REVIEW OF TENSES

REVIEW OF TENSES UNIT I GRAMMAR: REVIEW OF TENSES Present Continuous and Simple Present Present Continuous is used to: — talk about something which is in progress at the moment of speaking "Where are the children?" "They're playing in the garden." "What are you doing at the moment?" "I'm writing a letter." You can switch off the TV. I'm not watching it. Look, there's Sally. Who is she talking to? "Where is Margaret?" "She's having a bath." Let's go out now. It isn't raining any more, (at a party) Hello, Ann. Are you enjoying the party? — talk about something which is in progress around the present, but not necessarily at the moment of speaking She's looking for a job at the moment. Please don't take that book. Ann is reading it. Andrew is spending a lot of time in the library these days, as he's writing an article. Have you heard about Tom? He's building his own house. — talk about something which is in progress for a limited period around the present (temporary state, current situations) Robert is on holiday this week. He's staying with his sister in Bournemouth. "You're working hard today." "Yes, I have a lot to do." They are living in Hong Kong for the time being. I can't phone Peter. The phone isn't working. Dick is a student, but he's working as a barman during the holidays. — talk about situations which are changing or developing around the present Your children are growing up very quickly. Computers are becoming more and more important in our lives. The population of the world is rising very fast. — talk about planned future arrangements She's arriving at the airport tomorrow at noon. I'm having lunch with Helen tomorrow. We're spending next winter in Australia. We're leaving at ten o'clock on Friday. I'm meeting Janet later this evening. — express a habit, to talk about something that happens more often than is normal, (repeated actions with adverbs like always, forever, constantly and continually) It can express a pleasant habit. I like Peter. He's always smiling. He's always giving people things. However, there's usually an element of criticism. She's always grumbling. (I find it annoying.) You're forever losing things. (You lose things too often.) He's constantly complaining about something. The secretary is always phoning her friends during office hours. (She phones her friends too often.) It is also possible to say: The secretary always phones her friends during office hours. This is a more neutral comment and not necessarily a criticism. We put always, forever, constantly and continually before the main verb. Jenny is constantly (always, forever, continually) arguing with her father. — give a commentary on a performance or activity She's taking off her tracksuit and . Comment on the uses of the Present Continuous. 1. I'm always paying for your coffee. Why can't you pay for a change? 2. We're spending next winter in Australia. 3. Don't rush me. I'm working as fast as I can. 4. We're enjoying our holiday here very much. 5. Young people are becoming more and more politically aware these days. 6. Ben and Patty are in London on holiday. They are staying at a small hotel near Hyde Park. 7. I'm meeting Sue on Saturday evening. 8. You are constantly panicing, aren't you? Calm down. 9. Is he arriving tomorrow? 10. What are you drinking? It looks awful. 11. She is always helping people. 12. She is still waiting to see the boss. 13. He is always upsetting people by asking personal questions. 14. She is running 1,500 metres in the next Olympics. 15. What is Maria doing these days? — She is studying English at a school in London. 16. She is forever forgetting to lock the front door. 17. He's hurrying to catch his train. 18. Prices are rising all the time. Everything is getting more and more expensive. 19. Tom isn't playing football this season. He wants to concentrate on his studies. 20. Is your English getting better? 21. I'm having treatment on my bad back for a few weeks. 22. He's always lying. You can't believe a word he says. 23. Let's go out now. It isn't raining any more. 24. Please be quiet. I'm trying to concentrate. 25. My sister is very busy these days. She's writing an article. 26. I'm learning English at evening classes this year. 27. Jennifer's always losing her key. 28. Are you seeing Nigel tomorrow? 29. I'm living with friends until I find a place of my own. 30. You are spending a lot of money these days. Simple Present is used to: — talk about repeated actions or habits (habitual actions) I have a shower every morning. Most evenings my parents stay at home and watch TV. Do you go to the cinema very often? What time does Kate finish work? How often do you go to the dentist? In summer Tom usually plays tennis twice a week. Ann doesn't often drink coffee. — talk about situations which are permanent (continuing for a long time) Mr and Mrs Shaw live in Bristol. (That is their permanent home.) Barry works in a shop. She wears expensive clothes. — talk about general truths Summer follows spring. The River Amazon flows into the Atlantic Ocean. It rains a lot in Britain in March and April. — give instructions You turn left at the corner. First you weigh the ingredients. — tell a joke or a story, to describe the dramatic action of a play (dramatic use) The Englishman goes to the Irishman and says . — talk about fixed future