Unit 4 caring for those in need

UNIT 4: CARING FOR THOSE IN NEED QUAN TÂM ĐẾN NHỮNG NGƯỜI CẦN GIÚP ĐỠ) A VOCABULARY New words access /ˈækses/ (v) Meaning tiếp cận, sử dụng Picture Example We had limited access to education and healthcare Khả tiếp cận dịch vụ chăm sóc sức khỏe giáo dục chúng tơi bị hạn chế barrier /ˈbỉriə(r)/ (n) rào chướng vật cản, ngại Barriers should be removed to create an inclusive society for all Nên phá bỏ rào cản để tạo xã hội chung cho tất người blind /blaɪnd/ (adj) campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ (n) mù, khơng nhìn thấy chiến dịch He has been blind since birth Cậu bị khiếm thị từ sinh These students at Le Loi School want to join the campaign Những học sinh trường Lê Lợi muốn tham gia chiến dịch charity hội từ thiện /ˈtʃærəti/ (n) Local charities will send them some Christmas gifts Hội từ thiện địa phương gửi quà Giáng sinh đến họ cognitive /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ (adj) liên quan đến nhận thức People with cognitive impairments cannot learn quickly Những người bị suy giảm nhận thức tiếp thu nhanh coordination hợp tác /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃn/ (n) deaf /def/ (adj) There's coordination between these two organizations Có hợp tác hai tổ chức điếc, không nghe She has been partially deaf since birth Cô bị suy giảm phân thính lực từ sinh disability /ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti/ (n) ốm yếu, tàn tật We should help students with disabilities Chúng ta nên giúp đỡ học sinh khuyết tật discrimination phân biệt These children are facing /dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/ đối xử (n) discrimination and poverty disrespectful You shouldn't use disrespectful Những đứa trẻ đối mặt với nạn phân biệt đối xử nghèo đói thiếu tơn trọng /ˌdɪsrɪˈspektfl/ (n) language to talk about disabled people Bạn không nên sử dụng ngơn từ thiếu tơn trọng nói người khuyết tật donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ (v) quyên tặng góp, He decides to donate a large amount of money to charity Anh định quyên góp số tiền lớn để làm từ thiện dumb /dʌm/ (adj) câm, không nói He was struck dumb by what he had seen Anh nên lời trước cảnh tượng anh thấy fracture /ˈfræktʃə(r)/ (n) (chỗ) (xương) gãy He suffered multiple fractures in an accident Anh bị gãy xương nhiều nơi thể vụ tai nạn hearing /ˈhɪərɪŋ/ (n) thính nghe giác, It is believed that noise can be a cause of hearing loss Người ta tin tiếng ồn gây thính lực integrate /ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/ (v) hịa nhập, hội nhập We need to help the disabled children integrate in the community Chúng ta cần giúp trẻ em khuyết tật hòa nhập với cộng đồng mobility /məʊˈbɪləti/ (n) tính lưu động, di động This electric wheelchair given her greater mobility has Chiếc xe lớn điện giúp cô di chuyển thuận tiện physical thuộc He has coached children with /ˈfɪzɪkl/ (adj) thể, thể chất physical impairments who want to play soccer Anh dạy đứa trẻ muốn chơi bóng đá bị khiếm khuyết thể chất solution giải pháp, /səˈluːʃn/ (n) cách giải There is no solution to this serious problem Khơng có giải pháp cho vấn đề nghiêm trọng support (sự) ủng hộ, The purpose of this activity is to /səˈpɔːt/ (n, v) khuyến khích raise funds to support people in need and with disabilities Mục đích hoạt động gây quỹ ủng hộ người gặp khó khăn người khuyết tật talent /ˈtælənt/ (n) tài They discovered his hidden talent when he was four years old Họ phát tài tiềm ẩn anh anh bốn tuổi treat đối xử, đối /triːt/ (v) đãi, điều trị Children with disabilities should be treated equally Trẻ em khuyết tật nên đối xử bình đẳng unite /juˈnaɪt/ (v) thống nhất, đoàn kết think that this will unite people from different backgrounds and strengthen our community Tôi nghĩ điều đoàn kết người từ nhiều hoàn cảnh khác củng cố cộng đồng visual /ˈvɪʒuəl/ (adj) volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ (n, v) (thuộc về) thị giác, có liên quan đến thị giác người nguyện, nguyện tình tình We should help people with visual impairments Chúng ta nên giúp đỡ người bị suy giảm thị lực I volunteered at a special school when I was a collect student Tơi làm tình nguyện ngơi trường đặc biệt tơi cịn sinh viên B GRAMMAR The past simple tense (Thì khứ đơn) a Cấu trúc (Form) Affirmative (Khẳng định) S + V (past) (+ O) They went to the cinema last night Negative (Phủ định) S + did not/ didn't + V(bare - inf) (+ O) They didn't go to the cinema last night Interrogative (Nghi vấn) Did + S + V(bare-inf) (+ O)? Did they go to the cinema last night? b Cách dùng (Use) - Diễn tả hành động xảy kết thúc thời điểm xác định khứ (finished actions or events) E.g: I saw him at the airport yesterday (Hơm qua tơi nhìn thấy anh sân bay.) My aunt sent me a letter two days ago (Cách ngày cô gửi thư cho tôi.) - Diễn tả hành động lặp lặp lại khứ (repeated actions) E.g: I played soccer three times a week when I was at school (Lúc tơi cịn học tơi chơi bóng đá lần tuần.) She went to Paris twice last year (Năm ngối đến Pari lần.) - Diễn tả thói quen khứ (past habits) E.g: She visited her parents every Sunday (Vào Chủ nhật đến thăm bố mẹ.) We often went swimming every afternoon (Vào buổi chiều chúng tơi thường bơi.) - Diễn tả tình trạng hay tình khứ E.g: Did you have a car when you were young? (Có phải bạn có tơ bạn cịn trẻ không?) - Diễn tả chuỗi hành động xảy liên tiếp khứ (sequences of actions) E.g: He ran to the car, jumped in and raced off into the night (Anh ta chạy xe, nhảy vào lao vào đêm) c Các cụm từ thời gian (Time phrases) Một số cụm từ thời gian dùng khứ đơn: yesterday, last night/week/month/ year, etc., two days/ weeks/months ago, etc., in 2000, at that moment, then, suddenly, when The present perfect simple tense (Thì hồn thành) a Cấu trúc (Form) Affirmative (Khẳng định) S + have/ has + pp (past Negative (Phủ định) S + have/ has + not + pp + (O) Interrogative (Nghi van) Have/ Has + S + pp + (O)? She hasn't bought this house Has she bought this house? participle) + (O) She has bought this house b Cách dùng (use) - Diễn tả hành động xảy hoàn thành thời điểm không xác định khứ (actions completed at an unspecific time in the past) E.g: She has traveled around the world (Cô du lịch khắp giới.) - Diễn tả hành động hoàn thành kết (completed actions with a result in the present) E.g: Look! He has dyed his hair red (Nhìn kìa! Anh ta nhuộm tóc thành màu đỏ.) - Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu khứ tiếp tục đến (actions that started in the past and have continued until now) E.g: I have learnt/ learned English for 15 years (Tôi học tiếng Anh 15 năm rồi.) - Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm xác định khứ vào thời điểm nói hành động chưa hồn thành (actions at a specified time which are not complete at the time of speaking) → Cách dùng thường gặp với trạng từ thời gian this morning/ afternoon, E.g: I have read four books so far this morning - Diễn tả hành động lặp lại nhiều lần thời điểm tại, thường thấy từ kèm cách dùng sau: Several times/hours/days/weeks/months/years, etc E.g: I have watched this film several times  Note: - Sau cấu trúc so sánh ta dùng hồn thành It is the most interesting book that I have ever read - Sau cấu trúc: This/It is the first/second time, phải dùng hoàn thành This is the first time I have eaten this kind of food c Time phrases (Các cụm từ thời gian) Các từ/ cụm từ thời gian thường gặp như: - already (đã rồi), never (chưa bao giờ), ever (đã từng), yet (chưa), just (vừa mới), (cho đến bây giờ), recently (gần đây), lately (gần đây), - so far/ up to now/ up to present (cho tới bây giờ), in / over + the past/ last + thời gian: qua - for + khoảng thời gian (for days: khoảng ngày) - since + mốc thời gian: kể từ (since 2000: từ năm 2000) Nếu sau "since" mệnh đề mệnh đề trước since ta chia hồn thành cịn mệnh đề sau since chia khứ đơn E.g: I have taught English since I graduated from University * Vị trí trạng từ hồn thành: - already, never, ever, just: sau "have/ has" đứng trước động từ phân từ II - already: đứng cuối câu - yet: đứng cuối câu, thường sử dụng câu phủ định nghi vấn - so far, recently, lately, up to present, up to this moment, in/ over + the past/ last + thời gian: Có thể đứng đầu cuối câu E.g: have bought this house recently (Gần mua nhà này.) ■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences The students English last week A studies B to study Did you ride a bicycle A every day They A are The fisherman A to catch His brother B at this time B had B catch A Hung A had 10 He A swam C were D have C catching D caught C going D to go C go D didn't go C to play D plays C doing D.did C was D has C swims D swimming to England last year to school this morning We D tomorrow a big fish yesterday Tim A played C