Unit 1 luyện chuyên sâu ngữ pháp và bài tập tiếng anh 10 (GV)

Unit 1: Family life (Cuộc sống gia đình) A VOCABULARY New words breadwinner /ˈbredwɪnə(r)/ (n) chore /tʃɔː(r)/ (n) Meaning Picture người trụ breadwinner in a family cột gia đình Đàn ông thường trụ cột gia đình When I have done my chores, việc nhà, I will go to the market việc lặt vặt Khi xong việc nhà tơi chợ We should collaborate with this company to develop the collaborate /kəˈlæbəreɪt/ product cộng tác Chúng ta nên cộng tác với (v) consider /kənˈsɪdər/ (v) công ty để phát triển sản phẩm You should consider buying xem xét, cân that house nhắc Bạn nên cân nhắc mua ngơi nhà We agreed to contribute some contribute /kən ˈtrɪbjuːt/ money to charity đóng góp Chúng tơi đồng ý đóng góp (v) số tiền cho việc từ thiện divorce /dɪˈvɔːrs/ They got a divorce ly dị Họ ly dị (v) divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ (v) educate Example Men are often the I will divide the class into four chia, tách groups giáo dục Tôi chia lớp thành nhóm A large number of children /ˈedʒukeɪt/ are educated at home today (v) Ngày nhiều trẻ em extended family gia đình lớn giáo dục nhà I like living in an extended /ɪkˌstendɪd gồm nhiều family ˈfỉməli/ hệ Tơi thích sống gia (n) chung sống đình nhiều hệ I’d like to buy a house, but my finances are in such a bad finance /ˈfaɪnæns/ state that I can’t afford to tài Tơi muốn mua ngơi nhà, (n) tài tơi tình trạng khơng đủ điều kiện để mua Buying a house often puts a financial burden /faɪˈnænʃəl ˈbɜːdən/ (n) large financial burden on gánh nặng young couples tài chính, Việc mua nhà thường đặt tiền bạc gánh nặng lớn tài cho cặp đôi trẻ There are two generations in generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ my family hệ Có hai hệ gia đình (n) goods /ɡʊdz/ (n) tơi We sold a lot of leather goods hàng hóa, Chúng tơi bán nhiều mặt sản phẩm hàng da I stopped at the grocery shop grocery /ˈɡrəʊsəri/ to buy some milk tạp hóa Tơi dừng lại cửa hàng (n) heavy lifting /ˈhevi ˈlɪftɪŋ/ (n) tạp hóa mua sữa This job required him to a mang vác lot of heavy lifting nặng Cơng việc địi hỏi anh phải mang vác nặng She is not the type of person homemaker /ˈhəʊm người nội ˌmeɪkə(r)/ trợ to stay at home and be a homemaker Cô kiểu người (n) nhà làm nội trợ laundry /ˈlɔːndri/ I have to my laundry đồ giặt Tơi phải giặt đồ (n) gia đình nuclear family nhỏ /ˌnjuːkliə gồm có bố ˈfỉməli/ mẹ (n) chung Americans often live in nuclear families Người Mỹ thường sống gia đình nhỏ gồm bố mẹ sống I want to stay at home and nurture /ˈnɜːtʃə(r)/ nurture my children nuôi dưỡng Tôi muốn nhà nuôi dạy (v) You should have a positive positive /ˈpɑːzətɪv/ outlook on life tích cực Bạn nên có cách nhìn tích (adj) psychologist /saɪˈkɑːlədʒɪst/ (n) cực vào sống He wants to become an nhà tâm lí educational psychologist học Anh muốn trở thành nhà tâm lý giáo dục học sociable /ˈsoʊʃəbl/ He is a very sociable child hòa đồng Nó đứa bé hịa (adj) He’s ungrateful for all that ungrateful /ʌnˈɡreɪtfl/ I’ve done vô ơn Anh khơng biết ơn tất (adj) mà tơi làm This is a safe place for vulnerable dễ bị tổn /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ thương, dễ (adj) bị công vulnerable children Đây nơi an toàn cho đứa trẻ dễ bị tổn thương B GRAMMAR I PRESENT SIMPLE (THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN) Cấu trúc (Form) Affirmative (Khẳng định) Negative (Phủ định) Interrogative (Nghi vấn) S + V (s/es) + (O) S + do/does + not + V Do/ Does + S + V (bare-inf) (bare- inf) + (O) She does the housework She doesn’t every day housework every day + (O)? the Does she the housework every day? Cách dùng (Use) - Diễn tả thói quen hành động xảy thường xuyên (habits or regular actions) E.g: We visit our grandparents every Sunday (Chúng thường đến thăm ông bà vào ngày chủ nhật.) - Diễn tả tình huống/ việc mang tính chất lâu dài, bền v ững (permanent situations) E.g: I come from Hanoi City - Diễn tả chân lý/ thật hiển nhiên (general truths and facts) E.g: Broken bones in adults don’t heal as fast as they in children (Xương bị gãy người lớn lâu lành trẻ em.) - Diễn tả lịch trình, thời gian biểu mang ý nghĩa tương lai (timetables: future sense) E.g: The train arrives at o’clock (Tàu hỏa đến lúc đúng.) - Diễn tả tình trạng, cảm xúc, suy nghĩ thời ểm hi ện Cách dùng th ường dùng với động từ tình trạng (stative verbs) như: