các chuyên đề ôn thi tốt nghiệp, đại học

Cung cấp cho bạn những kiến thức theo chuyên đề Tiếng Anh cơ bản, giúp bạn ôn thi môn Tiếng Anh một cách có hệ thống, có khoa học, dễ nhớ, dễ hiểu. Đặc biệt còn cung cấp một số idioms, các tình huống giao tiếp thường gặp. Tài liệu này sẽ giúp các bạn ôn thi một cách có hiệu quả môn Tiếng Anh

MỤC LỤC CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: PHÁT ÂM – PRONUNCIATION 2 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2: TRỌNG ÂM – STRESS 6 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: THÌ ĐỘNG TỪ 17 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: SỰ PHỐI HỢP THÌ – THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES 29 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5: SỰ HOÀ HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENTS 33 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 6: ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU - MODAL VERBS 36 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 7: CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ– PHRASAL VERBS 45 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 8: THỨC GIẢ ĐỊNH - THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD 62 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 9: DANH ĐỘNG TỪ (GERUND) VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU (INFINITIVE VERB) 69 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 10: QUESTION TAGS (CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI) 77 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 11: SO SÁNH – COMPARISON 81 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 12: TRẬT TỰ CỦA TÍNH TỪ - THE ORDERS OF THE ADJECTIVES 88 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13: MẠO TỪ - ARTICLES 90 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 14: CẤU TẠO TỪ - WORD FORMS 97 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 15: TỪ CHỈ SỐ LƯỢNG - EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY 104 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 16: GIỚI TỪ - PREPOSITIONS 111 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 17: LIÊN TỪ - CONJUNCTIONS 124 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 18: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG - PASSIVE VOICES 136 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 19 : CÂU ĐIÊU KIỆN - CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 145 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 20: CÂU GIÁN TIẾP – REPORTED SPEECH 152 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 21: ĐẢO NGỮ - INVERSIONS 159 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 22: MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ - RELATIVE CLAUSES 165 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 23: THÀNH NGỮ - IDIOMS 172 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 24: CỤM TỪ CỐ ĐỊNH – COLLOCATIONS 182 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 25: MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC THÔNG DỤNG 191 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 26: TÌNH HUỐNG GIAO TIẾP- COMMUNICATION 199 BÀI TẬP TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA (mức độ Nhật biết) 210 50 BÀI TẬP TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA (Mức độ: THÔNG HIỂU – PHẦN 1) 212 BÀI TẬP TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA (Mức độ: THÔNG HIỂU – PHẦN 2) .215 BÀI TẬP TỪ TRÁI NGHĨA (Mức độ: NHẬN BIẾT) 218 BÀI TẬP TỪ TRÁI NGHĨA (MỨC ĐỘ THÔNG HIỂU – PHẦN ) 221 BÀI TẬP TỪ TRÁI NGHĨA – MỨC ĐỘ THÔNG HIỂU – PHẦN 2 223 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1 1 PHÁT ÂM – PRONUNCIATION I Phiên âm Tiếng anh 1 Nguyên âm Vowels (u, e, o, a, i) a Nguyên âm ngắn – Short vowels - / ə/: ago, mother, together - /i/: hit, bit, sit - / ʌ /: study, shut, must - / ɒ /: got job, hospital - /u/: put, should, foot – -/e/: bed, send, tent, spend - / æ /: cat, chat, man b Nguyên âm dài – Long vowels - / iː/ meet, beat, heat -/u:/: school, food, moon - /a:/: father, star, car - / ɔː/: sport, more, store -/ ɜː /: bird, shirt, early c Nguyên âm đôi- Diphthongs - /ai/: buy, skỵ, hi, shy - / ɔɪ /: boy, enjoy, toy – - /ei/: day, baby, stay - /ou /: no, go, so - /au/: now, sound, cow - / ʊə /: poor, sure, tour - / eə /: air, care, share - / ɪə /: near, tear, cheer 2 Phụ âm – Consonants - /b/: bag, baby - /p/: pupil, pay, stop - /d/: dog, daddy, dead - /k/: kiss, key - /m/: mother, map, come - /j/: yes, yellow - /n/: many, none, news - /s/: see, summer - /l/: love, lucky, travel - /z/: zoo, visit - /r/: river, restaurant - /h/: hat, honey - /t/: tea, teach - / dʒ /: village, jam, generous - /g /: get, game, go - / θ /: thin, thick, something, birth - /f/: fall, laugh, fiction - / ð /: mother, with, this - /v/: visit, van - / ʃ /: she, sugar - /w/: wet, why - / ʒn /: vision - / tʃ /: children, chicken, watch - / ŋ /: thank, sing Bài tập áp dụng Chọn từ có phần gạch chân được phát âm khác so với các từ còn lại Exercise 1: 1 A head B please C heavy D measure 2 A note B gloves C some D other 3 A now B how C blow D amount 4 A dear B year C wear D disappear 5 A hate B pan C carrot D matter 6 A improved B returned C arrived D stopped 7 A nervous B scout C household D mouse 8 A favorite B find C outside D library 9 A last B taste C fast D task 10 A future B summer C number D drummer 11 A time B kind C bid D nice 12 A hard B carry C card D yard 13 A my B baby C spy D cry 14 A well B get C send D pretty 15 A weather B ready C mean D head 16 A break B mean C please D meat 2 17 A lucky B punish 18 A planet B character 19 A letter B twelve 20 A humor B music Exercise 2: 1 A enough B young 2 A lamp B pan 3 A about B outside 4 A bread B steamer 5 A cover B folder 6 A steamer B reach 7 A favorite B name 8 A end B help 9 A photo B hold 10 A train B wait 11 A habit B paper 12 A meaning B heart 13 A light B kind 14 A come B more 15 A comb B climb 16 A nation B national 17 A bank B paper 18 A fun B sun 19 A different B literature 20 A cat B fat Exercise 3: 1 A easy B meaning 2 A family B try 3 A smile B life 4 A small B tall 5 A black B apple 6 A dozen B bottle 7 A round B shoulder 8 A money B ton 9 A chest B lemonade 10 A champagne B chaos 11 A islander B alive 12 A stone B top 13 A volunteer B trust 14 A gossip B gentle 15 A daunt B astronaut 16 A clear B treasure 17 A about B shout 18 A none B dozen 19 A crucial B partial 20 A major B native III Cách phát âm của đuôi –s « -s” được phát âm là : + /s/ : khi âm tận cùng trước nó là /p/, /k/, /f/, /θ/, /t/ 3 C pull C happy C person C cucumber D hungry D classmate D sentence D sun C country C match C cousin C bead C here C breakfast C happy C set C fork C afraid C table C please C intelligent C money C bomb C nationality C explain C supermarket C tidy C father D mountain D table D countless D meat D answer D bead D danger D before D slow D chair D grade D speak D underline D somebody D baby D international D same D lunch D finger D apple C bread C happy C beautiful C favorite C gram C soccer C mouth C month C packet C scheme C vacancy C pocket C fuss C gamble C vaulting C spread C wounded C youngster C material C sailor D heat D lovely D like D fall D fall D orange D household D shop D tent D chemist D habitat D modern D judge D garage D aunt D dread D count D home D financial D applicant + /iz/: khi trước –s là: ch, sh, ss, x, ge + /z/: khi âm tận cùng trước nó là nguyên âm và các phụ âm còn lại Ví dụ: A listens / ˈlɪsnz / B reviews / rɪˈvjuːz / C protects / prəˈtekts / D enjoys / ɪnˈdʒɔɪz / Phần được gạch chân ở câu C được phát âm là /s/ còn lại được phát âm là /z/ � Đáp án là C Bài tập áp dụng Chọn từ có phần gạch chân được phát âm khác so với các từ còn lại Exercise 1: 1 A proofs B books C points 2 A asks B breathes C breaths 3 A sees B sports C pools 4 A tombs B lamps C brakes 5 A books B floors C combs 6 A cats B tapes C