this morning lazy last week B go Did they D study ? A went A goes C studied B did goes basketball yesterday? B play our homework last night B does sad yesterday B is in the pool last Sunday B swim Bài 2: Are the underlined parts of the sentences right or wrong? Correct them where necessary Here's some news! Tim's closed his store I don't have my bike right now I've lent it to Alex Where has Richard gone to school as a child? Who has made the first TV? Corruption has become a big issue in Brazil His math book isn't here He's forgotten it at school My great grandfather has worked in a paper mill The internet has gone down so I can't send emails Elvis has been the singer who has sold many albums in the past Bài 3: Choose the best answer in brackets Actually I had supper with my brother (lately/ last night) I haven't seen Linda (for/ since) a long time How is she? What have you been doing (yesterday/ today)? It's ages (since/ ago) I last went to the cinema I've been trying to sell my car (for the last time/ for ages) I can't remember (how long/ when) I've had this car OK Bin hasn't been to London (when/ since) we went there last year I've written to Sally (last week/ recently) I've been living here (since/ for/ in) the end of last year 10 Have you eaten Chinese food (before/ already)? Bài 4: Fill in the blank using the following adverbs already never always yet ever for She is a cold, unfeeling woman, she has showed any affection her husband's death, Alex has become a cold-blooded woman Tim doesn't want to go to Paris as he has They have been engaged been there two months The young boy hasn't eaten his dinner I've since been a warm-hearted person And you? She has been laughing she saw that woman Bài 5: Put the verbs into the simple tense On Thursday, the children (1 talk) about a day out together in the country The next morning, they (2 go) to the country with their two dogs and (3 play) together Tim and David (4 have) some kites Some time later the dogs _ (5 be) not there, so they (6 call) them and (7 look) for them in the forest After half an hour the children (8 find) them and(9 take) them back Charlie (10 be) very happy to see them again At lunch time Mike (11 go) to the bikes and (12 fetch) the basket with some meat sandwiches Then they (13 play) football Mike and David (14 win) In the evening they (15 ride) home Bài 6: Choose the best answer in brackets (either the past simple or present perfect tense) Did you like the cartoon "Tom and Jerry"? I (did not see/ haven't seen) it yet Tom is a very close friend of mine We (know/ have known) each other for years Do you know what time Lisa (left/ has left) the office? You (were/have been) lateforworktoomanytimesthisyear If you're not careful, you will be sacked I (had/ have had) a few financial problems last year but this year things are getting better We had a foreign friend from Thailand who (never saw/ has never seen) the sea so we're taking him to a beach this weekend Since I started working here I (became/ have become) more experienced at dealing with problems I can't remember the last time I (went/ have been) to the cinema Bài 7: Put the verbs in the brackets into either the past simple or present perfect tense "How long have you lived here?" "I He lived in London for two years and then he (you/see) the moon last night? Shakespeare (write) a lot of plays (live) here since 2000." (go) to Edinburgh 5 My brother I (write) several books He has just finished his latest (not see) him for five years I wonder where he is He (not smoke) for one month He is trying to give it up He (compose) some pieces of music when he worked in New York "When (he/arrive)?""He arrived at o'clock." 10 I read his books when I was at school I 11 I can't go out because I 12 "I (not finish) my work yet (never/drink) wine" "Well, have some now!" 13 Here are your shoes I (just/clean) them 14 I left home at 9.00 a.m and I 15 I (enjoy) them very much (get) here at 8.00p.m (meet) him last May Bài 8: Rewrite the following sentences This is the first time he visited Ha Long Bay  He has She started working here last year  She has We began eating lunch when it started to rain  We have I last had my hair cut when she left me  I haven't The last time he met me was months ago  He hasn't It is a long time since we last met  We haven't When did you have this computer?  