Phân cấp trong quản lý đào tạo, bồi dưỡng cán bộ, công chức ở cộng hòa dân chủ nhân dân lào tt tiếng anh

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS AND TRAINING NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OUTHONE CHAOPHALYPHANH DECENTRALIZED MANAGEMENT IN TRAINING AND RETRAINING OF CADRES, CIVIL SERVANTS AND OFFICIALS IN THE LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Major: Public management Code: 34 04 03 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS IN PUBLIC MANAGEMENT HANOI, 2020 Scientific instructors: Assoc Prof., Dr Vo Kim Son Dr Nguyen Duy Hanh The thesis is completed at: NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Opponent 1: …………………………………………… ……………………………….…………… Opponent 2: …………………………………………… ……………………………… ……… … Opponent 3: …………………………………………… ……………………………………….…… The thesis is defended at the Council of Thesis Examiners at the Academy-level Location: Room of doctoral thesis defence - Meeting room Building , National Academy of Public Administration No 77 Nguyen Chi Thanh Street - Dong Da District - Hanoi Time: At date month year The thesis can be found at the National Library of Vietnam or the library of the National Academy of Public Administration PREAMBLE Rationale The State decentralized management takes place in many areas when it is thought that the nature of decentralization is the transfer of authority to the subordinates and at the same time, it is the transfer of financial and human resources to make sure to exercise the jurisdiction Thus, the decentralization in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials will be a particularly important and also very complicated content in the State decentralized administrative management The training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials for the Party and the State organizations are the extremely important factor in the strategic management and human resources management In the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, the training and retraining of of cadres, civil servants and officials to meet the requirements of the objectives of administrative reform are the central task of the entire political system under the leader of the Party Practicality, in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, the completion of mechanism, policies, and renewal of the training and retraining management, in which the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials are one of the tasks set out in the Resolution of the 8th Congress of the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party (term IX) in 2006 Over the past years, the system of legal documents related to the management of cadres and civil servants has undergone many innovations, some management contents in training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials have been promoted to the National Academy of Politics and Administration, School of Politics and Administration in the provinces However, compared to the requirements of administrative reform, the management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials still has many limitations, posing many problems that need to be solved, especially the clearer determination of the responsibilities between the Party and the State Therefore, the study and systematization of views on the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in the Lao PDR, evaluation of the current situation to propose some measures on the promotion of the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in the Lao PDR in the coming time are very necessary Therefore, the author has chosen the topic “Decentralized management in training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic” as the research content for this thesis Purposes and missions of the research - Purposes of research: On the relevant theory and practice, the thesis identifies the directions and solutions to promote the decentralized management in training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Missions of research: Overview of researched works related to the topic; Systematization of the theory on the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials; Scientific analysis and assessment of the current state of the decentralized management in training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic from 2010 to present; Recommendation of solutions to promote the decentralized management in training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials Object and scope of research The object of the research is the State decentralized management in the decentralized management in training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials from 2010 to present and vision to 2030 Methodology and method of research - Methodology: The topic is researched on the basis of dialectical materialism and historical materialism of the Marxism-Leninism - Methods of research: Method of documentary research, analysis, summarization, statistics Scientific hypothesis and questions of research - Scientific hypothesis: The decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in Lao PDR has not been strengthened, it has only been focused in some centrally-run authorities This makes the activities of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials to lack of initiative and suitability for each specific locality If the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials is strengthened, it will contribute to improving the effectiveness and efficiency in the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in the Lao PDR - Questions of research: What is the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials? Which contents does it include? How has been the current state of the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in the Lao PDR? Which directions and measures should be exercised to speed up the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in the Lao PDR in the coming time? New contributions of the topic - Establish the theoretical framework of the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials based on the general theory of the management of the training and retraining and the decentralized administrative management - Properly assess the current state of the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in the Lao PDR, including the results, limitations and causes - Propose to build a model of the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in the Lao PDR and consider it as a specific solution Scientific and practical meanings: - Scientific meanings: The topic contributes to clarify the theoretical basis of the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials At the same time, to learn the experience of the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in some countries (Vietnam, China, Japan) to consider and apply in the practical conditions of Lao PDR - Practical meanings: The topic has evaluated comprehensively, systematically and objectively the current state of the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in the Lao PDR now At the same time, propose a number of viewpoints and solutions to promote the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in the Lao PDR The research results of the thesis are valued as the reference for the State authorities and the students to research the related contents Structure of the thesis The thesis shall include: Preamble, conclusion and chapters In addition, it includes annex and references Chapter OVERVIEW OF RELATED RESEARCH SITUATION 1.1 Assessment Through the works related to the thesis topic, the following matters may be reviewed: - The training and retraining which are aimed at improving the qualification of the cadres, civil servants and officials to meet the functions and tasks of the State have been mentioned for a long time by the scholars from the countries and are considered on many perspectives; and at present, the social nature of public service implementation is being emphasized However, in the countries, the concept of "cadres, civil servants and officials" is unavailable and the studies on the professionalism of administrative civil servants are not mentioned clearly and specifically - In Vietnam, currently, there have been a number of research works related to the State decentralized management in training; however it is the training of human resources for the society, not the training of cadres, civil servants and officials In Lao PDR, the research on the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials has almost not been done yet - The scientists have pointed out the content and solutions to promote the State decentralized management in education and training Although the objects are not cadres, civil servants and officials, it is very valuable, helping the thesis author selectively absorb the reasonable values in the research of content and solutions of the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - The works have mentioned a number of related concepts: “State decentralized management”, “training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials”, “State management of training and retraining”… This facilitates the author's approach of the central concept: “decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials” It may be confirmed that very few works have studied on "decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials" So the knowledge gap of this issue has still been quite large 1.2 Research direction of the thesis Firstly, the research shall contribute to perfect the theoretical framework of decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials Secondly, the research shall practically summarize the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials Thirdly, the research shall apply the measures into the practical decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER This Chapter has surveyed the related researches Such researches have provided the important materials, contents and approaches for the thesis Through the overview, it is found that there is unavailable direct and specific research on the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in Lao PDR This is a gap which requires the study Chapter SCIENTIFIC FUNDAMENTALS OF DECENTRALIZED MANAGEEMNT IN TRAINING AND RETRAINING OF CADRES, CIVIL SERVANTS AND OFFICIALS 2.1 Some general issues of decentralized management 2.1.1 Concept of decentralized management The decentralized management is understood as the decentralization of jurisdiction and responsibilities in the management by the superior authorities to the lower-level authorities It is the transfer process of the right to decide the execution of specific tasks in the operations of the superior organization to the lower-level organization in order to improve the efficiency of management activities as well as work execution 2.1.2 Forms of decentralized management - Decentralization by functional groups in the organization - Types of decentralization by levels and forms of transfer of the right to decision 2.2 Decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials 2.2.1 Some related concepts - The State management is a special form of social management featured by the State jurisdiction - Training and retraining is the process of organization, improvement and acquisition of more knowledge and skills that learners are lacking or weak, helping them well complete their work - "Officers who are Lao citizens may involve in the election, approval or be appointed to hold any positions and titles with terms in the agencies of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, the State, the centrally, provincially, district-run socio-political organizations; be on the regular staff and entitled to the salary from the State budget" - “Civil servants who are Lao citizens may be recruited and appointed to any ranks, positions and titles in the agencies of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, the State, and the centrally, provincially, district-run socio-political organizations; agencies and units of the People's Army that are not officers, professional soldiers, defense workers; in agencies and units of the People's Public Security that are not professional officers and non-commissioned officers; be on the regular staff and entitled to the salary from the State budget” - The decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials is the transfer of a number of functions, tasks, powers and managerial responsibilities in the operation of the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials from the central level to the local level to ensure the offloading for the central level and making it easy for the local level to access and organize the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials for the correct subjects and in the most convenient manner 2.2.2 Necessity of decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Derived from the role of decentralization in the enhancement of the quality and efficiency of the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Derived from the specific role of the State decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials to all levels of local authorities - Derived from the requirements of the State administrative reform, the transformation and transfer in all activities are required - Derived from the practical socialization of public services 2.2.3 Principles of decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Centralized democracy in the State decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Combined the decentralized management by sectors and the decentralized management by territories in the State decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Socialist legislation in the State decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Equality between localities - Ensure the validity and efficiency 2.2.4 Participants in management of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Ministry of Home Affairs -Ministries, Ministerial-level agencies, Governmental authorities; -Ministry of Finance -People’s Committees of provinces and centrally-run cities; -Employers of cadres, civil servants and officials -Training and retraining institutions of cadres, civil servants and officials 2.3 