Psychology assignment about gender prejudice

A) INTRODUCTION In recent years, the Vietnamese government has always promoted gender equality and the advancement of women The remarkable result is that Vietnam is the most successful country in eliminating the gender gap in Southeast Asia However, gender inequality, especially for women, is widespread in many areas Women are inferior to men in many ways, such as accessing health care services, pursuing higher education, participating in management at organizations ,etc Besides women, harder than men while looking for jobs, advancing at work Or men also face significant barriers when pursuing areas that are often thought to be only for women, or in expressing their own style The issues of gender inequality still occur in practice, although scientific studies show that men and women have equal social capacity, only biologically different There are many causes of gender inequality, but the main and most unstable cause is gender bias Gender stereotyping is a major barrier to the development of gender equality Because these preconceptions have existed for a long time and have deeply rooted in people's thinking, preventing people from developing towards progress With that problem, the purpose of this study is to understand the nature, origin and effects of gender prejudices on society Therefore, we can understand and propose some measures to remove them B) REASEARCH METHODOLOGY 1) Participants Participants are 140 people who are older than 18 years of age with different projections on gender, region, education level, occupation, Participation was anonymous and voluntary 2) Materials and Procedure We have assessed the current situation of gender prejudice in Vietnam through a psychological survey (including multiple choice questions) And our prediction is a very popular gender bias in Vietnam The survey was developed with content questions surrounding gender prejudice: the prevalence of gender prejudices in Vietnam, the influence of gender stereotypes on people and society and solutions can be done to eliminate gender prejudice The survey is made up of 17 multiple-choice questions and question asking participants to write their thoughts The questions have a content around gender prejudice: the popularity of gender prejudices in Vietnam male, the influence of gender prejudices on people and society and possible solutions to eliminate gender stereotypes The questions are written in Vietnamese and the survey is shared to everyone via Facebook The survey participants are random and answer questions according to their own circumstances and thoughts In the survey, there were questions to classify participants by age group and gender On average, each participant takes to minutes to complete the survey Finally, we obtained 140 responses from the participants The answers collected in the Google Drive spreadsheet are linked to the Google Forms form Through the results, we obtained specific data to analyze and develop charts to assess the status of gender prejudice in Vietnam However, in the process of conducting the survey, we had difficulty when some participants answered the question incorrectly with their actual thoughts and circumstances Therefore, in addition to the data collected, we also refer to data from some prestigious scientific researches on gender stereotypes in Vietnam recently to obtain the most realistic data C) DISCUSSION I) SOME GENERAL KNOWLEDGE ABOUT GENDER PREJUDICE 1) Definition of gender prejudice With today's trend, with gender equality goals, it is necessary to have a common understanding of the concept of gender prejudice What is gender prejudice? Currently there are many concepts of gender prejudice According to Vietnamese filling words (Institute of Linguistics - Da Nang Publishing House - 2003), prejudice is a separate idea that is available, difficult to change Gender stereotyping is everyone's thinking about what women and men are capable of doing and the kind of work they can and should do; is a set of characteristics that a particular group of people, a particular community, attribute to men or women According to Clause 4, Article of the 2006 Gender Equality Law, gender stereotypes are biased and negative perceptions, attitudes and assessments of characteristics, positions, roles and capacities of the year or women Although in this modern era, gender prejudice has been somewhat improved, but still not out of the existing feudal trend, it is to bring privilege to men and make women vulnerable Accordingly, if a woman is not skillful in housework but is energetic, good at doing business, has a sharp appearance and personality, and can discuss and "argue" with The opposite sex is not appreciated because compared to the pattern of a woman who has been molded, it is clear that such a girl is not "feminine" That view clearly shows prejudice to women Because it is not just women who have to take care of the housework, the man must be passive and obey men In fact, there are many women who are very active and assertive, taking on important roles in society However, due to