events (timetables, calendar) Our plane leaves at nine. The course ends in two weeks. The World Cup begins tomorrow. What time does the film start? — make suggestions Why don't they go on a day-trip? Why don't you join us? — make commentaries Becker serves (подаёт мяч) to Lendl. — make observations and declarations I hope so. I love you. It says here that . Simple Present is also used with certain verbs not normally used in the continuous forms. These verbs are called stative. They refer to states rather than actions. These are the groups of verbs: 1. verbs of the mind and thinking: believe, think, consider, understand, suppose, expect, agree, know, remember, forget, doubt, mean, mind What do you think of that book? I believe you are the man I'm looking for. She knows now what she has done wrong. Paul doesn't mind if you use his car. Do you remember me now? I see the point. = I understand the point. He feels that he is right. = He is of the opinion that he is right. 2. verbs of emotion and feeling: like, dislike, hate, love, want, wish, prefer, care I like playing football. I hate getting up early in the morning. 3. verbs of the senses :see, smell, taste, hear I hear the sound of gun-fire. The cake smells good. The wine tastes sweet. 4. verbs of possession: have, possess, belong to, own I have two sisters. He owns a Rolls Royce. The book belongs to me. She doesn't possess a thing in the world. 5. certain other verbs: concern, depend on, include, need, owe,seem and others I need a bath. . That doesn't concern me. A newspaper costs about 20 p. Some of these verbs can be used in the continuous tenses when the verb expresses an activity, not a state. However the meaning changes slightly. Compare: I think it's a great idea, (think as opinion, i.e. a state) He's thinking of emigrating, (think as mental process, i.e.an activity) The soup tastes delicious, (a state) I'm tasting the soup to see if it needs more salt, (an activity) I expect you'd like something to eat. (expect meaning suppose) She's expecting a baby. (She's pregnant.) Jane has a car. (possession) The Browns are having dinner at the moment, (an activity), Some of the stative verbs can be used in the continuous form when they show that a process is taking place gradually or that a situation is temporary or unusual: I'm on holiday in Blackpool and I'm loving every minute of it. I'm slowly remembering all the details of the accident. You're being very silly. Comment on the uses of the Simple Present. 1. Nurses look after patients in hospitals. 2. Why don't you give up smoking? 3.1 am weighing myself. I weigh 65 kilos. 4. This coat belongs to you. 5. She drives to London once a week. 6. Can he manage? — I hope so. 7. She loves her baby more than anything. 8.1 occasionally eat meat. 9. Do you see that bird over there? 10.1 wear old clothes at home. 11. The car stops outside the National Bank. Three men get out and the driver stays in the car. The three men walk into the bank and take out their guns. 12. Vegetarians don't eat meat or fish. 13. Let me explain what you have to do. First you take the photos and sort them into categories. Then you file them according to subject. 14.1 often forget things. 15. Why doesn't he take up tennis? 16. Gases expand when heated. 17. Something smells strange. 18. We drink a lot of tea. 19. My uncle works in a factory. 20. The coach leaves at 6 this morning. 21. You know what I mean. 22. Do you like the 10 music? — Yes, it's nice. 23.1 always go out on Sundays. 24. The concert starts at 7 next Friday. 25. They pay $60 a week rent. 26.1 need two notebooks. 27. We sit here every evening. I sometimes read a book. 28. He laughs a lot. 29. Ellis throws the ball in to Snow, but he loses it. 30. Watson gives the ball to Tanner. Tanner goes past two men, he shoots, but the ball hits a Liverpool player. 31. Does he seem unfriendly? 32. He never gets up early. 33. I have a car, but I don't use it very often. 34. How many cigarettes do you smoke a day? 35. What time do banks close in England? 36. If you need money, why don't you get a job? 37. I play the piano, but I don't play very well. 38. The earth goes round the sun. 39. How often do you write to your parents? 40. You cook it for five minutes, and then you put the onions in. 41. What do you think of the film? 42.1 cry at sad films. 43. The sun rises in the east. 44. I think you are right. 45. My car doesn't go very fast. 46. Does Brazil export cocoa? 47. Hot air rises. 46. It's not right, you know — I agree. 49.1 hear a bird. It is singing. 50. I'm hungry. I want a sandwich. 51. The conference starts on June 3 rd and finishes on June 10th. 52. She works from Mondays to Fridays. She doesn't work at weekends. 53. How often do you go swimming?