su phat trien nghTa qua ngir lieu thue te 33 2.3.1 Phantieh 33 2.3.1.1 Ve nhom danh tii* thuang duge sii* dung phap ly 34 a Phan tich til' che 34 b Phan tich tii* luat 36 2.3.1.2.Ve nhom danh tii* thuang dugc sir dung quan sir 37 a Phan tich tir chien lirac 37 b Phan tich tir chien thugt 38 2.3.1.3.Ve nhom danh tirthuang dugc su dung kinh te 39 a Phan tich tir ngdn hang 39 b Phan tich tir thi truang 41 2.3.2 Nhanxet 42 2.4 Tilu kit-— 43 Chuang III Khao sat sir phat trien nghTa theo huang bieu trung hoa 46 3.1 Tiep can each hieu ve sir phat trien nghTa theo huang bieu trung hoa 46 3.1.1 Tu hinh tugng va tang nghTa bieu trung 46 3.1.2 Tir tang nghTa thue tien den tang nghTa bieu trung , 46 3.1.3 Thao tac lua chon, thao tae ket hgp va tang nghTa bieu trung 47 3.1.4 Tang nghTa bieu trung va chuc nang thi phap ciia ngon ngu* 48 3.1.5 Cach hieu ve phat trien nghTa theo 16i,bieu trung hoa 49 3.1.6 Hien thue ngir lieu va each xae lap kieu nghTa chire nang tir vung ciia sir phat trien nghTa theo huang bieu trung hoa 49 3.2 Bieu hien ciia su phat trien nghTa 49 3.2.1 Bieu hien sir phat trien ngu nghTa theo huang bieu trung h6a ciia tir cha 49 3.2.2 Bieu hien sir phat trien ngir nghTa theo huang bieu trung hoa cua tir me 54 3.2.3 Bieu hien sir phat trien ngir nghTa theo huang bieu trung hoa cua tir nuqc.'i^ 1).1.A Bieu hien su phat trien ngir nghTa theo huang bieu trung hoa ciia mot s6 dan vi tir vung khac 62 3.2.5 Nhanxet : 66 3.3 Tilu kit —69 Kit luan 73 Tai lieu tham khao 76 Ngu6n tu lieu trich dan 81 Phu luc 82 MO DAU L Ly chon de tai Trong Viet ngu hoc viec nghien euu a binh dien dong dai eiia nhieu hien tugng, c6 tir vung - ngii" nghTa, da dat dugc nhilu tun Tuy nhien, anh huang ciia c§u true luan (huang nghien euu v6n dT tap trung nhieu a binh dien d6ng dai), viec nghien ciru a binh dien lich sir vai chuc nam qua ehua duoc chii y nhieu Han nu'a, nghien cim a binh dien Ijch su, nguai ta thuang tap trung nhieu vao nhirng khia canh hinh thiic (cac quy luat ngu am, cac quy tac ngir phap) de tiep can, do, khia canh ngu nghia trim tugng ehua duoc quan tain dung mire Them vao do, nhung nghien cim ngu nghTa di theo huong Heh su lai thuang chii y nhieu den nhung van de bien d6i ngir nghTa f r \ r f cua qua khii* it quan tam den nhirng van de bien d6i ngir nghTa hien tai Chinh vi vay, di theo huong nghien cim eila mot s6 e6ng trinh theo huong lich sir gan day, luan van chiing t6i manh dan khao sat su phat trien nghTa cua mot s6 nhom tir tieng Viet tir nam 1945 den nay, dual nhan de Bitac ddu khao sat su phat trien nghTa cua mot so nhom tir vimg tieng Viet tit nam 1945 den nay, de it nhieu e6 the gop phan tim hieu sir bien d6i phat trien ve nghTa cua tieng Viet Doi tucrng, pham vi va muc dich, y nghTa nghien euu 2.1 Doi tugng, pham vi nghien euu Ngu" nghTa eiia tin hieu ng6n ngu* co the dugc xem xet theo nhieu binh dien khac Trong luan van nay, cai duge dem xem xet, khao sat, khong phai la nghTa chung chung ma la sir phat trien ve nglna tit vung, Cu the la su phat trien ve nghTa tir vung ciia mot s6 nhom tir vung danh tir thuong dugc sir dung ITnh virc khoa hoc xa hoi - nhan van tir nam 1945 den D6 la nhung tir thuang duge sii* dung ITnh vue quan su, nhu chien luac, chien thugt, ; ITnh vu'c phap ly, nhu luat, hanh lang, che • ITnh vue kinh te ngdn hang, thi trudng, Do la nhiing tir ehi cac t6 chuc chinh tri ^3 hoi, nhu dang, doan, nhom, to, ; ehi cac kh6ng gian chinh tri - xa hoi, nhu bien giai, lanh tho, vimg, mien: ehi quan he than toe gia dinh, nhu bdc, cha, me, 2.2, Muc dich, y nghia nghien euu Vai d6i tugng va pham vi nhu vay, luan van g6p phan lam ro su phat triln vl nghTa tii* vung eiia mot s6 nhom tir thuang duge sir dung ITnh vue khoa hoe xa hoi - nhan van ciia tir vung tieng Viet mot quang thai gian lich sii* co nhieu thay d6i va phat trien quan trong, qua it nhieu thay dM^z sir phat trien ve thue tien xa hoi ve nhan thiie cua eon nguai Di theo huang khao sat nay, luan van phai huang den mot I6i nhin co tinh lich sir, dong ve nghTa tir; tir day, buae dau c6 the ehi cac xu huang, eon duang phat trien nghTa ciia tieng Viet, phan tich va ly giai cac duang phat trien ay Them vao d6, van dung 16i tilp can theo huang chuc nang va tri nhan vao viec xae lap, m6 ta cac tang nghTa va kieu nghTa chuc nang tir vung, hy vong cac ket qua cua luan van se co nhirng tac dung, y nghTa nhat dinh viec xae lap va m6 ta •7 t •' ' nghTa tii* vung eae loai tir dien khac nhau, de tir tieng Viet eo the cang phat hiiy duge sire manh lam e6ng cu giao tiep va tu eiia minh Tu lieu va phuang phap nghien euu 3.L Tu lieu nghien euu Ngu6n tu lieu ehu yeu dugc luan van sii* dung de nghien ciru, khao sat thuoe hai mang sau Thii* nhat, cac cu6n tir dien dien hinh, tieu bieu cho eae m6e thai gian khac r r t xuat ban khoang thai gian tir nam 1945 den Thii' hai, eae kieu loai van ban khac thuoe cac phong each chuc nang