gender prejudice, they are not always facilitated by family and society to promote their talents Thus, based on the concept of gender prejudice, our group would like to introduce the concept of gender prejudice Gender stereotypes are the existing perceptions, attitudes, and conceptions that a group of people, a community of people attribute to properties, characteristics, roles, and capabilities of men gender or women 2) Characteristics of gender prejudice Gender stereotypes show the systematization of attitudes towards men and women on the status, roles, capacities, characteristics and characteristics of men and women, associated with differences Gender prejudice is formed in a long-term way from this life to another, is inherently conservative, deeply rooted and rooted in social life, thus eliminating gender prejudice is very difficult It has been shaped for a long time and left a strong mark on the proverbial folk song (for example, most male writers write it down) and still exists today, gender stereotypes available in all areas of social life such as family, labor, study Gender stereotypes lead to negative and biased assessments of positions, roles and capacities of men and women, thus hindering the exercise of the rights of men and women, leading to disadvantages for men and women, leading to hindering the goal of gender equality For example, it is often said that women are not strong enough to be leaders, or men are incapable of caring for children These concepts are often misleading, in fact, personality traits not only men or women, but men and women can However, these characteristics are often attributed to men or women from a critical perspective and make them marginalized in some respects It is this prejudice that limits women or men to participate in jobs that they can easily accomplish II) THE IMPACT OF GENDER PREJUDICE In career Gender stereotypes can put pressure on both men and women, creating limits that they can hardly overcome, forming a gulf between them with differences in how they view, evaluate, and behave Gender stereotypes can make women or men misjudge themselves as well as misjudge others, simplify or prevent accurate understanding of other people's cognitive processes We conduct research surveys on gender differences in personality traits We conducted a survey of 140 people aged from 18 to 30 and over 30 years of age predicting "male models" and "female models" based on a statistical table of 15 characteristics includes ‘’ strong ’’ , ‘’ to cause fight ’’,’’ talkative’’, ‘’ independence ’’ , ‘’ careful, thoughtful ‘’ , ‘’ interested in appearance ‘’ , ‘’ likes math and science ‘’, ‘’ love literature and art ‘’ , ‘’ reality ‘’ , ‘’active “ , ‘’ sensitive ‘’, ‘’ using wind language ‘’ , ‘’ very objective’’, ‘’ orderly ‘’ , ‘’ ability to express feelings ‘’.The characteristics that people think are the characteristics of men are classified into columns for men, the characteristics that people think are characteristics of women are classified as columns for women Our survey results are given by the graph below With corresponding to” strong ’’, corresponding to ‘’to caught fight ‘’, similar to 15 The results indicate that men are considered to have characteristics related to competency and therefore more inclined to work, whereas women are considered to be more expressive, warm and therefore more human Therefore, it is often said that women are not strong enough to be leaders or men are not clever enough to housework, take care of their children These concepts are often misleading , in fact, these personality characteristics are not only for men or women but both men and women can However, these characteristics are often attributed to men or women from a critical perspective and make them marginalized in some respects This prejudice limits men or women to participate in jobs that they can easily complete Referring to the influence of gender prejudice is the negative effects of gender prejudice Gender stereotypes are detrimental to both men and women Why? They are not just stereotyping men and women.They still stereotype the whole work One of the gender stereotypes is quite evident: attaching women to family roles and attaching men to social roles Many individuals feel that a man does not belong in a feminine profession and on the contrary, a woman does not belong to a masculine profession In our survey, we asked about a profession like a firefighter, police officer, military or doctor is suitable for what gender Up to 55.8% of participants said that men would be more suitable for these jobs About 42,8 % individuals think that these jobs are suitable for both males and females Only 1,4 % of them choose that these jobs are suitable for women Similarly, we have questions about the careers such as nurses, receptionist and teachers is suitable for what gender and the survey results show that it is opposite with the above question The large number of people surveyed said that women are more suitable for these jobs We can see the result in two graphs below: Gender prejudice has become a model of society It