a review of the economic approach

... Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) and Health Technology Assessment (HTA) database; Health Economic Evalua- tions Datab ase (HEED) (1992 to 6 June 2010); the NHS Economic Evaluation ... vival data over a longer time horizon. Briggs et al [8] examine a range of parametric survival models and con- clude that the Weibull distribution fits best to the data; the data are then extrapolated ... prices). In 2008 the National Joint Registry (NJR) [2], listed124brandsofacetabularcupsand137brandsof femoral stems, which indicates a substantial increase in the number of prostheses available from

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... competition authorities 66 Table II.3 Evaluation of the impact of merger policies and regulations 71 Table II.4 Evaluation of the impact of antitrust policies and regulations 73 Table ... represent the views of the European Commission Authors: Fabienne Ilzkovitz, Principal Advisor Adriaan Dierx, Principal Administrator Editing and assistance: Antonio Bosisio Karin Hunin More information ... Evaluation of the impact of cartel policy enforcement 77 Table III.1 Overview of assumptions used by CAs 81 a) Cartel cases 81 b) Abuse of dominance cases

Ngày tải lên: 04/11/2022, 06:46

... (NSRD) of the RAND Corporation NSRD conducts research and analysis for the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Commands, the defense agencies, the Department of the Navy, ... Reactions and Their Implications for Urban Warfare, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, MG-191 -A, 2005 Hoge, C., et al., “Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, Mental Health Problems, and Barriers ... completion of operations, the military’s use of group-based training seems particularly important In response to conditions in Iraq and Afghanistan, the Army and the Marine Corps are already making

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 18:20

... Comparative German American Database For the sake of comparability, this database classifies occupations and industries in the US and... Kingdom, argue that a country's trade specialization ... performing arts. A year later, Baumol generalized their main argument in an article titled ‘Macroeconomics of Unbalanced Growth: The Anatomy of Urban Crisis’ (a more recent application of his fundamental ... but rather on the basis of the location of their workplace. To exemplify, in the NIPA, a marketing manager working in a car factory will be counted as a ‘manufacturing’ employee, whereas a marketing

Ngày tải lên: 02/06/2014, 09:22

... the atypicals The atypicals also showed several advantages regarding... studies in the pharmacotherapy table also show that typical antipsychotic medication helps prevent relapse in early ... themselves and others. Onset in late adolescence and early adulthood causes major disruptions in the ability of individuals to meet developmental tasks. Social, sexual, academic and vocational challenges ... medication/family therapy group had received... mania has considerable support from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses.30-32 The clinical efficacy of olanzapine,

Ngày tải lên: 02/06/2014, 09:37

... factors appear as increasingly important as people get older, although ill-health is a major element above as well as below age 55 (Table 2.1) ELSA data further suggests social class variations ... data examining issues around labour market participation and withdrawal The majority of studies reviewed were carried out in the period 1999-2005 and draw upon a mixture of quantitative ... quantitative and qualitative research The aim of the chapter... identification of a ‘third age’ in between the period of work (the second age) and the period of mental and physical decline

Ngày tải lên: 02/06/2014, 09:39

... design of the study, carried out some of the literature searches, and edited the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Additional material Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge ... importance of these different factors. The availability of large health personnel datasets in cer- tain developed countries has enabled the development of a second approach, based on econometric analyses ... Health Policy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Email: Mylene Lagarde* - mylene.lagarde@lshtm.ac.uk; Duane Blaauw - Duane.Blaauw@wits.ac.za * Corresponding author Abstract

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20

... that catalyze the polymerization of olefins and the addition of mercaptans to olefins The organic acids and the elements commonly found in the char can act as catalysts for many of these reactions ... relatively low polarity and extremely polar water The formation of acetals shifts the composition away from acetaldehyde hydrates, releasing the water of hydration and the water formed with the ... Adding a small amount of antioxidant may be a good precautionary measure to prevent the effects of oxygen, e.g., oxygen that may infiltrate the storage tank as it “breathes” air during its daily

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 14:02

... stage of ovarian cancer. All studies reviewed in this paper have been summarized in tables under separate headings and arranged chronologically by the year of pub- lication. Journal of Ovarian ... ovarian carci- noma. In multivariate analysis only the variation of blood levels of CA125 and the free disease interval from the finalization of the first line chemotherapy were predictive of ... surgery and combination chemotherapy [7]. Ovarian cancer remains a disease that proves fatal to the majority of patients, but where chemotherapy has been established as a treatment that improves

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Email: Erin E Michalak* - emichala@interchange.ubc.ca; Lakshmi N Yatham - yatham@interchange.ubc.ca; Raymond W Lam ... Health and Quality of Life Outcomes BioMed Central Open Access Review Quality of life in bipolar disorder: A review of the literature Erin E Michalak*, Lakshmi N Yatham and Raymond W Lam Address: ... valproate Limitation – only acute QoL outcome data available Majority of sample report 'fair/average' QoL Small sample of patients with BD, little clinical information for sample Page of 17 (page

