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VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES L TRAN HA BAO KHUYEN PREVENTING CRIMES OF INFRINGING UPON HUMAN LIFE AND HEALTH IN BAC LIEU PROVINCE Major: Criminology and Crime Prevention Major code: 9.38.01.05 SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL DISSERTATION IN LAW Hanoi - 2020 The dissertation completed at Graduate Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Van Huyen Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof Dr Tran Dinh Nha Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Dr Dong Dai Loc Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof Dr Cao Thi Oanh The dissertation will be defended at Graduate Academy Level Council of dissertation assessment at Graduate Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, 477 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi Time: ………… date ……… month …… …year 2020 The dissertation may be found at: - Vietnam National Library; - Graduate Academy of Social Sciences Library INTRODUCTION The necessity of the research topic People are considered a valuable capital of society and are the foremost object protected by the law in general and the criminal law in particular Protecting people, first of all, is protecting human life and health because it is very important for human beings The right to protect human life and health is stipulated by Vietnamese Constitution and this is the inviolable right, the human supremacy is protected by the State through the law, in which, the existing Penal Code of Vietnam has its own one chapter - Chapter XIV on crimes of infringing upon human life, health and dignity We can see that crimes of infringing upon human life and health not only cause pain to the victim’s family and breaking social cells, but also cause insecurity and the people’s anxiety Crimes of infringing upon human life and health are very significant dangers for society, causing damage and fully expressing dangerous nature of criminal acts to the society In Vietnam, the criminology has been interested in research in the 1990s Although it was born late, the criminology has made a great contribution to social life The criminology’s research results have many effects and significance in the fighting against crimes and are effectively applied by many authorities In our country today, the crime situation is still complicated, many serious crimes still happen, in which, crimes of infringing upon human life and health are happening in many provinces and cities of the country including Bac Lieu province, has seriously affected the overall economic development of the country and has directly infringed upon the legitimate rights and interests of the people and community The situation of crimes that infringe upon human life and health - a basic and important human right, is increasing and becoming more and more important in Bac Lieu province In order to effectively prevent crimes of infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province, it is necessary to examine such situation This is a great theoretical and practical matter so as to have necessary solutions to prevent crimes of infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province By examining situation of crimes that infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province (between 2009 and 2019, and 285 actual sentences) to learn about the complicated development of this crime over the years in Bac Lieu province Approaching the above situation, it is necessary to have a comprehensive and systematic study in both theoretically and practically on this type of crime in the province For the above reasons, the author has conducted the research titled “Preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province” as her doctoral dissertation to meet such requirements Research purpose and tasks 2.1 Research purpose The study aims to systematically and comprehensively approach the prevention of crimes who infringe human life and health in both theoretically and practically; find out difficulties and shortcomings of crime prevention, as well as causes and circumstances of crimes infringing upon human life and health Thenceforth, the study tries to propose solutions and recommendations to improve the efficiency of preventing such crimes in the coming years in Bac Lieu province 2.2 Research tasks First, the study reviews literature at home and abroad, general reasonings about crimes that infringe upon human life and health, it then identifies issues that need to further examine Second, the study supplements and completes the theory of prevention of crimes infringing human life and health such as concepts, principles Third, surveying and assessing the real situation of crimes of infringing upon human life and health such as criminological rules and characteristics of objects who infringing upon human life and health between 2009 and 2019 in Bac Lieu province Thenceforth, the study seeks to clarify advantages, disadvantages, shortcomings and causes in preventing crimes infringe upon human life and health Fourth, on the basis of surveys and examining the real situation of crimes of infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province, the study will predict and propose solutions to improve the efficiency of preventing such crimes in the coming years Research subject and scope 3.1 Research subject The research subject of the study is the reasoning about