Contents and factors affecting the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials 2.3.1 Basic contents of decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Decentralized management regarding the content of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Decentralized management regarding the institution in charge of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Decentralized management regarding the lecturers and civil servants to serve the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Decentralized management regarding the budget for the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Decentralization regarding the management of diplomas and certificates - Decentralization regarding the checking and inspection of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials 2.3.2 Factors affecting the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Political and legal environment - Legal authority of each management agency concerning the State decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Qualifications of cadres, civil servants and officials involving in the State management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Physical, financial and technical facilities 2.4 Practical decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in Vietnam and experiences for the Lao People’s Democratic Republic 2.3.1 Practical decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in Vietnam 2.4.1.1 Decentralized management regarding the content of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - The competent authority of the Communist Party of Vietnam shall manage and specifically guide the program of retraining the political theory - The Ministry of National Defense shall assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with the Ministry of Public Security in, managing and guiding in detail the program of retraining knowledge of national defense and security - The Ministry of Home Affairs shall manage the program of retraining the knowledge of State management according to the standards applied to the civil servant scale; the State management-retraining program before any appointment of leaders and managers - Ministries, Ministerial-level agencies, Governmental authorities, centrally-run socio-political organizations, and provincial People's Committees shall manage the retraining programs as required by job positions, specialized knowledge and skills for branches for cadres, civil servants and officials under their management - The retraining programs of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the Ministry of National Defense, the Ministry of Public Security and other ministries shall be agreed by the Ministry of Home Affairs before any promulgation 2.4.1.2 Decentralized management regarding the institution in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics is the agency directly under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam; be and the necessity of decentralized management in the training and retraining; principles and factors affecting the decentralized management in the training and retraining; the content of the decentralized management in the training and retraining Learn from the experience of decentralized management in Vietnam to apply to the specific conditions of Lao PDR Chapter ACTUAL SITUATION OF DECENTRALIZED MANAGEMENT IN TRAINING AND RETRAINING OF CADRES, CIVIL SERVANTS AND OFFICIALS IN THE LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC 3.1 Overview of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic 3.1.1 Political and legal basis of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials Previously, the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic were conducted based on the resolutions made by the Lao People's Democratic Party, which have not yet been institutionalized into the legal regulations Since the 8th National Congress (in 2006), the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party has officially documented in the resolution Particularly: The Law on Cadres, Civil Servants and Officials in 2015; Decree No 294/CP dated September 4th, 2017 by the Government on training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials; Guideline No 07/BNV dated May 2nd, 2018 by the Ministry of Home Affairs guiding the implementation of the Government's Decree on training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials In Laos PRD, there are the following retraining programs: Oriented retraining; In-service retraining; Retraining of civil servants who are appointed to new positions 3.1.2 Principles of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - In accordance with the policies of the Party, laws and regulations of the State - In accordance with socio-economic development plans, human resource development strategies, civil servants development strategies, plans, work plans and programs and projects in each period 11 - Be continuously organized according to the professional categories, in accordance with the practical requirements in the development of cadres, civil servants and officials of the industry based on the performance evaluation of cadres, civil servants and officials - Apply new technology and improve the foreign language - Ensure the quality and be in accordance with the required purpose 3.1.4 Participants in the management of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - The Government - Ministry of Education and Sports - Ministry of Home Affairs - Ministries, Ministerial-level agencies, Governmental authorities - Ministry of Finance - Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party - Lao National Academy of Politics and Public Administration - Provincial Party Committee - Provincial People's Committee 3.2 Situation of decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in the Lao PRD 3.2.1 Regarding the program of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials The current programs of the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in the Lao PRD include the program of training and retraining of political theory and the program of training and retraining of village and hamlet chiefs There are 04 programs of training system and 03 programs of basic retraining for cadres, civil servants and officials In the Lao PRD, all programs of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials are conducted by the Lao National Academy of Politics and Public Administration After the establishment of the programs, such programs shall be signed and promulgated by the Ministry of Education and Sports 3.2.2 Regarding the system of institutions in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials At the central level, there is one institution in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials, which is the Lao National Academy of Politics and Public Administration At the local level, in each province and the Capital, there is one institution in charge of training and 12 retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials, which is the politics and public administration school managed by the Provincial Party Committee 