Lecture 5 - Master product scheduling. After production planning, the next step in the manufacturing planning and control process is to prepare a master production schedule. This chapter examines some basic considerations in making and managing an MPS. It is an extremely important planning tool and forms the basis for communication between sales and manufacturing.
Lecture 5 Master Product Scheduling Books • Introduction to Materials Management, Sixth Edition, J. R. Tony Arnold, P.E., CFPIM, CIRM, Fleming College, Emeritus, Stephen N. Chapman, Ph.D., CFPIM, North Carolina State University, Lloyd M. Clive, P.E., CFPIM, Fleming College • Operations Management for Competitive Advantage, 11th Edition, by Chase, Jacobs, and Aquilano, 2005, N.Y.: McGrawHill/Irwin Objectives • • • Master product scheduling Round cut capacity planning Planning horizons Purpose • • The master production schedule states the requirements for individual end items by date and quantity. It is limited by the production plan and must “disaggregate” the production plan Master planning seeks to plan and control the impact of independent demand on material and capacity Purpose • The master production schedule is a vital link between sales and production – It makes possible valid order promises – It represents a contract between sales and production Inputs • Inputs to the master production schedule include – The production plan – The forecast – Orders from customers – Additional independent demand – Inventory levels – Capacity constraints Objectives • The objectives of a master production schedule are to – Maintain the desired level of customer service – Make the best use of resources – Keep inventories at the desired level Preparing an MPS • • • Make a preliminary MPS Perform roughcut capacity planning Resolve differences Roughcut Capacity Planning • • • Roughcut capacity planning checks whether critical resources are available to support the preliminary master schedule A resource bill shows the time required for individual items on a critical resource What are some possible critical resources? Resolving Differences • • The third step in developing an MPS is to resolve any differences between the priority plan and available capacity. Available capacity must be equal to or greater than required capacity If required capacity exceeds available capacity – Capacity must be increased or Plan must be altered How can capacity be increased or demand be decreased? – • Resolving Differences • The master production schedule must be judged by three criteria – – – Resources use. Is the MPS within capacity restraints in each period of the plan? Does it make the best use of resources? Customer service. Will due dates be met and will delivery performances be acceptable? Cost. Is the plan economical, or will excess cost be incurred for overtime, subcontracting, expediting, or transportation? Objectives of MPS • • • Determine the quantity and timing of completion of end items over a shortrange planning horizon Schedule end items (finished goods and parts shipped as end items) to be completed promptly and when promised to the customer Avoid overloading or underloading the production facility so that production capacity is efficiently utilized and low production costs result. Time Fences ● The rules for scheduling 12 weeks No Change Frozen 24 weeks 46 weeks 6+ weeks +/ 5% +/ 10% +/ 20% Change Change Change Firm Full Open Time Fences • The rules for scheduling: – Do not change orders in the frozen zone – Do not exceed the agreed on percentage changes when modifying orders in the other zones – Try to level load as much as possible – Do not exceed the capacity of the system when promising orders – If an order must be pulled into level load, pull it into the earliest possible week without missing the promise Developing an MPS • • • Using input information – Customer orders (end items quantity, due dates) – Forecasts (end items quantity, due dates) – Inventory status (balances, planned receipts) – Production capacity (output rates, planned downtime) Schedulers place orders in the earliest available open slot of the MPS . . more Developing an MPS • Schedulers must: – estimate the total demand for products from all sources – assign orders to production slots – make delivery promises to customers, and – make the detailed calculations for the MPS Example: Master Production Scheduling Arizona Instruments produces bar code scanners for consumers and other manufacturers on a produceto stock basis. The production planner is developing an MPS for scanners for the next 6 weeks The minimum lot size is 1,500 scanners, and the safety stock level is 400 scanners. There are currently 1,120 scanners in inventory. The estimates of demand for scanners in the next 6 weeks are shown on the next slide Example: Master Production Scheduling • Demand Estimates WEEK CUSTOMERS 500 1000 500 200 700 1000 BRANCH WAREHOUSES 200 300 400 500 300 200 MARKET RESEARCH PRODUCTION RESEARCH 50 0 10 10 0 0 Example: Master Production Scheduling WEEK • Computations CUSTOMERS 500 1000 500 200 700 1000 BRANCH WAREHOUSES 200 300 400 500 300 200 MARKET RESEARCH 50 0 10 PRODUCTION RESEARCH 10 0 0 TOTAL DEMAND 710 1350 900 700 1010 1200 BEGINNING INVENTORY 1120 410 REQUIRED PRODUCTION ENDING INVENTORY 410 560 1160 460 1500 1500 560 1160 460 950 1500 1500 950 1250 Example: Master Production Scheduling • MPS for Bar Code Scanners WEEK SCANNER PRODUCTION 1500 1500 1500 1500 RoughCut Capacity Planning • • As orders are slotted in the MPS, the effects on the production work centers are checked Rough cut capacity planning identifies underloading or overloading of capacity Example: RoughCut Capacity Planning Texprint Company makes a line of computer printers on a producetostock basis for other computer manufacturers. Each printer requires an average of 24 laborhours. The plant uses a backlog of orders to allow a levelcapacity aggregate plan. This plan provides a weekly capacity of 5,000 laborhours Texprint’s roughdraft of an MPS for its printers is shown on the next slide. Does enough capacity exist to execute the MPS? If not, what changes do you recommend? Example: RoughCut Capacity Planning • RoughCut Capacity Analysis WEEK PRODUCTION LOAD CAPACITY UNDER or OVER LOAD TOTAL 100 200 200 250 280 1030 2400 4800 4800 6000 6720 24720 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 25000 2600 200 200 1000 1720 280 Example: RoughCut Capacity Planning • RoughCut Capacity Analysis – The plant is underloaded in the first 3 weeks (primarily week 1) and it is overloaded in the last 2 weeks of the schedule – Some of the production scheduled for week 4 and 5 should be moved to week 1 Demand Management • • • • • Review customer orders and promise shipment of orders as close to request date as possible Update MPS at least weekly work with Marketing to understand shifts in demand patterns Produce to order focus on incoming customer orders Produce to stock focus on maintaining finished goods levels Planning horizon must be as long as the longest lead time item End of Lecture 5 ... RESEARCH 50 0 10 PRODUCTION RESEARCH 10 0 0 TOTAL DEMAND 710 1 350 900 700 1010 1200 BEGINNING INVENTORY 1120 410 REQUIRED PRODUCTION ENDING INVENTORY 410 56 0 1160 460 150 0 150 0 56 0 1160 460 950 150 0... (primarily week 1)? ?and? ?it is overloaded in the last 2 weeks? ?of? ?the schedule – Some? ?of? ?the production scheduled for week 4? ?and? ?5? ? should be moved to week 1 Demand? ?Management • • • • • Review customer orders? ?and? ?promise shipment? ?of? ?... 460 150 0 150 0 56 0 1160 460 950 150 0 150 0 950 1 250 Example: Master Production Scheduling • MPS for Bar Code Scanners WEEK SCANNER PRODUCTION 150 0 150 0 150 0 150 0 RoughCut Capacity Planning • •