khac nhau, dien hinh la cac van ban khoa hoe va nghe thuat, dugc xuat ban tir nam 1945 den 3,2 Phuong phap nghien civu Trong qua trinh lam viec, luan van da su dung nhirng phuong phap, thii phap sau: 3.2.1 Phuong phap phan tich to nghTa Day la phuong phap ehii dao dugc sii* dung luan van Sii* dung phuong phap nay, ta co the lam ro dugc tinh cau triic ciia nghTa tir tai nhung thai diem khao sat khac 3.2.2 Phuong phap phan tich t6 nghTa co dac trung n6i bat la: co the dirng buac phan tich lai t6 nghTa cu6i eiing duge neu dii sire khu biet vai dan vi tir vung can khu biet Dieu co nghTa la phuong phap phan tich t6 nghTa se khong phat huy duge sue manh s6 lugng dan vi tir vung dugc dem mieu ta lan, va sir mieu ta ciing mot liic phai tinh den nhieu the quan he tuang lien Moi mot dan vi tir vung ciing mot luc c6 the tham gia nhieu m6i quan he tuang lien khac Viec xae dinh nghTa tir co dam bao tinh khoa hoe hay kh6ng se phu thuoe vao sir xem xet nhieu chieu cua nhirng m6i quan he tuang lien Do do, dl khac phuc nhung diem yeu cua phuong phap phan tich t6, luan van da su dung kit hgp mot each d6ng thai cac thii phap cua phuong phap phan tich nghTa theo huang quy ehilu, huang ngu* canh Them vao do, cac thii phap phan tich nghTa theo 16 gich ma, ly thuylt dien mau cua ngir nghTa hoc tri nhan cung da dugc van dung a mot ehirng muc thieh hgp 3.2.3 Ket qua cua e6ng viec khao sat luan van duge trinh bay theo tinh than eiia 16i nghien eii'u truang hgp Vi the, nhirng don vi tii* vung duge lua chon dl trinh bay chinh la nhung truang hgp dien hinh Bo cue luan van \ s, f Nhu vay, theo 16 gich tren, ngoai phan ma dau va ket luan, luan van se duge trinh bay theo b6 cue g6m ba chuang Chuang I trinh bay vl co so ly luan ciia viec nghien eu'u, khao sat su phat trien nghTa tir vung Chuang II trinh bay vl sir phat triln nghTa theo huang tri tue hoa Chuang III trinh bay vl su phat triln nghTa theo huang bieu trung h6a Sau day se la noi dung eu the eiia tirng chuang Chuong I LICH SU^ VAN DE VA CO SO LY LUAN CUA VIEC NGHIEN e u u SU PHAT T R I E N N G H I A LL Ljch su van de 1.1,1 Tren the gi&i van dl nghTa tir, bien d6i nghTa tii* da dugc cac nha triet hoe Co dai de cap tii" rat sam Theo ho ^'biln d6i nghTa lien quan mat thiet den bien d6i tinh than ciia eong dong'' [100; 3] Phuong huang nghien euu tiep tue duqc tri suot thai Trung dai Den dau the ky XIX, nghien ciru bien d6i nghTa da dugc day len mot buac moi thuat ngii* ngu nghia hoc tit vung (semasiology) duge C Reisig (1832) de xuat Ngu nghTa hoc tir vung dugc ong xem la mot nhanh nghien ciru theo huang lich su CO nhiem vu thiet lap cac nguyen ly ehu dao ehi ph6i den sir phat trien nghTa ben canh nhanh tii* nguyen hoe va eii phap hoc (ca ba nhanh deu nam ngu* phap) Ngay sau do, tu tuang cua C Reisig da dugc nhieu nguai huang irng va phat trien dae biet la a Due va a Phap F Hasse, M Breal (1883), va A Darmester (1880), la nhirng dai dien n6i bat cho xu huang nghien euu Xu huang phat trien rat manh hai thap ky cu6i cua thi ky XIX [101; 3], [117; 3800] Trong ba thap ky dau cua the ky XIX, viec nghien ciru bien d6i nghTa da thu dugc kha nhieu tiru Cac nha ngir nghTa hoe dan dan ''giai thoaf' ehu de nghien ciru bien doi nghTa khoi cac pham trii e6 xua v6n duge thira huang tir truyen th6ng tu tir hoe va chii giai hoe (hermeneutics/exegetics), va chuyen huang quan tam sang cac ITnh vue lan can nhu triet hoc, tam ly hoe, xa hoi hoc, lich sir van minh, v.v nham dat dugc nhung ket luan eo tinh ban chat ve qua trinh phat trien nghTa Su khai xuang dugc bat dau tir W Wundt (1900), K Nyrop (1913), va H Paul (1920): nhien, nhung thir nghiem mai ehi la mot sir kich hirng ban dau eo tac dung thuc day cac nghien ciru tiep theo theo huang tam ly hoc Den giai doan nay, nhiem vu thiet lap cac luat bien d6i nghTa C Reisig, F Hasse, M Breal de xuat mai thuc sir dugc hinh (cii the la cac e6ng trinh ciia G Stem, 1921) Thanh tuu noi bat nhSt eiia thai ky duge the hien hai eong trinh co tinh chat t6ng hgp diie kit xki cao la Swift, swiftly, and their synonyms (1921), va Meaning and change of meaning, with special reference to the English language (1931) eiia Gustaf Stern, mot hoe gia nguai Thuy Dien Day la nhirng e6ng trinh (dac biet la eong trinh thir hai) thue sir d6 so, co tinh t6ng hgp cao Heh su ngii* nghTa hoe lich dai ciia thai ky tien cau true, dung tren lap truang cua ngu* van hoe truyen thong, a do, eae bien d6i nghTa duge phan loai chia lop theo huang kinh nghiem luan thuan tuy, dua tren sir ket hgp nhuan nhiiy giii*a eae tieu ehi tam ly hoe, nhan thue luan, 16 gich hoe, tu tir hoe vai nhau, eae tuu 86 Tac pham: Fiji truoc nguy co bi the giai c6 lap Tae gia : ' Ngay XB : 7/16/2000 NguIn; SGGP S6 : 8271 The Igai ; Bao chi S6 trang : Trang 22 Chaudhry de nghi phuc hIi lai chinh phu cfta 6ng bj nhftng nguoi theo ehft nghia dan tgc lat dl tft 19-5 Ong nhin manh ring bing mgi