Lecture Principle of inventory and material management - Lecture 9

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Lecture Principle of inventory and material management - Lecture 9

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Lecture 9 - Materials Requirements Planning. There are two types of demand: independent and dependent. Independent demand is not related to the demand for any other product. For example, if a company makes wooden tables, the demand for the tables is independent. Master production schedule items are independent demand items.

Lecture 9 Materials Requirements Planning Books • Introduction to Materials Management, Sixth Edition, J. R. Tony Arnold, P.E., CFPIM, CIRM, Fleming  College, Emeritus, Stephen N. Chapman, Ph.D., CFPIM, North Carolina State University, Lloyd M.  Clive, P.E., CFPIM, Fleming College • Operations Management for Competitive Advantage, 11th Edition, by Chase, Jacobs, and Aquilano, 2005,  N.Y.: McGraw­Hill/Irwin • Operations Management, 11/E, Jay Heizer, Texas Lutheran University, Barry Render, Graduate School of  Business, Rollins College, Prentice Hall Objectives • • • • • Material Requirement Planning Nature of Demand Inputs to MRP Bill of Material Planned Orders Material Requirements Planning • • • Material Requirements Planning is a system to calculate  requirements for dependent demand items It establishes a schedule (priority plan) showing the  components required at each level of the assembly and, based  on lead times, calculates the time when these components will  be needed It is a system to avoid missing parts for the end item Material Requirements Planning Process • We need to determine – – – • What to order How much to order When to order This will involve – – – – Lead times Bills of material Inventory Status Planning data Nature of Demand • Two Types of Demand – Independent • • – Is not related to the demand for any other product and must be  forecast Master production schedule (MPS) items are independent  demand items Dependent • • Is directly related to other items or end items Such demand should be calculated and need not and should  not be forecast Nature of Demand Independent Demand (Forecast) Table Legs (4) Ends (2) Sides (2) Item #206 Item #433 Item #711 Top (1) Item #025 Hardware Dependent Demand Kit (1) (Calculated) Item #822 If you have an order for 23 Tables, what components would you need to produce them? Objectives of MRP • Two Major Objectives – Determine Requirements • • • • – What to order How much to order When to order When to schedule delivery Keep Priorities Current • It must be able to add and delete, expedite, delay, and  change orders based upon present priorities Linkages with Other Manufacturing Planning  and Control Functions Business Plan Production Plan Planning MPS MRP PC and Purchasing The MRP is driven by the MPS; it is concerned with the components needed to make the end items • The MRP in turn drives, or is input to, production control (PC) and purchasing • Execution Inputs to the  MRP System • MPS Inventory Status MRP Four Major Inputs: – Bill of Material – – – Planning Data Master Production  Schedule Inventory Records Planning Data Bills of Material Inputs to the  MRP System • Master Production Schedule (MPS) – • The MPS provides information on planned and scheduled  orders for end items (how much is wanted and when) Inventory Status – Inventory status provides information on what is already  available. Inventory records include the status of each item,  including amounts on order and on hand and the location Example from Pg. 88 Week Gross Reqts Proj Avail (75) Net Reqts Plan Order Rcpt Plan Order Rls 45 80 20 100 20 75 50 25 Example from Pg. 88 Week Gross Reqts Proj Avail (75) Net Reqts Plan Order Rcpt Plan Order Rls 75 50 25 45 80 20 100 20 60 100 Example from Pg. 90 (87 3rd Ed.) Week Gross Reqts Sched Receipts Proj Avail (150) Net Reqts Plan Order Rcpt Plan Order Rls 50 250 200 100 50 Example from Pg. 90 Week Gross Reqts Sched Receipts Proj Avail (150) Net Reqts Plan Order Rcpt Plan Order Rls 50 250 200 50 100 50 100 50 200 Example from Pg. 90 Week Gross Reqts Sched Receipts Proj Avail (150) Net Reqts Plan Order Rcpt Plan Order Rls 50 250 200 50 100 50 150 50 200 100 100 Example from Pg. 90 Week Gross Reqts Sched Receipts Proj Avail (150) Net Reqts Plan Order Rcpt Plan Order Rls 50 250 200 50 100 50 150 50 200 100 100 200 Release the order for 200 units Using the Material Requirements Plan • The computer can perform all calculations and create  planned order releases, but it does not (usually) issue  purchase or manufacturing orders or reschedule open  orders. Computer software can create exception  messages and suggest types of action Using the Material Requirements Plan • On the basis of action and exception messages, the  planner can release planned orders, reschedule existing  orders in or out, or change quantities. In addition, the  planner works with other planners, master production  schedulers, production activity control, and purchasing  to solve problems as they arise The Basic Responsibilities of a Planner – – – Launch (release) orders to purchasing or manufacturing Reschedule due dates of open (existing) orders as  required Reconcile errors and try to find their cause The Basic Responsibilities of a Planner – – Address critical material shortages by expediting or re­ planning Coordinate with other planners, master production  schedulers, production activity control, and purchasing  to resolve problems Material Planner’s 3 Types of Orders – – Planned orders ­ calculated and controlled by the  software Released orders ­ scheduled receipts; releasing is the  responsibility of the planner Material Planner’s 3 Types of Orders – Firm planned orders ­ the planner tells the computer  that the order is not to be changed; the planner uses firm  planned orders to override the software in terms of  quantity, time, or both. When re­planning, the software  will not change the planner’s decision Managing the Material Requirements Plan The planner must consider three important factors when  managing the MRP: – – Priority ­ refers to maintaining the correct due dates by  constantly evaluating the true due­date need for released orders  and, if necessary, expediting or de­expediting Bottom­up Re­planning ­ Action to correct for changed  conditions should occur as low in the product structure as  possible Managing the Material Requirements Plan The planner must consider three important factors when  managing the MRP: – Reducing System Nervousness ­ Requirements can change  rapidly and by small amounts. The planner must judge whether  the changes are important enough to react to and whether an  order should be released End of Lecture 9 ... Computers are needed because they are fast , accurate,? ?and? ?have the  ability to store? ?and? ?manipulate data? ?and? ?produce information rapidly Bills? ?of? ?Material Bill? ?of? ?Material “a listing? ?of? ?all the subassemblies, intermediates, parts,? ?and? ?raw materials ... available.? ?Inventory? ?records include the status? ?of? ?each item,  including amounts on order? ?and? ?on hand? ?and? ?the location Inputs to the  MRP System • Bills? ?of? ?Material – • Planning Data – • Bills? ?of? ?material? ?describe components? ?and? ?the quantity? ?of? ?each needed to ... Items can be both parents? ?of? ?components? ?and? ?components? ?of? ? other parents Bills? ?of? ?Material • Low­Level Coding? ?and? ?Netting ­ A component may reside on  more than one level in a bill? ?of? ?material – – – The low­level code is the lowest level on which a part resides in all bills 

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Mục lục

  • Slide 1

  • Objectives

  • Material Requirements Planning

  • Material Requirements Planning Process

  • Nature of Demand

  • Nature of Demand

  • Objectives of MRP

  • Slide 8

  • Inputs to the MRP System

  • Inputs to the MRP System

  • Inputs to the MRP System

  • Bills of Material

  • Bills of Material

  • Bills of Material

  • Bills of Material

  • Bills of Material

  • Bills of Material

  • Bills of Material

  • BOM Example

  • BOM Example

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