rides 7 A walks B begins C helps 8 A shoots B grounds C concentrates 9 A helps B laughs C cooks 10 A hours B fathers C dreams Exercise 2: 1 A beds B doors C plays 2 A arms B suits C chairs 3 A boxes B classes C potatoes 4 A relieves B invents C buys 5 A dreams B heals C kills 6 A resources B stages C preserves 7 A carriages B whistles C assures 8 A offers B.mounts C pollens 9 A miles B words C accidents 10 A sports B households C minds 11 A pools B trucks C umbrellas 12 A programs B individuals C subjects 13 A houses B horses C matches 14 A barracks B series C means 15 A crossroads B species C works IV Cách phát âm của đuôi –ed “- ed » được phát âm là : + /t/ : khi âm tận cùng trước –ed là /s/,/tf/, /f/, /k/, /p/, /f/ thì phát âm là /t/ + /id/ : khi trước –ed là /t/ và /d/ + /d/ : khi âm tận cùng trước –ed là nguyên âm và các phụ âm còn lại Ví dụ: A toured /turd/ B jumped / dʒʌmpt / C solved / sɒlvd / D rained / reɪnd / Câu B “-ed” được phát ấm là /t/, các đáp án còn lại –ed được phát âm là /d/ � Đáp án là B Bài tập áp dụng Chọn từ có phần gạch chân được phát âm khác so với các từ còn lại Exercise 1: 1 A worked B stopped C forced 4 D days D hopes D trains D invites D drums D cooks D cuts D forests D finds D thinks D students D boards D finishes D deals D tasks D.focuses D costumes D swords D names D plays D workers D celebrations D wives D headquarters D mosquitoes D wanted 2 A kissed 3 A confused 4 A devoted 5 A catched 6 A agreed 7 A measured 8 A wounded 9 A imprisoned 10 A failed Exercise 2: 1 A invited 2 A removed 3 A looked 4 A wanted 5 A laughed 6 A believed 7 A lifted 8 A collected 9 A walked 10 A admired 11 A filled 12 A visited 13 A kissed 14 A reformed 15 A fitted B helped B faced B suggested B crashed B missed B pleased B routed B pointed B.reached C forced C cried C provided C occupied C liked C distinguished C wasted C shouted C absored D raised D defined D wished D coughed D watched D managed D risked D surrounded D solved B attended B washed B laughed B parked B passed B prepared B lasted B changed B entertained B looked B cleaned B decided B stopped B appointed B educated C celebrated C hoped C moved C stopped C suggested C involved C happened C formed C reached C missed C ploughed C engaged C laughed C stayed C locked D displayed D missed D stepped D watched D placed D liked D decided D viewed D looked D hoped D watched D disappointed D closed D installed D intended *Các trường hợp đặc biệt của đuôi –ed Một số từ kết thúc bằng –ed được dùng làm tính từ/danh từ, đuôi –ed được phát âm là /id/: 6 aged / eɪdʒid /(a): cao tuổi, lớn tuổi aged / eɪdʒd /(Vpast): trở nên già, làm cho già cỗi 2 blessed /blesid/ (a): thần thánh, thiêng liêng 3 crooked / krʊkid/(a): cong, oằn, vặn vẹo 4 dogged / dɒɡdi /(a): gan góc, gan lì, bền bỉ 5 naked /neikid/(a): trơ trụi, trần truồng 6 learned / lɜːnid /(a): có học thức, thông thái, uyên bác learned / lɜːnd /(Vpast): học 7 ragged / ræɡid /(a): rách tả toi, bù xù 8 wicked /wikid/(a): tinh quái, ranh mãnh, nguy hại 9 wretched / ˈretʃɪd /(a): khốn khổ, bần cùng, tồi tệ 10 beloved /bɪˈlʌvɪd /(a): yêu thương 11 cursed / kɜːst /(a): tức giận, khó chịu 12 rugged / ˈrʌɡɪd /(a): xù xì, gồ ghề 13 sacred / ˈseɪkrɪd /(a): thiêng liêng, trân trọng 14 legged / ˈleɡɪd /(a): có chân 15 hatred / ˈheɪtrɪd /(a): lòng hận thù 16 crabbed / kræbid /(a): càu nhàu, gắt gỏng Bài tập áp dụng 1 A naked B looked C crooked 5 D wicked 2 A concerned 3 A laughed 4 A looked 5 A communicates 6 A manages 7 A traveled 8 A beloved 9 A unmatched 10 A naked 11 A scared 12 A used 13 A wicked 14 A increased 15 A crabbed B raised B photographed B naked B mistakes B laughs B learned B learned B learned B beloved B, hatred B blessed B rugged B kissed B advised C developed C coughed C cooked C loves C photographs C landed C used C beloved C learned C aged C cursed C wretched C blessed C proposed  D maintained D weighed D.booked D hopes D makes D fastened D.ragged D sacred D.ragged D crabbed D dogged D worked D faced D raised CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2 TRỌNG ÂM – STRESS 7 Định nghĩa về trọng âm Tiếng Anh là ngôn ngữ đa âm tiết Những từ có hai âm tiết trở lên luôn có một âm tiết phát âm khác biệt hẳn so với những âm tiết còn lại về độ dài, độ lớn và độ cao Âm tiết nào được phát âm to hơn, giọng cao hơn và kéo dài hơn các âm khác trong cùng một từ thì ta nói âm tiết đó được nhấn trọng âm Hay nói cách khác, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đó Khi nhìn vào phiên âm của một từ thì trọng âm của từ đó được kí hiệu bằng dấu (‘) ở phía trước, bên trên âm tiết đó Ví dụ: happy /’hæpi/: trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất clever / ˈklevər /: trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất arrange / əˈreɪndʒ /: trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai engineer / endʒɪˈnɪə /: trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ ba II Ý nghĩa của trọng âm Trọng âm từ đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc phân biệt được từ này với từ khác khi chúng ta nghe và nói tiếng Anh Người bản ngữ phát âm bất cứ từ nào đều có trọng âm Vì vậy, đặt trọng âm sai âm tiết hay không sử dụng trọng âm sẽ khiến người bản xứ khó có thể hiểu được là người học tiếng Anh muốn nói gì và họ cũng gặp không ít khó khăn trong việc nghe hiểu người bản xứ Chẳng hạn: Từ desert có hai cách nhấn trọng âm: trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất / ˈdezət / thì đó là danh từ, có nghĩa là sa mạc, nhưng trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai /dɪ’zɜrt/ thì đó là động từ; có nghĩa là bỏ rơi, đào ngũ Trong tiếng Anh, có một số từ được viết giống nhau nhưng trọng âm ở vị trí khác nhau tuỳ theo từ loại Như vậy phát âm đúng trọng âm của một từ là yếu tố đầu tiên giúp chúng ta có thể nghe hiểu và nói được như người bản ngữ III Âm tiết tiếng Anh Để hiểu được trọng âm của một từ, trước hết chúng ta phải hiểu được thế nào là âm tiết Mỗi từ đều được cấu tạo từ các âm tiết Âm tiết là một đơn vị phát âm, gồm có một âm nguyên âm (/ʌ/, /æ/, /a:/, /ɔɪ/, /ʊə / ) và các phụ âm (p, k, t, m, n….) bao quanh hoặc không có phụ âm bao quanh Từ có thể có một, hai, ba hoặc nhiều hơn ba âm tiết Ví dụ: beautiful / ˈbjuːtifʊll̩ /: có ba âm tiết 6 quickly / ˈkwɪkli /: có hai âm tiết IV Các quy tắc đánh trọng âm 1 Trọng âm theo phiên âm a Quy tắc - Trọng âm không bao giờ rơi vào âm /ə/hoặc là âm /əʊ/ Ví dụ: mother / ˈmʌðə /: trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất vì âm thứ hai có chứa âm / ə / hotel / ˌhəʊˈtel /: trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai vì âm thứ nhất có chứa âm / əʊ / *Lưu ý: Nếu như trong một từ có chứa cả hai loại âm là / ə / và / əʊ / thì trọng âm rơi vào phần có chứa âm / əʊ / Ví dụ: suppose / səˈpəʊz /: trọng âm rơi vào âm thứ hai ago / əˈɡəʊ /: trọng âm rơi vào âm thứ hai opponent / əˈpəʊnənt /: trọng âm rơi vào âm thứ hai -Trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm dài/nguyên âm đôi hoặc âm cuối kết thúc với nhiều hơn một phụ âm Ví dụ: disease/ dɪˈziːz /: trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai vì âm thứ hai có chứa nguyên âm dài /i:/ explain / ɪksˈpleɪn /: trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai vì âm thứ hai có chứa nguyên âm đôi /ei/ comprehend / ˌkɒmprɪˈhend /: trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ ba vì âm thứ ba kết thúc với hai phụ âm /nd/ - Nếu tất cả các âm mà ngắn hết thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất Ví dụ: happy / ˈhæpi /: trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu, vì cả / æ / và /i/ đều là nguyên âm ngắn animal / ˈænɪmll /: trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu vì cả / ae /, /i/, / ə / đều là nguyên âm ngắn b Bài tập áp dụng Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions 1 A writer B carefully C industry D comply 2 A enter B country C canal D cover 3 A patient B ashamed C trouble D