— I go about once a week. 54. Loud music gives me a headache. Present Continuous (I'm doing) or Simple Present (Ido)? Present Continuous (/ am doing) Simple Present (/ do) Use the Present Continuous to talk Use the Simple Present to talk about something which is happening about things m general or things at or around the time of speaking: which happen repeatedly: The kettle is boiling. Can you rum Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. it off? Listen to those people. What Excuse me, do you speak English? language are they speaking? "Where's Tom?" "He's playing Tom plays tennis on Saturday. tennis." (you find a stranger in your room) What do you usually do at weekends? What are you doing here? What do you do? (= What's your job?) Silvia is m Britain for three Most neonle learn to swim when months. She's learning English. they are children. Use the Present Continuous for Use the Simple Present for a a temporary situation: permanent situation: I'm living with some friends until My parents live in London. They I can find a flat. have been there for 20 years. The machine isn't working. It That machine doesn't work. It hasn't broke down this morning. worked for years. I'm sleeping on a sofa these days I always sleep eight hours every because my bed is broken. night. Self check I. Complete the following dialogues by using the words in parentheses. Also give short answers to the questions as necessary. Use the Simple Present or the Present Continuous. 1. A: (Mary, have) a bicycle? B: Yes, She (have) a ten-speed bike. 2. A: (It, rain) right now? B: No, . . At least, I (think, not) so. 3. A: (You, like) sour oranges? B: No, . . I (like) sweet ones. 4. A: (Your friends, write) a lot of letters? B: Yes, I (get) lots of letters all the time. 5. A: (The students, take) a test in class right now? B: No, They (do) an exercise. 6. A: (You, know) Tom Adams? B: No, I've never met him. 7. A: (Your desk, have) any drawers? B: Yes, It has six drawers. 8. A: (Jean, study) at the library this evening? B: No, She (be) at the student union. She (play) pool with her friend. A: (Jean, play) pool every evening? В: No, She usually (study) at the library. A: (She, be) a good player? B: Yes, She (play) pool three or four times a week. A: (You, know) how to play pool? B: Yes, But I (be, not) very good. 12 A: Let's play sometime. B: Okay. That sounds like fun. П. Complete the sentences by using the words in parentheses. Use the Simple Present or the Present Continuous. Some of the sentences are negative. Some of the sentences are questions. Supply the short answer to a question if necessary. 1. A: Shhh. I (hear) a noise. (You, hear) it too? B: Yes, I wonder what it is. 2. A: Ron, (be) this your hat? B: No, It (belong, not) to me. Maybe it (belong) to Kevin. Why (you, not, ask) him? A: Okay. 3. A: Johnny, (you, listen) to me? B: Of course I ., Mom. You (want) me to take out the garbage. Right? A: Right! And right now! 4. A: (You, see) that man over there? B: Which man? The man in the brown jacket? A: No, I (talk) about the man who (wear) the blue shirt. B: Oh, that man. A: (You, know) him? B: No, I (think, not) so. A: I (know, not) him either. 5. A: Shhh. B: Why? (The baby, sleep)? A: Uh-huh. She (take) her afternoon nap. B: Okay, I'll talk softly. I (want, not) to wake her up. 6. A: A penny for your thoughts. /О чем вы задумались?/ В: Huh? A: What (you, think) about right now? B: I (think) about English grammar. I (think, not) about anything else now. A: I (believe, not) you! B: But it's true. III. Complete the sentences. Use the Simple Present or Present Continuous. Г. Alice (take, not) the bus to school every day. She usually (walk) instead. (Take, you) the bus to get to school every day, or 13 (walk, you)? 2. It (rain, not) right now. The sun (shine). (Rain, it) a lot here? 3. Right now I (look) at the board. (I, see) some words on the blackboard. 4. I (need) to call my parents today and tell them about my new apartment. They can't call me because they (know, not) my new telephone number. 5. The tea is good. I (like) it. What kind is it? I (prefer) tea to coffee. How about you? 6. Right now the children (be) at the beach. They (have) a good time. They (have) a beach ball and they (play) with it. They (like) to play catch. Their parents (sunbathe). They (try) to get a tan. . They (listen) to some music on a transistor radio. They also (hear) the sound of sea gulls and the sound of the waves. 7. Right now I (think) about sea gulls and waves. I (think) that sea gulls are beautiful birds. 8. Sam is at the library. He (sit) at a table. He (write) a composition. He (use) a dictionary to lookup the spelling of some words. The dictionary (belong, not) to him. It (belong) to his roommate. Sam (look) up words in the dictionary because he (want) to make sure that he doesn't have any misspelled words in his paper. 9. A: Which colour (prefer, you), red or blue? B: I (like) blue better than red. Why? A: According to this magazine article I (read) right now, people who (prefer) blue to red (be) calm and (value) honesty and loyalty in their friends. A preference for the colour red (mean) that a person (be) aggressive and (love) excitement. B: Oh? That (sound) like a bunch of nonsense to me. 10. A: (Believe, you) in flying saucers? B: What (talk, you) about? A: You know, spaceships from outer space with alien creatures aboard. B: In my opinion, flying saucers (exist) only in people's imagination. 