3.2.3 Regarding the lecturers in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - The number of lecturers of the Lao National Academy of Politics and Public Administration, by January 1st, 2018, is 149 (making up 59.36%) The number of male lecturers is 93 (making up 62.42%), the number of female lecturers is 56 (making up 37.56%) In terms of qualifications, the number of holders of doctoral degree is 16 (10.74%), of which the number of male is 14 (87.50%), the number of female is (12.50%); the number of holders of master degree is 55 (36.91%), of which the number of male is 31 (56.36%), the number of female is 24 (43.64%); the number of holders of bachelor's degree is 78 (52.35%), of which the number of male is 48 (61.54%), the number of female is 30 (38.46%) - The number of lecturers of politics and public administration schools is 373 (60,45%), of which the number of male is 254 (68,10%), the number of female is 119 (31,90%) In terms of qualifications: The number of holders of of doctoral degree is 10 (2.68%); the number of holders of master degree is 117 (31.37%); the number of holders of bachelor's degree is 246 (65.95%) 3.2.4 Regarding the budget of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials The activities of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials is financed by the State budget The State budget is allocated to the institutions in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials The State budget is allocated to the agencies that appoint the cadres, civil servants and officials to attend the courses Funding for training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials abroad is assigned in the annual estimate of the institution or unit that are assigned to preside over the organization of training and retraining courses for cadres, civil servants and officials abroad Proportion of State budget allocated to the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials In the 2012-2016 period, the State budget which was allocated to the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials has increased by 2.4 times, from over 22,600 billion kip in 2012 to nearly 55,000 billion kip in 2016 The proportion of State budget allocated to the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and 13 officials in GDP increased from 4.2% (2012) to 5.6% (2016) The average State budget allocated to the education per capita increased from 283,000 kip in 2012 to 784,000 kip in 2016 3.2.5 Decentralization regarding the management of diplomas and certificates In Lao PRD, all diplomas and certificates of the programs of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials are managed by the Lao National Academy of Politics and Public Administration and directly issued to trainees 3.2.6 Decentralization regarding the checking and inspection of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials At the central level, the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials by the Lao National Academy of Politics and Public Administration are subject to the checking by the Inspection Committee of the Central Committee of the Lao People's Democratic Party, and the inspection by the Government Inspectorate and the Specialized Inspectorate of the Ministry of Education and Sports At the provincial level, the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials are executed by the provincial politics and public administration schools under the provincial-level inspection and specialized inspection by the Lao National Academy of Politics and Public Administration In addition, the provincial politics and public administration schools are subject to the State audit and examination by the Provincial Party Inspection Committee 3.3 Assessment of decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in the Lao PRD 3.3.1 Advantages -The institutions in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials have the agreement in implementation and management of the programs of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials The management of programs of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials is carried out seriously and comprehensively The programs of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials bring the practical effects, meeting the requirements of standards and quality of cadres, civil servants and officials - The institutions in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials clearly define the functions, tasks, without overlapping or encroaching in the operation of the training and retraining of cadres, civil 14 servants and officials Regarding the assignment and decentralization in the management, the composition factors of the institutions in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials are specialized and empowered to more subordinate bodies The decentralized management has paid attention to the characteristics of each type of composition factors of the institutions in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials such as human resources, finance, apparatus to have the reasonable decentralization to bring the performance efficiency -In the decentralized management of lecturers in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials, it is required to prepare the master plan on development of lecturers of the provincial politics and public administration schools; realize the policies for lecturers; take care of training and retraining, standardize the lecturers; pay attention to and interest in the development of local resources - In the decentralized management of the budget for the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials, the State budget investment in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials has really been prioritized correctly with the point of view that education and training is the top national policy; the decentralized management of the State budget for the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials is reformed in the direction of enhancement of the tasks, powers and responsibilities of localities; the process of budgeting and approving the budget allocation plans for the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials overall is relatively good; the shift from the allocation of funding limits to the method of budget withdrawal at the State Treasury has reduced the paperwork; the mechanism of the State budget settlement has a positive presence; the State budget expenditure is given priority by tasks and by regions in accordance with the current socioeconomic conditions and targets of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials of Lao PDR 3.3.2 Restrictions and causes - There is no decentralization so "monopoly" is conservative The current programs of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials have still been heavy in theory, not really suitable with many different types of objects; the implementation of the programs of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials has still been uneasy - The decentralized management of the institutions in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in Lao PDR 15 bears