has a strong influence on everyone's career choices Today, most people perceive nursing as a women profession , if a man who enter this field have been looked at as out casts In fact, women can also the skillful tasks such as pilots, police and men can also the work they like as nurses, preschool teachers, fashion designers But due to gender prejudice, men have to this job, women have to that job which hinders people from choosing their favorite jobs Many jobs in the economy are sexually stereotyped Fire is supposed to be a man's job, while nurses are considered women's work.Previous studies have shown that such patterns shape our expectations of whether a man or a woman is more suitable for a particular job Their impact is very strong because they can change the recruitment results of many industries For example, stereotyping the nature of work affects the ability of a man or a woman to apply for a job, their ability to receive, the salary level and the criteria for assessing job performance to consider promotion An ideal world is where we can work the job that best suits our abilities and where individuals in a competent position receive the same respect, regardless of gender Another point that we learned from our research is that the influence of gender stereotypes on women is more than men There are 1/5 of 12,300 advertisements recruited on the largest job portals in Vietnam, namely Vietnamworks, JobStreet, CareerBuider, Career Link in the period from mid-November 2014 to mid-January 2015 demand for sex Among the job postings there are gender factors, 70% demand only men, while only 30% expect female candidates to apply This data is probably no longer 100% accurate Therefore, in our survey, we asked the question:” in an organization, you think women have more, less, or have the same opportunities for advancement as men?’’ and ‘’Do you want your leader to be male or female? ‘’to be able to come to a more accurate conclusion The results show that people tend to want their leader to be male and think that men will be more suitable for leadership positions Also, women have less promotion opportunities than men in the same organization Another part of the participants said that their leadership could be male or female, provided they had the capacity and responsibility We can see the progress in people's consciousness Although gender stereotypes have changed in recent years due to social development and the evolution of people’s perceptions, gender prejudice between women and men, with men viewed as superior, still exists, affecting women’s development "I’m not bossy, I’m the boss" (roughly translated: I am not bossy, I am a mistress) Beyoncé declared so in a video supporting the #banbossy campaign The campaign emphasizes the fact that when boys direct, they are often praised as a "leader", but when the girls so, they are often criticized as "bossy" And it happens the same for adults Research and media stories are full of examples of gender stereotypes that disadvantage women leaders A female manager is less listened to by her subordinates.When men direct others, they are often said to be assertive and fluent But when women are leaders, they are often uninvited and arrogant 2) In social life 2.1) About appearance judgment The male stereotype is supposed to have physical strength, be aggressive and competitive characteristics, whereas female characteristics are supposed to be sensitive, caring and compassionate If men act in the female characteristics they are regarded as “wimps”, and if women act like men then they are called “tomboys” In our survey, for the question : “What you think of girls who cut hair and dress in tomboy style, dusty, masculine ?” and “What you think of boys who using cosmetics and makeup ?” The results show that most people not support this and there were no problems, but they did not like it personally They think that it is not appropriate for girls to dress masculine or boys for makeup Only a very small part is not paying attention to that problem and thought it was very normal This makes them feel difficult to express their own style 2.2) In family education Families always play an important role in the formation and development of a person's personality There, the concepts, beliefs, cultural values, gender prejudices, behavioral patterns are transferred from one generation to another The education of children always follows the prescribed patterns for each gender For example, boys and parents often teach children to live with bravery, daring to do, dare to be responsible, courageous, independent and righteous at work, always proving themselves to be men everywhere, anytime For girls to be gentle, discreet, gentle, in communication, talking, polite, adults have to listen and obey what adults say Obviously, the influence of the traditional mindset on the man must be strong (regarding command and command), the woman must be gentle, make sure (regarding obedience) has a long life persistent, persistent, adherent to the thoughts of parents Reality shows that children are under great pressure from the above