Phát triển kinh tế nông thôn ở ba lan trong những thập niên đầu thế kỷ XXI và bài học kinh nghiệm cho việt nam tt tiếng anh

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES BUI VIET HUNG RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND IN THE EARLY DECADES OF THE TWENTY –FIRST CENTURY AND LESSONS LEARNED FOR VIETNAM NỘI ĐỊA Ở ĐỒNG BẰNG SÔNG CỬU LONG Major: International Economics Code: 31 01 06 ABSTRACT Ph.D THESIS OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS HANOI - 2020 HÀ NỘI - 2018 Thesis is completed at Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences Science supervisors: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen An Ha Assoc Prof Dr.Dang Minh Duc Reviewer 1: Prof Dr Do Duc Binh Reviewer 2: Assoc.Prof Dr.Trinh Thi Hoa Mai Reviewer 3:: Assoc.Prof Dr Tran Thi Lan Huong Thesis is to be defended at academy-level thesis appraisal council assembled at……… ….o’clock…………, dated………month……….year…………… Reference of this thesis is available in: - National Library of Vietnam; - Library of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences INTRODUCTION Rationale After becoming a member of the EU on May 1, 2004, the Polish Government implemented a sweeping and comprehensive reform, which strictly met EU accession standards on every aspect such as concentrated on legal, political reforming, completing the institutional framework of the market economy rapidly and sustainably and narrowing the average income per capita gap in the EU With the application of the new rural model theories, the Polish rural area has gradually met the common EU standards in the direction of competition, modernity and sustainable development The achieved results from the implementation of Poland's rural economic development policies in recent years have created impressive economic and social transformations in the rural area To be specific, the scale of the agricultural farm has been expanded, the output of agricultural products and labor productivity are escalating, etc Besides, the adjustments in government policies have promoted the diversification of the rural economy with the booming of nonagricultural enterprises, creating employment opportunities for rural workers, furthering farmers' income rapidly and approaching that of urban residents In Vietnam, over the past 30 years of renovation, the rural economic sector has made obvious changes to the stability of people's material, spiritual life and socio-economic infrastructure Agricultural production activities have achieved rapid and stable growth for a long time, forming Vietnam a leading exporter of agricultural products in the world The policy of rural development approaching the direction of “new rural” was accepted in 2008 through the Decision No 26-NQ / TW dated August 5, 2008 in terms of agriculture, farmers and rural areas of the Board of Executive Central Committee X, creating a positive impact on improving the lives of people in rural areas, etc However, in addition to the remarkable achievements, rural economic development in Vietnam is facing challenges and limitations Many growth indicators are declining, support for production expansion of cultivated land and other resources that have been used to the limit In addition, the population living on agriculture still accounts for a too high proportion though contributes less than 20% of GDP As a result, the income gap between farmers and urban residents is getting increasingly high, etc In the process of development, Vietnam needs to gain experiences from countries with similar agricultural production and successful rural economic development policies On the basis of the mentioned points and analyzing urgent issues, the author chooses the issue of "Rural economic development in Poland in the early decades of the twenty-first century and lessons learned for Vietnam” to his thesis The purpose and task of the thesis research 2.1 Research purposes The dissertation aims to clarify the theoretical issues about rural economic development, analyzing and assessing the current situation of rural economic development in Poland in the early decades of the twenty-first century, evaluating the similarities and differences specials and conditions applicable to Vietnam On that basis, some experiencing lessons and policy suggestions for Vietnam are drawn in the coming time 2.2 Research mission The thesis focuses on performing the following tasks: Firstly, review and systematize basic theoretical issues on rural economic development of published research with the directlyrelated content On that basis, point out theoretical and realistic issues that the thesis needs to continue to study and clarify Secondly, research, assess and analyze the rural economic development policies in Poland in the first decades of the twenty-first century Thirdly, assess the similarities and the applicability of experience lessons for Vietnam The thesis proposes to suggest some implications of policies for sustainable rural economic development in Vietnam for the next period Object and scope of the thesis 3.1 Subject of the thesis research The thesis focuses on the subject of rural economic development in Poland from the perspective of agricultural and nonagricultural production activities in rural areas, the role of the Polish government