gia phai tri chi dan ehft hgp hien Tae pham: Nghi viec truae thai han qui dinh eo dugc huong ehi do? Tae gia : M.L.D Ngay XB : 7/3/2000 NguIn : SGGP Sl ; 8258 The Igai : Bao ehi S6 trang : Trang 23 Nghi viec truoc thai han qui dinh eo duge huong ehi do? Tae pham: Ve che d6i voi nguoi lao dgng e6ng ich bi tai nan lao dgng Tae gia; Ngay XB ; 2/22/2001 Ngu6n : Ha Ngi maiS6 : The Igai : Bao ehi S6 trang : 24 Truang hgp nguai bi TNLD suy giam kha nang lao dgng da tham gia BHXH thi duge huong che trg cap mgt lan hoae hang thang theo quy dinh eua Dieu le BHXH ban hanh kem theo Nghi dinh sl 12/ND-CP 26-1-1995 Tac pham: Dieu tri beo phi theo y hgc dan tgc Tac gia : L.Ph Ngay XB : 10/6/2000 NguIn : SGGP Sl : 8353 Thi Igai : Bao ehi S6 trang : 25 chilu 29-9-2000, bac sT Le Thuy Tuai (Vien Y dugc hgc TPHCM) cho bilt vien da xay dung phac dl dilu tri benh beo phi g6m phan: huang din che an, huang din van dgng va diing thuoe y hgc dan tgc Achyranta Tac phim: Quy dinh mai vl viec thu, nop le phi cip gily phep xay dung Tac gia : L.T ' Ngay XB : 2/11/2001 Ngu6n : Ha Ngi maiS6 : Thi Igai : Bao chi S6 trang : 26 Quy dinh mai vl viec thu, nop le phi cIp gily phep xay dung Bg Tai chinh vira Th6ng tu sl 03/2001/TT-BTC huang dan che d6 thu, nop va quan ly le phi cIp gily phep xay dung vai cac dii tugng bao gIm xay dung mai, cm tao, ma rgng, sira chua lan, triing tu, t6n tao thugc dien phai dugc d p giay phep xay dung Tac phim: 155 thong tu Lien bg hit hieu lire phap luat Tac gia : X.T Ngay XB : 6/24/2000 NguIn : SGGP So : 8249 Thi loai : Bao chi Sl trang: , u -• 27 ' quy dinh viec thu tiln le phi cap phat cac loai giay to, chung nhan cho nguai nuac ngoai va c6ng dan Viet Nam nhap canh, xuat canh va cu tru; huang dan ch^do tra d p kho khan cho mot s l dii tugng huang chinh sach thuang binh va xa hgi 87 Tac phim: Huang tai Dai hgi Dang toan quIe lin thu 9: Giir virng doan kit Tac gia : Tiln Hai Ngu6n : SGGP The Igai : Bao chi Ngay XB : 9/25/2000 Sl : 8342 S6 trang : :? , -.f^l!'^}^''! ^°"g t^c Dang, doan thi vai can bg chinh quyin va can bo kinh te c h ^ doi vai can bg co sa, v.v Tat ea nhirng su xgc xech, thilu nhit quan' thilu ehinh sach can bg cung la mgt nhung nguyan nhan g y eong bang ^ tinh trang mat doan ket ngi bg Dang Tac pham: Cac nuac ky niem QuIe khanh Viet Nam Ngay XB : 9/3/2000 Tae gia : B.T.V s l : 8320 Ngu6n : SGGP The Igai : Bao ehi Sl trang : 30 Thay mat nhan dan va Chinh phu Campuchia, ong Xa Kheng bay to long bilt an sau sac doi voi su giiip da to lan eiia nhan dan Viet Nam va su hy sinh xuang mau cua Quan dgi Nhan dan Viet Nam de giiip giai phong nhan dan Campuchia khoi chi diet ehimg Tac pham: Benh vien ngoai tru cua nguai ngheo •• Tac gia : Nggc Truae Ngay XB : 8/2/2000 NguIn : SGGP S l : 8288 The Igai : Bao chi Sl trang : 31 Khong it benh nhan thugc dien xoa doi giam ngheo bat tien din trung tam y te qua xa nen xin kham - ehua benh a phong kham tir thien vai nhilu loai thulc D6ng Tay y cham eiru, trj lieu vat ly, Noi ban khoan eua rit nhilu nguai hien la chi uu dai b6i duang cho cac y bac sT (dac biet cac bac sT mai truang) lam c6ng tac tir thien dong gop tham lang ma khong duge nhilu nganh chire nang quan tam Tac pham: Hgc tap, ren luyen tu tuang va dao due each mang thuc hien thing lgi cugc van dgng xay dung, chinh d6n Dang Tac gia : ^ Ngay XB : 5/22/1999 NguIn : Cong an TPHCM Sl : 741 The Igai : Bao chi S6 trang : 1,3 32 Nguyen tae tap trung dan chii bi vi pham, ky luat va quan ly dang vien long leo, che sinh hoat tu phe binh va phe binh kh6ng nghiem, tinh trang mat doan ket nghiem trgng keo dai a mgt s6 cap uy, dia phuong Tac pham: Di tich lich sir bj xam hai! Tac gia : Le Phuang Ngay XB : 7/3/2000 NguIn : SGGP S l : 8258 The igai : Bao chi So trang : Trang 33 Va nhirng hanh vi xam hai di tich chua dugc xu ly kip thai thi mgt thuc tl khac kho tin dugc la nhung nguai dang true tilp tr6ng coi di tich hien chua dugc huang mgt che boi duang nao Tac phim: Phien hgp toan thi Dai hgi ding LHQ khoa 55: Nhin manh su can thilt phai cai t l HDBA LHQ 88 Tae gia : PV Ngay XB : 9/16/2000 NguIn : SGGP Sl : 8333 The Igai : Bao chi S6 trang : 34 Pitoxen doi eae vien thuang true Hgi ding bao an sir dung quyin phu quyet ehi d6i vai cac van de cue ky quan trgng Ong nhlc lai dl nghi ciia 6ng vl viec thiet lap mgt che d6 the thuc, theo moi nuac vien thuang true phai noi ro ly tai hg lai quyet dinh diing quyin phu quylt tinh thi Tac pham: Huang tai dai hgi cua Dang Tac gia : Duong Trgng Dat Ngay XB : 11/19/2000 NguIn : SGGP S l : 8397 The Igai : Bao ehi Sl trang : 35 Tir hang ngan nam nay, kh6ng mgt dan tgc, quIc gia nao kh6ng chu y din gia tri dac biet Do la vi van hoa thi hien sire manh cua mgt dan tgc, mgt chi xa hgi No bao dam cho sir tien bg ciia mgi xa hgi Lgi ich ma van hoa tao kh6ng ehi tac dgng true tiep toi nguai huang thu va eon lan toa nhung nguai xung quanh Tac pham: De co miia boi thu