concepts You must adjust the behavior accordingly to the specific patterns of each gender Observing children playing toys, we find that if boys hug dolls will be ridiculed as “girls”, “sentimental”, girls playing guns will be banned by their parents If they go “turf” will be laughed at Gender stereotypes in the education of parents of children show very early For example, in buying toys for children From the actual observation, we found parents buying dolls, goods for girls, buying mechanical assemblies such as planes, trains, cars for boys The hidden behind the toys that parents buy for children are the desire to form in their children the characteristics, the specific abilities for each gender For girls, toys such as dolls, goods, will help children form tenderness These toys also create conditions for children to become familiar with housework, care and parenting later By buying girls for these toys, parents unconsciously stipulate to implicitly give girls the qualities and abilities that a woman must have, the jobs that women must in the future Toys purchased for boys such as cars, trains, mechanical assemblies formed in boys with strong, courageous, giving children the passion, excitement, nurturing children dreams of becoming pilots, mechanical engineers, builders, football players Meaning a lot of career guidance for boys, in that sense, the toys of girls have few career orientations Considering the opportunity to access educational resources, we see a different investment between boys and girls of parents Families are more biased towards boys in investing in their children's education This stems from gender stereotypes that boys have higher labor capacity and success than girls On the other hand, girls have less time to study at home than boys Girls must help parents with family work, they must complete family work to think about studying In addition to the general psychological and personality qualities parents want to form in their children, they also want their children to become psychologically and characteristically characteristic of men or women These desires are heavily influenced by prejudices and stereotypes about each gender These desires also create differences in their behavior towards boys or girls III) SOME SOLUTIONS TO ELIMINATE GENDER PREJUDICE Firstly, raising awareness of gender equality for people, communities and society through gender propaganda contributes to gender awareness The images of women associated with social roles and men doing household chores are gradually changing the perception in the public that men and women can any job that suits their abilities to meet the needs of society without a clear delimitation for another gender From gender awareness is changed through gender image, gender behavior will change gradually towards equal progress of men and women On the one hand, we assert that the intellectual ability of the two sexes is the same but on the other hand we also acknowledge the gender difference to put women in the right position, to their functions well Women today in the development trend will increasingly reveal new qualities All these qualities need to be promoted, if not tied to prejudice, it will become progress and development and they will contribute greatly to the development of the country Secondly, in order to promote the role and ability of women, social services for families need to be developed widely and suitable to income so that women can easily access Create conditions for women to invest in production, business, improve income, have a voice in the family and from that less dependence on husbands Overcoming basically inequality in some areas such as land use rights, housing ownership, social welfare, insurance regimes Thirdly, women need to reduce family burden For this, not only share, men need to participate in family work with women However, while gender equality is a process, it is also a significant significance for men to share family work with women It is the husband's sharing and empathy that makes many women achieve success in their careers Fourth, leaders in agencies and units have many women who need gender awareness to gain gender equality in recruitment, training and promotion In particular, in the whole society, it is necessary to create conditions for women to have time to household chores, not to regard women as well as men in assigning, demanding and asking without taking into account the fact that the woman must perform the role of motherhood Fifthly, for women themselves, it is necessary to have a harmonious combination of social and family functions Because this is the characteristic of our country women As women often have to have families, have children and raise children For women, the harmony between family and social work is not easy However, there are many women who know how to solve these two functions well and have become a gentle mother, a sure wife, a good manager and a successful scientist Their experience that many women need to study is to try to arrange a scientific way to have time for their families and to accomplish well the