alter 4 A sentence B suggest C species D system 5 A believe B defeat C attack D happen 6 A ancient B attract C alive D across 7 A person B surgeon C purpose D possess 8 A hotel B provide C retire D cancel 9 A rapid B private C reason D complain 10 A paper B police C people D cinema 11 A damage B invent C destroy D demand 12 A deny B marry C apply D suprise 13 A pretty B polite C answer D honest 14 A farmer B fairy C country D machine 15 A borrow B allow C agree D prepare 2 Trọng âm với hậu tố/đuôi Hậu tố là thành phần được thêm vào sau từ gốc Hậu tố không phải là một từ và cũng không có nghĩa khi nó đứng riêng biệt 8 Hậu tố/đuôi nhận trọng âm + -eer: Ví dụ: volunteer/ ˌvɒlənˈtɪə /, career/ kəˈrɪə / + -ee: Ví dụ: employee /empl ɔɪˈi:/, interviewee / ɪntəvjuːˈiː/ + -oo: Ví dụ: bamboo/ ˌbamˈbu:/, taboo/ təˈbuː / 7 + -oon: Ví dụ: afternoon/ ˌɑːftəˈnuːn /, cartoon/ kɑːˈtuːn / +-ese: Ví dụ: Vietnamese / ˌvɪetnəˈmiːz / + -ette: Ví dụ: cigarette / ˌsɪɡəˈret / + -esque : Ví dụ : picturesque / ˌpɪktʃəˈresk / + -ade : Ví dụ : lemonade / ˌleməˈneɪd / + -mental : Ví dụ : environmental / ɪnˌvaɪərənˈment(ə)ll̩ / + -nental : Ví dụ : continental / ˌkɒntɪˈnent(ə)ll̩ / + -ain : Ví dụ : entertain / ˌentəˈteɪn / b Hậu tố/ đuôi làm trọng tâm rơi vào trước âm đó + -ion : Ví dụ : population / ˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)nl̩ / + -ic : Ví dụ : economic / ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk / + -ial : Ví dụ : industrial / ɪnˈdʌstrɪəl / + -ive : Ví dụ : expensive / ɪkˈspensɪv / + -ible : Ví dụ : responsible / rɪˈspɒnsɪb(ə)l/ + -ity : Ví dụ : ability / əˈbɪləti / + -graphy : Ví dụ : photography / fəˈtɒɡrəfi / + -ious/eous : Ví dụ : industrious / ɪnˈdʌstrɪəs /, advantageous / ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs / + -ish : Ví dụ : selfish / ˈselfɪʃ / + -ian : Ví dụ : politician / ˌpɒlɪˈtɪʃ(ə)n / c Hậu tố/ đuôi làm trọng âm dịch chuyển ba âm tính từ cuối lên + -y : Ví dụ : biology / baɪˈɒlədʒi /, accompany / əˈkʌmpəni / + -ce : Ví dụ : independence / ˌɪndɪˈpend(ə)ns /, difference / ˈdɪf(ə)r(ə)ns / + -ate : Ví dụ : graduate / ˈɡrædʒʊeɪt /, concentrate / ˈkɒns(ə)ntreɪt / + -ise/ ize : Ví dụ : apologise / əˈpɒlədʒʌɪz / + ism/izm : Ví dụ : tourism/, ˈtʊərɪz(ə)m /, criticism/ ˈkrɪtɪsɪz(ə)m / d Hậu tố không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ 8 - Trừ những hậu tố đã được liệt kê ở các mục a, b, c của phần 2 thì tất cả những hậu tố còn lại đều không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ Ví dụ : + -ful : careful / ˈkeəfʊl /(đuôi –ful không ảnh hưởng nên từ careful trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất và trọng âm rơi vào nguyên âm đôi eə.) + -er : danger / ˈdeɪn(d)ʒə /(đuôi –er không ảnh hưởng nên từ danger trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.) + -or : actor / ˈæktə / (đuôi –or không ảnh hưởng nên từ actor trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.) + -ist : scientist / ˈsaɪəntɪst / (đuôi –ist không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ và theo quy tắc trọng âm rơi vào nguyên âm đôi /ai/ Do đó, từ scientist trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.) + -ous : dangerous / ˈdeɪn(d)ʒ(ə)rəs /(đuôi –ous và đuôi –er không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ nên từ dangerous trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất) + -ly : quickly/ ˈkwɪkli /(đuôi –ly không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ Do đó, từ quickly trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu.) + -hood : childhood / ˈtʃʌɪldhʊd /(đuôi –hood không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ Do đó, từ childhood có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu.) + -ship : membership / ˈmembəʃɪp /(đuôi –ship và đuôi –er không ảnh hưửng đến trọng âm của từ nên từ membership trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.) + -ment : entertainment/ ˌentəˈteɪnm(ə)nt /(đuôi –ment không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ, nên ta xét đến đuôi –ain Theo quy tắc, đuôi –ain nhận trọng âm nên từ entertainment trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ ba.) + -al : historical/ hɪˈstɒrɪk(ə)ll̩ /(đuôi –al không ảnh hưởng nên ta bỏ qua đuôi –al và xét đến đuôi –ic Theo quy tắc, đuôi –ic làm trọng âm rơi vào trước âm đó Do đó, từ historical trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai.) + -less : homeless / ˈhəʊmləs / (đuôi –less không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ Do đó, từ homeless trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.) + -ness friendliness / ˈfren(d)lɪnəs / (đuôi –ness và đuôi –ly không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ Do đó, từ friendliness có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.) + -age : shortage / ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ / (đuôi –age không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ Do đó, từ shortage có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.) + -ure : pleasure / ˈpleʒə / (đuôi –lire không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ Do đó, từ pleasure có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.) + -ledge : knowledge / ˈnɒlɪdʒ / (đuôi –ledge không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ Do đó, từ knowledge có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.) + -ing : teaching / ˈtiːtʃɪŋ / (đuôi –ing không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ trường hợp này có i : Do đó, từ teaching có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.) 9 + -ed : listened / ˈlɪs(ə)nl̩d / (đuôi –ed không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ Do đó, listened có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất, vì theo quy tắc trọng âm không rơi vào âm /0/.) + -able : comfortable / ˈkʌmf(ə)təb(ə)ll̩ / (đuôi –able không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ Do đó, từ comfortable có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất, vì theo quy tắc trọng âm không rơi vào âm / ə /.) + -dom : freedom / ˈfriːdəm / (đuôi –dom không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ Do đó, từ freedom có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.) + -some : troublesome / ˈtrʌb(ə)ls(ə)m / (đuôi –some không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ Do đó, từ troublesome có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.) + -ent/-ant dependent / dɪˈpend(ə)nt / (đuôi –ent không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ Do đó, từ dependent trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai theo quy tắc trọng âm rơi vào những âm kết thúc với nhiều hơn một phụ âm.) assistant / əˈsɪst(ə)nt / (đuôi –ant không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ Do đó, từ assistant trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai theo quy tắc trọng âm không rơi vào âm / ə /.) e Bài tập áp dụng Mark the letter A, B, c or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions 1 A compulsory B technology C academic D eliminate 2 A exploration B attractive C conventional D impatient 3 A responsible B apprehension C preferential D understanding 4 A responsibility B trigonometry C conversation D documentary 5 A doubtful B solidify C politics D stimulate 6 A brotherhood B vertical C opponent D penalty 7 A economics B sociology C mathematics D philosophy 8 A climate B attractive C graduate D company 9 A satisfy B sacrifice C apology D richness 10 A activity B allergic C volunteer D employer 11 A automatic B reasonable C mathematics D preservation 12 A dangerous B successful C physical D gravity 13 A specific B coincide C inventive D regardless 14 A habitable B famously C geneticist D communist 15 A abnormal B initial C innocent D impatient 3 Trọng âm với tiền tố Tiền tố là thành phần được thêm vào trước từ gốc Tiền tố không phải là một từ và cũng không có nghĩa khi nó đứng riêng biệt Trọng âm không bao giờ rơi