11. Janice: What (write, you) in your notebook? Diane: I (make) notes about questions I want to ask the teacher. Janice: (Prepare, you, always) so thoroughly for every class? Diane: I (try, always) to. 12. Bob: Jack really makes me angry! Sue: Why? Bob: Well, for one thing, he (interrupt, always) me. I can 14 barely get a whole sentence out of my mouth. Sue: Is that all? Bob: No. He (ask, always) me to do his homework for him. I have enough homework of my own without doing his homework too! 13. Mother: Susie! Get your fingers out of the dessert! What (do, you)? Susie: I (taste) the cake. It (taste) good. Mother: Well, you'll just have to wait until dinnertime. You can have some then. 14. This morning it (rain). I can see Janet from my window. She (stand) at the corner of 5th and Pine. She (hold) her umbrella over her head. She (wait) for the bus. 15. Right now I (look) at Janet. She (look) angry. I wonder what's the matter. She (have) a frown on her face. She certainly (have, not) any fun right now. 16.1 can't afford that thing. It (cost) too much. 17.1 (own, not) an umbrella. I (wear) a waterproof hat on rainy days. 18. The house is in a mess, because we've got the workmen in. The plumber (put) in a new bath, the electricians (rewire) the system, and the carpenter (build) us some new bookshelves. 19. You (hear)ihe wind? It (blow) very strongly tonight. 20. You (see) my car keys anywhere? — No, I (look) for them but I (not see) them. 21. Why you (walk) so fast today? You (walk, usually) quite slowly. — I (hurry) because I (meet) my mother at 4 o'clock and she (not like) to be kept waiting. 22. You (recognize) that man? — I (think) I have seen him before but I (not remember) his name. 23. Look at that crowd. I (wonder) what they (wait) for. 24. Stop! You (not see) the notice? — I (see) it but I can't read it because I (not wear) my glasses. What it (say)? — It (say), "These premises are patrolled by guard dogs." 25. You (need) another blanket or you (feel) warm enough? 26. It (save) time if I (take) the path through the wood? — No, it (not matter) which path you take. 27.1 (save) up because I (go) abroad in July. 28.1 (think) it is a pity you don't take more exercise. You (get) fat. 29. The plane that you (look) at now just (take) off for Paris. 30. Tom never (do) any work in the garden; he always (work) on his car. — What he (do) in his car now? — I (think) he (polish) it. 31. That film (come) to the local cinema next week. You (want) to see it? 32. How Peter (get) on at school? — Very well. He (seem) to like the life. 33. Why Mrs Pitt (look) so angry? — Mr Pitt (smoke) a 15 cigarette and (drop) the ash on the carpet. 34. This is our itinerary. We (leave) home on the 8th, (arrive) in Paris on the 9th, (spend) the day in Paris, and (set) out that night for Venice. — That (sound) most interesting. You must tell me all about it when you (get) back. 35. This story is about a boy who (make) friends with a snake which he (find) in his garden. Then he (go) away but he (not forget) the snake and some years later he (return) and (look) for it. He (find) the snake who (recognize) its old friend and (coil) round him affectionally. But, unfortunately, the snake is by now a full-grown boa-constrictor and its embrace (kill) the poor boy. — The snake (feel) sorry about this? — I (not know). The story (end) here. 36. How you (end) a letter that (begin), "Dear Sir"? — I always (put), "Yours truly", but Tom (prefer) "Yours faithfully". 37. What the word "catastrophe" (mean)? — It (mean) "disaster". 38. What you (wait) for? — I (wait) for the shop to open. — But it (not open) till 9.00. — I (know) but I (want) to be early as their sale (start) today. 39. Why you (smoke) a cigar, Mrs Pitt? You (not smoke) cigars as a rule. —-I (smoke) it because I (want) the ash. This book (say) that cigar ash mixed with oil (remove) heat stains from wood. 40. Who (own) this umbrella? — I (not know). Everybody (use) it but nobody (know) who (own) it. 41. You (mind) if I (ask) you a question? — That (depend) on the question. — It (concern) your brother. — I (refuse) to answer any questions about my brother. 42. The last train (leave) the station at 11.30. 43. You (enjoy) yourself or would you like to leave now? — I (enjoy) myself very much. I (want) to stay to the end. 44. How you (get) to work as a rule? — I usually (go) by bus but tomorrow I (go) in Tom's car. 45. Why you (put) on your coat? — I (go) for a walk. You (come) with me? — Yes, I'd love to come. You (mind) if I bring my dog? 46. You (belong) to your local library? — Yes, I do. — You (read) a lot? — Yes, quite a lot. — How often you (change) your books? — I (change) one every day. 47. You (like) this necklace? I (give) it to my daughter for her birthday tomorrow. 48. These workmen are never satisfied; they always (complain). 49. You (write) to him tonight? — Yes, I always (write) to him on his birthday. You (want) to send any message? 50. Tom and Mr Pitt (have) a long conversation. I (wonder) what they (talk) about. 51. You (believe) all that the newspapers say? — No, I (not believe) any of it. — Then why you (read) 16 newspapers? 52. This car (make) a very strange noise. You (think) it is all right? — Oh, that noise (not matter). It always (make) a noise like that. 53. The fire (smoke) horribly. I can't see acfoss the room. — I (expect) that birds (build) a nest in the chimney. — Why you (not put) wire across the tops of your chimneys? — Tom (do) that sometimes but it (not seem) to make any difference. 54. The children are very quiet. Go and see what they (do). — They (cut) up some $ 5 notes. 55. What you (wait) for? — I (wait) for my change; the boy just (get) it. 56. I can't hear what you (say); the traffic (make) too much noise. 