to know: biết to understand : to suppose: cho to wonder: tự hỏi hiểu to consider: xem xét to love: yêu to look: trông to appear: to seem : dường to think: cho to doubt: nghi ngờ to hate: ghét to recognize:nhận to hope: hy vọng to like: thích to worship: to expect: mong đợi to see: thấy to believe: tin to dislike: khơng thích to remember: nhớ to forget: qn thờ To contain: chứa đựng to realize: nhận ra cúng to taste: có vị/ nếm to smell: có mùi to sound: nghe to be: thì, là, E.g: I know the answer to this question (Tôi biết câu trả lời cho câu hỏi này.) - Đưa lời dẫn/ hướng dẫn (directions/ instructions) E.g: You turn left at the end of the road and then go straight (Bạn rẽ trái cuối đường sau thẳng.) Note: Chúng ta sử dụng do/ does đơn để nhấn mạnh hành động câu E.g: I like playing football (Tơi thích chơi bóng đá.) He does know quite a lot about technology (Anh ta biết nhiều công nghệ.) Trạng từ tần suất cụm trạng từ (Adverbs of frequency and adverbial phrases) Trong đơn thường có trạng từ kèm always, normal, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never, once/ twice a week, most of the time, every day, nowadays, these days, every now and then, etc Quy tắc thêm “s/ es” vào sau động từ a Động từ tận o, s, x, z, sh, ch: ta thêm “es” E.g: miss – misses watch – watches go - goes b Động từ tận “y” + Nếu trước “y” nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i) ta giữ nguyên “y” + “s” E.g: play-plays buy-buys stay-stays + Nếu trước “y” phụ âm ta đổi “ỵ” thành “i” + “es” E.g: fly-flies cry-cries study-studies c Các trường hợp lại Các trường hợp khơng thuộc nhóm ta thêm “s” vào sau động từ E.g: work – works like – likes remember- remembers d Trường hợp đặc biệt: have - has Quy tắc phát âm đuôi “s/ es” Có cách phát âm động từ có “s/es”: - TH1: Nếu động từ có tận âm: /s/, /z/, / ʃ/, /t ʃ/, / ʒ/, /d ʒ/ ta phát âm /ɪz/ Thường có tận chữ sh, ce, s, z, ge, ch, x … E.g: watches /wɒtʃɪz/ washes /wɒʃɪz/ - TH2: Nếu động từ có tận phụ âm vơ thanh: / ð/, /p/, /k/, /f/, /t/ phát âm /s/ E.g: cooks /kʊks/ stops /stɒps/ - TH3: Nếu động từ có tận nguyên âm phụ âm h ữu l ại ta phát âm /z/ E.g: loves /lʌvz/ plays /pleɪz/ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN I Put the verbs into the correct form (present simple tense) Mr Nam often (teach) ………………… the dogs new tricks We always (throw) ………………… our litter in the bin The referee usually (stop) ………………… the game after 90 minutes The children (hurry) ………………… to open their gifts He (speak) ………………… English well II Make questions for the underlined part of the sentence Daisy goes to school from Monday to Saturday ……………………………………………………… My father has a cage in the garden ……………………………………………………… The children like dogs because they are nice ……………………………………………………… Kelly is never late ……………………………………………………… Mike’s new mountain bike costs £100 ……………………………………………………… III Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verbs in the box wake(s) up - open(s) - speak(s) - take(s) - do(es) - cause(s) - live(s) - play(s) - close(s) live(s) - drink(s) Nick ……………………………… baseball very well I never ……………………………… coffee The swimming pool ……………………………… at 8.00 in the morning It ……………………………… at 9.00 in the evening Bad driving ……………………………… many accidents My parents ……………………………… in a very small house The Olympic Games ……………………………… place every four years They are good students They always ……………………………… their homework My students ……………………………… a little French 10 I always ……………………………… early in the morning IV Fill in the blank with only ONE suitable word Mr John gets up very early (1) day He washes his face and takes a quick shower (2) the mornings His best friend, Bobby, also wakes up very early Mr John (3) the breakfast for both They both (4) like drinking milk but they love eating meat Then, Mr John (5) Bobby out to the park Mr John (6) a graphic designer He (7) an office worker He (8) from home He designs beautiful images for an advertising company He (9) lunch (10) half past twelve Then he (11) start work immediately He (12) with Bobby instead After Bobby’s favorite time, he starts work again and (13) in the evening They both (14) meat for dinner and rest in the front of the TV He always (15) his favorite TV show after dinner He never misses it They both go to bed late (16) night V Choose the best answer He …… trying to pass his driving