rau tuai, qua nggt Tac gia : Tri Dung Ngay XB : 6/27/2000 NguIn : SGGP S l : 8252 The Igai : Bao chi S6 trang : Trang 36 Phat trien rau qua la mgt chien luge quan trgng nen n6ng nghiep nuac ta Nhiing dieu kien sinh thai da dang, che hau nhiet dai am va a nhiet dai ciing vai sir phan hoa dia hinh da tao nen a nuac ta nhirng viing hau dac thii c6 the phat trien dugc rat nhieu loai rau qua Tae pham: Dau la nguyen nhan va giai phap? Tac gia : Minh Yin Ngay XB : 10/3/2000 NguIn : SGGP Sl : 8350 The Igai : Bao ehi S6 trang : 37 Bai vi sii' dung lao dgng nil, cac doanh nghiep chua thay lgi ich dau ma da thay thiet thoi viec phai dam bao chi d6 thai san, 6m dau, han che lao dgng nang nhoc dge hai khiln cho cac doanh nghiep xem nhu la ganh nang dii vai hg Tac phim: Air France va Accor thue hien chuang trinh du lich cho doanh nhan Tac gia : K.B Ngay XB : 7/15/2000 NguIn : SGGP Sl : 8270 Thi loai : Bao chi Sl trang : Trang 10 39 Tir 11 -7-2000, Hang Hang kh6ng Air France (Phap) khu vue chau a - Thai Binh Duong phli hgp vai tap doan khaeh san Accor thuc hien "Chuang trinh du lich cho doanh nhan" cac doanh nghiep vira va nho khu vue chau a su dung phuang tien di ehuyin cua Air France va khaeh san eua Accor a cac chau luc Khaeh hang tham gia chuang trinh duoc huang chi d6 khaeh hang thuang xuyen, kh6ng phai lam thii tue xin lam hgi vien, dugc giam 20% gia thue phong khaeh san s6 Tac phim: D6i mai nhan thirc vl bg may t l chu'c can bg Tac gia : Bao CATP H6 CHi MINH Ngay XB : 4/6/1994 NguIn : C6ng an TPHCM S l : 403 89 Thi Igai : Bao chi So trang : 40 chin chinh viec thu thue va cac khoan nop ngan sach (kl ca le phi, tiln phat ) Viec doi h6i phai d6i mai va dua vao nen nep chi kl toan, kilm toan va tai chinh e6ng khai, che kiem tra, giam sat chi tieu c6ng quy, ngan chan te su dung tien eiia cai Nha nuoe Tac pham: Ke hoach 1.96 Tacgia:T.T.V Ngay XB : 5/18/1999 Ngu6n : C6ng an TPHCM Sl : 740 Thi Igai : Bao chi S6 trang : 11 41 Han dugc d6i xii' het sire tu' te, ea viec an u6ng cung duge chu cap vugt ngoai che quy dinh Co quan dieu tra thuc hien eae dgng tae kh6ng ngoai muc dich tran an va mu6n han tiet 16 nhiing dieu giir dau Tac pham: Ke hoach J.96 Tacgia:T.T.V Ngay XB : 5/4/1999 NguIn : C6ng an TPHCM Sl : 736 Thi Igai : Bao chi S6 trang : 11 42 Ong ta la nha kiln true nli danh a Thai Lan, chinh phii rit quy trgng, ban eho ong nhilu chi d6 dai ngg dac biet Nhung, duang nhu 6ng ta kh6ng hieu gi ve hoat dgng ciia c6 eon gai eo mau phieu du ay Tac gia : Hing Quan Ngay XB : 9/20/2000 NguIn : SGGP S l : 8337 Thi loai : Bao chi Sl trang: , , , , 45 Du thao eae van kien lin c6 n6i ve van de d6i mai che thi cir Day la van dl lan giao duc-dao tao Chiing ta se dii mai ehi thi cu theo huang ggn nhe va tan dung tii da kit qua thi tu tai nhu the nao Tae phim: Te nan dac biet Tac gia : Nam Tu Huyt Ngay XB : 6/1/1994 NguIn : Cong an TPHCM Sl : 411 Thi loai : Bao ehi So trang : , x ^ w ^ -• 46 ' Kh6ng chi lam dinh din het c6ng viec dat nuac, gop phan dang ke vao eai nguy CO tut hau cua xa hgi minh, no lam nan long quin chiing nhan dan, dua den suy giam nilm tin dii vai che d6 Tac pham' Voi vTnh "bli duang" giam dinh gao xuat khau Tae gia : L.D Ngay XB : 6/24/2000 Nauin : SGGP So : 8249 f " " • f h f r f ,™ng J l ^ ' l l cia Phan vien va ho,, dong cua c4c don vi Wc *upc Phaf^ien 471.1'trieu d6ng Tinh chung, FCC da hach toan khong dung chcdo ty 919,7 trieu d6ng Tac phim: Xe hai banh chay bing hoa long LPG Tac gia : Luang Thien Ngay XB : 11/21/2000 NguIn : SGGP Sl : 8399 90 The Igai : Bao chi Sl trang : 48 Nlu lly LPG khoi binh chira a dang va eho gian no xuing ap suit bing ap suat trai thi se kh6ng du luu lugng ga cung d p eho dgng ea a ehi d6 co tai Tac pham: Cac thiet bj eh6ng mit d p xe hai mai sang chi Tac gia : H.L Ngay XB : 2/24/1998 NguIn : C6ng an TPHCM Sl : 615 The Igai : Bao chi Sl trang : 11 49 Ong da thiet ke loai ghi ngii tir rit nhilu chile luai cau ca c6 nganh sic nhgn dugc b6 tri bi m^t duai tim dem bgc Nhung chile luai cau dugc gin vao mgt true va co the dat a chi d6 "chIng trgm^' va chi "an toan" V6 phuc cho nhung ten trgm nao ng6i vao ghe xe hai da gin thilt bi la chi co each tut hit quIn ma chay hoae ng6i im tren xe dgi canh sat din bit vi nhung chile luai cau se kh6ng bu6ng tha han Tac pham: Dien thoai di dgng tan gau Tae gia : C.T.V Ngay XB : 9/26/2000 ' ' NguIn : SGGP Sl : 8343 The Igai : Bao chi S6 trang : 50 Dua tren djeh vu tin nhan SMS dugc nang d p , tinh nang tan giu di dgng cho phep nguai sir dung gii'i va nhan tin nhan dien thoai dang a che d6 tan giu Nokia 3310 cung cho phep nguai sir dung nhan va giri tin nhan lien tue, thiet lap nhirng tin nhan chuan bang each cung cap cac template SMS dae biet nhu hinh mat eirai, cac hinh anh, tro chai mai Tac pham: Bao gia cac hgp tac xa mai dugc tham gia bao hiem xa hgi? Tac gia : THiiY^Hai Ngay XB : 7/4/2000 NguIn : SGGP Sl : 8259 Thi Igai : Bao chi So trang : Trang 51 Nhu vay, ca nuoe hien eo khoang 75 ngan lao dgng co kha nang tham gia che BHXH bat bugc, 126 ngan lao dgng co kha nang tham gia BHXH tu nguyen Tac phim: Tii' 1-10-2000 ap dung each tinh cuac dien thoai ngi hat mai Tac gia : Nguyen Nhat Ngay XB : 9/23/2000 NguIn : SGGP S l : 8340 Thi Igai : Bao ehi Sl trang : 53 Theo 6ng True, ca cac nuac tren the giai hien van tinh theo che d6 + 1, tham ehi mgt s l nuac vin ap dung 3+1, chi eo euoc qu6c te mai eo the tinh den don vj giay ac phim: Cu tuyin vao dai hgc, cao ding nam 2000 Tac gia : N.D Ngay XB : 8/7/2000 NguIn : SGGP S l : 8293 Thi loai : Bao chi S l trang: , , , , " - - 54 ' H6i ding se th6ng bao c6ng khai chi tieu du tuyen, chi dao, thu ho so va xet chon hoc sinh theo dung chi tieu dii tugng Nguai dugc ehgn vao dai hgc, cao dang theo chl_d6 cir myln duoc quy dinh: Hgc sinh la em cac dan tgc thieu so co hg 91 khau thuang tru tir ba nam tra len (tinh din 30-9 eua nam tuyin sinh), tai viing c6 dieu kien kinh te - xa hgi dae biet kho khan Tac pham: Che giam giu' d6i vai tre vi nien? Tac gia : L.G Thu Hiin Ngay XB : 8/1/1998 : NguIn : C6ng an TPHCM Sl : 660 The Igai : Bao ehi S6 trang : 55 Dieu 278 Bg luat t6 tung hinh sir quy djnh chi d6 chip hanh hinh phat tii dii vai nguoi ehua nien nhu sau: 1- Nguai chua nien pham tgi chip hanh hinh phat tii theo chi giam giir rieng phap luat quy dinh; kh6ng dugc giam chung nguai chua nien vai nguai nien Tac pham: Chan chinh va quan ly nganh in tai TPHCM Tac gia : Nhom phong vien van hoa xa hgi Ngay XB : 12/23/1997 NguIn : C6ng an TPHCM Sl : 602 The Igai : Bao chi S6 trang : 56 Do la nganh in theo luat dinh hien Nha nuac dge quyen quan ly va quan ly theo che dae doanh Neu eae nha quan ly dinh huang c6ng tac quan ly Nha nuac theo huong thi tat phai co nhii'ng bien phap quan ly phii hgp, neu thay rang kh6ng the nhu the thi phai lap tire trinh len Chinh phu, Qu6c hgi xin dieu chinh, sira d6i cac quy dinh cac dinh che eho phii hgp, vi chiing ta dang keu ggi s6ng theo luat phap ma Tac pham: T6i vo traeh nhiem Ngay XB : 3/30/1994 Tac gia : B.T NguIn : Cong an TPHCM Sl : 402 The Igai : Bao chi S6 trang : ' 57 Trong dai sing hien thuc ehiing ta tilp can hai each quan ly - cac ca sa qu6c doanh quan ly theo chi d6 tap trung dan chii; eon cac ca so tu doanh quan ly theo chi dge doan Ong ehii quylt dinh tit ca vi hg bilt cai gi can lam, cai gi chua hoae kh6ng d n lam nhu gia san phim, chi diu tu xay dung, mua thiet bi mai, cai tien day chuyen c6ng nghe Tac phim: Han QuIe anh huang tir su sup dl cua Daewoo Motor Tac gia : Minh Uyen Ngay XB :T 1/21/2000 NguIn : SGGP S l : 8399 Thi loai : Bao ehi Sl trang: ^ , , - , ^, ' Sir sup dd cua Daewoo Motor dat van de la giai quyet the nao doi vai cac to hap c6ng nghiep Han QuIc (chaebol) dang co van de, ve cac nganhang eho vay cua eae chaebol nay, va nin kinh tl Han QuIe dang h6i phuc tir cugc khung hoang chau a nam 1997 sebi anh huong nhu the nao ^ , , , , > -^-^- Vao thai ky thinh cua minh, Daewoo Motor chiem ITnh 1/4 thrtrugng ngi dia, va CO cho dirng virng chic a chau Au, iic va an Do Tac phim: Ngay mai (5-9), ca nuac khai giang nam hgc mai 2000-2001: Chuin bi gi truae han 22,5 trieu HSSV ca nuac den truang? Tac gia : T6 Dinh Tuan Ngay XB : 9/4/2000 ;: 92 NguIn : SGGP The Igai : Bao ehi S6 : 8321 S6 trang : 2 - Thua Thir truang, nam hgc 1999-2000, thi truang sach giao khoa (SGK) s6i dong tir dau thang Nhung nam hgc nay, din diu thang ma thi truang vin yen ang Tae pham: Gao Thai Lan xam nhap miin Tay Tac gia : Cao Phuong Ngay XB : 6/22/1999 NguIn : C6ng an TPHCM Sl : 750 The Igai : Bao chi S6 trang : Song, nganh n6ng nghiep cung nen xem xet lai qua trinh san xuit ve gilng, bao quan sau thu hoach va che bien de lam Viet Nam e6 nhilu loai gao phim d p cao va gia cang Khi ly, thi truang gao Viet Nam kh6ng eon ke dl gao Thai Lan xam nhap nira Tac pham: Dai Loan n6 lire day manh bu6n ban qua mang Internet Tac gia : Lam Vo Ngay XB : 8/28/2000 NguIn: SGGP Sl:8314 The Igai : Bao chi S6 trang : The nhung, hau het viec bu6n ban qua mang dien tir cua Dai Loan chi dien giira cac c6ng ty lan Cac xi nghiep nho va vii'a, chiem den 90% thi truang xuat khau hang dien tir ciia Dai Loan, lai khong the xam nhap vao thi truang nuac ngoai qua mang thong tin ehi phi dau tu qua cao Tac pham: Lang nam Long Khanh Tac gia : Do Tri Giang - Dire Long Ngay XB : 11/15/2000 Ngu6n : SGGP ^ S l : 8393 Thi Igai : Bao chi S6 trang : Gia kg nim tai meo kh6 20 ngan ding, thai diem cao nhat len tai 40 ngan ding Nim dugc san xuit bao nhieu thi truang tieu thu het bay nhieu Tac pham: Ong kh6ng 16 bi benh Tac gia : NamVu Huyt Ngay XB : 6/19/1999 NguIn : C6ng an TPHCM S l : 749 Thi loai : Bao chi Sl trang: 11 , , Thiet hai kh6ng rieng gi cho nuac Bi bai cac san pham "chung vu" deu bi thu hIi tren thi truang, ma eon cho chinh anh khing ll Coca Cola lau gan nhu lam ba chu thi truong