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... utility Adequate Adequate Adequate [...]... trial of the Camberwell Assessment of Need and the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales Australian and New Zealand Journal Psychiatry ... average nearly three months apart'. Manderson and McCune [67] made a sim- ilar observation, as did Harnett et al [61]. The second approach examines the correspondence between change as assessed ... outcome measures in adult mental health care. Australian and New Zea- land Journal of Psychiatry 2005, 39:713-718. 21. Trauer T: Comment. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2000,

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... equilibrium, the price of an annuity for type α individuals is z(α), and the prices of life insurance and of the numeraire are 1 All individuals purchase the same amount of annuities... ... of annuities and long-term care insurance (at ages 65 and 75) and found that the cost of the hypothetical bundle was lower by 3 to 5 percent compared to the cost of these products when purchased ... conditions and explain the deviations from the standard model. Broadly, the additional terms that emerge reflect the fact that the initial producer price of each commo- dity deviates from each consumer’s

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... the population average rates (table 9A. 1 in the appendix provides the underlying data). Adverse selection seems somewhat smaller among females, perhaps because of the smaller variance in female ... cable to annuitants, that is, those who purchase private annuities. As figures 9.1 (a) and (b) clearly display, at all ages annuitants, whether males or females, have higher survival rates than ... example, from the data in Brown et al. (2001), one can derive survival rates for males and females born in 1935, distinguish- ing between the overall population average rates and the rates appli-

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... that the individual can purchase or sell at any age an asset called annuities The quantity of annuities at age z is denoted a( z) A unit of annuities is purchased at a price of 1 and ... that, unlike the analysis of a competitive annuity market, the analysis of individual behavior in the absence of such a market cannot readily be carried over to analyze market equilibrium. The ... 0: Annuities pay to age-z holders a rate of return that is equal to the hazard rate at this age This is the fraction of age-z individuals who are expected to die in a short while and,

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... (in the United States) a replacement ratio of 25–30 percent for the average participant, hence these calculations show the additional savings required to attain a reasonably steady level of con- ... at a price that depends on the payout stipulations and on individual characteristics, in particular, the age of the purchaser. 1 The demand for annuities is primarily based on the desire of individu- ... markets, in particular, to the transmission of information to the issuers of annuities about changes in health and other factors that affect survival prospects.2 As they age, individuals...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... As a general rule, the less severe the crash, the greater the likelihood that the crash does not appear in the usual official crash databases – with many databases being restricted to casualty ... Australia’s major transport database. As well as the holdings of the ARRB Transport Research Library collection, it also includes the holdings of a number of other Australia libraries with transport-related ... drivers have a general awareness of their diminishing capabilities and make numerous appropriate … adaptations to compensate. … The success of older driver adaptation is shown by the fact that when...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 18:20

... National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. ... environmental sustainability, and education? 3. (a) Are the priorities for each theme area clear and appropriate? (b) Is the time frame for attaining these priorities realistic? 4. Is there an appropriate ... the draft and the final forms. This document consists of two parts: the committee’s review of the draft plan (Part I) and the committee’s review of the final plan (Part II). In Part I, the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 06:20

... local transportation of cials. NASA’s General Aviation Program Of ce devised a “General Aviation Road Map” laying out a 25-year strategy for the development of a national small aircraft transportation ... toward such far-reaching goals, NASA and other AGATE and GAP participants began discussing ways to further the SATS con- cept and build acceptance by FAA, the broader GA community, and state and ... a general understanding of the U.S. avi- ation and air transportation sectors, many of the statistics and findings that are cited in the later analytical sections of the report appear there. The...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 06:20

... their toxins and are capable of activating the alternate comple- ment pathway. 55 The normal flora of the intestinal tract of the breastfed infant, as well as the offspring of all other mammalian ... defense of the neonate and the intestinal flora. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 351(Suppl.):122–125. 4. Pisacane A, Graziano L, Zona G, Dolezalova H, Cafiero M, Coppola A, Scarpellino B, Ummarino ... distribution of a drug is known, then the amount available to the infant via the milk can be calculated if the weight of the mother and the dose of the drug are known. 97 In general, drugs with a small volume...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 10:20

... standardized amount of carbo- hydrate in a food. The glycemic load takes into account the amount of food eaten. An international table of the glycemic index and glycemic load of a wide variety of foods ... growth of beneficial bacteria. A group of Adventist vegetarians was found to have a higher amount of beneficial bacteria and lower amount of poten- tially pathogenic bacteria compared to non-vegetarians on ... native rural Japanese, and rural native Africans. Lactobacillus species and Eubacterium aerofaciens, both producers of lactic acid, were associated with the populations with the lower risk of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 02:21