57. She always (lose) her glasses and(ask) me to look for them. 58. Someone (knock) at the door. Shall I answer it? — I (come) in a minute. I just (wash) my hands. 59. You (do) anything this evening? — No, I'm not. — Well, I (go) to the cinema. Would you like to come with me? 60. We (have) breakfast at 8.00 tomorrow as Tom (catch) an early train. 61. They (dig) an enormous hole just outside my gate. — What they (do) that for? — I don't know. Perhaps they (look) for oil. 62. What (make) that terrible noise? — It's the pneumatic drill. They (repair) the road. 63. (You sit) comfortably? Good! I (hope) you (study) this text carefully because I (have) news for you. The Guiness Book of Records (not include) records for eating any more. People who (try) to swallow 47 hard boiled eggs in half a minute will have to do it for pleasure and not to get into the record book. "We (regard) these records as unhealthy," said the book's editor, Mr Donald McFarlan. 64. We (hope) you (enjoy) this marvellous weather as much as we are. We (sunbathe) and (go) swimming every day. Next week we (go) boating. 65. The play is set m London in 1890. The action (take) place in Sir Don Wyatt's mansion. When the curtain (go) up, the hero and heroine (sit) in the lounge. They (argue). 66. Ann sees Tom putting on his coat and says: Where you (go), Tom? Tom: I (go) to buy some cigarettes. You (want) an evening paper? Ann: No, thanks. You always (buy) cigarettes, Tom. How many you (smoke) a day? Tom: I (not smoke) very many—perhaps 20. Jack (smoke) far more than I (do). He (spend) £10 a week on cigarettes. 67. Mary (see) Peter standing at the bus stop. Mary: Hello, Peter. What bus you (wait) for? Peter: Hello, Mary. I (wait) for a 9 or a 14. Mary: You usually (go) to work by car, don't you? Peter: Yes, but the car (belong) to my mother and she sometimes (want) it. She (use) it today to take Bob to the dentist. Mary: I usually (go) by car too. Jack (take) me because he (pass) my office on his way to the factory. But this week he (work) in a factory in the opposite direction, so I (queue) like you. Peter: Here's a 9 now. You (come) on it or you (wait) for a 14? Mary:I (think) I'll take the 9. If I (wait) for a 141 may be late, and if you (be) late at my office everyone (look) at you. 68. Mary and Ann (wait) outside a telephone box. Inside the box a boy (dial) a number. Mary: You (know) that boy? Ann: Yes, he's a friend of my brother's. He (phone) his girl friend every day from this box. Mary: Where he (come) from? Ann: He (come) from Japan. He's a very clever boy; he (speak) four languages. Mary: I (wonder) what he (speak) now. Ann: Well, his girl friend (come) from Japan too; so I (suppose) he (speak) Japanese. 69. It is 8.30. Tom and Ann (have) breakfast. They both (open) their letters. Tom: No one ever (write) to me. All I (get) is bills! You (have) anything interesting? Ann: I've got a letter from Hugh. He (say) he (come) to London next week and (want) us to meet him for lunch. 70. Peter: You (have) traffic wardens in your country? Pedro: No, I (not think) so. You (not see) them in my town anyway. What exactly a traffic warden (do)? Peter: He (walk) up and down the street and if a car (stay) too long at a parking place or (park) in a no-parking area he (stick) a parking ticket to the windscreen. Look! He (put) a ticket on Tom's car. Tom 18 will be furious when he (see) it. He (hate) getting parking tickets. 71. What (happen) in your class? The teacher (give) lectures every day? No. He (give) one lecture a week, and on the other days he (show) films or (discuss) books with us. 72. Why that man (stand) in the middle of the road? — He (try) to get across. He (wait) for a gap in the traffic. — Why he (not use) the subway? — Lots of people (not bother) to use the subway. They (prefer) to risk their lives crossing here. 73. You (wear) a new coat, aren't you? — Yes. You (like) it? — The colour (suit) you but it (not fit) you very well. It's much too big. 74. Ann (on telephone): You (do) anything at the moment, Sally? Sally: Yes. I (pack); I (catch) a plane to New York in three hours' time. Ann: Lucky girl! How long you (stay) in New York? 75. Jack: I just (go) out to get an evening paper. Ann: But it (pour)! Why you (not wait) till the rain (stop)? 76. Mrs Jones: My daughter never (write) to me so I never (know) what she (do). Your son (write) to you, Mrs Smith? Mrs Smith: Yes, I hear from him every week. He (seem) to like writing letters. 77.1 (see) my solicitor tomorrow; I (change) my will. — You always (change) your will. Why you (not leave) it alone? 78. You (look) very thoughtful. What you (think) about? — I (think) about my retirement. — But you're only 25. You only just (start) your career. — I (know); but I (read) an article which (say) that a sensible man (start) thinking about retirement at 25. 79. Jack: How much longer you (stay) in England? Paul: Only one more day. I (leave) tomorrow night. I (go) to Holland for two weeks. Jack: And you (come) back to England after that or you (go) home? Paul: It (depend) on my father. But if he (agree) to let me go on studying here I'll certainly come back. And I (expect) he will agree. By the way, Jack, Ann 19 (see) me off at Victoria tomorrow. Why you (not come) too? You could have coffee with her afterwards. 