Unit 2 luyện chuyên sâu ngữ pháp và bài tập tiếng anh 10 (GV)

Unit YOUR BODY AND YOU - KEY (Bạn thể bạn)n thể bạn) thể bạn) thể bạn) bạn thể bạn)n) A VOCABULARY New words Meaning Pictures Example Acupuncture is one of the oldest acupuncture medical treatments in the world /ˈækjupʌŋktʃə(r)/ châm cứu Châm cứu (n) phương pháp điều trị bệnh cổ xưa giới addictive /əˈdɪktɪv/ Tobacco is highly addictive gây nghiện cao (adj) The disease affects both humans affect /əˈfekt/ ảnh hưởng (v) /ˈælədʒi/ (n) Căn bệnh ảnh hưởng đến người Treat minor ailments yourself bệnh tật Hãy tự chữa trị bệnh nhẹ (n) allergy and animals động vật ailment /ˈeɪlmənt/ Thuốc có tính chất gây nghiện dị ứng Hair and feathers can cause allergies Tóc lơng gây dị ứng The level of iron in her blood was blood /blʌd/ too low máu Hàm lượng sắt máu (n) thấp bone /bəʊn/ Unluckily, I have broken a bone xương Thật không may, bị gãy xương (n) boost /buːst/ đẩy mạnh, tăng cường (v) não, não (n) road accident Anh ta chết bị chấn thương não Doctors gave him oxygen to help thở (v) him breathe Các bác sỹ cung cấp ô xy cho để giúp thở cancer /ˈkænsə(r)/ nhuận tăng lên sau vụ tai nạn giao thông breathe /briːð/ Ngành dịch vụ đẩy mạnh lợi He died from brain injuries after a brain /breɪn/ The new service has boosted profits ung thư (n) She died of cancer Cô chết bệnh ung thư The circulatory system plays an important role in bringing oxygen to circulatory /ˌsɜːkjəˈleɪtəri/ (a) thuộc tuần all parts of the body hoàn Hệ tuần hồn đóng vai trị quan trọng việc cung cấp oxy cho toàn thể consume /kənˈsjuːm/ He consumed a large quantity of tiêu thụ, dùng Anh ta uống lượng rượu lớn (v) Many buildings were damaged in damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ phá hủy, làm the storm thiệt hại Nhiều tòa nhà bị phá hủy (v) trận bão diet /ˈdaɪət/ alcohol chế độ ăn uống Her diet isn’t very healthy Chế độ ăn uống cô ta không lành mạnh (n) Having a healthy diet can help to digestive /daɪˈdʒestɪv/ (thuộc) hóa (a) tiêu prevent digestive problems Có chế độ ăn uống lành mạnh giúp ngăn chặn vấn đề tiêu hóa Eating fatty food increases the risk disease /dɪˈziːz/ bệnh (n) (n) Ăn thực phẩm giàu chât béo làm tăng nguy mắc bệnh tim She finds it hard to express her emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/ of heart disease cảm xúc emotions Cô cảm thấy khó khăn để bày tỏ cảm xúc There’s no evidence to support her evidence /ˈevɪdəns/ chứng (n) hàn gắn, chữa (bệnh) (v) incredible /ɪnˈkredəbl/ Đó câu chuyện khó tin Lung cancer is one of the most phổi serious diseases Ung thư phổi bệnh nghiêm trọng muscle I think I may have injured a muscle bắp Tơi nghĩ tơi bị chấn thương bắp (n) Needles are used in this medical needle (n) bạn (n) /ˈniːdl/ Cái giúp chữa lành vết đứt That is an incredible story lung /ˈmʌsl/ This one will help to heal your cuts tin (adj) /lʌŋ/ Khơng có chứng ủng hộ câu chuyện cô heal /hiːl/ story kim treatment Những kim sử dụng phương pháp điều trị nerve /nɜːv/ Every nerve in her body was tense dây thần kinh căng (n) nervous /ˈnɜːrvəs/ lo lắng, căng I am nervous about the next exam thẳng Tôi lo lắng cho kỳ thi tới (adj) He began to lose his memory as he memory /ˈmeməri/ got older trí nhớ Ơng bắt đẩu trí nhớ (n) già originate /əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/ bắt nguồn, có nguồn gốc These fruits originated in Vietnam Những loại có nguồn gốc Việt Nam (v) poultry /ˈpəʊltri/ Mọi dây thần kinh người cô Eat plenty of fish and poultry gia cầm Hãy ăn nhiều cá thịt gia cầm (n) The function of the respiratory respiratory /rəˈspɪrətri/ (a) (thuộc) hấp hô system is to exchange two gases: oxygen and carbon dioxide Chức hệ hơ hấp trao đổi hai khí O2 CO2 B GRAMMAR I THE FUTURE SIMPLE WITH WILL AND BE GOING TO (THÌ TƯƠNG LAI VỚI WILL VA BE GOING TO) a The future simple with “will” * Cấu trúc (Form) Affirmative (Khẳng định) S + will + V (bare-inf) + (O) Negative (Phủ định) Interrogative (Nghi vấn) S + will + not + V (bare-inf) + Will + S + V (bare-inf) + (O) (O)? The shop will open in June The shop won’t open in June Will the shop open in (will = ‘ll) (won’t = will not) June? Note: Trong ngữ cảnh trang trọng ta dùng shall thay cho will với chủ ngữ I We E.g: Shall/ Will I see you before 10 o’clock? * Cách dùng (Use) - Diễn tả dự đốn khơng có (predictions) E.g: I think it will rain tomorrow (Tôi nghĩ ngày mai trời mưa.) - Diễn tả định thời thời điểm nói (decisions made at the moment of speaking) E.g: I will drink coffee, please (Tôi uống cà phê.) - Diễn tả lời yêu cẩu, đề nghị (requests and offers) E.g: Will you help me carry this suitcase, please? (Bạn làm ơn giúp mang va li nhé?)  a request E.g: Shall I make you a cup of tea? (Tôi pha cho bạn tách trà nhé?)  an offer - Diễn tả lời hứa (promises) E.g: I promise I will arrive on time (Tôi hứa đến giờ.) - Diễn tả lời từ chối với won’t (refusals) E.g: No, I won’t eat this kind of food (Khơng, tơi khơng ăn ăn này.) - Diễn tả việc thực tế xảy tương lai (future facts) E.g: The shop will open tomorrow (Cửa hàng mở cửa vào ngày mai.) * Time phrases (Các cụm từ thời gian) Chúng ta thường sử dụng với cụm từ thời gian tomorrow, next week/ month/ etc., in the future, when I’m older, later, soon, etc Note: Chúng ta thường sử dụng tương lai đơn với cụm từ I hope/ think/ expect/ etc từ probably/ perhaps E.g: Perhaps it will rain tomorrow b The future simple with “be going to” * Cấu trúc (Form) Affirmative (Khẳng định) Negative (Phủ định) Interrogative (Nghi vấn) S + is/ am/ are + going to + S + is/ am/ are + not + going Is/ Am/ Are + S + going to + V(bare-inf) + (O) to + V(bare-inf) + (O) V(bare-inf) + (O)? They are going to visit their They aren’t going to visit Are they going to visit their parents their parents parents? * Cách dùng (Use) - Diễn tả dự định, kế hoạch tương lai (future plans and intentions) E.g: I’m going to get married next year (Tôi dự định năm sau kết hơn.) - Diễn tả dự đốn có cứ, chứng (predictions based on present evidence) E.g: Bill is playing very well He isn’t going to lose this game (Bill chơi tốt Anh chắn không thua trận được.) E.g: Look at that tree! It is going to fall on your car! (Hãy nhìn vào đi! Nó đổ vào xe tơ bạn kìa.) BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN I Put the verbs into the correct form (future simple tense will) Tim, 16 years old, asked an ugly fortune teller about his future Here is what she told him: You (be) will be very happy You (get) will get a lot of money You (buy) will buy a beautiful house 4 Your friends (envy) will envy you You (meet) will meet a beautiful woman You (marry) will marry her You and your wife (travel) will travel around the world People (serve) will serve you They (not/ refuse) will not refuse to make you happy 10 But all this (happen/ only) will only happen when you are 70 years old II Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with the given words using “going to” future My father/ paint the room purple My brother/ ride a horse My father is going to paint the room My brother is going to ride a horse purple I/ learn the English alphabet You/ exercise? I am going to learn the English alphabet Are you going to exercise? They/ get married I/ have a big breakfast They are going to get married I’m going to have a big breakfast We/ have fun at the playground Mickey/ play computer games We are going to have fun at the Mickey is going to play computer games playground III Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct tense (the future simple ‘will’ or ‘going to’ future) John: Did you remember to bring that book I lent you? - Paul: Oh, sorry, I forgot again I (bring) will bring it tomorrow Sally: Do you know what to buy your sister for her birthday? - Tom: Yes I (buy) am going to buy her a book on gardening I don’t feel like going out this evening I (stay) am going to stay at home and watch TV Elizabeth: There’s someone at the door - Mark: I (go) will go and see who it is 5 David: Do you know that