the mark of assignment of tasks rather than decentralization; the empowerment and decentralized management for the institutions in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials are inconsistent according to the functions and tasks of the agency - In the decentralized management of lecturers in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials, the provincial politics and public administration schools are not allowed to participate in the process of recruiting lecturers of the school; the staff of lecturers of the schools has still been weak in quality The causes are: The provincial leaders have not been fully aware of the decentralized management decentralization of cadres, civil servants and officials; the work of training and retraining for the lecturers has not been paid attention to, so there are no measures to improve the quality of lecturers of the provincial politics and public administration schools; thee local funding sources are limited - State budget funding for training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials has not yet been closely linked with the allocation and use of the State budget for training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials; the mechanism of decentralized management of the State budget for training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in provinces and the Capital is not consistent; the allocation of the estimate of State budget funding to training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials has not met the requirements of fair implementation with other fields; the process of allocation and disbursement of the budget to the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials has still many procedures; the regulation that the financial authority must approve the the settlement of the budget-using unit is incompatible with the capabilities of the financial authority; because the localities allocate and fund the projects by themselves, the direction of program management agencies at the central level has not yet improved the validity The causes are: The legal provisions on the State budget for the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials have not been completed, so the legal basis for financial assignment and decentralization has not been full and synchronous The capacity of civil servants in charge of preparing the State budget estimates and financial management has still been limited, thus it significantly affects the quality of annual plans and estimates and the implementation of such plans and estimates 16 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER In this chapter, the thesis has completed the task, which is the overview of the central authority in charge of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials, and the evaluation of the current situation of the decentralized management of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in Lao PDR, including the content of decentralized management of the program of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials; the decentralized management of the institutions in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials; the decentralized management of the lecturers in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials; the decentralized management of the budget for the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials Chapter DIRECTION AND SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTE THE DECENTRALIZED MANAGEMENT IN TRAINING AND RETRAINING OF CADRES, CIVIL SERVANTS AND OFFICIALS IN THE LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC 4.1 Direction to promote the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials 4.1.1 Direction of decentralized management by the Lao People's Democratic Party and the State of the Lao PRD Thoroughly grasp the viewpoint that the State jurisdiction is unity, ensuring the unified management of the Government on the institutions, policies, strategies, planning, inspection and examination; at the same time, promoting the autonomy and self-responsibility of the provincial authority in the performance of State management tasks in the area according to the provisions of law Comply with the principle of closely combining the management by industry and the management by territory; clearly defining the State management tasks of ministries and branches with the State management tasks of provincial authorities for the socio-economic activities in the territory Ensuring the principle of efficiency; any thing or level which is closer to the actuality and solve in timely manner and serve better the 17 requirements of the organization and the people shall be assigned to implement the tasks; the decentralization shall be clear regarding the tasks, addresses, responsibilities, associated with the functions and tasks of each level Be consistent with the level of socio-economic development in each period, specific characteristics of the industry, field, conditions and potential development of each region, territory, and each type of urban and rural area, with the trend of regional and international integration Ensure the correspondence between duties, authority, responsibilities and the financial resources, organization, human resources and other necessary conditions; it is required to be synchronous and consistent among relevant industries and fields Ensure the rights and fully implement the responsibilities of the People's Council, the People's Committee and the Chairman of the Provincial People's Committee in deciding and implementing the assigned tasks; strictly observe the administrative discipline; at the same time, promote the widespread democracy for the people to participate in the State management The decentralization must show the comprehension and consistency in the institutional system, legal documents associated with the reform of the mechanism and ensure the autonomy and self-responsibility of the grassroots units For the decentralized issues, the provincial authorities shall be responsible for implementation; The centrally-run ministries and industries shall monitor and guide the examination If any law violation or acts contrary to the law, the development plans are detected, such violation or acts shall be handled by the jurisdiction or reported to the Prime Minister for consideration and review 4.1.2 Direction of the State decentralized management in training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials The decentralization is firstly associated with the assignment of functions and duties between the authorities involved in the management of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials One of the important aspects of the assignment of functions and duties against the management system of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials is the decentralized management between the Lao National Academy of Politics and Public Administration and the provinces; between the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial People's Committee 18 However, the scope of this transfer is diverse, from the administrative decentralized