80. What all those people (do) in the middle of the street? And why they (wear) such extraordinary clothes? — They (make) a film. Most of the crowd are local people who (work) as extras. — It (sound) great fun. You (think) I could get a job as a film extra? — I (not know) but I (see) Ann over there; when they (finish) this scene I'll ask her if they still (take) on extras. — Ann (act) in the film? — She has a small part. She (not act) very well. I (imagine) she got the part because she (know) the director. 81. Mrs Jones: What you (look) for, Tom? Mr Jones: I (look) for the garage key. I always (look) for the garage key, because nobody ever (put) it back on its hook. Mrs Jones: I always (put) it back on its hook. Why you (not try) your pockets? 82. Imagine that you (travel) by train, in a crowded compartment. One of the passengers (read) a newspaper; another (do) a crossword puzzle; another (look) out of the window. Suddenly the train (stop) with a jerk and your suitcase (fall) off the rack on to somebody's toes. 83.1 (hear) that you have bought a new house. — Yes, but I (not live) in it yet. They still (work) on it, and the work (take) longer than I expected. — I (think) repair jobs always (take) longer than one (expect). IV. Translate from Russian into English. 1. Позвони ему сейчас. Я думаю, он еще не спит. 2. Я сейчас много работаю. Я сдаю экзамены. 3. Он не видит, что я на него смотрю. Он читает что-то с большим интересом. 4. Где Нина? — У нее урок английского языка. У нее всегда английский по пятницам. 5. Давай пойдем прогуляемся. Дождя нет. 6. Мой брат работает инженером на заводе. Он говорит, ему очень нравится его работа. 7. Ваша дочь ходит в школу? — Да, она в пятом классе. — Вы помогаете ей по математике? — 20 Постоянно. 8. Мой отец хорошо знает английский язык. Он читает английские книги без словаря. 9. Послушай. Звонит телефон. 10. Мой сын плохо успевает в школе. Он тратит слишком много времени на спорт и слишком мало времени на уроки. 11. Где ты обычно проводишь отпуск? — В Белоруссии. Мои родители живут там. — Там есть река или озеро? — Там есть большое и красивое озеро. Я хорошо провожу там время. 12. Мой брат живет далеко от меня. Я не часто его вижу. 13. Куда ты торопишься? — В кино. Мой друг ждет меня около кинотеатра. 14. Кому принадлежит этот дом? — Это дом моего дяди. 15. Сколько стоит этот магнитофон? — 200 долларов. 16. С кем она разговаривает? — Со своим начальником. 17. Мой брат дипломат. Он часто ездит за границу. 18. Мужчина так пристально смотрит на вас. Вы его знаете? 19. Что ты слушаешь? — Я слушаю народные песни, я очень люблю их. 20. У моего брата есть автомобиль, но я никогда им не пользуюсь. Я хочу купить свой автомобиль. 21. Позвони на вокзач и узнай, когда приходит поезд из Берлина. 22. Я не люблю ее. Она постоянно ворчит. 23. Ты часто пишешь своим родителям? — Каждую неделю. 24. Не бери эту книгу. Мой брат читает ее. 25. Темнеет. Включи свет. 26. Я никогда не езжу на работу. Я всегда хожу пешком. 27. Ты идешь в университет? — Нет. Я иду в библиотеку. 28. Она очень рассеянная. Она постоянно теряет вещи. 29. Моя сестра живет сейчас в Москве. Она там учится в Московском университете. 30. Дождь все еще идет? — Да. 31. Мы уезжаем в пятницу в 8 часов утра. Мы встречаемся на вокзале в 7.30. 32. За что он ей так нравится? — Она говорит, что он добрый и умный. 33. Вы помните меня? Мы вместе учились в институте. 34. Почему бы нам не поехать за город в воскресенье? — Хорошая идея. 35. Том сейчас очень занят. Он строит гараж. 36. Когда приезжает твой отец? — Через неделю. 37. Что ты думаешь об этом фильме? — Он скучноват. 38. О чем ты думаешь? — Я думаю о своем детстве. 39. В котором часу закрывается магазин? — В восемь. 40. Когда начинается спектакль? — В семь часов вечера. 41. Какие товары экспортируе г ваша страна 9 42 Над чем вы смеетесь? — Том рассказал нам смешную историю. 43. Он никогда не пропускает занятия без уважительных причин. 44. Мои родители сейчас на море. Они хорошо прово- 21 дят время. 45. Что ты ищешь? — Ключи от машины. 46. Почему ты меня не слушаешь? Это очень важно. 47. Неужели ты не любишь футбол? Это такая захватывающая игра. 48. Я завтра встречаюсь с Аней. Мы играем в теннис. 49. Что ты здесь делаешь"? — Просматриваю новые журналы. Я делаю это каждую неделю. 50. Почему вы изучаете английский? — Собираюсь поехать за границу на несколько месяцев. Кроме того, английский мне нужен для научной работы. 51. О чем они говорят? — Думаю, они обсуждают итоги конференции. 52. Ты можешь выключить телевизор. Я не смотрю его. 53. Кто присматривает за твоими детьми, когда ты на работе? — Как правило, моя мать. Она сейчас не работает. 54. Почему ты так сердит? Почему ты кричишь на меня? 55. Она не любит мясо, она предпочитает рыбу. 56. В ее диктанте много ошибок, хотя обычно она делает мало ошибок. 57. Конференция начинается 8 июня и заканчивается 14 июня. 58. Где Аня? — Она принимает душ. 59. Почему ты не пишешь ей? — Я не знаю ее адреса. 60. Она не знает, когда приедет ее брат. 61. Ты часто видишь Аню, не так ли? — Нет, она сейчас живет за городом. 62. Сколько иностранных языков знает Джон? — Если не ошибаюсь, два. А сейчас он учит арабский. — Правда? Он нужен ему для работы? — Да. Он собирается в Египет. 63. Следующий поезд отправляется в 10 часов. Ты можешь успеть на него, если поспешишь. 64. Интересно, чем она сейчас занимается. Fluency Listen, read and practise. 