in promulgating, implementing policies and programs for rural economic development 3.2 Scope of the thesis research Scope of content: The thesis studies rural economic development issues in both theoretical and practical terms, focusing on main contents such as: Agricultural production activities (in the sense of narrow, excluding forestry and fisheries) and nonagricultural activities in rural Poland Scope of space: The thesis focuses deeply on analyzing and evaluating the situation of rural economic development in Poland Scope of time: The early decades of the twenty-first century focused on mainly from 2004 onwards (After Poland became a full member of the European Union) Methodology and research methods of the thesis 4.1 Methodology and research methods of the thesis Based on the theoretical and methodological basis of dialectical materialism and historical materialism in Marxist-Leninist doctrine to consider the process of rural economic development in Poland after Poland became Official member of the European Union 4.1.2 Approach method Historical approach: Consider the context of the EU's rural development policy, the Polish rural development policy and this policy objective to the Polish rural economic development program Systems approach: Consider the process of rural development policy to the implementation of the Polish rural economic development program Interdisciplinary approach: Rural development should be considered and analyzed in the direction of an interdisciplinary approach including: Economy, society and environment International economics approach: Approaching rural economic activities in the dependence on regional development policies, as well as determining the contribution of this sector to Poland 4.2 Specific research methods 4.2.1 Methods of data collection: The dissertation approaches from secondary documents from international organizations such as: European Commission, Polish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, researches of European experts and other oversea experts, e-books information, data of relevant agencies of some European countries and Vietnam in all aspects related to rural economic development 4.2.2 Data processing methods The documents are gathered, translated (if they are foreign language documents), sorted and classified according to each topic and content in the analytical framework The data that needs to be statistically processed is entered into data and processed through Excel software to form tables, charts and graphs Statistical, comparison, analysis and prediction method Analyze statistics on Poland's socio-economic development calculate the economic growth rate, the proportion of rural economy in the national economy at different periods The comparison method is used to assess the difference among periods such as the increase or decrease in agricultural production, rural labor, etc SWOT analysis method: This method shows the current situation and influencing factors to the clearest As a result, the Government of Poland’s solutions in promoting their strengths, taking advantage of opportunities and overcoming weaknesses in rural economic development to deal with the challenges posed are fully recognized New scientific contribution of the thesis Theoretical: Completing the theoretical framework for rural economic development, through clarifying theories of rural economic development, factors affecting from outside and within the country, and rural economic development evaluation criteria In practice: Analyze the current situation of Polish rural economic development, evaluate the successes, limitations and challenges posed in the rural economic development in Poland in the early decades of the twenty-first century Evaluate the similarities and differences between Poland and Vietnam, lessons learned, and policy implications for Vietnam Theoretical and practical meanings of the thesis Firstly, the thesis has shown rural economic development according to the theory of a new rural model with the development of agricultural and non-agricultural production Besides, exploitation of initiatives at the local level is becoming the main trend in rural development in developed and developing countries Secondly, concentrate on the assessment of successes and shortcomings, similarities and application conditions in the implementation of rural economic development in Poland In the context that Vietnam is integrating deeply with the region and the world, the thesis has drawn lessons and policy implications for rural economic development in Vietnam Thirdly, the dissertation's research results are a very useful document for teaching at universities, references for domestic and foreign researchers, planners and practitioners, policies for rural economic development in Vietnam The structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, the conclusion, the list of the author's published research related to the thesis, the list of references, the index and the appendix, the thesis is structured with chapters as follows: Chapter 1: Overview of research Chapter 2: Theoretical issues for rural economic development Chapter 3: The current situation of Polish rural economic development in the early decades of the twenty-first century Chapter 4: Lessons learned and policy implications