management, human resource management, and professional management to financial management Although in theory, the decentralization is correct and has many benefits, in actuality, to succeed, this process depends a lot on the views of managers, the political system, the motivation of reform as well as the socio-economic conditions, relationships in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials 4.2 Some solutions to promote the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials 4.2.1 Enhance the awareness of decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials The decentralization must be associated with a reasonable authorization, so, it is required to: Rethink the decentralization mechanism in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials Agree and clearly assign, have the coordination regulation between the advising and consulting authority for the Government on the management of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials, which is the Ministry of Education and Sports, and the institution in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials at the central level, which is the Lao National Academy of Politics and Public Administration Change the current rigid decentralization mechanism to facilitate the competition in the work of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials Attract the national education system into the process of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials It is necessary to widely propagate the role of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials to change the perception of all levels, industries and officials and civil servants regarding the work of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials This is an investment for the future, the results are significant but cannot be quantified, so without the proper and complete awareness of the raining and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials, it is difficult to achieve the desired results 4.2.2 Improvement of institution of management of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials Review and gather the legal documents on management and decentralized management of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials Handle and eliminate the contents that are 19 overlapped, contradictory, outdated and inappropriate in the system of legal documents to promulgate new unified, easy-to-understand and easyto-apply documents Promulgate the documents specifying the remuneration for cadres, civil servants and officials who are sent to attend the training and retraining courses On the basis of documents on the work of the centrally-run training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials, the provincial authority is required to specify in the documents on the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials to suit the actual conditions in the province 4.2.3 Specific assignment of functions and tasks to participants in the management of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials On the basis of specific assignment of functions and tasks between the Lao People's Democratic Party and the State of the Lao People's Democratic Republic, between the central and local authorities in the management of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials, it is possible to redefine the tasks of the participants in the management of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials as follows: - The Government performs the unified State management of cadres, civil servants and officials, including the training and retraining - The Ministry of Education and Sports does not promulgate the program of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - The Ministry of Home Affairs shall promulgate and uniformly administer the programs of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials Along with the unified management of such programs of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials, the Ministry of Home Affairs shall unify the management of diplomas and certificates of programs of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Ministries, Ministerial-level agencies, Governmental authorities: Perform the task of building and implementing the planning and plans of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials under its management - Ministry of Finance: Balance and arrange the fund of training and retraining to submit to competent authorities for approval; guide and inspect the management and use of the fund of training and retraining 20 - Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party: Regulate the learning regime of cadres, civil servants and officials and content of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Lao National Academy of Politics and Public Administration is the only authority that develops the programs of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in Lao PRD, compiles textbooks and documents of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials However, the promulgation and unified management of the programs of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials, diplomas and certificates shall be under the State management authority (Ministry of Home Affairs) The regulations on the functions and tasks of the provincial politics and public administration schools and the promulgation of the written regulations shall be implemented by the Central Secretariat - Provincial Party Committee: Formulate and promulgate the plans of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials and manage the provincial politics and public administration schools and the staff of the provincial politics and public administration schools - The Organization Committee of the Provincial Party Committee is the authority assisting the Provincial Party Committee in the management of the provincial politics and public administration schools; recruiting and managing the staff of the provincial politics and public administration schools - Provincial People's Committee: Manage the infrastructure of the provincial politics and public administration school and the lecturers of the the provincial politics and public administration school - Department of Home Affairs is the advising authority for the State management on the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in the province; the provincial People's Committee decides the work of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials from the planning, implementation of the plans, inspection and examination 4.2.4 Expansion of autonomy of institutions in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials Clearly define the functions, duties, powers and responsibilities of managing the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials at all levels; Encourage, support, and facilitate the institutions in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials to promote the active role in internal governance and the activities of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials; well prepare the human 21 resources, in particular, school administrators, members and relevant people