prevention of crimes of infringing upon human life and health, the prevention of such crimes in practice; causes and circumstances lead to these crimes Thenceforth, the study proposes solutions to improve the efficiency of preventing crimes infringe upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province 3.2 Research scope - Spatially: The dissertation examines the practice of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province - Regarding time: The dissertation examines the period 20092019 Methodology and research methods The dissertation is conducted on the basis of dialectical and historical materialism of Marxism-Leninism, the Party, State and President Ho Chi Minh’s viewpoints The dissertation utilizes methods of analysis, synthesis, statistics and expert method New contributions of the dissertation - The dissertation seeks to supplement and complete theories on crime prevention in general and crimes of infringing upon human life and health in particular so as to enrich criminology and crime prevention The study also completes concept, meaning, principles, contents and mechanism of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health It then points out the advantages, disadvantages and obstacles of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health in practice - Clarifying the real situation of crimes that infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu between 2009 and 2019; the cause and circumstances of such crimes so as to find out effective preventive measures in Bac Lieu province The study examines and assesses objectively the situation of crimes of infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu from 2009 to 2019 - Predicting situation of crimes that infringing upon human life and health, and factors affecting crime prevention Thenceforth, the study proposes solutions to prevent crimes of infringing upon human life and health in the coming years in Bac Lieu province in particular and the Criminology of Vietnam in general Theoretical and practical significance of the dissertation 6.1 Theoretically: The research results of the dissertation contribute to further complete the theoretical basis of crime prevention and can be seen as reference for studying, teaching and learning subjects of criminology and crime prevention 6.2 Practically: By proposing solutions of preventing crimes that infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province to help authorities to improve the efficiency of preventing such crimes Structure of the dissertation Besides the introduction, conclusion and references, the dissertation includes chapters: Chapter 1: Literature review Chapter 2: Theoretical issues of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health Chapter 3: The real situation of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province Chapter 4: Solutions of enhancing prevention of crimes of infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province Chapter LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Research situation abroad 1.1.1 Research works on the theoretical issues of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health Research works on the theoretical issues of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health such as “Examining and preventing crimes infringe upon other person’s body” by G.I.Xe-TraRop (Criminology, Institute of Public Security Science Studies, Hanoi, 1975, Chapter XVIII) In this study, the author tries to analyze characteristics of criminology in cases of killing other persons and causing serious injuries “Causes and measures to prevent crime” by V.Kudriavsev, People’s Public Security Publishing House, Hanoi 1987 This book mentions generally the issue of Soviet criminology “Theoretical basis of crime prevention” by Minkovskij G.M, Moskva, Jurid Literature, 1987 This book prevents the theoretical issues on crime prevention 1.1.2 Research works on the real situation of prevention and solutions to prevent crimes of infringing upon human life and health “Crime prevention strategies in Europe and North American” by John Gragam, European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, Helsinki, Finland, 1997 This book presents the real situation and measures to prevent crime, in which, it presents three basic groups of measures in preventing crime In short, measures of crime prevention mentioned above to be both practical and theoretical significance for crime prevention in our country today Thus, this is a valuable reference for the author to conduct this dissertation 1.2 Research situation at home 1.2.1 Research works on theoretical issues of crime prevention “Textbook of Criminology” by Vo Khanh Vinh, Ngo Ngoc Thuy & Ly Van Quyen, Hanoi Law University, People's Public Security Publishing House, 1998; According to the authors, the crime prevention is a very complexly and importantly theoretical and practical issue “Textbook of Criminology” (reissue) by Vo Khanh Vinh This is a theoretical handbook about criminology “Textbook of Criminology” by Nguyen Van Canh (editor), People's Public Security Publishing House, 2011 This book presents basic theoretical knowledge on criminology and crime prevention “Social control for crime” by Trinh Tien Viet (editor), National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2014 “Concept of crime prevention in terms of criminology” by Trinh Tien Viet, Journal of Science, Hanoi National University, 2008 “On the