1. John: Do you see that man over at that table in the comer? What's he doing? Ian: He's having an argument with the waiter. I think he's complaining about his soup. John: You're right. He's shouting at the waiter. He's saying that it tastes terrible. Can you hear what he's saying now? Ian: Yes. He's telling the waiter there's a fly in his soup. He doesn't see why he should pay for it. 22 2 Wife: Oh, don't put your coat on that chair! You' re al -ways leaving your clothes around. It's so untidy! Husband: OK! OK! Calm down. Don't let's have an argument. You are always complaining these days. Wife: I'm not surprised — living with you! Husband: Come on! You're forever telling me to relax. Why don't you try it? 3. Tom: I'm flying to New York at the weekend. I'm staying at a hotel with my Uncle Joe and Aunt Jane. He's an artist and she's a photographer. Nick: What's the hotel called? Tom: The New York Tower. It has a restaurant at the top. The restaurant turns round eighteen times a day so you can see the whole city. An orchestra plays there in the evening. A Week in Vlctor's life John: Tell me, Victor, what do you do Sundays? Victor: On Sunday I try to sleep late. John: And on weekdays? Victor: Unfortunately, I never have much peace on weekdays, because I must work. John: Work? You? Victor: Yes, I'm a student of English — like you! John: OK, Victor. What exactly do you do on weekdays? Victor: On Monday morning I play golf. John: Golf? Victor: Yes. And on Monday afternoons I go swimming at the swimming pool. I need to relax after my game of golf. John: Oh, yes. Victor: On Tuesdays and Wednesdays, after my serious music lessons at the music school I am a singer in a rock group. John: Stop! Stop! Please . enough! What do you do on Thursdays? Victor: I rest all day long. I wake up in the evening to set my alarm-clock for lunch-time on Friday. On 23 a letter Fridays I go to the library to meet my friends to organise a picnic in the country among the birds and the bees and the flowers and the trees. John: Please, Victor. But there's one thing I don't understand. When do you learn English? Victor: A quarter of an hour every evening, in a comfortable armchair, with my video English method and a large glass of orange juice! A. Ask questions on the text. B. Imagine you are Victor. Tell about your week routine. Your friends will ask you some more questions to get additional information. C. Ask each other questions about a week in your lives. D. Tell your partner what you usually do during the week. Your partner will ask you some questions to get some details. E. Which of the members of your family is the busiest? What is his/her week like? Dear Mum and Dad, How are you? The camp is OK. The weather is horrible. It is raining. We are all writing letters. What's the weather like at home? We get up every morning at a quarter to eight and have a shower. The water is always cold. It's really horrible! Then we get dressed and have breakfast at half past eight. Breakfast is nice. We have three different sorts of cereal, bacon and eggs, toast and marmalade and tea. After breakfast we go riding or canoeing. We have a morning break at eleven o'clock. We usually have orange juice and biscuits. Then we have free activities. We have lunch at half past one. We have hamburgers and chips or fish and chips but the chips aren't very nice. In the afternoon we usually play football or volleyball. Tea is at four o'clock and after tea we ride on the mini motorbikes. They are great! We have supper at seven. After supper we watch a video or have a disco. We can play our own cassettes. Bedtime is at half 24 past nine. I am in a very big room with seven other girls. Our monitor is called Louise but we call her Lulu. We're both all right and we aren't homesick! (I am a little bit, Andy.) Love from Kate and Andy A. Ask and answer questions on the text. B. Describe the children's rest at the camp. C. This is a passage from another letter. Tina's mother is writing a letter to a friend. I'm sitting on the beach, eating an ice cream. Tina and Jack are swimming in the sea and Max is in the park, playing with a friend. Tom's listening to the radio and reading. We're having a fantastic holiday. Abercwim is a little fishing village in North Wales with a park, a castle, some Roman remains and some lovely gardens, and there's a little fishing port with a light-house. Everybody here is really friendly. I think we're lucky. This is our second holiday this year and we're doing just what we want to do: sleeping, eating and playing games. The food is lovely too. D. You 're on holiday in the south. Write a postcard to your friend describing a) your usual day b) what you and your family are doing at the moment. Happy birthday to you Mike: Hello? Sue: Hello, Mike. I'm ringing you up to wish you a happy birthday. Mike: Sue, what a fantastic surprise! Where are you phoning from? I can hear you so clearly. I thought you were in Spain. Sue: Yes, I am. And I'm having a marvellous time here. Mike: What's the weather like? It's pouring with rain here. Sue: It's absolutely boiling. I'm living in my bikini, and getting really brown. Mike: Lucky you. Hey, where are you ringing from? I can hear people laughing and talking in the background. 