for Vietnam CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION 1.1 Published research works related to the thesis 1.1.1 Theoretical research on rural and urban areas Further studies on the concept of overseas rural and urban areas include: Wiggins S, Proctor S (2001) Kathy Miller (2002) Kostas Stimulus (2007) European Commission (2014) pseudo Joop de Beer (2014) Gustavo Bastos BragaI et al (2016); In the country, there is Mai Thanh Cuc (2005) Hoang Viet (2013) 1.1.2 Theoretical research on rural economy The specific studies include: Gustav Ranis and Frances Stewart (1993), Clack Edward (2011) Guogang Wang (2015); Daphne Meredith (2016); Alexandru Pavel (2019) 1.1.3 Researches on models of rural economic development Some typical works such as: J Kirk Ring (2005); OECD (2006); Peter Midmore (2007) 1.1.4 Study of specific cases of Polish rural economic development The authors such as: A.Kowalski, M.Wigier, P.Chmieliński (2008); Józef Mosiej (2014); Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka (2016) Anetta Barska (2018) 1.1.5 Research on agricultural development and rural economy in Vietnam Some notable authors are: Luu Duc Khai (2012) Vu Trong Khai (2015) World Bank 2016, Michaud (2016) Finn Tarp (2017) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2018) 1.2.Some conclusions are drawn related to the thesis and gaps that need further research in the thesis 1.2.1 Agreed issues: Firstly, the concept of rural areas is a controversial concept that is not uniform in application among countries in the region Secondly, provide a part of scientific arguments about rural economic development theory, evaluation criteria for rural development Thirdly, government policy should focus on encouraging the supply of inputs, with a focus on hard infrastructure to promote rural economic development Finally, there is a need to diversify the economy in rural areas, with a focus on the development of non-agricultural production enterprises for rural economic development The issues are still debated Firstly, uniformly apply a concept of rural areas to compare and evaluate the rural economic development of each country Secondly, forms of rural development are appropriate for countries namely: The old mode of rural development focused on agricultural subsidies The new one focused on: Invest and improve competition in rural areas by exploiting strengths and characteristics of each region and region Thirdly, the issue of institutions and policies for rural economic development should be concretized, creating a driving force to promote non-agricultural production activities in rural areas Finally, promote decentralization between the central government and the local government to increase accountability and accountability in policy making and implementation Moreover, improve the ability to engage with private organizations in the century? What are the lessons learned from Polish rural economic development for Vietnam? 1.3.2 Analytical framework of the thesis CHAPTER THEORETICAL ISSUES OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 2.1 Theories of rural economic development 2.1.1 Theory of two regions (dualism theory) According to this theory, urban areas are modern and dynamic, while rural areas are supposedly undeveloped Countries should prioritize the development of industrial production over rural development 2.1 Endogenous growth theory (or new growth theory) Promote free markets and reduce government intervention There is a need to call for community participation, strengthen economic opportunities in rural areas Rural development approaches need to be changed from top-down to a bottom-up approach in order to effectively exploit local resources 2.1.3 Sustainable livelihood theory Focus on the production transition as well as institutional change with the aim of alleviating poverty and eradicating inequality in rural areas (Schejtman and Berdegué, 2004) These methods focus on methods of economic development by region and using the typical comparative advantages of each region as the driving force for development 2.1.4 Theory of the new rural model Countries need to take a regional approach when making rural development policies instead of a sector approach As a consequence, make rural policy possible to integrate, harmonize with 10 other sector policies and improve public expenditure effectively and rationally in rural areas Rely on strategic investment to encourage the development of activities that bring the highest production efficiency for each region Additionally, exploit the characteristics of each region as a factor creating a new competitive advantage 2.2 Rural economic development 2.2.1 Concepts of the rural area, the rural economy and rural economic development In the EU (2014), it is defined that rural areas are areas with a population density of less than 150 people per km2 In Poland, the classification of criteria is applied according to the common standards of the European Union Development concept: Development is a constantly changing process that increases people's living standards and equitably distributes growth gains in society The concept of economic development Economic development is a change in all aspects of the economy in a given period of time, an increase and decrease in the size of