nuac giai khat tren thi giai Thi la anh chang kh6ng 16 coi nhu dang bi benh Tac phim: Khong phai chuyen nho Tac gia : NAM TU HUyT Ngay XB : 6/15/1999 NguIn : Cong an TPHCM S l : 748 Thi loai : Bao chi Sl trang : 11 , , , , ' Tir bai hoc cua cac nuac Nam Tu Huyt mong rang cac co quan chuc nang cua nuac ta hay dat'luong tam va traeh nhiem cua minh len tren het, dirng de lung la^e, bo "ngai n6i" 'diii thung 16 tai ma cho nhap hoae kiem nghiem roi cho qua nhung thu 93 ma nuac nguai ta cam nhap de bao ve thi truang ngi dja, bao ve sire khoe nguai dan eo Nam tui Tae pham: COLUSA: Biet dua vao dgi ngu can bg ky thuat Tac gia : Dinh Phong Ngay XB : 9/14/2000 NguIn : SGGP Sl:8331 The Igai : Bao ehi S6 trang : cac can bg ky thuat ban phai tim each khie phuc sam bai nlu kh6ng se rat t6n kem cho viec thue chuyen gia ma lai kh6ng c6 san phim thi truang Truoc day xi nghiep cung co hai ky su gi6i nhung bi kinh tl thi truang 16i keo da dem theo mgt s6 c6ng nhan ve lam an a An Giang Kh6ng nghT ring mgt xi nghiep vai han 150 nguai lai kh6ng co mgt can bg trung d p ky thuat Tac pham: Champions League • Tac gia : Tiln Minh Ngay XB : 11/25/2000 Ngu6n : SGGP Sl : 8403 The Igai : Bao ehi So trang : 10 Tai Leeds United lai chap nhan tra hon 20 trieu USD cho Rio Ferdinand dii biet rang hg co the de dang mat cau thu neu uy ban chau Au lenh xoa bo thi truong chuyen nhugng? Tac pham: D6ng tien Iraq tang gia Tac gia : Minh Uyen Ngay XB : 9/30/2000 NguIn : SGGP Sl : 8347 Thi Igai : Bao chi S6 trang : 11 Ngay 29-9 nguai dan Iraq bit diu ban ding d6 la My de mua d6ng dinar cua dia phuang BBC 29-9 cho bilt tai cac thi truong chg den a Baghad 28-9, ding dinar cua Iraq da tang 10% trongkhi ding d6 la My giam 12 % Tac phim: Thi truang ehirng khoan Tac gia: Ngay XB : 11/18/2000 Ngu6n : SGGP S6 : 8396 Thi loai : Bao chi Sl trang : , , 12 ' K i t qua la cl philu cua cac c6ng ty e6ng nghe cao da tang gia tra lai va dan dau cac phien giao dich tai cac thi truang ehirng khoan ciia My Tac phim: D I CO CIU lai mat hang xuit khiu: Doanh nghiep d n h i trg Tac gia : Minh Hoa Ngay XB : 9/18/2000 NguIn : SGGP S6 : 8335 Thi loai : Bao chi Sl trang : , , •- u- - A ^ 13 ' Bane n6i luc cua minh, nhieu DN nganh det may da dau tu thiet bi va eong nghe hien dai san xuit cac san phim c6 chit lugng cao xuat khau true tiep vao eae thi truang kho tinh nhu Nhat, chau Au Tac phim: Gia diu Tac gia : NguIn : SGGP Thi loai : Bao chi mo tilp tue tang cao Ngay XB : 9/9/2000 Sl : 8326 S6 trang : 94 14 Ngay 7-9, gia diu mo tren cac thi truang quIc tl lai tilp tue tang, co nai len tai mu'c ky luc tii' 10 nam la 35,39 USD/thiing, bit chip tuyen bl cua Arap Xlut nuoe san xuat dau m6 hang dau the gioi, san sang ung hg viec cac vien ciia T I chire cac nuoe xuat khau dau mo (OPEC) tang san lugng khai thac Tac pham: N6i am anh ve d6ng d61a dau h6a Tac gia : Truang Hiing Ngay XB : 11/14/2000 NguIn : SGGP S l : 8392 S6 trang : The Igai : Bao chi 15 Them vao do, ciing voi da gia tang dan s6, nhirng cugc khiing hoang kinh tl tai chinh nhung nam gan day da de lai cho nhii'ng nuac - nhu Algeria, Indonesia, Nigeria Iran va Mexico - nhieu viec de lo giai quyet hon la ehi xai thieh Nhiing khoan tien thay vi bo vao cac thi truang tai chinh phuang Tay dugc diing vao viec tra ng nuac ngoai Ngay ea nhung nuac du gia nhu Arap Xeut, Kuweit, Qatar va UAE cung phai lo viec chinh d6n nen tai chinh nuac Tac pham: De co cau lai mat hang xuat khau: Doanh nghiep can h6 trg Tac gia : Minh Hoa Ngay XB : 9/18/2000 • NguIn : SGGP Sl : 8335 Thi Igai : Bao chi S6 trang : 16 Cac DN d n da dang hoa mat hang, chu trgng cac mat hang chii luc, ma rong thi truang mai ding thai giu vung eae thi truang truyen th6ng Tac phim: Noi am anh vl d6ng d61a dau hoa Tac gia : Truang Hiing Ngay XB : 11/14/2000 NguIn: SGGP Sl : 8392 Thi Igai : Bao ehi S6 trang: ^ 17 Cho dii thu nhap dii dao nam co the khien cho 11 nuac OPEC chi tieu thoai mai nhung sir anh huang cac thi truang vin va c6 phieu se chang eon dang kl nhu truoc nira vi ting vin tu ban hoa cac thi truang, nhu New Yort chang han da tang gip lin so vai nam 1981 Tac phim: Th6ng tin kinh te Tac gia : Thanh Tam Ngay XB : 9/16/2000 NguIn : SGGP S l : 8333 Thi loai : Bao chi Sl trang : , , , n • - u- - „ Gia vang thi gioi tilp tue giam Trong phien giao dich 11-9 tai cac ^njmong vang ehu chit tren thi giai la London, New York, Hong Kong, Pans va Zurich gia vang giao dgng a mire 270 - 273 USD/troy ounce, giam so vai gia vang trung binh tuin truae miic 274 USD/troy ounce Tae pham: "Mo vang" khIng 16 eua cl Ting thing F.Marcos bi phat hien Tac gia: Y.N Ngay XB : 3/2/1994 NguIn : Cong an TPHCM S6 : 398 '^ V i ^ ^ a t U n kho v ^ S ^ l l (gap lln s5 vang d ^ cua N ^ n hang Trung uong nuac Anh) da lam chin dgng t h i i i m g vang the gioi Mo dau la gia vang tai Wall Street bi sut mlt 400 USD/1kg! 95 Tac pham: Ngay lam viec thu' ky hgp thir 8, QuIc h6i khoa 10 Tac gia: N.N.