Unit 1 luyện chuyên sâu ngữ pháp và bài tập tiếng anh 10 (HS)

Unit 1: Family life (Cuộc sống gia đình) A VOCABULARY New words breadwinner /ˈbredwɪnə(r)/ (n) chore /tʃɔː(r)/ (n) Meaning Picture người trụ cột in a family gia đình Đàn ơng thường trụ cột gia đình When I have done my chores, I việc nhà, will go to the market việc lặt vặt Khi tơi xong việc nhà chợ We should collaborate with this collaborate /kəˈlæbəreɪt/ company to develop the product cộng tác Chúng ta nên cộng tác với công (v) consider /kənˈsɪdər/ (v) ty để phát triển sản phẩm You should consider buying that xem xét, cân house nhắc Bạn nên cân nhắc mua ngơi nhà We agreed to contribute some contribute /kən ˈtrɪbjuːt/ money to charity đóng góp Chúng tơi đồng ý đóng góp (v) số tiền cho việc từ thiện divorce /dɪˈvɔːrs/ They got a divorce ly dị Họ ly dị (v) divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ I will divide the class into four chia, tách groups (v) Tôi chia lớp thành nhóm A large number of children are educate /ˈedʒukeɪt/ Example Men are often the breadwinner educated at home today giáo dục Ngày nhiều trẻ em (v) giáo dục nhà extended family gia đình lớn I like living in an extended /ɪkˌstendɪd gồm nhiều family ˈfỉməli/ hệ chung Tơi thích sống gia (n) sống đình nhiều hệ I’d like to buy a house, but my finances are in such a bad state finance /ˈfaɪnæns/ that I can’t afford to tài Tơi muốn mua ngơi nhà, (n) tài tơi tình trạng khơng đủ điều kiện để mua Buying a house often puts a financial burden /faɪˈnænʃəl ˈbɜːdən/ (n) large financial burden on young gánh nặng tài couples chính, tiền Việc mua nhà thường đặt gánh bạc nặng lớn tài cho cặp đôi trẻ There are two generations in my generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ (n) goods /ɡʊdz/ (n) hệ family Có hai hệ gia đình tơi We sold a lot of leather goods hàng hóa, Chúng tơi bán nhiều mặt sản phẩm hàng da I stopped at the grocery shop to grocery /ˈɡrəʊsəri/ buy some milk tạp hóa Tơi dừng lại cửa hàng tạp (n) heavy lifting /ˈhevi ˈlɪftɪŋ/ (n) hóa mua sữa This job required him to a lot mang vác of heavy lifting nặng Cơng việc địi hỏi anh phải mang vác nặng She is not the type of person to homemaker stay at home and be a /ˈhəʊmˌmeɪkə(r)/ người nội trợ homemaker (n) Cô kiểu người nhà làm nội trợ laundry /ˈlɔːndri/ I have to my laundry đồ giặt Tôi phải giặt đồ (n) nuclear family /ˌnjuːkliə ˈfæməli/ (n) gia đình nhỏ Americans gồm có nuclear families bố mẹ Người Mỹ thường sống chung gia đình nhỏ gồm bố sống mẹ I want to stay at home and nurture /ˈnɜːtʃə(r)/ nurture my children nuôi dưỡng Tôi muốn nhà ni dạy (v) You should have a positive positive /ˈpɑːzətɪv/ outlook on life tích cực Bạn nên có cách nhìn tích (adj) psychologist /saɪˈkɑːlədʒɪst/ (n) cực vào sống He wants to become an nhà tâm lí educational psychologist học Anh muốn trở thành nhà tâm lý giáo dục học sociable /ˈsoʊʃəbl/ He is a very sociable child hịa đồng Nó đứa bé hòa (adj) He’s ungrateful for all that I’ve ungrateful /ʌnˈɡreɪtfl/ often live in done vô ơn Anh ơn tất (adj) mà tơi làm This is a safe place for vulnerable dễ bị tổn /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ thương, dễ bị (adj) công vulnerable children Đây nơi an toàn cho đứa trẻ dễ bị tổn thương B GRAMMAR I PRESENT SIMPLE (THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN) Cấu trúc (Form) Affirmative (Khẳng định) S + V (s/es) + (O) Negative (Phủ định) Interrogative (Nghi vấn) S + do/does + not + V (bare- Do/ Does + S + V (bare-inf) inf) + (O) She does the housework She doesn’t every day + (O)? the Does she the housework housework every day every day? Cách dùng (Use) - Diễn tả thói quen hành động xảy thường xuyên (habits or regular actions) E.g: We visit our grandparents every Sunday (Chúng thường đến thăm ông bà vào ngày chủ nhật.) - Diễn tả tình huống/ việc mang tính chất lâu dài, bền vững (permanent situations) E.g: I come from Hanoi City - Diễn tả chân lý/ thật hiển nhiên (general truths and facts) E.g: Broken bones in adults don’t heal as fast as they in children (Xương bị gãy người lớn lâu lành trẻ em.) - Diễn tả lịch trình, thời gian biểu mang ý nghĩa tương lai (timetables: future sense) E.g: The train arrives at o’clock (Tàu hỏa đến lúc đúng.) - Diễn tả tình trạng, cảm xúc, suy nghĩ thời điểm Cách dùng thường dùng với động từ tình trạng (stative verbs) như: to know: biết to consider: xem xét to appear: to doubt: nghi ngờ to understand : hiểu to love: yêu to seem : dường to hope: hy vọng to suppose: cho to look: trông to think: cho to expect: mong đợi to wonder: tự hỏi to see: thấy to believe: tin to dislike: khơng thích to hate: ghét to like: thích to remember: nhớ to forget: quên to recognize: nhận to worship: thờ cúng To contain: chứa đựng to realize: nhận to taste: có vị/ nếm to smell: có mùi to sound: nghe to be: thì, là, E.g: I know the answer to this question (Tôi biết câu trả lời cho câu hỏi này.) - Đưa lời dẫn/ hướng dẫn (directions/ instructions) E.g: You turn left at the end of the road and then go straight (Bạn rẽ trái cuối đường sau thẳng.) Note: Chúng ta sử dụng do/ does đơn để nhấn mạnh hành động câu E.g: I like playing football (Tơi thích chơi bóng đá.) He does know quite a lot about technology (Anh ta biết nhiều công nghệ.) Trạng từ tần suất cụm trạng từ (Adverbs of frequency and adverbial phrases) Trong đơn thường có trạng từ kèm always, normal, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never, once/ twice a week, most of the time, every day, nowadays, these days, every now and then, etc Quy tắc thêm “s/ es” vào sau động từ a Động từ tận o, s, x, z, sh, ch: ta thêm “es” E.g: miss – misses watch – watches go - goes b Động từ tận “y” + Nếu trước “y” nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i) ta giữ nguyên “y” + “s” E.g: play-plays buy-buys stay-stays + Nếu trước “y” phụ âm ta đổi “ỵ” thành “i” + “es” E.g: fly-flies cry-cries study-studies c Các trường hợp cịn lại Các trường hợp khơng thuộc nhóm ta thêm “s” vào sau động từ E.g: work – works like – likes d Trường hợp đặc biệt: have - has remember- remembers Quy tắc phát âm “s/ es” Có cách phát âm động từ có “s/es”: - TH1: Nếu động từ có tận âm: /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/ ta phát âm /ɪz/ Thường có tận chữ sh, ce, s, z, ge, ch, x … E.g: watches /wɒtʃɪz/ washes /wɒʃɪz/ - TH2: Nếu động từ có tận phụ âm vô thanh: /ð/, /p/, /k/, /f/, /t/ phát âm /s/ E.g: cooks /kʊks/ stops /stɒps/ - TH3: Nếu động từ có tận nguyên âm phụ âm hữu cịn lại ta phát âm /z/ E.g: loves /lʌvz/ plays /pleɪz/ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN I Put the verbs into the correct form (present simple tense) Mr Nam often (teach) ………………… the dogs new tricks We always (throw) ………………… our litter in the bin The referee usually (stop) ………………… the game after 90 minutes The children (hurry) ………………… to open their gifts He (speak) ………………… English well II Make questions for the underlined part of the sentence Daisy goes to school from Monday to Saturday ……………………………………………………… My father has a cage in the garden ……………………………………………………… The children like dogs because they are nice ……………………………………………………… Kelly is never late ……………………………………………………… Mike’s new mountain bike costs £100 ……………………………………………………… III Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verbs in the box wake(s) up - open(s) - speak(s) - take(s) - do(es) - cause(s) - live(s) - play(s) - close(s) live(s) - drink(s) Nick ……………………………… baseball very well I never ……………………………… coffee The swimming pool ……………………………… at 8.00 in the morning It ……………………………… at 9.00 in the evening Bad driving ……………………………… many accidents My parents ……………………………… in a very small house The Olympic Games ……………………………… place every four years They are good students They always ……………………………… their homework My students ……………………………… a little French 10 I always ……………………………… early in the morning IV Fill in the blank with only ONE suitable word Mr John gets up very early (1) day He washes his face and takes a quick shower (2) the mornings His best friend, Bobby, also wakes up very early Mr John (3) the breakfast for both They both (4) like drinking milk but they love eating meat Then, Mr John (5) Bobby out to the park Mr John (6) a graphic designer He (7) an office worker He (8) from home He designs beautiful images for an advertising company He (9) lunch (10) half past twelve Then he (11) start work immediately He (12) with Bobby instead After Bobby’s favorite time, he starts work again and (13) in the evening They both (14) meat for dinner and rest in the front of the TV He always (15) his favorite TV show after dinner He never misses it They both go to bed late (16) night V Choose the best answer He …… trying to pass his driving test but fails every time A keeps B kept C is keeping D had kept He wonders why I never …… abroad by plane A has travelled B have been travelling C travel D will have travelled Kate …… her dog for a walk Her brother …… it A never takes/ always does B never doesn’t take/ always does C never take/ does always D never don’t take/ always (have) …… the car keys? - No A You have B Are you having C Have you D Do you have I suppose as we live in a very rural area, we are lucky that a train service actually …… here A takes B works C functions D operates II THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN) Cấu trúc (Form) Affirmative (Khẳng định) Negative (Phủ định) Interrogative (Nghi vấn) S + is/ am/ are + V-ing + S + is/am/are + not+ V-ing + Am/ Are/ Is + S + V-ing + (O) Mr Nam is driving to work (O) (O)? Mr Nam isn’t driving to Is Mr Nam driving to work? work Cách dùng (Use) - Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm nói xung quanh thời điểm nói (actions happening now/around now) E.g: He is writing a letter now (Bây anh viết thư.) - Diễn tả hành động/ tình mang tính chất tạm thời (temporary situations) E.g: I’m studying for my exam this week (Tôi học ôn cho kỳ thi tuần này.) - Diễn tả thay đổi vật, việc; thường dùng với động từ get/ become (changing situations) E.g: It’s getting darker (Trời trở nên tối hơn.) - Diễn tả việc xếp lên lịch từ trước (future arrangements) E.g: I’m going to the cinema on Monday (Tôi xem phim vào thứ hai.) - Diễn tả thói quen, việc lặp lặp lại gây phiền cho người khác, thường dùng với trạng từ always (annoying habits) E.g: Mary is always biting her nails (Mary cắn móng tay.) He is always watching TV without doing the homework (Cậu xem ti vi suốt mà không làm tập.) Time phrases (Các cụm từ thời gian) Một số cụm từ thời gian thường kèm tiếp diễn now, right now, currently, at present, today, this week, etc Quy tắc thêm “ing” sau động từ Thông thường ta cần cộng thêm “-ing” vào sau động từ Nhưng có số ý sau: a Với động từ - Tận MỘT chữ “e”, ta bỏ “e” thêm “-ing” E.g: write – writing type - typing cycle - cycling - Tận HAI CHỮ “e”, ta khơng bỏ “e” mà thêm “-ing” bình thường b Với dộng từ có âm tiết, tận phụ âm, trước nguyên âm , ta nhân đôi phụ âm cuối them “-ing” E.g: sit - sitting run - running put - putting - Note: Các trường hợp ngoại lệ: begin - beginning travel - travelling / traveling prefer - preferring permit - permitting c Với dộng từ tận “ie”, ta đổi “ie” thành “y” thêm “-ing” E.g: lie - lying die - dying BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN VI Put the verbs in the present continuous tense He (read) …………………… a book about American