How long ? This is the first time I had such a delicious meal  I haven't I haven't gone to work for a month  The last 10 I haven't talked to him for days => It is ■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 9: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences Last month, the Youth Union A has launched B launched a campaign to help students with disabilities C was launched D was launching Lately, a gang of enterprising New Zealanders depression and mental health issues A has introduced B had introduced The boy ago C introduced D was introduced across the narrow canal in ten minutes to find himself out of danger several years A swum I an incredible scheme to raise awareness of B was swum C swam D had swam to help students at a special school twice since I finished grade 11 A have volunteered B had volunteered C was volunteering D volunteered It is now over seventy years since Lindbergh A has been flying B flew C had flown We won't go out before we A finish across the Atlantic D has flown the homework B will have finished C will finish D finished Although he was on the whole very suspicious of the project, Mr Hung A didn't promise B promised C has promised Even though Susan was totally opposed to the project, she opportunities for the local people A had agreed B agreed When he B was/was entering C was/was entered D was/would enter 11 Nam that it would increase job D would agree the National Institute for the Blind in Paris A was/entered A gave D hasn't promised C was agreed ten years old, he 10 In the past ten years, he to cooperate more than 100 bicycles to needy students in Central Vietnam B has given C has been given D has been giving the idea of giving sweaters and warm clothes to the poor just a couple of weeks ago, shortly after the beginning of the rainy season A came up with B comes up with C has come up with D was coming up with 12 In the past, health care in some rural areas of this country doctors and nurses A is provided B provided 13 Neither Mike nor his brothers A have never been C provides D was provided to school because their father teaches them at home B has ever been 14 Not until we difficulties by only a small number of C have ever been D ever went the school for children with disabilities how they overcome A had visited/have we known B visited/had we known C visited/did we know D have visited/did we know 15 Until now I more than 1000 stamps A collected B collect C am collecting D have collected Bài 10: Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions (A) The annual increase in the (B) world's population (C) has peaked at (D) about 88 million in the late 1980s (A) Overpopulation is (B) one of the main factors that leads to (C) poor, (D) illiteracy, and social evils The teacher (A) said that (B) about 10 children (C) need special help (D) in reading skills Youth Newspaper (A) donated book collections (B) to two (C) mountainous schools in (D) northern Vietnam lately Vina Capital Foundation's Heartbeat Vietnam (A) has performed 5,000 free heart (B) surgery for kids (C) across the country (D) for the last ten years A Hoi An-based charity organisation (A) gave free milk to (B) poor, ailing, and (C) disabled children in the central province of Quang Nam (D) on last Wednesday Although Marie Curie had (A) very little money (B) to live on, (C) but she went to Paris to realise her dream of (D) a scientific career Albert Einstein, (A) the father of modern physics, could not read until he (B) was eight, but that (C) hasn't stopped him (D) from becoming one of the greatest scientists of our time Bài 11: Put the verbs in the brackets into either the past simple or present perfect tense Tim: How many times (you/try) to pass your driving test? Mike: Three times so far When (you/go) to Ho Chi Minh City? You look different, (you/have) I (not/see) a haircut? David at all this week I don't even know where he is Tim: (you/speak) to Peter yet? Mike: Not yet When (you/start) I (move) your job? house three times in the last five years My sister (be) to New York three times and she's going again next month The US President (be) 10 He (visit) in our country last year this village three times in the last two years Bài 12: Put the verbs in the brackets into either the past simple or present perfect tense I (have) a problem with my computer yesterday We (already see) that movie, but I will go