output, the quality of the change in the economy, and progress of society The concept of rural economy: The concept of rural economy includes activities of agricultural and non-agricultural production to generate rural growth The process of diversifying economic activities in rural areas, in which concentrating all resources to attract and promote non-agricultural activities in order to create jobs and improve people's income 2.2.2 Rural economic development characteristics 11 Some key features: (1) be a factor in rural development; (2) create the modernization of rural areas; (3) moving towards liberalization according to the market mechanism; (4) link with the diversification of the rural economy (5) Aim for decentralization in management and towards sustainability 2.2.3 Rural economic development content The content of rural economic development includes the following five basic elements: (1) Improve the quantity; (2) Better the quality; (3) Diversify product structure; (4) Change the organization and market and (5) Ensure fairness across regions, population groups, generations, men and women In order to achieve the above contents, rural economic development policies focus on: Improving the competitiveness of the agricultural production sector; human resource training and development; rural infrastructure modernization; based on local resources; complete supply chain system of agricultural products; diversify non-agricultural production activities; and perfecting the system of policies to support rural economic development 2.3 Factors affecting rural economic development 2.3.1 Outside impact factors Depending on the degree of national integration with the region and the world, the influence of external factors on rural economic development differs As a member of the European Union, therefore, Poland is bound by regulations and policies at the EU regional level Some of the prominent changes of the region have been affecting rural economic development in Poland such as: (1) the European Union's rural development policy; (2) the public debt crisis; (3) regional migration, (4) population aging (5) Brexit in the European Union 12 2.3.2 The factors affecting the country Rural economic development is affected and influenced directly by factors such as natural and social conditions, resources for rural economic development, quality of rural human resources, and applicability technology and policy change 2.4 Evaluation criteria and analytical framework for rural economic development 2.4.1 Group of evaluation criteria for agricultural production in rural areas GDP in agriculture and the share of agricultural GDP in GDP of the whole economy; Farm size; Agricultural labor productivity 2.4.2 Criteria group for non-agricultural activities evaluation Average income per capita; Labor employment in rural areas; Criteria to measure labor mobility in Polish rural areas; Rural infrastructure modernization; Spending on innovation and creativity (R&D); Number of non-agricultural production enterprises in rural areas CHAPTER 3: THE CURRENT SITUATION OF POLISH RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE EARLY DECADES OF THE TWENTY – FIRST CENTURY 3.1 Natural conditions, socio-economic in Polish rural area 3.1.1 Natural condition 3.1.1.1 Polish terrain location Poland is a country located in Central Europe, covering a total area of 3,127,000 km² with a population of 38.56 million, ranking 6th in the European Union in terms of both population and area 3.1.1.2 Weather condition 13 There is considerable variation in the length of each individual season Average air temperature in the period 2010-2018 ranged from 7.5 ° C to 9.6 ° C and rainfall varied greatly from 576 mm to 830 mm 3.1.1.3 Countryside Poland is divided into 16 regions with 314 districts and 2,479 communes Polish rural areas are divided into remote rural areas, areas bordering urban areas There are main types of areas: (1) pure rural areas; (2) the intermediate areas and (3) the urban area 3.1.2 Social and economic conditions 3.1.2.1 Population status The population fluctuation in Poland is not much with the amplitude of increase or decrease between years averaging 0.2% per year In 2018, Poland's population was 38.41 million Rural areas increased by 547 thousand people in 2018 compared to 2000 because of an increase in the birth rate, increased immigration in improved rural areas 3.1.2.2 Labor situation in rural areas The employment trend contributed to the increase of the group of workers aged 15 - 24 years old from 50.4 to 50.9% in the period of 2014-2018 The employment rate of the elderly group (male 55-64, women 55-59) also witnessed an increase of 49.4-54% Meanwhile, this rate increased slightly at 36 -37% towards young workers (18-24) Unemployment: Poland benefits from the financial resources of the EU region to improve living conditions, infrastructure, and labor skills The rural unemployment rate has decreased significantly from 17.6% in 2004 to 8.5% in 2014, and nowadays it reaches only 4.2% in 2018 14 Trends in labor mobility in Polish rural areas: International workers who migrate into rural Poland in recent years increased from 38,500 in 2006 to 86,000 in 2018 They are mainly unskilled workers that come from Ukraine 3.2 Polish rural economic development in the first