vào tiền tố Tiền tố không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ Ví dụ: + un-: unhappy / ʌnˈhæpi / (Vì tiền tố un- không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ nên ta chỉ xét trọng âm của từ happy Do đó, từ unhappy trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai Theo quy tắc tiền tố un- và quy tắc nếu tất cả các âm mà ngắn hết thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu.) + in-: inexpensive / ɪnɪkˈspensɪv / (vì tiền tố in- không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ và hậu tố -ive làm trọng âm rơi vào trước hậu tốẾ Do đó, từ inexpensive trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ ba.) + im-: impolite / ˌɪmpəˈlʌɪt / (vì tiền tố im- không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ và quy tắc trọng âm không rơi vào âm /ə/ Do đó, từ impolite trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ ba.) 10 Question 9 Only aggressive species of small animal life are likely to survive in the rough waters nears shallow coral reefs A passive B strong C assertive D marine Question 10 We decided to pay for the car on the installment plan A credit card B piece by piece C monthly payment D cash and carry Question 11 When the business folded, he took the lion's share of the assets A the only part B the smallest part C the easiest part D the biggest part Question 12 It’s a lovely house and very big but nobody uses it so it’s a bit of a white elephant A something very expensive and useless B something very big and useful C something very beautiful and useful D something very cheap and useless Question 13 The shop assistant was totally bewildered by the customer’s behavior A disgusted B puzzled C angry D upset Question 14 The works of such men as the English philosophers John Locke and Thomas Hobbes helped pave the way for academic freedom in the modern sense A terminate B prevented C enhanced D incorporated Question 15 A US man with a large online following in Vietnam has caused widespread anger, and faces possible criminal charges, over a Facebook post thought to have insulted a military hero A embarrassed B offended C confused D depressed Question 16 Jack persisted in attempting to convince his employers to use more technology and fewer people A endured B remained C repeated D insisted Question 17 When posed with a complicated mathematical equation, some students seek the assistance of a teacher A spaced B informed C solved D presented Question 18 At the advent of his speech, he told a joke but the audience failed to laugh A end B commencement C creation D climax Question 19 The Extension Program first established in 1873 at Cambridge University has successfully withstood changing popular trends A sponsored B endured C stabilized in D extended Question 20 Laws on military service since 1960 still hold good A remains for good B is still in good condition C stands in life D remains in effect Question 21 The expression “out of the frying pan and into the fire” means to go from one dilemma to a worse one A situation B predicament C solution D embarrassment Question 22 At every faculty meeting, Ms Volatie always manages to put her foot in her mouth A move rapidly B trip over her big feetC fall asleep D say the wrong thing Question 23 When two people get married, it is with the assumption that their feelings for each other are immutable and will never alter A constantly B alterable C unchangeable D everlasting Question 24 That the genetic differences make one race superior to another is nothing but a tall story A cynical B unbelievable C untrue D exaggeration Question 25 She simply took it for granted that the check was good and did not ask him any questions about it A permitted it B accepted it without investigation C objected to it D looked it over Question 26 Juan Manuel Santos was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize 2016 for his resolute efforts to bring the country’s more than 50-year-long civil war to an end A determined B sure C original D certain 213 Question 27 After many years of unsuccessfully endeavoring to form his own orchestra, Glenn Miller finally achieved world fame in 1939 as a big band leader A offering B deciding C requesting D trying Question 28 As orders are becoming more and more, we’ve been rushed off our feet all week A very angry B very busy C very worried D very happy Question 29 The atomic bomb annihilated the whole city, so nothing was left standing A disturbed B constructed C converted D destroyed Question 30 Parents play a crucial role in a child's upbringing in the formative years They are really the driving force behind whatever the children do A motivation B completion C progress D satisfaction Question 31 Exemplification is always necessary when you are addressing a younger audience A illustration B variation C simplification D exaggeration Question 32 When heated to temperatures above 1250 degrees Centigrade, clay fuses and becomes pottery or stoneware A melts together B steams up C breaks down D burns off Question 33 The restaurant entices more and more customers with its cozy interior and special daily events A attract B free C refuse D convince Question 34 My head teacher has grave doubts as to whether I would pass my university entrance examination I myself feel so worried A personal B serious C private D specific Question 35 The experimented vaccine seems to have both desirable and detrimental effects on the subject’s immune system A beneficial B neutral C needy D harmful Question 36 Many people say that assembly-line jobs are monotonous and unrewarding A comfortable B hard-working C unsatisfactory D expensive Question 37 In the past, women have confined to the domestic sphere A restricted B omitted C excited D pleased Question 38 Important features of dehydrated foods are their lightness in weight and their compactness A organic B dried C frozen D healthy Question 39 Many people criticized the ostentatious lifestyle of some high-ranked officials A debauched B immoral C showy D extravagant Question 40 In the wee hours, while the child is sleeping, the Tooth Fairy takes the tooth and leaves some money under the pillow A soon after midnight B late in the morning C early in the evening D long before bedtime Question 41 Many large corporations will be wiped out and millions of jobs will be lost A escalated B erased C threatened D eradicated Question 42 I am gripped with a fever whenever a new year is coming A I feel disappointed B I am excited C I get upset D I have got a temperature Question 43 When the police arrived the thieves took to flight leaving all the stolen things behind A did away B climbed on C took away D ran away Question 44 Please, you are so nervous, do try to contain your anger A hold back B consult C consume D contact Question 45 Thanks to her regular workouts and sensible diet she certainly strikes me as in the pink A in absolute health B in good health C in clear health D in extreme health Question 46 What I really have in mind is a garden where there is very little to look after throughout the year 214 A think B believe C visualize D consider Question 47 I told you clearly and definitely not to write your answers in pencil, Tom! A considerably B thoroughly C altogether D specifically Question 48 We had a quite fantastic day out at the seaside; everybody had a whale of a time A had a chance to see a whale B had a lot of time to play C enjoyed playing with a whale D enjoy themselves a lot Question 49 The term yard was used extensively by English as the measurement from the tip of a man’s nose to the tip of his outstretched thumb A occasionally B widely C lengthily D precisely Question 50 The appeal was rejected by the committee, despite the fact that it had been signed by over 5,000 people A application B petition C permit D form -^^ THE END ^^ - BÀI TẬP TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA Mức