-N.B Ngay XB : 11/22/2000 Ngu6n : SGGP Sl : 8400 The Igai : Bao chi Sl trang: 1,7 '• 2^, , '^';'^° ^.^ uT\\^^ ^^ '^'""^ -Ng^y^" Sinh Hiing, nhim hoan thien he thing phap luat ve kinh doanh bao hiem d6ng bo vai phap luat hien hanh, tao ca sa phap IV cho th truong bao hiem Viet Nam phat trien lanh manh va co hieu qua, nang cao hieu lire quan ly Nha nuoe dap iing yeu cau phat triln eua nin kinh tl, phii hap vai cac chuan muc qu6c te tien trinh hgi nhap nen viec ban hanh Luat Kinh doanh bao hiem la mgt doi hoi cap thiet Tac phim: LONDON - NEW YORK: Tuy hai ma mgt Tac gia : Minh Uyen Ngay XB : 11/18/2000 NguIn : SGGP Sl : 8396 The Igai : Bao chi Sl trang : 21 Nhieu c6ng ty luat a London da tang glp d6i tiln luang tra cho cac luat su mai truang nhung co nang lire xuit phat tir sire ep canh tranh vai New York Su biing no thuang mai tai chinh giua New York va London da khiln eho thi trucmg bit dgng san a ca hai noi phat trien chong mat Gia thue nha a London cao gin glp d6i so vai New York Mot so bieu hien ve phat trien nghia tir khac qua cac tii- diln ngu- van (ten tii' dien goi theo ten tac gia) CACH MANG L Hoang Phe I dt® Cugc bien doi xa hgi - chinh tri Ian va can ban, thirc hien bang viec lat mgt che xa hgi l6i th6i, lap nen mgt che xa hgi m6i, tien bg Cdch mgng xd hdi chii nghTa* Cdch mgng thdng Tdm ndm 1945^ 2, Cugc dau tranh nhIm thuc hien mgt cugc each mang xa hgi Tham gia cdch mgng Cdch mgng Id su nghiep ciia qudn chiing^ Qua trinh thay doi 16n va can ban theo huang tien bg mgt ITnh vue nao Cdch mgng khoa hgc - kT thudt* Cdch mgng tu tudng vd vdn hod* Mot cugc cdch mgng ngdnh vat li hgc^ (viet hoa) Cach mang thang Tam (noi tit) Thdi triu/c Cdch mgng / H ttThugc ve each mang, co tinh chat each mang Chinh quyen cdch mgng Van Tan dt Cg Cach menh I Cugc dau tranh cua giai cap bi ap biic diing len lat nen thong tri cua giai cap ap biic, pha va quan he san xuat eu, xay dung mgt che mai va tien bg Sir pha bo td chiic cu xau xa de dung nen mgt he thong mai tot dep Cdch mang vdn hod Le Van Due bt Sira-doi che-dg cu cho tot dep han hoae thay-the che-dg cu bang che-dg mai, nguai mai v6i v6-lirc Cdch-mgng tdn gdc, Idm cdch-mqng, cugc cdch-mgng, nhd cdch-mgng Nguyin Lan dt v I (H each: thay doi; mang: menh; dai song ciia nguai ta) Cuoc dau tranh cua giai cap bi ap bii'c nhlm lat nen thong tri ciia giai cap ap biic, pha va quan he san xuat cu, xay dung mgt che mai tien bg han Cdch mgng thdng Muai chieu sdng khap ndm chdu (HCM) Si( thay ddi Idn theo hudng tien bd mdt hay nhieu ngdnh hogt dgng xd hgi: Cdch mgng khoa hoc kT thudt; Cdch mgng vdn 96 hod /-11 Thugc ve each mang, eo tinh chat each mang Mat ngitdi cdch mgng bao gid cimg phdi trung thdnh, hdng hdi (HCM), Qudn dgi cdch mgng ciia nhdn ddn (Trgchinh) CAN C i r Hoang Phe / I dgtDua vao lam eg so de lap luan hoae hanh dgng Cdn cir vdo linh hinh md de chu truang Cdn cit diiu ciia hiep dinh / 11 dt« L Cai lam ch6 dua, lam ca sa de lap luan hoae hanh dgng Co dii cdn cit de tin Ket hum cd cdn cit9 Vung, khu vue lam eh6 dua cho cac hoat dgng chinh tri hoae quan su Cdn cit hgu cdn Cdn cit khdng qudn Khai Tri y-tua chac-chan Cdi ly-thuyet dy edn-cit a ddu? Vua Li Thdi-Td lay Luni'San Idm noi edn-eir I thugc cdn] Dao Van Tap ^ (ngng.) Cai goc de dua vao O Dira anh cdn-cit vdo ddu md noi vdy?^ (quan.) Vi-tri can ban De Thdm lay viing Yin-thi'lam cdn-cit de chdng qudn Phdp Van Tan y I dtNoi tap trung nhung phuang tien can thiet cho viec tien hanh chien tranh: Can eft hai quan; Can cu khong quan; Hai may bay dich khong tra ve can eft / II Nai tap trung mgt lire lugng san sang chien da'u can Xdy ditng mot cdn cit qudn 2- Chd difa ciia li ludn: Lay gi Idm cdn cit md noi nhit the? II dg Coi Id cho dita: Cdn cir vdo nguyen vgng ciia nhdn ddn md de chinh sdch Le Van Due ^ dgt Dua vao each chac-chan Tod cdn-cit vdo bdng-chitng cuthe md dinh tgi^ 2, dt Nai dua vao va tua Cdn-cit khong-qiidn; ddnh lay nai hiemveii Idm cdn-cd Nguyen Lan dt / I (H can: rl; cu': dua vao) L Dieu co the dua vao chae chan Cluing ta cd cdn cir de tin rdng ta dugc thiin nhiin mi ddi (PhVDdng) Noi tap trung nhitng phuang den cdn thiet cho viec tiin hdnh chien tranh: Cdn cit hdi qudn; Cdn cit khong qudn Nai tap trung mat lite titang sdn sdng chiin ddu: Bg dgi ta vdo Tdy-bdc md rgng cdn cit (NgTudn) / IL Dua vao; chieu theo Cdn cit vdo lugt hon nhdn vd gia dinh Thanh Nghi / L « Ch6 dung de nghi, de dau Tdt cd mdy bay deu tra ve cdn cit^ Can-eft hai-quan Can-eft khong-quan Can-eft eua mgt ly-luan / II dgtDua vao, ch6 ay Cdn-cd vdo ly-ludn chgt-che CAO D I E M Hoang Phe t O Ch6 cao han mat dat nhu go, d6i, nui, v.v.; diem cao Ddnh chiem mot cao diim^ Th6i dilm diln hoat dgng cao nhat, cang thang nhat Giam ditng dien gideao diem Gid cao diim giao thong Van Tan tt Noi gia tieu thu dien b mftc toi da Trong gia cao diim, den cd kem sdng mot chut Nguyin Lan eao diem, dt