Mark (open) is going to open a shop in the center of town? Linda: Really? What type of shop? I’ve decided that I (look) am going to look for a new job The train is faster than the bus - OK, I (take) will take the train There’s a big traffic jam on the motorway to the stadium - OK, I (go) will go another way Do you know what to buy your dad for his birthday? - Yes, I (buy) am going to buy a watch 10 Did you bring my books? - Sorry, I forgot I (bring) will bring them tomorrow 11 There’s someone at the door - OK, I (open) will open it 12 My wife and I (start) are going to start a new business We’re planning to open an antiques shop II THE PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG) Cấu trúc (Form) Chủ động: S + V + O Bị động: S + be + PP (+ by + O) * Note: - TÂN NGỮ (O) câu chủ động làm CHỦ NGỮ câu bị động - ĐỘNG TỪ (V) câu chủ động chuyển thành “be + PP” Trong “be” chia theo chia theo chủ ngữ - CHỦ NGỮ (S) câu chủ động biến đổi thành tân ngữ có giới từ “bỵ” phía trước (by + O) E.g: Chủ động: My parents (S) will build (V) a house (O) next year  Bị động: A house (S) will be built (be PP) by my parents (by O) next year Các bước để chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động a Xác định S, V, O thời V câu chủ động b Lấy O câu chủ động làm S câu bị động c Lấy S câu chủ động làm O đặt sau by câu bị động d Biến đổi V câu chủ động thành PP (Past Participle) câu bị động e Thêm To be vào trước PP câu bị động (To be phải chia theo thời V câu chủ động chia theo số S câu bị động) - Trong câu bị động by + O đứng sau adverbs of place (trạng từ nơi chốn) đứng trước adverbs of time (trạng từ thời gian) - Trong câu bị động, bỏ: by people, by us, by them, by someone, by him, by her … đối tượng không xác định Cấu trúc câu bị động với Tenses (Thì) Hiện đơn Active (Chủ động) Passive (Bị động) S + V(s/es) + O S + is/am/are + PP (+ by + O) E.g: I my homework every  My homework is done every evening evening Hiện tiếp S + is/am/are + V-ing + O S + is/am/are + being + PP (+ by diễn + O) E.g He is reading books now  Books are being read (by him) now Quá khứ đơn S + V-ed/cột + O S + was/were + PP (+ by + O) E.g She wrote a letter yesterday  A letter was written (by her) yesterday Quá khứ tiếp S + was/were + V-ing + O diễn E.g They were doing housework at am yesterday S + was/were +being + PP (+ by the + O)  The housework was being done at am yesterday Hiện hoàn S + have/ has + PP + O thành S + have/ has + been + PP (+ by E.g: My parents have given me a + O) new computer  I have been given a new computer by my parents OR: A new computer has been given to me by my parents Hiện hoàn S + have/has + been + V-ing + O thành tiếp diễn S + have/has + been + being + E.g: Tim has been repairing the PP (+ by + O) roof for hours  The roof has been being repaired by Tim for hours Quá khứ hoàn S + had + PP + O thành S + had + been + PP (+ by + O) E.g: He had finished his homework  His homework had been before p.m yesterday Quá khứ hoàn S + had + been + V-ing + O thành tiếp diễn finished before p.m yesterday S + had + been + being + PP (+ E.g: I had been typing the letter for by + O) hours before you came yesterday  The letter had been being typed for hours before you came yesterday Tương lai đơn S + will + V (nguyên thể) + O S + will + be + PP (+ by + O) E.g: She will meet him tomorrow  He will be met tomorrow 10 Tương lai tiếp S + will + be + V-ing + O diễn S + will + be + being + PP (+ by E.g: She will be taking care of her + O) children at this time tomorrow  Her children will be being taken care of at this time tomorrow 11 Tương hoàn thành lai S + will + have + PP + O S + will + have + been + PP (+ E.g: They will have completed this by + O) house by the end of this year  This house will have been completed by the end of this year 12 Tương lai S + will + have + been + V-ing + O S + will + have + been + being + hoàn thành tiếp E.g: I will have been teaching PP (+ by + O) diễn English for years by next week  