history at the moment Why ……………… you (laugh) ………………? What’s so funny? I can’t help you now I (work) …………………… Oh no! It (rain) …………………… again ……… you (watch) …………………… the TV or can I turn it off? Bill (learn) ………………… to drive at the moment His father (teach) …………… him Listen! The neighbors (have) …………………… an argument again Sally (wear) …………………… her new T-shirt today Robert! What ………… you (do) …………………… here? 10 I (not sleep) …………………… very well at the moment VII Choose the correct answer in the bracket Marie isn’t a Canadian I (believe/ am believing) she comes from France Look! Bin (jumps /is jumping) into the water I (think/ am thinking) you’re crazy! Don’t give Jenny any cheese She (hates/ is hating) it! I (go/ am going) to New York next Thursday Do you want to come? Once a week, I (go/ am going) to an English class at the college I (have/ am having) lunch in the cafeteria every day David is rich – he (drives/ is driving) a Mercedes You won’t find Tom at home right now He (studies/ is studying) in the library 10 It (snows/ is snowing) quite hard - perhaps we shouldn’t go out tonight VIII Put the verbs in the present simple tense or present continuous tense Emily lives and works in Paris but she (have) ………………… a holiday in England at the moment I wonder why the neighbor’s dog (bark) ………………… again Maybe there is a burglar! Ann (get) ………………… up at seven o’clock every morning Then she (go) ………………… to have a shower before breakfast Then she (drive) ………………… to the beach and stays all day She (not/ work) ………………… because she won the lottery last year Why (you/ learn) ………………… English this year? I (live) ………………… with my sister for two months because she is pregnant and I can help her What (you/wear) ………………… now? In that way, I will recognize you at the airport 10 Kate is in the kitchen and very stressed! She (cook) ………………… dinner for 30 people IX Put the verbs in the present simple tense or present continuous tense Where’s Tim? He (listen) ………………… to a new CD in his room Don’t forget to take your umbrella with you to London You know it always (rain) ………………… there 10 Emily (work) ………………… hard all day but she (not work) ………………… at the moment Look! That boy (run) ………………… after the bus He (want) ………………… to catch it He (speak) ………………… French so well because he (come) ………………… from France Look! The boss (come) ………………… We (meet) ………………… him in an hour and nothing is ready! ……… you usually (go) ………………… away for Christmas or ………… you (stay) ………………… at home? She (hold) ………………… some roses They (smell) ………………… lovely Look! It (snow) ………………… again It always (snow) ………………… in this country 10 Sally (swim) ………………… very well, but she (not run) ………………… very fast X Fill in the blank with only ONE suitable word Lisa and her friends (1) ………………… studying for their final exams They are very excited for this exam as it’ll be the last exam of the term They are studying Maths right (2) ………………… Mary (3) ………………… helping the others She is the top student in the class She is really good at Maths Emily is also good at Maths She (4) ………………… studying Maths She is (5) ………………… a book They (6) ………………… talking loudly, because they are at the library at the (7) ………………… Sally is (8) ………………… the net for extra exercises They are (9) ………………… to solve her exercises They are all (10) ………………… each other to pass the class with high marks BÀI TẬPTỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO XI Choose the correct answer in the bracket I have to change my shoes These (are killing/ kill) me I’m sure I have a blister I feel lost I’ve just finished a really good novel and now I (do not read/ am not reading) anything Coming to London for Christmas was a great idea I (love/ am loving) it here The company (is moving/ moves) its offices to a bigger building next