decades of the twenty-first century 3.2.1 Some key features of Polish rural economy Focusing on "narrow policy" combined with regional development strategies to focus on solving specific goals such as: (1) Improve the competitiveness of the agricultural sector; (2) Train and develop rural human resources; (3) Modernize rural infrastructure; (4) Diversify the rural economy, etc 3.2.1.1 Transition period from 1993 to 2004 Poland has made strong adjustments to "Rural Development Policy" with a series of other policies adjusted towards agricultural liberalization, farm competition promotion and financial support incentives for production 3.2.1.2 EU integration period from 2004 to present Transform the growth model towards sustainability and EU standards The operation of policies in rural economic development is in line with regional policies 3.2.1.3 The movement of Polish rural economy During the period 2000-2018, GDP growth in rural areas increased by 60% with a value of 92,841 million euros Average growth in rural areas in the period 2000-2014 was 3.3%- the highest GDP growth among OECD countries The share of GDP in rural areas varies from period to period and accounts for 30% in 2018 The income per capita in the Polish rural area increased significantly from USD 10,556 in 2000 to USD 17,035 in 2018, 15 however, there are regional differences Labor productivity in Poland has changed significantly Productivity levels are seen converging on a par with the national average from 81% in 2000 to 87% in 2014 3.2.2 Measures to develop the Polish rural area economy 3.2.2.1 Current status of agricultural production development The rate of agricultural production in Poland's GDP decreased gradually from 4.5% in 2004 to 2.4% in 2016 The value of agricultural output in recent years reached a high value with 23,206 million euros, up 4, 65% compared to 2016 The number of farms with an area of 20-50 hectares has increased from 97,000 farms in 2010 to 102,000 farms in 2016 The number of farms larger than 50 hectares has also increased from 27 to 34 thousand farms in 2016 The proportion of some Polish agricultural products in the EU 28 is increasingly high, such as apples 26.4%, poultry 15.1%, white cabbage 31.4%, followed by products such as barley, oats and the 3rd in the EU are beets, wheat 3.2.2.2 Development of non-agricultural activities in rural areas The proportion of rural workers participating in nonagricultural activities remains low; Polish rural economic diversification activities are improved with EU financial support; Promoting entrepreneurship, self-employment in rural areas was strongly implemented when Poland became an EU member; The development of self-employment and production activities in rural areas has attracted a large workforce 3.2.2.3 Developing the rural labor market Active labor market policy is implemented with a focus on 03 goals:(1) Develop vocational training programs to provide workers with new skills;(2) Increase recruitment demand for 16 businesses through wage support mechanisms, investment in job creation (3) Enhance job connectivity through upgrading job searching systems 3.2.2.4 Rural infrastructure modernization Invest in Polish rural areas to promote sustainable growth in national development strategy Public investment in infrastructure always accounts for a high proportion of GDP, which was equivalent to 3.5% of GDP in 2015- higher than the average rate of the OECD countries of 3.1% Rural infrastructure investment activities are quite diverse from modernization of the transport, energy, and communication sectors, etc 3.2.2.5 Enhancing the application of science and technology The innovation network was established by the Polish government in 2015 Along with this network, private consulting service centers, businesses, agricultural extension services, etc positively contribute to production growth Some initiatives to increase the application of science and technology:(1) Build a national innovation network with the links of universities, research institutes, associations, etc linked with the regional innovation network;(2) Mobilize ranchers to participate in an innovation and cooperation network funded by the EU budget;(3) Complete policies on increasing access to policies to support investment in ecological innovation technology 3.2.2.6 Enhance the role of government in rural economic development Adjustment of policy and institutional frameworks: Compliance and strict implementation of EU integration criteria; Implementation of rural development programs 17 3.3 Evaluation of successes and limitations on Polish rural economic development 3.3.1 Analysis of factors affecting rural economic development in Poland Poland is focusing on market development, production investment (S + O); Strategy (W + O) to overcome weaknesses, take advantage of opportunities by solutions to promote land accumulation; Strategy (S + T) exploits advantages, strengths and mitigates challenges: exploiting community initiatives to mobilize resources; Strategy (W + T) overcomes weaknesses, minimize challenges to achieve sustainable development 3.3.2 Some achievements in rural economic development (1) Poland's rural area has made impressive changes; (2) land accumulation policy has created a change in production methods of agricultural