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free ebooks ==> www.ebook777 www.ebook777.com OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 14/5/2015, SPi free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com A History of the Irish Language OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 14/5/2015, SPi free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com www.ebook777.com OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 14/5/2015, SPi free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com A History of the Irish Language From the Norman Invasion to Independence AI DAN D OYLE OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 14/5/2015, SPi free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries # Aidan Doyle The moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in Impression: All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press Madison Avenue, New York, NY , United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: ISBN –––– (Hbk) –––– (Pbk) Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR YY Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work www.ebook777.com OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 14/5/2015, SPi free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com In memory of my mother, who didn’t speak a word of Irish, but who loved language OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 14/5/2015, SPi free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com www.ebook777.com OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 14/5/2015, SPi free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com Contents Acknowledgements List of figures List of abbreviations Conventions for spelling and transcription xi xiii xiv xv Introduction . Writing the history of a language . Dates and periods . Some sociolinguistic terminology .. Standard languages and dialects .. Language contact . Sources . Scope and lay-out Further reading The Anglo-Normans and their heritage (–) . The Anglo-Norman invasion .. Before the Anglo-Normans .. The Anglo-Norman conquest of Ireland .. The linguistic and cultural impact of the conquest .. Hibernicis ipsis Hiberniores . The shape of the language (–) .. Early Modern Irish and Modern Irish .. Spelling and pronunciation .. Classical Irish .. The non-classical language .. Borrowing . Conclusion Further reading The Tudors (–) . A new era .. The Tudors .. Language and identity under the Tudors .. The Tudor response to language conflict .. The Gaelic reaction . The shape of the language (–) OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 14/5/2015, SPi free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com viii CONTENTS .. Conservatism, innovation, and genre .. Diglossia and bilingualism . Conclusion Further reading The Stuarts (–) . A new dynasty .. The linguistic effect of the conquest .. Language attitudes in the Stuart era .. Interaction between English and Irish at the written level .. The Irish abroad . The shape of the language (–) .. Late Modern Irish (LMI) .. Borrowing and code-switching . Conclusion Further reading Two Irelands, two languages (–) . The Anglo-Irish Ascendancy .. The Penal Laws .. The hidden Ireland .. Language contact and macaronic poems .. The Anglo-Irish and the Irish language .. The churches and the Irish language .. A private document .. Bilingualism, diglossia, and language statistics . The shape of the language (–) .. Representing dialects in writing .. Vocabulary .. The language of Charles O’Conor’s journal . Conclusion Further reading A new language for a new nation (–) . Change comes to Ireland .. Daniel O’Connell .. Language and national identity in Europe and Ireland .. Education and literacy .. Bíoblóirí, Jumpers, and An Cat Breac .. The Famine and emigration .. The extent and pace of the language shift .. Later attitudes towards the language shift .. Attempts to preserve and strengthen Irish www.ebook777.com OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 14/5/2015, SPi free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.com CONTENTS . The shape of the language (–) .. The innovative strand .. The conservative strand .. Borrowing .. Grammars and primers . Conclusion Further reading ix Revival (–) . Political and social developments (–) . Cultural developments (–) . A precursor to the Gaelic League . Douglas Hyde . The Gaelic League . Education . Adult education . Cultural activity . Publishing . The Gaeltacht .. Galltacht and Gaeltacht .. Conceptualizing the Gaeltacht .. The Gaeltacht: myth and reality . The Gaelic League and politics . Conclusion—the substance and the shadow Further reading The modernization of Irish (–) . Reshaping the language . Orthography . The dialects and standardization . Which dialect? . Perceived threats to Irish . Borrowings . ‘Irish forms of thought are not the same as those of other nations’ . The codification of Irish . Vocabulary .. Expanding the vocabulary .. The older language as a source of vocabulary .. The reception of the new words .. Censoring vocabulary ... vocabulary of the Irish language, and also that the intellectual life of the literate Irish classes was enhanced Comparing Ireland to the rest of Europe at the time, we get the impression of a language. .. marks the end of Late Modern Irish, the last variety of the language to be spoken by communities as a first language, rather than as one which they learned at school Thus there are good reasons... .. The hidden Ireland .. Language contact and macaronic poems .. The Anglo -Irish and the Irish language .. The churches and the Irish language .. A private document .. Bilingualism,
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