basic principles of crime prevention” by Trinh Tien Viet, Journal of Procuracy, Supreme People’s Procuracy, No 09 (May 2008) In this study, the author seeks to analyze scientific concept of crime prevention, as well as scientific and practical significance of the concept of crime prevention, and basic principles of crime prevention “Crime prevention in criminology” by Nguyen Ngoc Hoa, Journal of Law, No 6, 2007 In this work, the author believes that crime prevention is an important content of criminology 1.2.2 Research works on theoretical issues of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health “Preventing and investigating personal crimes” by Bui Van Thinh & et al, People’s Police Academy, Hanoi, 2011 This book mentions theoretical issues on measures of preventing, detecting and investigating typical crimes infringe upon another person’s identity “Criminal liability for crimes of infringing upon human life, health, dignity and honor” by Dinh Van Que, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 1997 This book presents common principles, features and explain scientifically crimes of infringing upon human life, health, dignity and honor The author also analyzes and clarifies the typical legal signs of each crime in this group “Preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health of the people’s police force” by Bui Van Thinh, doctoral dissertation in law, People’s Police Academy, 2007 In this study, the author analyzes and clarifies the theoretical issues on crime prevention, the real situation of crime prevention and solutions to enhance the efficiency of preventing crimes infringe upon the people’s police force life and health However, this dissertation has just examined specific prevention for the people’s police force but has not mentioned such crime prevention for other objects in society, for example, socio-political organizations, unions and other Boards “Preventing crimes in Vietnam in the Doi Moi era” by Nguyen Xuan Yem, People’s Security Publishing House, Hanoi, 2005 This is a comprehensive and intensive research work on prevention and fight against crimes in our country in the Doi Moi era It has comprehensively and systematically generalized the common theoretical issues of criminology and crime prevention for each specific crime “The socialization of crime prevention” by Nguyen Van Lan, People’s Public Security Publishing House, Hanoi, 2014 The author presents provinces and cities; have identified causes and circumstances of crimes and have analyzed the effects of socio-economic factors, thereby, predicted this crime situation in the coming years However, the contents have not yet emphasized and highlighted prevention, solutions are not clear and have not mentioned specific matters to minimize such offenders 1.3 General assessment of the research situation and the issues that need to be further examined 1.3.1 Regarding the theory of prevention of crimes infringing upon human life and health This is a very necessary and important material source to further examine the key contents of the dissertation By reviewing literature, it is necessary to have effective preventive measures to minimize crime situation For abroad research works, although they did not directly mention specific contents of the dissertation, they have made useful contributions in theory, namely, reasoning about criminology and crime prevention in general 1.3.2 Regarding the real situation of preventing crimes that infringing upon human life and health In general, the above works have not been intensively examined and specifically focused on the prevention of crimes that infringe upon human life and health Most of research works have focused on solution of crime prevention and divided this solution into different levels such as preemptive, direct prevention and recidivism prevention Some research works have just mentioned common issues on crime prevention and fighting against crimes in the new stage, including crime prevention in the specialized agencies such as the police 10 The proposed solutions are still general and have not mentioned specific matters of preventing crime to minimize this crime, and have not intensively examined prevention and preventive measures against crimes of infringing upon human life and health 1.3.3 Pending questions that need further examine in this dissertation - Examining theoretical issues on prevention of crimes that infringe upon human life and health, and further clarify the purpose, meaning, preventive mechanism, principles and solutions - Examining the real situation of prevention of crimes infringe upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province - Examining the content, causes and circumstances of crimes infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province - Predicting situation of crimes infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu in the coming year - Proposing solutions to improve the efficiency of prevention of crimes infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province 1.4 Research question and hypothesis 1.4.1 Research question How is the reasoning of crime prevention and the real situation of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health, and how can improve the efficiency of preventing this crime in Bac Lieu province? 