who needs the training and retraining to have knowledge and capacity to implement the self-management, initiative and creativity in the work; The head of the institutions in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials plays the important role in the implementation of a new management method, but it is required to mobilize the intellectual contributions of all members of the school and maximize the strength of the agency that sends the cadres, civil servants and officials to attend the training and retraining course in order to improve the quality of the training and retraining in schools; Formulate the standard pedagogical environment; Renovate the testing and evaluation of the training and retraining from the formulation and implementation of evaluation standards by using the forms and methods of testing and evaluation to the implementation of the process of evaluation and processing the results of testing and evaluation of training and retraining results Regarding the empowerment of autonomy of institutions in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials, it is noted that: The institutions in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials are entitled to actively compile the documents and lectures, actively invite and arrange the lecturers, actively apply the active teaching methods; actively perform the work in class organization; be entitled to issue the diplomas and certificates to qualified trainees at the end of the course of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials; be active in financial matters 4.2.5 Enhancement of quality of the lecturers, increase of investment in facilities for the institutions in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials - Enhance the capacity of the lecturers; - Increase the investment in facilities for the institutions in charge of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials 4.2.6 Completion of the inspection and examination mechanism to ensure the decentralized management in training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials Formulate a feasibility inspection and examination system to properly evaluate the decentralized tasks to ensure the uniform management; minimize the local distractions and inadequacies in the implementation of discipline; improve the management efficiency in the training and 22 retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials, contributing to promote the socio-economic development, better serving the needs of the organization and the interests of the people In the Lao PDR, there are no evaluation criteria for the quality of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials, so it is very difficult to control the quality of training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials The following criteria may be referred to: The training and retraining program, trainees, lecturers, facilities, evaluation of learning results, effectiveness after the retraining and organization of training and retraining The inspection and examination of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials must empower the Ministry of Home Affairs because this is the authority which is empowered by the Government regarding the State management of cadres, civil servants and officials Therefore, it will carry out the inspection and examination of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials, and at the same time empower the Ministry of Home Affairs to inspect and examine the management of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants However, the Ministry of Home Affairs shall only exercise the inspection and management over the competent authorities, while the Party authorities shall be under the jurisdiction of the Central Committee CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER Thus, the thesis has proposed the direction to promote the decentralized management of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants on the principle of the democratic centralization, which demonstrates the thorough grasp of the centralized power in State authorities in charge of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants at the central level, ensure the unified management of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants by the Lao National Academy of Politics and Public Administration; solutions to promote the decentralized management of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants 23 CONCLUSION In recent years, the Lao People's Democratic Republic has gradually carried out the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants, in addition to the achievements such as gradually clearly defining the management functions in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants by the relevant authorities, step by step institutionalize the regulations on the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials However, the current decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials still has many shortcomings, inconsistencies, and overlaps in the coordination mechanism between the Lao National Academy of Politics and Public Administration and local authorities, leading to effectiveness of the management activities on the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials In the coming time, the decentralized management in the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials should clearly define the rights and responsibilities (professional management; organizational and human resources management; financial management) of the authorities; at the same time, clearly define the relationship of the powers and responsibilities at the central level between the Lao National Academy of Politics and Public Administration and the Provincial Party Committee and Provincial People's Committee; In the locality, between the Organization Committee of the Provincial Party Committee and the Department of Home Affairs If so, the decentralized management of the training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials shall be successful 24 LIST OF WORKS BY THE AUTHOR MA OUTHONE CHAOPHALYPHANH “Decentralized management in training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic”, Political Theory Journal, Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics, No (42), ISSN 2354 – 1040 MA OUTHONE CHAOPHALYPHANH “Decentralized management in training and retraining of cadres, civil servants and officials in Vietnam currently”, Journal of Education, special issue, period 2- April 2018, ISSN 1859 – 3971 ... Committee or City Party Committee, be subject to the direct, comprehensive and regular leadership and direction of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee or City Party Committee... Administration and the Provincial Party Committee and Provincial People's Committee; In the locality, between the Organization Committee of the Provincial Party Committee and the Department of Home Affairs... public administration schools - The Organization Committee of the Provincial Party Committee is the authority assisting the Provincial Party Committee in the management of the provincial politics