test but fails every time A keeps B kept C is keeping He wonders why I never A has travelled D had kept …… abroad by plane B have been travelling C travel D will have travelled Kate …… her dog for a walk Her brother …… it A never takes/ always does B never doesn’t take/ always does C never take/ does always D never don’t take/ always (have) …… the car keys? - No A You have B Are you having C Have you D Do you have I suppose as we live in a very rural area, we are lucky that a train service actually …… here A takes B works C functions D operates II THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN) Cấu trúc (Form) Affirmative (Khẳng định) Negative (Phủ định) Interrogative (Nghi vấn) S + is/ am/ are + V-ing + S + is/am/are + not+ V-ing Am/ Are/ Is + S + V-ing + (O) Mr Nam is driving to work + (O) (O)? Mr Nam isn’t driving to Is Mr Nam driving to work? work Cách dùng (Use) - Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm nói xung quanh th ời ểm nói (actions happening now/around now) E.g: He is writing a letter now (Bây anh viết thư.) - Diễn tả hành động/ tình mang tính chất tạm thời (temporary situations) E.g: I’m studying for my exam this week (Tôi học ôn cho kỳ thi tuần này.) - Diễn tả thay đổi vật, việc; thường dùng với động từ get/ become (changing situations) E.g: It’s getting darker (Trời trở nên tối hơn.) - Diễn tả việc xếp lên lịch từ trước (future arrangements) E.g: I’m going to the cinema on Monday (Tôi xem phim vào thứ hai.) - Diễn tả thói quen, việc lặp lặp lại gây phiền cho người khác, th ường dùng v ới trạng từ always (annoying habits) E.g: Mary is always biting her nails (Mary ln cắn móng tay.) He is always watching TV without doing the homework (Cậu xem ti vi suốt mà không làm tập.) Time phrases (Các cụm từ thời gian) Một số cụm từ thời gian thường kèm ti ếp di ễn nh now, right now, currently, at present, today, this week, etc Quy tắc thêm “ing” sau động từ Thông thường ta cần cộng thêm “-ing” vào sau động từ Nhưng có m ột s ố ý sau: a Với động từ - Tận MỘT chữ “e”, ta bỏ “e” thêm “-ing” E.g: write – writing type - typing cycle - cycling - Tận HAI CHỮ “e”, ta khơng bỏ “e” mà thêm “-ing” bình th ường b Với dộng từ có âm tiết, tận phụ âm, trước m ột nguyên âm , ta nhân đôi phụ âm cuối them “-ing” E.g: sit - sitting run - running put - putting - Note: Các trường hợp ngoại lệ: begin - beginning travel - travelling / traveling prefer - preferring permit - permitting c Với dộng từ tận “ie”, ta đổi “ie” thành “y” thêm “-ing” E.g: lie - lying die - dying KEY BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN I Put the verbs into the correct form (present simple tense) Mr Nam often (teach) teaches the dogs new tricks We always (throw) throw our litter in the bin The referee usually (stop) stops the game after 90 minutes The children (hurry) hurry to open their gifts He (speak) speaks English well II Make questions for the underlined part of the sentence Daisy goes to school from Monday to Saturday When does Daisy go to school? My father has a cage in the garden What does your father have in the garden? The children like dogs because they are nice Why the children like dogs? Kelly is never late Who is never late? Mike’s new mountain bike costs £100 How much does Mike’s new mountain bike cost? III Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verbs in the box wake(s) up - open(s) - speak(s) - take(s) - do(es) - cause(s) - live(s) - play(s) - close(s) live(s) - drink(s) Nick plays baseball very well I never drink coffee The swimming pool opens at 8.00 in the morning It closes at 9.00 in the evening Bad driving causes many accidents My parents live in a very small house The Olympic Games take place every four years They are good students They always their homework My students speak a little French 10 I always wake up early in the morning 10 IV Fill in the blank with only ONE suitable word Mr John gets up very early (1) every day He washes his face and takes a quick shower (2) in the mornings His best friend, Bobby, also wakes up very early Mr John (3) makes the breakfast for both They both (4) don’t like drinking milk but they love eating meat Then, Mr John (5) takes Bobby out to the park Mr John (6) is a graphic designer He (7) isn’t an office worker He (8) works from home He designs beautiful images for an advertising company He (9) has