độ: THÔNG HIỂU – PHẦN 2 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions Question 1 The children were full of beans today, looking forward to their field trip A eating a lot B hyperactive C melancholy D lively and in high spirits Question 2 When the protestor entered the meeting clad only in a beach tower, the audience was dumbfounded A speechless B excited C content D applauding Question 3 She is always diplomatic when she deals with angry students A strict B outspoken C tactful D firm Question 4 We had to list the chronology of events in World War II on our test A time sequence B discrepancy C catastrophe D disaster Question 5 The team wasn’t playing well, so the coach took the bull by the horns and sacked several senior players A made the right decision B made the wrong decision C made a bold decision D made a final decision Question 6 It is such a prestigious university that only excellent students are entitled to a full scholarship each year A have the right to refuse B are given the right to C are refused the right to D have the obligation to Question 7 The way the care-taker treated those little children was deplorable She must be punished for what she did A respectable B unacceptable C mischievous D satisfactory Question 8 Talking about your feeling can help you get clear about what you feel A control B banish C get rid of D figure out Question 9 The government has launched a new road safety campaign in an attempt to reduce the number of road accidents A to try to B to aim to C to intend to D to plan to Question 10 A number of programs have been initiated to provide food and shelter for the underprivileged in the remote areas of the country A rich citizens B active members C poor inhabitants D enthusiastic people 215 Question 11 I can't believe what a narrow escape it was when the car went off the road and passed within a few feet of us A lost cause B first-rate C close call D takeaway Question 12 Because she was a few minutes late, she walked quietly into class and sat in the back of the room A rambled B tiptoed C stumbled D crawled Question 13 TV commercials that sell household products have often been accused of reinforcing stereotypes of societal roles A strengthening B modifying C contrasting D exposing Question 14 Her style of dress accentuated her extreme slenderness A betrayed B emphasized C revealed D disfigured Question 15 He was attentive as Betsy and I talked about our charity concert to help the victims of the recent floods A perceptive B indifferent C interested D negligent Question 16 My father hit the roof when he found out that I’d damaged the car A was over the moon B burst with anger C went with the flow D kept his shirt on Question 17 Many organizations have been involved in drawing up the report on environmental campaigns A concerned about B confined in C enquired about D engaged in Question 18 His girlfriend’s behavior at the party was unacceptable, which made everyone there shocked A out of practice B out of line C out of the habit D out of sight Question 19 Please stop making that noise! It really gets on my nerves A cheers me up B wakes me up C amuses me D annoys me Question 20 Denise has been burning the midnight oil trying to finish this report, so I reckon she is exhausted now A making every attempt possible B exercising regularly to keep fit C staying up working late at night D having lots of food late at night Question 21 The guards were ordered to get to the king’s room on the double A in a large number B very quickly C on the second floor D every two hours Question 22 S Mayo Hospital in New Orleans was so named in recognition of Dr Mayo’s outstanding humanitarianism A remarkable B charitable C widespread D popular Question 23 It was inevitable that the smaller company should merge with the larger A urgent B unavoidable C necessary D important Question 24 A living cell is a marvel of detailed and complex structure A magnification B invention C swiftness D wonder Question 25 A striking example of a successful multiethnic country is Switzerland, where French, German, and Italian speakers from diverse religious groups live and work harmony and prosperity A remarkable B legitimate C spontaneous D characteristic Question 26 I’m afraid I’m getting cold feet about this scheme as I’m not sure it’s such a good idea A happy about B worried about C calm about D confident of Question 27 Tet marks the beginning of spring and, for agrarian people who depend on the lunar calendar to manage their crops, the start of the year A traditional ones B minority people C farmers D old people Question 28 The government decided to pull down the old building adter asking for the ideas from the local resident A renovate B purchase C maintain D demolish 216 Question 29 He has sold his house and has no job and so now he has next to nothing A he has nothing at all B he is unemployed C he has almost no money D he has a few things Question 30 Don't play down John’s contribution to the research A pretend B go along with C undervalue D cooperate Question 31 With so many daily design resources, how do you stay-up-date with technology without spending too much time on it? A connect to the Internet all day B update new status C use social network daily D get latest information Question 32 Peter is the black sheep of the family, so he is never welcomed there A a beloved member B a bad and embarrassing member C the only child D the eldest child Question 33 Few businesses are flourishing in the present economic climate A taking off B setting up C growing well D closing down Question 34 My cousin tends to look on the bright side in any circumstance A be confident B be optimistic C be pessimistic D be smart Question 35 Let’s put off that meeting to next Monday A start B postpone C arrange D decide Question 36 I could see the finish line and thought I was home and dry A unsuccessful B hopeful C successful D hopeless Question 37 Pollution will increase to catastrophic levels unless we develop cleaner power sources A low B disastrous C advanced D elementary Question 38 The sale of drug is controlled by law in most countries A restricted B permitted C illegal D binding Question 39 English language proficiency requirements for undergraduate courses are considerably demanding A fitness B competence C understanding D applicability Question 40 Mobile libraries brings books to children in many small communities These libraries travel from towns to towns in cars, vans, or trucks A Moving from place to place B Changing shape or expression easily and frequently C Being bent easily and quickly D Staying in one place Question 41 To prepare for a job interview, you should jot down your qualifications, work experience as well as some important information about yourself A what you have experienced C your own qualities in real life B your bio data and special qualities D what you have earned through study Question 42 Lack of water and nutrients has impeded the growth of these cherry tomato plants A promoted B assisted C realized D prevented Question 43 “It’s no use talking to me about metaphysics It’s a closed book to me.” A a subject that I don’t understand B a theme that I like to discuss C a book that is never opened D an object that I really love Question 44 I strongly recommend that you should take out an insurance policy in the house for your own peace of mind A to stop you sleeping B to stop you worrying C to stop you thinking D to stop you believing Question 45 Every year this charity organization takes on volunteers to support the needy and the poor A dismisses B creates C recruits D interviews Question 46 His involuntary reflexes betrayed his feelings A automatic B unbelievable C unnecessary D unreasonable 217 Question 47 The recent medical breakthrough was the culmination of many long years of experimentation A result B climax C abyss D cultivation Question 