month John (gives/ is giving) a lecture on social media at university every Wednesday You should come 11 Sally (always interrupts/ is always interrupting) me when I speak It’s so irritating Can you help me with this exercise or (are you being busy/ are you busy)? I (hate/ am hating) people who never really listen to what you saỵ XII Put the verbs in the correct form (present simple/ present continuous tense) I’m in New York because I (study) ………………… English at a language school At the moment Linda (lie) ………………… on the floor I usually (work) ………………… as a teacher I hate living in Hue City because it always (rain) ………………… there I am sorry I can’t hear what you (say) ………………… because everyone (talk) ………………… so loudly Jimmy (currently write) ………………… about his adventures (you want) ………………… to come over for dinner tonight? A famous company in this country (make) ………………… the delicious chocolate Look, I (have) ………………… two tickets for the film 10 Look, I (hold) ………………… two tickets for the film 11 Compaq (make) ………………… computers but it (not make) ………………… cars 12 At present, the yen (fall) ………………… against the dollar 13 Computers (become) ………………… more and more popular these days 14 Everyone (need) ………………… money It is very necessary 15 This milk (not taste) ………………… fresh 16 This afternoon I (see) ………………… my doctor about my health 17 How is your cold today? It (sound) ………………… slightly better than yesterday 18 He normally (read) ………………… all the Harry Potter books, but right now I (think) ………………… he (read) ………………… something else 19 It is strange that people (take) ………………… some movies so seriously 20 What (your brother, do) ………………… for a living? - Well he is a market consultant XIII Complete the sentence using the verbs in the box in the correct form enjoy prefer play work seem know interview wait talk finish I always ………………… badminton on Saturdays She ………………… her report now She will bring it into the office when it is complete My parents phoned me this morning They ………………… themselves in Hawaii 12 We ………………… to entertain our guests in a local restaurant rather than the canteen Although it is expensive, we can talk freely there I ………………… the answer to your problem Get a new computer “Where is Tim?” – “He ………………… for an important telephone call in his office.” I can’t make the meeting tomorrow I ………………… the applicants for the sales manager’s job My brother ………………… for a company which makes bathroom fittings Who ………………… to John? Is it the new secretary? 10 The new contract ………………… fine to me However, could you just check it through once more? XIV Put the verb in brackets in the correct form (present simple or present continuous) Next week, my friends and I (1 go) ………………… camping in the woods I (2 organize) ………………… the food, because I (3 like) ………………… cooking Tom (4 have) ………………… a big car with a trailer, so he (5 plan) ………………… the transportation Sam (6 bring) ………………… the tent He (7 go) ………………… camping every year, so he (8 have) ………………… a great tent and lots of other equipment My wife (9 think) ………………… we’re crazy She likes holidays in comfortable hotels, so she (10 take) ………………… a trip to Paris instead 13 14 ... lunch (10 ) half past twelve Then he (11 ) start work immediately He (12 ) with Bobby instead After Bobby’s favorite time, he starts work again and (13 ) in the evening They both (14 ) meat... the film 10 Look, I (hold) ………………… two tickets for the film 11 Compaq (make) ………………… computers but it (not make) ………………… cars 12 At present, the yen (fall) ………………… against the dollar 13 Computers... exercises They are (9) ………………… to solve her exercises They are all (10 ) ………………… each other to pass the class with high marks BÀI TẬPTỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO XI Choose the correct answer in the bracket