1.4.2 Research hypothesis The situation of crimes infringe upon human life and health in Bac Lieu is still complicated, so the author assumes that this crime prevention has still limitations, the preventive forces are not enough quantity and quality, lack of preventive measures and the 11 coordination among preventive forces is not yet tight Therefore, it is very necessary to propose solutions to strengthen prevention of this crime in Bac Lieu province Summary chapter The author has reviewed literature on the situation of prevention of crimes infringing upon human life and health including domestic and foreign research works on this crime The author has also made general assessments of preventive theory, the situation of prevention of crimes that infringing upon human life and health 12 Chapter THEORETICAL ISSUES OF PREVENTING CRIMES OF INFRINGING UPON HUMAN LIFE AND HEALTH 2.1 The concept and meaning of prevention of crimes that infringing upon human life and health 2.1.1 The concept of prevention of crimes that infringing upon human life and health by Vietnam’s criminal law Preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health is defined as activities of state agencies, social organizations and citizens to apply different measures to eliminate causes and circumstance of crimes infringing upon human life and health to prevent, limit, reduce, and eventually eliminate such crimes 2.1.2 The meaning of prevention of crimes that infringing upon human life and health - To strengthen and further protect people’s rights (human rights); - To protect the most precious things of human beings, that is their life, health - As the basis for planning and promulgating guidelines and policies to effectively prevent this crime Proposing measures to gradually limit and eliminate causes and circumstances that leading to crimes infringe upon human life and health in order to gradually eliminate these crimes from social lives - The dissertation has great social and political significance The social management will be better if the crime prevention does well 2.2 The content of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health 2.2.1 Types of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health 13 General and special prevention 2.2.2 Principles of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health Legal principles; Humanitarian principles; Democracy principles; Principles of close coordination among crime prevention agencies; Principles of respecting and protecting human rights; Scientific and creative principles 2.2.3 Subjects of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health 2.2.3.1 Party organizations: 2.2.3.2 State management agencies: 2.2.3.3 Legal protection agencies: 2.2.3.4 Other agencies, departments, boards, and organizations and the people 2.2.3.5 The relationship between subjects of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health Based on the functions and duties of each subject and their relationship to build the content of specific coordination, as well as clearly define responsibilities of each subject 2.2.4 Measures to prevent crimes infringing upon human life and health - Socio-economic measures; legal measures; cultural and educational measures; measures of social organization and management, and mobilizing the people Some separate precautionary measures: Precautions for those who intent committing crime; precautions for those who are in danger of their life and health; measure of controlling the people’s residence in society 14 2.3 Causes and circumstance of crimes infringing upon human life and health 2.3.1 The socio-economic causes and conditions Negative impacts of the market economy have affected the country; The discovery and settlement of conflicts among the people have not been in time or thoroughly, leading to protracted conflicts, as well as irresponsible and indifferent attitude in the community 2.3.2 Negative causes and conditions arising from living environment - Family Environment: Due to the lack of parental concern and negative influence of adults in the family; Due to childhood violence victimization and being overprotected by parents without appropriate educational measures - School environment: It is necessary to build a safe and healthy educational environment to prevent school violence Focusing on intellectual and physical development, as well as discovering and fostering talents, and educating personality, ethics, lifestyle and legal knowledge for students 2.3.3 The social causes and conditions - The socio-economic and cultural causes and conditions; propagation and dissemination of the law, and the state management of social order and safety 2.3.4 Causes and circumstances of subjects infringing upon human life and health Causes arise from offenders 2.3.5 Causes and circumstances of deviations while motivating offense 15 Deviation of preferences and implement acts and realizing these acts 2.4 The relationship between the prevention of crimes infringing upon human life and health and the causes and circumstances of such crimes, and the identity of crimes infringing upon human life and health 2.4.1 The relationship between the prevention of crimes infringing upon human life and health and the causes and circumstances of such crimes 2.4.2 The relationship between the prevention of crimes infringing upon human life and health and their identity Summary chapter Crime prevention in general and preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health in particular are not only responsibility of each individual but also the common responsibility of the