social work D) CONCLUSION Gender prejudice is a common social psychological phenomenon, causing great consequences for both men and women therefore, the elimination of gender stereotypes is an essential and urgent thing, to achieve the goal of gender equality - an important goal in international human rights documents E) QUESTIONNAIRE Độ tuổi bạn o​ D ​ ưới 18 o​ T ​ 18 đến 30 o​ ​Trên 30 Giới tính bạn o​ N ​ am o​ N ​ ữ o​ ​Khác Theo bạn đâu đặc trưng giới nam, giới nữ Đặc Mạnh Nói Gây Độc Cẩn Quan Thích Thích Thực điểm mẽ nhiều hấn lập thận, tâm toán văn tế chu đến học học đáo diện nghệ mạo khoa thuật học Nam Nữ Đặc Chủ Nhạy Có khả Rất Ngăn Thường điểm động cảm khách nắp sử dụng diễn đạt quan cảm ngơn ngữ bóng gió nghĩ Nam Nữ Trong gia đình bạn người đưa định quan trọng? o​ Ô ​ ng , Bố o​ B ​ , Mẹ ục khác: o​ M ​ Theo bạn, nội trợ công việc phụ nữ, việc đàn ông? o​ Đ ​ úng o​ S ​ o​ C ​ hai o​ M ​ ục khác: …………………………………………………………………… Bạn có nghĩ gia đình hạnh phúc người phụ nữ có học thức khả kiếm tiền người đàn ơng hay khơng? o​ C ​ ó o​ K ​ hơng ục khác: …………………………………………………………………… o​ M ​ Sau lấy vợ/chồng bạn muốn đứa trai hay gái ( sinh đứa )? o​ N ​ hất định trai o​ N ​ hất định gái o​ T ​ rai hay gái Bạn nghĩ bạn nữ cắt tóc, ăn mặc theo phong cách tomboy, bụi bặm, nam tính? o​ T ​ thấy thật lố lăng, khơng phù hợp o​ T ​ thấy khơng có vấn đề cá nhân tơi khơng thích điều o​ T ​ thấy bạn mặc đẹp, cá tính o​ M ​ ục khác: …………………………………………………………………… 10 Bạn nghĩ việc bạn nam dùng mĩ phẩm, đồ trang điểm ? o​ T ​ ôi thấy bạn điệu đà , không phù hợp o​ T ​ khơng thích việc bạn thích dùng khơng có vấn đề o​ T ​ thấy bình thường mà, dùng ục khác: …………………………………………………………………… o​ M ​ 11 Bạn có gặp định kiến giới tính cơng việc khơng ? o​ C ​ ó Từng gặp nhiều o​ C ​ ó gặp ko nhiều o​ C ​ hưa gặp ục khác: ………………………………………………………………… o​ M ​ 12 Bạn thấy người lãnh đạo bạn nên nam hay nữ ? o​ L ​ ãnh đạo phải nam o​ L ​ ãnh đạo phải nữ o​ N ​ am hay nữ nhiên nam giới hợp o​ L ​ ãnh đạo nam hay nữ họ có đủ lực o​ M ​ ục khác: …………………………………………………………………… 13 Trong tổ chức, bạn nghĩ người phụ nữ có nhiều hơn, hơn, hay có hội thăng tiến nam giới? o​ N ​ hiều o​ Í​ t o​ N ​ gang ục khác: …………………………………………………………………… o​ M ​ 14 Bạn thấy nam hay nữ hợp để làm số nghề bác sĩ, đội, cơng an, lính cứu hỏa o​ N ​ am o​ N ​ ữ o​ C ​ ả hai o​ M ​ ục khác: …………………………………………………………………… 15 Bạn thấy nam hay nữ hợp để làm số nghề giáo viên, y tá, hộ lý… o​ N ​ am o​ N ​ ữ o​ C ​ ả hai ục khác: …………………………………………………………………… o​ M ​ 16 Bạn có cảm thấy áp lực từ định kiến giới làm công việc hay chọn trường, chọn ngành mà khơng phù hợp với giới tính bạn (theo quan niệm người) không? o​ C ​ ó Rất áp lực o​ C ​ ó Nhưng không nhiều o​ K ​ hông o​ M ​ ục khác: …………………………………………………………………… 17 Mức lương trả nam nữ chênh lệch khoảng 10% làm full time khoảng 34.5% làm part time Bạn nghĩ điều này? o​ K ​ hông công o​ C ​ ông o​ M ​ ục khác: …………………………………………………………………… 18 Nếu bạn trải qua chứng kiến định kiến giới tính, lại khơng chia sẻ với khơng có hành động phản ứng nào, lí sao? o​ T ​ chưa trải qua hay chứng kiến định kiến giới tính o​ T ​ khơng nghĩ vấn đề o​ T ​ khơng biết nói chuyện với o​ T ​ ôi tin có hậu tiêu cực đến với chia sẻ hành động o​ M ​ ục khác: ………………………………………………………………………… 19 Theo bạn cần làm để xóa bỏ định kiến giới ? Câu trả lời bạn:………………………………………………………………… F) REFERENCES To complete the project, we consulted the information from the following books and pages: Social Psychology by author Catherina A Sanderson http://dinhkien.com/khai-niem-ve-dinh-kien-xa-hoi-trong-thoi-hien-dai.html https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_ki%E1%BA%BFn https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-ways-to-remove-gender-discrimination http://doc.edu.vn/tai-lieu/tieu-luan-dinh-kien-gioi-the-hien-qua-cac-phuong-tien -truyen-thong-40080/ https://resources.careerbuilder.com/human-capital-management/eliminating-gen der-bias-workplace https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5838121/ https://oxfordre.com/communication/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.00 1.0001/acrefore-9780190228613-e-470 https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/men-and-women-biased-about-studiesstem-gender-bias-opposite-directions/ https://xemtailieu.com/tai-lieu/dinh-kien-gioi-cua-nguoi-dan-o-huyen-tien-hai-ti nh-thai-binh-1452214.html https://text.123doc.org/document/4045514-dinh-kien-gioi-ve-tinh-cach-nu-nong -dan-khu-vuc-dong-bang-song-hong.htm ... surrounding gender prejudice: the prevalence of gender prejudices in Vietnam, the influence of gender stereotypes on people and society and solutions can be done to eliminate gender prejudice The... content around gender prejudice: the popularity of gender prejudices in Vietnam male, the influence of gender prejudices on people and society and possible solutions to eliminate gender stereotypes... trend, with gender equality goals, it is necessary to have a common understanding of the concept of gender prejudice What is gender prejudice? Currently there are many concepts of gender prejudice