with you again if you want me to We (be) in Tim's room when the storm I He evening My father (begin) (not begin) my homework yet (not sleep) for three nights, even though he (never forget) my birthday They (travel) around the world last summer They (decide) this at a meeting some days ago (go) to bed early yesterday (You ever be) to New York? 10 I know Hanoi City well I (live) there for three years when I was a student 11 Michael does not have much money so he 12 We (have) a good time at the party last weekend 13 Look at that Someone 14 Emily (break) my motorbike (just finish) packing her bags 15 The plane 16 I (not buy) a car yet (land) ten minutes ago (do) all the housework Everything is clean now 17 When 18 We (Columbus discover) the New World? (not visit) him since last weekend 19 She feels great She (lose) five pounds since Christmas 20 The last time I (play) tennis was four years ago Bài 13: Fill in the blank using either the Present Perfect or the Simple Past Last week I (meet) an old lady called Brown She (be) eighty-two She (be) a beggar She (talk) to me and I (hear) the story of her entire life I (feel) so sad when she (finish) it that I almost (cry) As I (feel) sorry for her, I (give) Brown some money This morning something wonderful and amazing (happen) to me I Brown again, but, my goodness, she (be) different She told me the following (meet) Since you (give) me that money my life (change) completely With the money you (give) me I (buy) a lottery ticket and I (win) I (buy) myself a house where I'm living now I (just buy) some new clothes, a TV set you can't imagine how happy I am! I (be) so astonished that I couldn't even say a word I surprise! She had bought me a yellow Ferrari (follow) her and Bài 14: Put the verbs in the brackets into either the past simple or present perfect tense A: Did you like the movie "The Lord of the Rings?" B: I don't know I (see, never) Nam (arrive) in New York a week ago My best friend and I (know) week He is a fantastic writer He (write) he'll be as famous as Hemingway I (have, not) that movie each other for over fifteen years We still get together once a ten very creative short stories in the last year One day, this much fun since I (be) a kid Things (change) a great deal at this company When we first _ (start) working here three years ago, the company (have, only) ten employees Since then, we (expand) to include more than 2000 full-time workers I (tell) him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he (wander) the forest and (be) was bitten by a snake off into Listen Daniel, I don't care if you (miss) for work too many times You are fired! the bus this morning You (be) Mike is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see, never) ocean He should come with us to Miami 10 How sad! Mr David (dream) He (see, never) the ocean late the of going to California before he died, but he didn't make it 11 In the last hundred years, traveling (become) much easier and very comfortable In the 19th century, it (take) two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon The trip (be) very rough and often dangerous Things (change) a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours 12 John, I can't believe how much you (change) You (grow) at least a foot! 13 This tree (be) years ago since the last time I (see) planted by the settlers who (found) 14 This mountain (be, never) the top, but nobody (succeed, ever) trying to reach the summit you our city over four hundred climbed by anyone Several mountaineers (try) to reach The climb is extremely difficult and many people (die) 15 I (visit, never) Africa, but I (travel) to South America several times The last time I (go) to South America, I (visit) Brazil and Peru I (spend) two weeks in the Amazon, hiked for a week near Machu Picchu, and (fly) over the Nazca Lines  ... am collecting D have collected Bài 10: Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions (A) The annual increase in the (B)... OK Bin hasn't been to London (when/ since) we went there last year I've written to Sally (last week/ recently) I've been living here (since/ for/ in) the end of last year 10 Have you eaten Chinese... 10 Have you eaten Chinese food (before/ already)? Bài 4: Fill in the blank using the following adverbs already never always yet ever for She is a cold, unfeeling woman, she has showed any affection