whole society In chapter 2, the author has generally examined the theoretical issues on preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health by building up the concept of preventing crimes infringing upon human life and health It has explained and clarified contents including principles of prevention and subjects of preventing crimes that infringe upon human life and health Thenceforth, it has built up contents and precautious measures in Bac Lieu province 16 Chapter THE REAL SITUATION OF PREVENTING CRIMES OF INFRINGING UPON HUMAN LIFE AND HEALTH IN BAC LIEU PROVINCE 3.1 Bac Lieu province's natural, socio-economic situation and characteristics that related to the prevention of crimes of infringing upon human life and health 3.2 Awareness of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province 3.2.1 Awareness of the purpose and meaning of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health Recognizing the importance of crime prevention in general, and preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health, over the years, Bac Lieu province’s Party Committees and government have actively developed and implemented action programs and plans to reduce causes and conditions of situation of crimes infringing upon human life and health However, there are also some limitations: - Some committees and authorities at the grassroots level are not fully aware of the roles and responsibilities of each agency and unit, as well as lack of synchronous coordination among departments, boards and localities - The province’s policies are relevant to the prevention of crimes that infringing upon human life and health have not shown continuity, there were not outstanding guidelines and regulations during period 2009-2019 3.2.2 Awareness of principles and contents of prevention of crimes that infringing upon human life and health 17 State agencies and people of Bac Lieu province are aware that in order to effectively prevent the situation of crimes that infringe upon human life and health, it is necessary to promote the principle of democracy and coordination of subjects together, and other principles related to the prevention of such crimes 3.3 The real situation of mechanism of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health 3.3.1 The real situation of subjects who prevent crimes of infringing upon human life and health - The achieved results of subjects who prevent crime situation * Regarding people who implement legal propaganda * Regarding agencies of legal protection - Procurators - The People’s Public Security forces - The Judge’s quality and quantity - The Judgement enforcement forces In general, the forces have done well in preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health, and attracting the people’s response in the province However, it can be seen that, these forces are not enough, the facilities for preventing are still limited, leading to a low effectiveness of prevention 3.3.2 The real situation of relationship among subjects in preventing crime - The achieved results of coordination among subjects in preventing crimes + Coordination among subjects in legal propaganda activities + Coordination among subjects in crime prevention activities * The limitations of the crime prevention coordination mechanism 18 First, in coordinating propaganda to prevent crimes infringing upon human life and health, the number of members of the Education Dissemination Council often fluctuates due to they move to another works or retirement, so the implementation of the Council’s duties is sometimes discontinued and not intensively Second, some agencies and units have not actively developed plans and implemented the propaganda, dissemination and education of the law, and launching emulation Third, the coordination of information exchange and prevention of crimes that infringing upon human life and health between Bac Lieu province and other provinces is ineffective * Limitations of the crime prevention force First, the legal reporters’ professional qualifications are not equal, and the legal propagandists who earned B.A degree are not high Second, the work of subjects who are in charged detecting and handling crimes to be overload, this will have a great impact on their work effectiveness in the province 3.3.3 The real situation of implementing measures to prevent crimes of infringing upon human life and health 3.3.3.1 The real situation of implementing socio-economic measures 3.3.3.2 The real situation of implementing cultural-educational measures 3.3.3.3 The real situation of implementing legal measures 3.3.3.4 The real situation of implementing social management measures 3.4 Assessing the results of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province 19 3.4.1 The situation of crimes infringing upon human life and health is the result and consequence of the implementation of precautious measures 3.4.2 Causes and circumstance of crimes infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province Summary chapter This chapter has analyzed the real situation of preventive force, coordination mechanism among the preventive force, the achieved results as well as limitations of measures to prevent crimes of infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province in the period 2009 - 2019 At the same time, it has also pointed out the causes and circumstances of crimes, namely, the socio-economic causes and conditions; negative causes and