L (H dilm: dilm) Ch6 cao so v6i viing chung quanh Bd ddi ta chiem ITnh mdt cao diSm IL tt a miic dong diic nhatLuc tan gio lam viec la thai gian giao thong cao diem CHINH TRI Hoani Phe dt » Nhung vin de vj t6 chile va diSu khi& bo may nha nude , ™ n ^ , b" m « n l va vJ qu'an he chfnh thflc gma cac nu6c v « (no, ong quTo a,(dg chinh irCjlnh hinh chinh m irong nuacO Nhttng hoa, dong cua mo, I 97 giai cap mgt chinh dang, mgt tap doan xa hgi nhlm gianh hoae tri quygn dieu khien bg may nha nu6e (noi tdng quat) Dudng Idi chinh tri Hoat dgng chinh trUi Nhirng hieu biet vi muc dich, dudng Idi, nhiem vu dau tranh cua mot giai cap' mot chinh dang nham gianh hoae tri quy6n di6u khiln bo may nha nuac (noi tdng quat) Gido due V thirc chinh tri Vilng vdng vr~ chinh tri9 (thuang diing phu sau dt mgt so to hgp) Nhirng hoat dgng nhlm nang cao giac ngo chinh tri cho quan chiing td chiic quan chung thue hien mgt duang loi, nhirng nhiem vu chinh tri nhat dinh (noi khai quat) Cdng tdc chinh tri Cdn hg chinh trjQ (hoae tt.; kng.) Su kheo leo ddi xir de dat muc dich mong mudn Mot thdi rat chinh tri (t.) Khai Tri Viec thi-hanh cai ehu-quyen mgt nuac [thugc chinh2] Dao Van Tap Chi chung nhu'ng cai gl lien-quan den each sir-dung chii-quyen mgt qudc-gia viec chinh-tri; nhd chinh-tri Chinh-tri phgm: ngudi phgm tgi chinh-tri Chinh-tri hgc: khoa chuyen-khdo ve chinh-tri Chinh-tri gia: ngudi chiiven Idm viec chinh-tri Chinh-tri vien: nhdn vien lo viec chinh-tri Uy vien chinh-tri: x Chinh-iiy Chinh-tri vdn-ddng: x Chinh-vdn Van Tan - L dt ôã Quan he ciia mgt giai cap ddi vai mgt giai cap khac cugc dau tranh nhlm gianh dia vi thdng tri va chinh quyen nuac ® "Chinh tri hgc" noi tit Hgc tap chinh triO Cach hanh dgng kheo leo, hgp tinh the (thtue) Cdng tdc qudn cluing, phdi cd chinh tri^ H ttThugc ve eong tac dgng vien quan chiing dau tranh hay san xuat Cdng tdc chinh tri qudn ddi Le Van Dire « dt Viec thi hanh quyen tri nuac Lam chinh-tri^ Thugc ve chinh-tri Chinh-tri-gia, chinh-tri-phgm^ (R) Viec lira-dao, khon-kheo Lam viec, phdi cd chinh-tri: Thieii chinh-tri (thuc-thd)) Nguyin Lan dt ^ I (H chinh: viec nude; tri: siia sang) Toan bg nhirng hinh thiic, nhiem vu ngi dung hoat dgng ciia Nha nuac, cua su dau tranh giai cap Quan he giila chinh tri vd vdn nghe (Trg-chinh) Chinh tri hgc, ndi tdt: Hgc chinh tri-> IL • 1, Thugc vd chu truong dudng Idi cua mgt chinh dang Dudng Idi chinh tri diing thi nhitng viec khde mdi diing ditgc (HCM)^ Kheo leo, d6 thuyet phuc nguoi ta Ddng chi dy cd tdc phong rat chinh tri Thanh Nghj bt « Viec thi-hanh chii-quyen nu6c; ve viec ay» Chinhtri uy vien Hoat-dgng chinh-tri Chinh-tri thuang thirc DAN H o a n g Phe d dt ôã Ngudi sdng mgt khu vue dia If hoae hanh chinh, quan he vdi khu vue ay (ndi tdng quat) Ddn gidu nude mgnh Lam ddn mgt nude doc lap Thanh phd ddng ddn& Ngudi thudng thugc Idp ngudi dong dao nhat, quan he vdi bg phan cam quyen, bg phan lanh dao hoae quan dgi (ndi tdng quat) Ngitdi ddn thudng Di trdm Idn khong ddn ciing chiu, Khd vgn Idn ddn lieu cimg xong {cd.} Tinh qudn ddn^ (thudng kng.) Ngudi cung nghe nghiep, hoan canh, v.v., lam mgt lap ngudi rieng (ndi tdng quat; ham y coi thudng) Ddn tha Ddn buon Ddn ngu cu Khai Tri « Tieng ggi chung ngudi mgt nude, mgt xir Ddn ta, ddn tdy Van-lieu: Quan cd cdn, ddn khong voi Quan cd vdi, quan lgi quan sang Bac thi ddn, bdt-nhdn thi linh Ciia quan cd than, ciia ddn cd noc Quan nhdt thdi chi quan, dan vgn dgi chi ddn9 Ngudi d dudi quyen vua quan Quan bdt phien, ddn bdt nhieu Dao Van T a p « Ngudi d mgt dia-hat nao anh Id ddn mien bdc, tdi Id ddn mien nam, nhung chiing ta deu Id ddn Viet-nam cd^ Ngudi thudng, ddi ydi quan, vdi vua, vdi nha nude ddn vi qui, qudn vi khiiih; quan nhdt thdi chi quan, dan 98 vgn dgi chi ddn; quan can nhung ddn khong voi, quan co voi thi quan lgi quan di^ Quoc-iich vdo ddn Tdy; eo ddn Anh^ (luat.) Thugc ve dan-su (dv Hinh va Thuang) ddn-ludt V a n T a n dt « L Tu' diing de ggi chung nguofi mgt nuac Ddn Viet Nam^ Quan chiing dong dao gom co eong nhan, nong dan, nhan dan lao dgng mgt nuac CO che boe lgtfl> Quan chiing dong dao noi chung« Cong dan mgt dia phuang Ddn Hd Ngi^ Nhung nguoi thugc mot tang lap xa hgi Ddn cdy Le V a n Dire ^ dt Nguai mgt nude, mgt mien, mgt viing Ddn da den, ddn da vimg, ddn que0 Nguai thuang, khong chiic-phan nha-nuac An-ddn, luang-ddn; Hoi nao len vong xuong dii, Keu ddn ddn dg bdy-gid dg ddn^ Quoc-tich, tu-cach nguai dan mgt nixacVd ddn Tdy, ngitdi Phdp md ddn My^ Khong thugc nha-binh Ddn-si^t^ (Phap) Thugc ve dan-su, khong thugc hinh-su hay thuang-sir Ddndudt^ Nguai mgt giai Ddn ldng hdo, ddn ldng bep Nguyen L a n dt d Nguai mot nuoe Ddn Viet-nam; Nghieng minh nhitng vi ddn vi nitdc (NgCgTrit)^ Nguai mot dia phuang Ddn Hd-ngi; Ddn Nambg^ Quan chung dong dao noi chung Qudn vdi ddn nlut cd viri nitt/c (HCM); Di trdm Idn khong ddn cung chiu, kho vgn lan ddn lieu cung xong (HCM)