English will have been being taught by me for years by next week BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN IV Decide whether the following sentences belong to the active voice or passive voice I have never been to Paris (active voice/ passive voice) I have never been arrested (active voice/ passive voice) The tower was built in 1802 by a French Artist (active voice/ passive voice) Nothing happened (active voice/ passive voice) No one was injured by the fire (active voice/ passive voice) The award was given to the top student (active voice/ passive voice) We decided not to hire anyone (active voice/ passive voice) The pizza was delicious (active voice/ passive voice) The pizza was ordered (active voice/ passive voice) 10 The pizza made me sick (active voice/ passive voice) V Fill in the blank with the correct form of the passive voice The words (to explain - Present simple) are explained by the teacher My car (to steal - Past simple) was stolen while I was gardening A new restaurant (to open - Future simple) will be opened next week Our street (to close - Present continuous) is being closed because of snow A new house (to build - be going to) is going to be built by my parents next month VI Change the sentences into the passive voice by filling in the missing words People eat 40 million hamburgers every day  40 million hamburgers are eaten every day People speak English all over the world  English is spoken all over the world Where did they invent gun powder?  Where was gun powder invented? The police didn’t find the missing girl last weekend  The missing girl wasn’t found last weekend Tourists don’t visit this museum very often  This museum isn’t visited very often Workers are building a new fun park in town  A new fun park is being built in town When did they translate this book into English?  When was this book translated into English? Women send thousands of emails to the star every month  Thousands of emails are sent to the star every month Daisy brought me some fresh grapes  I was brought some fresh grapes by Daisy 10 Some dangerous looking men were following me the whole evening  I was being followed the whole evening by some dangerous looking men VII Change the sentences into the passive voice People speak Vietnamese in Vietnam Vietnamese is spoken in Vietnam The government is planning a new road near my house A new road is being planned near my house by the government My grandfather built this house in 1990 This house was built by my grandfather in 1990 Picasso was painting Guernica at that time Guernica was being painted by Picasso at that time The cleaner has cleaned the office The office has been cleaned by the cleaner He had written three books before 1867 Three books had been written before 1867 7 John will tell you later You will be told by John later Somebody did the work The work was done VIII Change the sentences into the active voice The children are helped by the policemen The policemen help the children A letter is being typed by the manager The manager is typing a letter Sally’s little brother will be looked after by her Sally will look after her little brother Our window was broken by the robber The robber broke our window The car has been cleaned by us We have cleaned the car I was offered a bike for my birthday by my parents My parents offered me a bike for my birthday IX Reorder the words to make a complete sentence in Thailand/ made/ cars/ are/? Are cars made in Thailand? to hospital/ been/ taken/ has/ she/? Has she been taken to hospital? fried/ the potatoes/ be/ can/ in ten minutes/? Can the potatoes be fried in ten minutes? for the exam/ be/ prepared/ the students/ will/? Will the students be prepared for the exam? tea/ when/ be/ served/ will/? When will tea be served? today/ being/ is/ lunch/ provided? Is lunch being provided today? given/ last week/ laptops/ were/ to them/? Were laptops given to them last week? the videos/ may/ be/ broadcasted/? May