48 The editor, preferring a more terse writing style, cut 500 words from the 2000-word article A elegant B factual C descriptive D concise Question 49 My aunt’s new book is published next year A comes on B comes in C comes out D comes up Question 50 His new yacht is certainly an ostentatious display of his wealth A showy B expensive C large D ossified -^^ THE END ^^ - BÀI TẬP TỪ TRÁI NGHĨA Mức độ: NHẬN BIẾT Mục tiêu: - Ghi nhớ được những từ trái nghĩa cơ bản, hay xuất hiện trong các đề thi cũng như chương trình học phổ thông Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions Question 1 School uniform is compulsory in most of Vietnamese school A depended B optional C obligatory D required Question 2 Names of people in the book were changed to preserve anonymity A cover B conserve C presume D reveal Question 3 A large city such as Chicago would be called an urban area A metropolitan B rustic C suburban D sophisticated Question 4 We arrived home safe and sound A healthy B unsound C insound D dissound Question 5 He revealed his intentions of leaving the company to the manager during the office dinner party A disclosed B concealed C misled D influenced Question 6 Slang can be defined as a set of lexical, grammatical, and phonological regularities used in informal speech A informative B official C situational D casual Question 7 Adverse weather conditions made it difficult to play the game A favorable B bad C comfortable D severe Question 8 The Red Cross is an international humanitarian agency dedicated to reducing the sufferings of wounded soldiers, civilians and prisoners of war A happiness B loss C sadness D pain and sorrow Question 9 They are launching a campaign to promote awareness of environmental issues A encourage B publicize C hinder D strengthen Question 10 We have to employ extra staff to deal with the increased workload A approach B dismiss C interview D meet Question 11 The only means of access to the station is through a dark subway A arrival B admission C outlet D output Question 12 Heavy rain makes driving on the road very difficult A light B torrential C storm D shower 218 Question 13 The government is being widely criticized in the media for falling to limit air pollution A attracted B praised C blamed D approved Question 14 Never punish your children by hitting them This might teach them to become hitters A bring B accept C give D.reward Question 15 The problem is due to discipline, or, more precisely, the lack of discipline, in school A informally B flexible C casually D wrongly Question 16 The council has spent an enormous amount of money on this project A tiny B thin C loose D gigantic Question 17 The loss of his journals had cuased him even more sorrow than his retirement form the military six years earlier A grief B joy C comfort D sympathy Question 18 If we use robots instead of humans, many people may be out of work A employed B jobless C inemployed D unemployed Question 19 This speedy and secure service of transferring money can be useful A slow B rapid C careful D hurried Question 20 Our well- trained staff are always courteous to customers A helpful B friendly C rude D polite Question 21 I think it’s impossible to abolish school examinations They are necessary to evaluate students’ progress A stop B extinguish C continue D organize Question 22 We managed to get to school in time despite the heavy rain A earlier than a particular moment B later than expected C early enough to do something D as long as expected Question 23 The palace was badly damaged by fire, but was eventually restored to its original splendor A refurbished B devastated C strengthened D renovated Question 24 After the marriage, Ruth decided to settle permanently in New York A sustainably B constantly C temporarily D regularly Question 25 The first year at university was probably the best and most challenging year of my life It caused me plenty of troubles A tricky B tough C easy D difficult Question 26 Ships crossing the oceans can receive signals from satellites that enable them to calculate their position accurately A carelessly B imprecisely C uneasily D untruthfully Question 27 He is very absent – minded He is likely to forget things or to think about something different from what he should be thinking about A retentive B unforgettable C old – fashioned D easy – going Question 28 We ought to keep these proposals secret from the chairman for the time being A revealed B frequented C accessible D lively Question 29 When being interviewed, You should focus on what the interviewer is saying or asking you A to pay no attention to B be interested in C be related D express interested in Question 30 They've always encouraged me in everything I've wanted to do A unpardoned B misconstrue C discouraged D impaired Question 31 Punctuality is imperative in your new job A Being efficient B Being courteous C Being cheerful D Being late Question 32 Travel insurance is sometimes mistaken for temporary health insurance, but the two are actually different A mutable B permanent C passing D transitory Question 33 All children can attend without paying fees at state schools 219 A primary schools B secondary schools C high schools D independent schools Question 34 That is a well-behaved boy whose behaviour has nothing to complain about A behaving improperly B behaving nice C good behavior D behaving cleverly Question 35 “Mary, I think these clothes are inappropriate for this important celebration.” A suitable B improper C attractive D available Question 36 Despite having a bigger and cheaper choice of healthy foods, many Americans have lost a lot of weight A acquire B win C gained D obtain Question 37 No one knew precisely what would happen to human being in space A informallyB Flexibly C wrongly D casually Question 38 A lot of people think that Angelina Jolie is really hot A cool B unattractive C memorable D beautiful Question 39 Nonfat milk has slightly less fat than low fat A a little B a few C much D small Question 40 I must have a watch since punctuality is imperative in my new job A being on time B being cheerful C being sufficient D being late Question 41 It’s discourteous to ask Americans questions about their age, marriage or income A impolite B polite C unacceptable D rude Question 42 Remember not to show your nervousness during a job interview A confidence B anxiety C challenge D creativeness Question 43 She was unhappy that she lost contact with a lot of her old friends when she went abroad to study A lost control of B put in charge of C made room for D got in touch with Question 44 The United States is a major influence in the United Nations A main B real C minor D true Question 45 More people are now employed in service industries than in manufacturing A jobless B having jobs C trained D vulnerable Question 46 She is a very generous woman She has given most of her wealth to a charity organization A mean B amicable C kind D hospitable Question 47 He found the course difficult so he had to spend most of his time on study A memorable B easy C interesting D hard Question 48 His rude comments made other Facebookers very angry A pleasant B honest C polite D kind Question 49 She denied having stolen his mother's money A refused B admitted C insisted on D reminded Question 50 He had never experienced such discourtesy towards the president as it occurred at the annual meeting in May A rudeness B measurement C encouragement D politeness - THE END - BÀI TẬP TỪ TRÁI NGHĨA MỨC ĐỘ THÔNG HIỂU – PHẦN 1 Mục tiêu: - Ghi nhớ được những từ trái nghĩa ít thông dụng, ngữ cảnh phức tạp hợp hơn - Có khả năng đoán nghĩa của những cụm động từ và thành ngữ dựa vào ngữ cảnh của câu 220 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions Question 1 In this writing test, candidates will not be penalized for minor mechanical mistakes A punished B rewarded C motivated D discouraged Question 