lunch (10) at half past twelve Then he (11) doesn’t start work immediately He (12) plays with Bobby instead After Bobby’s favorite time, he starts work again and (13) finishes in the evening They both (14) eat meat for dinner and rest in the front of the TV He always (15) watches his favorite TV show after dinner He never misses it They both go to bed late (16) at night V Choose the best answer He …… trying to pass his driving test but fails every time A keeps B kept C is keeping He wonders why I never D had kept …… abroad by plane A has travelled B have been travelling C travel D will have travelled Kate …… her dog for a walk Her brother …… it A never takes/ always does B never doesn’t take/ always does C never take/ does always D never don’t take/ always (have) …… the car keys? - No A You have B Are you having C Have you D Do you have I suppose as we live in a very rural area, we are lucky that a train service actually …… here A takes B works C functions D operates VI Put the verbs in the present continuous tense He (read) is reading a book about American history at the moment Why are you (laugh) laughing? What’s so funny? I can’t help you now I (work) am working Oh no! It (rain) is raining again Are you (watch) watching the TV or can I turn it off? Bill (learn) is learning to drive at the moment His father (teach) is teaching him Listen! The neighbors (have) are having an argument again 11 Sally (wear) is wearing her new T-shirt today Robert! What are you (do) doing here? 10 I (not sleep) am not sleeping very well at the moment VII Choose the correct answer in the bracket Marie isn’t a Canadian I (believe/ am believing) she comes from France Look! Bin (jumps/ is jumping) into the water I (think/ am thinking) you’re crazy! Don’t give Jenny any cheese She (hates/ is hating) it! I (go/ am going) to New York next Thursday Do you want to come? Once a week, I (go/ am going) to an English class at the college I (have/ am having) lunch in the cafeteria every day David is rich – he (drives/ is driving) a Mercedes You won’t find Tom at home right now He (studies/ is studying) in the library 10 It (snows/ is snowing) quite hard - perhaps we shouldn’t go out tonight VIII Put the verbs in the present simple tense or present continuous tense Emily lives and works in Paris but she (have) is having a holiday in England at the moment I wonder why the neighbor’s dog (bark) is barking again Maybe there is a burglar! Ann (get) gets up at seven o’clock every morning Then she (go) goes to have a shower before breakfast Then she (drive) drives to the beach and stays all day She (not/ work) doesn’t work because she won the lottery last year Why (you/ learn) are you learning English this year? I (live) am living with my sister for two months because she is pregnant and I can help her What (you/wear) are you wearing now? In that way, I will recognize you at the airport 10 Kate is in the kitchen and very stressed! She (cook) is cooking dinner for 30 people IX Put the verbs in the present simple tense or present continuous tense Where’s Tim? He (listen) is listening to a new CD in his room Don’t forget to take your umbrella with you to London You know it always (rain) rains there 12 Emily (work) works hard all day but she (not work) isn’t working at the moment Look! That boy (run) is running after the bus He (want) wants to catch it He (speak) speaks French so well because he (come) comes from France Look! The boss (come) is coming We (meet) are meeting him in an hour and nothing is ready! Do you usually (go) go away for Christmas or you (stay) stay at home? She (hold) is holding some roses They (smell) smell lovely Look! It (snow) is snowing again It always (snow) snows in this country 10 Sally (swim) swims very well, but she (not run) doesn’t run very fast X Fill in the blank with only ONE suitable word Lisa and her friends (1) are studying for their final exams They are very excited for this exam as it’ll be the last exam of the term They are studying Maths right (2) now Mary (3) is helping the others She is the top student in the class She is really good at Maths Emily is also good at Maths She (4) isn’t studying Maths She is (5) reading a book They (6) aren’t talking loudly, because they are at the library at the (7) moment Sally is (8) surfing the net for extra exercises They