conditions arising from living environment; causes and circumstances of subjects infringing upon human life and health 20 Chapter SOLUTIONS OF ENHANCING PREVENTION OF CRIMES OF INFRINGING UPON HUMAN LIFE AND HEALTH IN BAC LIEU PROVINCE 4.1 Predicting situation of crimes infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province 4.1.1 The basis of prediction 4.1.2 The content of prediction 4.2 Improving the efficiency of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province 4.2.1 Strengthening awareness, capacity, and coordination among subjects who are charged in preventing the situation of crimes infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province Solutions to strengthen awareness of subjects: It is necessary to increase awareness of subjects who are charged in preventing and building up a mechanism of scientific coordination while implementing action plans and programs of crime prevention under the leadership and direction of the Party Committee and authorities in the province Solutions to strengthen the capacity of subjects: First, on the quantity of human resources: The provincial authority should make recommendation to the Central Government to increase staffs, cadres for crime prevention agencies, especially those who are in charge of professional work Second, on the quality of human resources: strengthening and consolidating the quality of people directly implement the crime prevention in general, and crimes of infringing upon human life and health in particular * Solutions to strengthen the coordination among subjects: It is necessary to further strengthen the coordination and professional exchange of police agencies, Procuracies, and Courts These agencies 21 should regularly coordinate together to resolve quickly cases in accordance with the law but still ensuring the independent principle of each agency 4.2.2 Strengthening the implementation of measures to prevent crimes of infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province 4.2.2.1 Improving the efficiency of the socio-economic measures 4.2.2.2 Improving the efficiency of the political and thinking education measures 4.2.2.3 Improving the efficiency of the cultural - educational measures 4.2.2.4 Improving the efficiency of the state management 4.2.2.5 Improving the efficiency of preventing the risk of becoming victim of crimes 4.2.2.6 Improving the efficiency of legal knowledge dissemination to the people Summary chapter By examining and assessing the practice of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province and predicting situation of such crimes in the coming years, the author has proposed specific solutions to improve the efficiency of mechanisms to prevent crimes of infringing upon human life and health These solutions play an important role to promptly prevent crimes or promptly detect and apply handling measures to prevent recidivism and committing crimes in general, and crimes of infringing upon human life and health in particular in Bac Lieu province 22 CONCLUSION The dissertation has systematized the research works related to the dissertation topic such as theoretical contents, the real situation and solutions The study has inherited and further analyzed unclear issues in preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health On the basis of data collection, the author has analyzed and assessed the real situation of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province Thenceforth, the dissertation has proposed some solutions to improve the efficiency of preventing crimes of infringing upon human life and health in Bac Lieu province The proposed solutions are consistent with the Party and the State’s viewpoints and the situation of Bac Lieu province 23 The author’s published-papers list Tran Ha Bao Khuyen (2015) “Regulations on rape and rape of a child”, Journal of the People's Court - Agency of the Supreme People's Court, No 11, 2015 Tran Ha Bao Khuyen (2015) “Mechanism of protecting denunciators in some countries around the world and lessons for Vietnam”, Procuracy Magazine - Supreme People's Procuracy, No 11/June 2015 Tran Ha Bao Khuyen (2015) “Completing regulations of bribery in the draft revised Penal Code”, Journal of Democracy and Law - Ministry of Justice, No 11, June 2015 Tran Ha Bao Khuyen (2015) “Competence of settling administrative complaints at first-instance levels of the People’s Courts in accordance with the Law on Administrative Procedures”, Journal of Lawyers - Judicial Academy, No Tran Ha Bao Khuyen (2018) “Basic solutions to prevent crimes of infringing upon human life and health”, Journal of Democracy and Law - Ministry of Justice, No Tran Ha Bao Khuyen (2019) “New points on the protection of inviolable rights to human life and health in the 2015 Penal Code, amended and supplemented in 2017”, Journal of Lawyers - Judicial Academy, No 24 ... life and health 2.3.1 The socio-economic causes and conditions Negative impacts of the market economy have affected the country; The discovery and settlement of conflicts among the people have... in time or thoroughly, leading to protracted conflicts, as well as irresponsible and indifferent attitude in the community 2.3.2 Negative causes and conditions arising from living environment -... lifestyle and legal knowledge for students 2.3.3 The social causes and conditions - The socio-economic and cultural causes and conditions; propagation and dissemination of the law, and the state