the videos be broadcasted? BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO X Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct tense The train (arrive) arrives at 12:30 We (have) are going to have dinner at a seaside restaurant on Sunday It (snow) will snow / is going to snow in Brighton tomorrow evening On Friday at o’clock I (meet) am meeting / am going to meet my friend John (fly) is flying to London on Monday morning Wait! I (drive) will drive you to the station The English lesson (start) starts at 8:45 Are you still writing your essay? If you (finish) finish by pm, we can go for a walk You’re carrying too much I (open) will open the door for you 10 Look at the clouds – it (rain) is going to rain in a few minutes XI Change the sentences into the passive voice by filling in the missing words Someone burgled my house while I was away  My house was burgled while I was away He started to leave before they had given him the directions  He started to leave before he had been given directions I went to the showroom but was informed that they had sold all the houses  I went to the showroom but was informed that all the houses had been sold They were still building the hotel when we stayed there  The hotel was still being built when we stayed there They sent my son home from school for being cheeky to the teachers  My son was sent home from school for being cheeky to the teachers My doctor prescribed me some medicine for my cough  I was prescribed some medicine for my cough They haven’t finished fixing my car yet They’re so slow!  My car hasn’t been fixed yet They’re so slow! I visited my home town last year, only to find that they’d demolished the house I’d grown up in  I visited my hometown last year, only to find that the house I’d grown up in had been demolished XII Change the sentences into the passive voice Tim collects money Money is collected by Tim Mai opened the window The window was opened by Mai We have done our homework Our homework has been done I will ask a question A question will be asked He can cut out the picture The picture can be cut out We not clean our rooms Our rooms are not cleaned David will not repair the car The car will not be repaired by David Did Sue draw this circle? Was this circle drawn by Sue? XIII Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice) You must either use the Simple Present or the Past Simple The Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty (1 give) was given to the United States by France It (2 be) was a present on the 100th anniversary of the United States The Statue of Liberty (3 design) was designed by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi It (4 complete) was completed in France in July 1884 In 350 pieces, the statue then (5 ship) was shipped to New York, where it (6 arrive) arrived on 17th June 1885 The pieces (7 put) were put together and the opening ceremony (8 take) took place on 28th October 1886 The Statue of Liberty (9 be) is 46m high (93m including the base) The statue (10 represent) represents the goddess of liberty She (11 hold) holds a torch in her right hand and a tablet in her left hand On the tablet, the date of the Declaration of Independence (4th July, 1776) can be seen Every year, the Statue of Liberty (12 visit) is visited by millions of people from all over the world  ... lose this game (Bill chơi tốt Anh chắn không thua trận được.) E.g: Look at that tree! It is going to fall on your car! (Hãy nhìn vào đi! Nó đổ vào xe tơ bạn kìa.) BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN I Put the... - TÂN NGỮ (O) câu chủ động làm CHỦ NGỮ câu bị động - ĐỘNG TỪ (V) câu chủ động chuyển thành “be + PP” Trong “be” chia theo chia theo chủ ngữ - CHỦ NGỮ (S) câu chủ động biến đổi thành tân ngữ có... Liberty The Statue of Liberty (1 give) was given to the United States by France It (2 be) was a present on the 100 th anniversary of the United States The Statue of Liberty (3 design) was designed