2 After their long-standing conflict had been resolved, the two families decided to bury the hatchet A become enemies B become friends C give up weapons D reach an agreement Question 3 The aircraft carrier is indispensable in naval operations against sea or shore based enemies A novel B unnecessary C exotic D vital Question 4 People are now far more materialistic than their predecessors years ago A monetary B greedy C object-oriented D spiritual Question 5 There has been insufficient rainfall over the past two years, and fanners are having trouble A abundant B adequate C unsatisfactory D dominant Question 6 We strongly believe that he's innocent of the crime We do not think that he did it A crimeless B skillful C clean D guilty Question 7 This new magazine is known for its comprehensive coverage of news A casual B inadequate C indifferent D superficial Question 8 He was not afraid to pet the gentle dog even though it was very big A dirty B cold C calm D fierce Question 9 The US troops are using much more sophisticated weapons in the Far East A expensive B complicated C simple and easy to use D difficult to operate Question 10 His replies were inconsistent with his previous testimony A contradicted B compatible C enhanced D incorporated Question 11 If one fails to achieve a goal, his or her efforts are fruitless A profitable B futile C purposeful D useless Question 12 Hazardous waste is waste that has substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment A vivid B risky C dangerous D secure Question 13 The doctor asked John to exhale slowly A imhale B move in C enter D breathe in Question 14 The soldier was demoted for improper behavior A promoted B lowered C resigned D let off Question 15 The emergence of supersonic travel opened new horizons for the military, tourism, and commerce A simplicity B disappearance C urgency D profitability Question 16 Nutritionists believe that vitamins circumvent diseases A defeat B nourish C help D treat Question 17 Golf wear has become a very lucrative business for both the manufacturers and golf stars A unprofitable B impoverished C inexpensive D unfavorable Question 18 Unless you get your information from a credible website, you should doubt the veracity of the facts until you have confirmed them else where A inexactness B falsehoodness C unaccuracy D unfairness Question 19 Marco Polo’s account of his travels has been invaluable to historians A valuable B important C worthless D priceless Question 20 Satish’s point of view was correct but his behavior with his father was quite impertinent A healthy B smooth C inadequate D respectful Question 21 The nominating committee always meets behind closed doors, lest its deliberations become known prematurely A privately B safely C publicly D dangerously 221 Question 22 She was unhappy that she lost contact with a lot of her old friends when she went abroad to study A made room for B put in charge of C got in touch with D lost control of Question 23 The minister came under fire for his rash decision to close the factory A was dismissed B was acclaimed C was criticized D was penalized Question 24 Those who advocate for doctor-assisted suicide say the terminally ill should not have to suffer A support B oppose C annul D convict Question 25 James may get into hot water when driving at full speed after drinking A get into trouble B fall into disuse C remain calm D stay safe Question 26 The situation seems to be changing minute by minute A from time to time B time after time C again and again D very slowly Question 27 Jose had a hard time comparing the iPhone to the Samsung phone because to him they were apples and oranges A containing too many technical details B very similar C completely different D very complicated Question 28 My neighbors are really tight with money They hate throwing away food, don’t eat at restaurant, and always try to find the best price A to spend money too easily B to not like spending money C to not know the value of money D to save as much money as possible Question 29 We were all in a good mood because the weather was good and we were going on holiday the next day A relaxed and comfortable B at ease and refreshed C upset and disappointed D sad and depressed Question 30 The mountainous region of the country is thinly populated It has only 300 inhabitants A sparsely B greatly C densely D largely Question 31 Faced with the economic crisis, many businesses were tightening their belts and cutting jobs A be generous with money B be careful with money C put on tighter belts D dress in baggy clothes Question 32 He is over the moon about his examination result A stressed B very sad C very happy D satisfied Question 33 ‘What I’ve got to say to you now is strictly off the record and most certainly not for publication,’ said the government official to the reporter A already official B beside the point C not popular D not recorded Question 34 These were the people who advocated using force to stop school violence A publicly said B openly criticized C publicly supported D strongly condemned Question 35 During the height of the season, tourists arrive in droves to see Shakespeare’s birthdayplace A in small numbers B suddenly C in large numbers D out of the blue Question 36 On the whole, the rescue mission was well executed A In fact B In particular C At once D In general Question 37 It’s difficult to tell him to give in because he is so big-headed A wise B generous C modest D arrogant Question 38 The presentation by Dr Dineen was self-explanatory A bright B discouraging C confusing D enlightening Question 39 She gave an impeccable reading of the sonata and had the audience on their feet A unqualified B imperfect C suspicious D negative Question 40 I didn't take a deliberate decision to lose weight It just happened 222 A calculated B planned C accidental D intentional Question 41 If you are at a loose end this weekend, I will show you around the city A free B confident C occupied D reluctant Question 42 The newspaper launched a vicious attack on him, forcing him to resign A aggressive B dangerous C cruel D gentle Question 43 As a newspaper reporter, she always wanted to get information at first hand A indirectly B directly C easily D slowly Question 44 He was utterly devastated by the news A surprise B happy C upset D shocked Question 45 The Browns are both unemployed With their six children they must be in a tight corner these day A in disappointment B in a bad condition C wealthy D exhausted Question 46 The Ministry of Education and training of Vietnam has declared a decree on the new educational program paving the way for foreign educational co-operation and investment A initiating B creating C ending D forming Question 47 The device is very sophisticated and should only be operated by someone who is familiar with it A crude B advanced C makeshift D archaic Question 48 Relations between the two countries have improved considerably in the last few years A abolish B demolish C diminish D deteriorated Question 49 Sorry, I can’t come to your party I am snowed under with work at the moment A relaxed about B busy with C interested in D free from Question 50 The power failure at dinnertime caused consternation among the city’s housewisves A anxiety B calm C dismay D deliberation -^^ THE END ^^ BÀI TẬP TỪ TRÁI NGHĨA – MỨC ĐỘ THÔNG HIỂU – PHẦN 2 Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions Question 1 In some societies, language is associated with social class and education People judge one‟s level in society by the kind of language used A connected with B not allowed by C separated from D dissimilar to Question 2 There was a long period without rain in the countryside last year so the harvest was poor A epidemic B drought C famine D flood Question 3 At first, no one believed she was a pilot, but her documents lent colour to her statements A provided evidence