farms; (3) agricultural production still plays an important role in the development of rural areas; (4) production capacity and competitiveness of farms are supported by policies and initiatives in rural economic development; (5) the contribution to non-agricultural activities is increasing; (7) rural labor force has been improved day by day; (8) Policies are tailored to the common standards of the region (9) use financial resources efficiently 3.3.3 Limitations and causes in rural economic development Average farm area in Poland is less than 20 hectares- lower than the EU average Poland's agricultural sector is still a labor intensive sector compared to EU member states Agricultural production activities have not yet developed sustainably, and are highly dependent on external financial resources Diversification of rural economic activities is limited in many areas 18 3.3.4 Some assessments of initiatives and solutions that Poland has implemented in rural economic development (1) Apply a new rural theoretical framework with SWOT analysis to formulate strategies and action programs (2) Promote rural economic diversification through off-farm activities; (3) The rural labor market is strongly changed by decentralization in management, flexibility in training and vocational training; (4) Integrate implementation of regional programs with domestic programs (5) Use financial policies to intervene in the real estate trading market through the use of preferential credit (6) Implement decentralization and strengthen the role of the local level;(7) Establish agricultural information supply systems, agricultural extension centers to broaden rural access; (8) Change approaches to rural economic development (implementing LEADER programs) CHAPTER LESSONS LEARNED AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR VIETNAM 4.1 Similarities and differences in rural economic development between Poland and Vietnam 4.1.1 Some similarities between the two countries Legal and policy framework for rural economic development: Implementing the transition from a centrally planned economy to a market-oriented economy, gradually eliminating the subsidy mechanism in agricultural production Co-implement rural development programs along with some similar contents in objectives and methods Socio-economic conditions in rural areas along with the majority of the population concentrated in rural areas 19 Measures in rural economic development: Agricultural production has shown rapid output growth, rapid exports Labor productivity is improved and all applies the policy of land accumulation Agricultural restructuring is accelerated with activities to diversify the rural economy Rural infrastructure has been improved along with a trained rural labor force, applying science and technology in production 4.1.2 Some differences Institutional reform and establishment of market economy mechanism in Vietnam are still in the stage of completion The implementation process still has many uncontrolled and ineffective fields To be specific, the quality of agricultural products still has a lot of antibiotic residues, exceeding the threshold of international standards There are significant differences in the measures for implementing rural development programs such as land accumulation, innovation, market economy, supply chain linkage model 4.2 Lessons learned in rural economic development 4.2.1 Some of the Polish success lessons that Vietnam can learn from (1) Analyze strengths, weaknesses, challenges and opportunities to build strategic and policy framework for rural economic development and have appropriate strategies; (2) Agricultural production development programs should focus on increasing the competitiveness of agricultural production;(3) Rural economic diversification needs to attract production enterprises, labor qualification training; (4) Take advantage of opportunities from the integration process with improved 20 transparency in policy implementation, promote strengths to attract international financial resources 4.2.2 Some lessons should be avoided In the agricultural sector: Production activities are labor intensive Regional differences in production with different productivity lead to low income in many regions Unsustainable production also depends much on financial support from outside In the non-agricultural sector: The diversification of the rural economy in many areas is still slow Workmanship and labor skills in the non-agricultural sector are limited and not creating flexibility in career transition Farm management skills for tourism, service, and non-agricultural production are still weak, which leads to not high income from off-farm activities 4.3 Policy implications in the implementation of rural economic development in Vietnam 4.3.1 Completing the policy framework for rural economic development The government should have a policy of comprehensive rural economic development rather than just agriculture A number of supporting mechanisms and policies for disadvantaged, remote and isolated areas need to be completed as a basis for promoting the process of restructuring and diversifying the rural economy Rural economic development policies need to be completed synchronously 4.3.2 Regional and international integration for rural economic development