25 Sue: Ah, that's because I'm in a cafe by the beach. Jill and I are having a drink here and writing our postcards. I'm sending you one, so that you can see what it looks like here. I wish you were here, Mike. I can see the beach from where I'm standing. There are thousands of people sunbathing, and there's . Mike: Hey, stop. You're making me jealous. There's nothing interesting happening here. Everybody's complaining and saying what an awful summer we're having. Sue: Oh, dear — still, I expect you're getting a lot of work done. How's it going? Mike: Oh, fine. I'm working on the last article now. Actually, at this very moment I'm having a break and making myself some coffee. Good God, that reminds me. Can you hold on a moment? The kettle's probably boiling. Just a tick. Sue: Hey, Mike, don't go. I'd better ring off now. This is costing me a fortune. I'll ring you again in a few days, OK? Mike: Right. Thanks for remembering my birthday. I'm feeling better already. Look after yourself. Miss you. Sue: Me too. Goodbye. Mike: Bye. A. Questions 1. Where is Sue at the moment? 2. What is she doing in Spain? 3. Is she alone there? 4. Why is Sue calling [...]... What's the Matter? Yesterday Helen woke up at seven thirty She had a quick shower, a cup of coffee, got into her car and drove to work She found a parking space outside the office door "That's very strange," she thought as she walked up to the front door of the office building; usually there were a lot of cars outside the office and she left her car in another street The door was locked when she tried to... It was a new experience for us First of all everybody bought a lot of fireworks Then on the evening of 31st December people gathered in groups of friends and ate New Year's dinner or buffet meals At 12 o'clock, midnight, the meals and dancing stopped Then everybody drank together and wished each other "Happy New Year" A moment later thousands of fireworks went off in the sky above the city At about... the hotel most days and read a lot of books and watched a lot of rain In the evenings I went out to bars and discos and I drank a lot of wine — there were hundreds of bars The night life was good, but I didn't talk to many people, because I didn't feel well The hotel looked beautiful in the travel brochure but when I got there I found it was small and dirty Most of the meals were badly cooked and the... 63 be) out of her house since she (buy) her colour TV 45 How long that horrible monument (be) there? — It (be) there six months Lots of people (write) to the Town Council asking them to take it away but so far nothing (be) done 46 Tom is convinced that there is gold in these hills but we (search) for six months and (not see) any sign of it 47 How long you (be) out of work? — I'm not out of work now... my rest I work jolly hard, you know Cathy: Of course you do, dear Steve: What about you? What are you doing? Cathy: At the moment I'm drinking a cup of coffee and talking to my lazy fiance, but later I'm going shopping That's what I want to talk to you about Steve: Mmm Cathy: I'm getting the curtains for the bedroom Steve: Good Cathy: Do you like the idea of pale green? Steve: That sounds all right... questions on the text Retell the text B Have you ever had any experience of this sort? 'Reward for Virtue My friend, Herbert, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet He began his diet a week * ago First of all, he wrote a long list of the foods which were forbidden The list included most of the things Herbert loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate... two men As one of them took the purse out of the handbag, I told him to put it back He dropped it immediately, turned and ran A Ask questions on the text Retell the text an adventure It was a typical summer afternoon; the sun was beating down, the cars were creeping slowly round the corner of the park Five or six children were playing in the stream by the fountain, jumping in and out of the water, their... Quietly, he crept around the side of the house and looked through the gate Two 45 men were standing at the back of the house, holding a ladder A third man was at the top of the ladder and a fourth inside the house: he was passing furniture through the window to his partner, who then gave it to his friends below All four were working quietly and efficiently and the pile of furniture in the garden was getting... on the uses of the Present Continuous and Simple Present C Give a brief account of the conversation D Roleplay the conversation old Arthur Everyone knows him as Old Arthur He lives in a little hut in the middle of a small wood, about a mile from the village He visits the village store twice a week to buy food and paraffin, and occasionally he collects letters and his pension from the post office A few... neck, and making him feel very uncomfortable He's looking forward to having a nice, hot cup of coffee A Questions 1 Does it often snow in London? 2 What effect does the snow have on people's lives? 3 What happens to cars? 4 Do people arrive at work on time? 5 Does the snow melt quickly? 6 What is the result of the snow melting? 7 Who likes the snow very much? 8 Where does David work? 9 Why is he walking . REVIEW OF TENSES UNIT I GRAMMAR: REVIEW OF TENSES Present Continuous and Simple Present Present Continuous. thought as she walked up to the front door of the office building; usually there were a lot of cars outside the office and she left her car in another street.