for B got information from C borrowed colour from D gave no proof of Question 4 In remote communities, it‟s important to replenish stocks before the winter sets in A remake B refill C repeat D empty Question 5 Friendship changed to antipathy when the settlers took the Indian‟s land A hostility B amity C hatred D fright Question 6 Driver are advised to get enough petrol because filling stations are few and far between on the highway A easy to find B difficult to access C unlikely to happen D impossible to reach Question 7 A good auditorium will ensure that the sound is able to be heard A illegitimate B inedible C inaudible D illegible 223 Question 8 In spite of his being tortured, the captured soldier did not reveal the location of the camp A divert B conceal C digress D divulge Question 9 We have to husband our resources to make sure we make it through these hard times A spend B manage C use up D marry Question 10 This new magazine is known for its comprehensive coverage of news A superficial B indifferent C casual D inadequate Question 11 James could not tell his parents about his many animal friends in the forest and the exciting things that he saw, but he found another way to express himself A speak with voice B keep silent C write his thoughts D communicate Question 12 The police have concluded tentatively that the explosion was caused by a bomb A differently B hesitantly C certainly D temporally Question 13 If any employee knowingly breaks the terms of this contract, he will be dismissed immediately A coincidentally B deliberately C instinctively D accidentally Question 14 Wendy is on the horns of a dilemma: she just wonders whether to go for a picnic with her friends or to stay at home with her family A unwilling to make a decision B able to make a choice C eager to make a plan D unready to make up her mind Question 15 Fruit is customarily treated with sulfur prior to drying to reduce any colour change A subsequent to B previous to C at the time of D proceeding Question 16 With her sophiscated tastes, the singer has become an omnipresent icon of style and beauty A oblivious B controversial C ubiquitous D unknown Question 17 Strongly advocating healthy foods, Jane doesn‟t eat any chocolate A denying B supporting C advising D impugning Question 18 The nominating committee always meet behind closed doors, lest its deliberations become known prematurely A privately B safely C publicly D dangerously Question 19 We are ready to be answerable to the manager for anything that goes wrong A dutiful B responsible C accountable D irresponsible Question 20 The caffeine in coffee invigorates a coffee drinker A galvanizes B extrudes C fatigues D activates Question 21 Organized research may discourage novel approaches and inhibit creativity, so seminal discoveries are still likely to be made by inventors in the classic individualistic tradition A common B coherent C varied D unbiased Question 22 In the Egyptian calendar, the first practical calendar created, the advent of Sirius in the morning sky before sunrise marked the beginning of the annual flooding of the Nile A functional B inefficient C accurate D standard Question 23 The year-end party was out of this world We had never tasted such delicious food A enormous B terrific C strange D awful Question 24 A pessimistic person always sees things on the dark sides A difficult B intelligent C comfortable D sanguine Question 25 I'd like to pay some money into my bank account A put some money into B give some money out C leave some money aside D withdraw some money from Question 26 His physical condition was not an impediment to his career as a violinist He has won a lot of prizes A difficulty B barrier C advantage D disadvantage 224 Question 27 Both universities speak highly of the programme of student exchange and hope to cooperate more in the future A express disapproval of B voice opinions on C find favor with D resolve a conflict over Question 28 They protested about the inhumane treatment of the prisoners A vicious B warmhearted C callous D cold blooded Question 29 We are now a 24/7 society where shops and services must be available all hours A a physical society B an inactive society C a working society D an active society Question 30 After five days on trial, the court found him innocent of the crime and he was released A benevolent B innovative C guilty D naive Question 31 Fruit and vegetables grew in abundance on the island The islanders even exported the surplus A large quantity B excess C small quantity D sufficiency Question 32 During the five-decade history the Asian Games have been advancing in all aspects A holding back B holding at C holding by D holding to Question 33 This puzzle is a piece of cake; I can do it with my eyes closed A very difficult B easy enough C rather boring D quite understandable Question 34 The boy dose not resemble his brother in any way A take up B look up C look after D take after Question 35 When he heard the news, Simon got on the next train to London A got of B got in C got away D got off Question 36 I am at a loss to how you are going to pass your subjects without studying All you do is to play video games all day A try to understand B lose the game C feel like a stranger D know a lot Question 37 For most male spiders courtship is a perilous procedure, for they may be eaten by females A complicated B dangerous C safe D peculiar Question 38 A chronic lack of sleep may make us irritable and reduces our motivation to work A uncomfortable B responsive C miserable D calm Question 39 I‟m sorry I can‟t come out this weekend – I‟m up to my ears in work A very scared B very bored C very idle D very busy Question 40 - “Edwards seems like a dog with two tails this morning.” - “Have you heard the news? His wife gave birth to a baby boy early this morning.” A very proud B exhausted C extremely dissapointed D extremely pleased Question 41 Biologists have introducted a global list of endangered and vulnerable animal species A tare and specious B small but invaluable C weak and easily hurt D strong and not easily hurt Question 42 The young are now far more materialistic than their precedents years ago A monetary B greedy C spiritual D object-oriented Question 43 This shouldn‟t be too taxing for you A comfortable B demanding C easy D relaxing Question 44 The bank announced that it was to merge with another of the high street banks A associate B separate C cooperate D assemble Question 45 In remote communities, it's important to replenish stocks before the winter sets in A remake B empty C refill D repeat Question 46 Are you looking for a temporary or a permanent job? A fierce B stable C fleeting D loose Question 47 Constant correction of speaking „errors‟ by a teacher is often counter-productive, as student may become afraid to speak at all 225 A desolate B fruitless C barren D effective Question 48 Sorry, I can‟t come to your party I am snowed under with work at the moment A relaxed about B busy with C interested in D free from Question 49 She came for Christmas laden with gifts for everyone A later B provided C unloaded D lift Question 50 He takes his dates to intimate restaurants where there is candlelight A quiet B noisy C dark D large and brightly lit -THE END - 226 ... mơn học: Physics (Vật lí), Mathematics (Tốn), Economics (Kinh tế học) , Linguistics (Ngơn ngữ học) , Politics (Chính trị học) , Genetics (Di truyền học) , Phonetics (Ngữ âm học) … * Danh từ tên môn... Quy tắc 18: Với đại từ bất định động từ theo sau chia số Đại từ bất định từ sau: Some one, any one, no one, every one, something, anything, everything, nothing,… Ví dụ: - Everything seems perfect... 30 CHUYÊN ĐỀ SỰ PHỐI HỢP THÌ – THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES Một câu bao gồm mệnh đề (main clause) nhiều mệnh đề phụ (subordinate clause) Khi câu có hai mệnh đề trở lên, động từ phải có phối hợp I Các