Improve competitiveness in the agricultural sector; develop the training of highly skilled human resources to meet the requirements of international integration; strengthen the forecasting of demand for rural human resources; Enhance vocational training 21 for rural workers in terms of non-agricultural sectors such as tourism, services, manufacturing, etc In the current regional integration context, it is necessary to increase investment in infrastructure in rural areas, connect rural areas with urban areas in the country and regional countries Quickly perfect the law on public private partnership in agriculture in order to exploit the resources of private enterprises and foreign enterprises invested in agricultural infrastructure effectively carry out the process of restructuring the rural economy by diversifying nonagricultural activities Implement measures to attract businesses to operate in rural areas such as tax exemption and reduction, labor income support; Build a rural tourism farm model through perfecting a preferential credit mechanism, compulsory insurance for farm owners, and legalize farm owners with certificate certificates in rural tourism business CONCLUSION On the research basis, the author draws some conclusions as follows: Firstly, the thesis has completed the theoretical framework of rural economic development to serve as a scientific basis for research and analysis Secondly, through the analysis of the current situation of Polish rural economic development, the thesis has stated the results achieved Thirdly, the dissertation also pointed out the remaining limitations They are considered challenges that the Polish government needs to solve in the coming time in terms of rural economic development 22 Fourthly, the thesis has analyzed and evaluated the similarities and differences in rural economic development between the two countries Thereby, offer lessons that Vietnam can apply, give functions policy ideas on rural economic development in Vietnam in the coming time Fifth, access to documents as well as the ability to access to practice policymakers and implementation organizations in Poland are limited Consequently, the thesis does not have the conditions to focus on clarifying the reality of each model of rural economic development at the local level of Poland, or the typical cases in attracting businesses to the local area The limitations in the thesis also opens the next research on this topic by a bottom-up approach, which are combined with qualitative interviews on farms, farmers and government agencies Thus, gain a better understanding of the ability to access regional and government resources in rural economic development as well as better understand the initiatives adopted by the Polish government and people In summary, the author highly expects applicability of a complete theoretical framework on rural economic development, specific analysis on the similarities and differences between the two countries in rural economic development The lessons learned and policy implications given in the thesis will contribute extremely usefully to Vietnam in planning strategies and implementing programs for effective and sustainable rural economic development 23 LIST OF PUBLISHED RESEARCH RELATED TO THE THESIS Bui Viet Hung, Dao Thi Phuong Lien (2020) “Short agricultural products supply chains in Poland” some theoretical and practical issues” " Review of world economic and political issues No 4.2020 pages 31-41 Bui Viet Hung (2020) "Some theoretical and practical issues about Polish rural economic development" European Studies Review- No 2020 , pages 49-61 Bui Viet Hung (2019) "Poland’s agricultural Land accumulation in rural economic development in the early years of the twenty-first century" European Studies Review - No 2019, pages 22-32 Bui Viet Hung (2019) "Innovation in the Polish economy and enterprises - Lessons from Vietnamese experiences" pages 174 - 184; Proceedings of the National Scientific Conference - National Economics University, Social Labor Publishing House in April 2019 Bui Viet Hung (2019) "Distribution channels and consumption trends of agricultural products in the EU: Opportunities and challenges for Vietnam's agricultural exports" Review of world economic and political issues No 2019 Pages 14-22 Bui Viet Hung (2019) " Impacts of Brexit on the European Union’s and the United Kingdom’s Agriculture and rural development programme" - European Studies Review - No.9.2018 Pages 74-84 Bui Viet Hung (2017) "Short food supply chains and local food systems in the EU: Some theoretical and practical issues" European Studies Review - No 6, 2017 Pages 32-44 24 ... Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka (2016) Anetta Barska (2018) 1.1.5 Research on agricultural development and rural economy in Vietnam Some notable authors are: Luu Duc Khai (2012) Vu Trong Khai (2015) World Bank... development in Poland in the early decades of the twenty-first century Evaluate the similarities and differences between Poland and Vietnam, lessons learned, and policy implications for Vietnam Theoretical... economic development in Poland in the early decades of the twenty-first century, evaluating the similarities and differences specials and conditions applicable to Vietnam On that basis, some experiencing