are (9) trying to solve her exercises They are all (10) helping each other to pass the class with high marks BÀI TẬPTỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO XI Choose the correct answer in the bracket I have to change my shoes These (are killing/ kill) me I’m sure I have a blister I feel lost I’ve just finished a really good novel and now I (do not read/ am not reading) anything Coming to London for Christmas was a great idea I (love/ am loving) it here The company (is moving/ moves) its offices to a bigger building next month John (gives/ is giving) a lecture on social media at university every Wednesday You should come Sally (always interrupts/ is always interrupting) me when I speak It’s so irritating Can you help me with this exercise or (are you being busy/ are you busy)? I (hate/ am hating) people who never really listen to what you saỵ XII Put the verbs in the correct form (present simple/ present continuous tense) I’m in New York because I (study) am studying English at a language school 13 At the moment Linda (lie) is lying on the floor I usually (work) work as a teacher I hate living in Hue City because it always (rain) rains there I am sorry I can’t hear what you (say) are saying because everyone (talk) is talking so loudly Jimmy (currently write) is currently writing about his adventures (you want) Do you want to come over for dinner tonight? A famous company in this country (make) makes the delicious chocolate Look, I (have) have two tickets for the film 10 Look, I (hold) am holding two tickets for the film 11 Compaq (make) makes computers but it (not make) doesn’t make cars 12 At present, the yen (fall) is falling against the dollar 13 Computers (become) are becoming more and more popular these days 14 Everyone(need) needs money It is very necessary 15 This milk (not taste) doesn’t taste fresh 16 This afternoon I (see) am seeing my doctor about my health 17 How is your cold today? It (sound) sounds slightly better than yesterday 18 He normally (read) reads all the Harry Potter books, but right now I (think) think he (read) is reading something else 19 It is strange that people (take) take some movies so seriously 20 What (your brother, do) does your brother for a living? - Well he is a market consultant XIII Complete the sentence using the verbs in the box in the correct form enjoy prefer play work seem know interview wait talk finish I always play badminton on Saturdays She is finishing her report now She will bring it into the office when it is complete My parents phoned me this morning They are enjoying themselves in Hawaii We prefer to entertain our guests in a local restaurant rather than the canteen Although it is expensive, we can talk freely there I know the answer to your problem Get a new computer “Where is Tim?” – “He is waiting for an important telephone call in his office.” I can’t make the meeting tomorrow I am interviewing the applicants for the sales manager’s job 14 My brother works for a company which makes bathroom fittings Who is talking to John? Is it the new secretary? 10 The new contract seems fine to me However, could you just check it through once more? XIV Put the verb in brackets in the correct form (present simple or present continuous) Next week, my friends and I (1 go) are going camping in the woods I (2 organize) am organizing the food, because I (3 like) like cooking Tom (4 have) has a big car with a trailer, so he (5 plan) is planning the transportation Sam (6 bring) is bringing the tent He (7 go) goes camping every year, so he (8 have) has a great tent and lots of other equipment My wife (9 think) thinks we’re crazy She likes holidays in comfortable hotels, so she (10 take) is taking a trip to Paris instead 15 ... lunch (10 ) half past twelve Then he (11 ) start work immediately He (12 ) with Bobby instead After Bobby’s favorite time, he starts work again and (13 ) in the evening They both (14 ) meat... He (9) has lunch (10 ) at half past twelve Then he (11 ) doesn’t start work immediately He (12 ) plays with Bobby instead After Bobby’s favorite time, he starts work again and (13 ) finishes in the... film 10 Look, I (hold) am holding two tickets for the film 11 Compaq (make) makes computers but it (not make) doesn’t make cars 12 At present, the yen (fall) is falling against the dollar 13 Computers