Research thesis with objectives improve the effectiveness of implementation of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province.
1 A INTRODUCTION The reason for choosing a topic Vietnam is a pioneer country in Southeast Asia and Asia in measuring multidimensional poverty with multi-dimensional approach poverty lines promulgated under the Prime Minister's Decision No 59/2015/QD-TTg dated 27 November 11, 2015 applies to the period 2016-2020 In order to implement the poverty reduction policy based on the multidimensional approach to poverty lines, Vinh Long province has directed localities to review, investigate and identify the exact subjects, thereby supporting creating conditions for poor households to borrow capital production development Over years of implementing policies, Vinh Long has had many positive changes; The number of poor households and the percentage of poor households has decreased every year Although important results have been achieved, the implementation of the poverty reduction policy based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long still faces some difficulties In the current context, the implementation of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines should be considered and evaluated objectively, in order to have solutions to improve the effectiveness of policy implementation, promote socio-economic development Vinh Long provincial association is a very urgent issue, but none of the authors have studied it intensively and comprehensively Therefore, the author chooses the topic "Implementing poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province" as a doctoral thesis Research purposes and missions 2.1 Purpose Improve the effectiveness of implementation of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province 2.2 Research mission Firstly, an overview of the research results of the scientific works related to the topic, indicating the gaps that need further study 2 Secondly, systematize and supplement some theoretical issues on the implementation of poverty reduction policies based on the multi-dimensional approach poverty lines Thirdly, assess the status of implementing poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province Fourthly, propose solutions to improve the effectiveness of implementation of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province Research subject and scope 3.1 Research subjects Implementing poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province 3.2 Research scope 3.2.1 Regarding the content Study the process of organizing and implementing the poverty reduction policy based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long 3.2.2 About space Research and implement the poverty reduction policy based on multidimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province 3.2.3 About time Studying and implementing the poverty reduction policy based on multidimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province in the period from 2011 to 2020, building the orientation to raise the multi-dimensional approach poverty line in Vinh Long to 2025 and the following years follow Theoretical basis and research methods 4.1 Methodology The topic is studied based on the views of dialectical materialism and historical materialism; views of the Communist Party of Vietnam; State policies and laws on poverty reduction policies according to the multi-dimensional approach poverty lines 3 4.2 Research Methods Research Methods Specific research methods used include: - Method of studying documents and documents Studying the Party's documents, legal documents, related scientific works in order to build a theoretical basis of the topic - Select the survey sample PhD students conducted interviews with 200 officials at all levels - Descriptive statistics method Analyze the reality of poverty reduction policy implementation according to the multi-dimensional approach poverty line - Method of experts: consulting 330 turns of scientific officials and managers to consult with the Ministry on the new multidimensional poverty measurement index for the period 2021-2025 New contributions of the thesis 5.1 Theoretically - Systematize theoretical issues and practical experience, propose dimensions and multidimensional poverty measurement indicators in Vietnam - The thesis conducts a survey and assessment of the reality of implementing poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province - Develop orientations and goals towards building poverty lines according to the international approach 5.2 On the practical side - Review reality, point out inadequacies in implementing poverty reduction policies based on local multidimensional poverty lines - Proposing solutions to improve the effectiveness of poverty reduction policy implementation according to multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province 4 - Research results of the topic are references for research, policy making, and teaching - Contribute to realizing the Resolution of the Fifth Conference of the Party Central Committee (Session XI) Research questions - Is the theoretical basis for implementing the poverty reduction policy based on the poverty line fully approached ? - How has the implementation of the poverty reduction policy based on multidimensional approach poverty lines been implemented in Vinh Long province ? - In order to improve the effectiveness of implementing the poverty reduction policy based on the multidimensional poverty line in Vinh Long, which measures should be implemented ? The structure of the thesis Official thesis title: Implementing the poverty reduction policy based on multidimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province In addition to the introduction, table of contents, conclusions, list of scientific works published by the author, list of references and appendices, the thesis content is structured into chapters 5 B CONTENT Chapter OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH SITUATION 1.1 Relevant studies published at home and abroad 1.1.1 Studies on policy implementation 1.1.1.1 The study of foreign authors Elizabeth Eppel, David Tuner and Amanda Wolf, in "Experimentation and learning in public Policy Implementation Implementations for Public Management" think that there are two models: designing and implementing policies that show the central role of state agencies and design and implementation of empirical policy Basir Chand in "Public Policy: Implementation Approaches" has proposed applying different approaches to policy implementation William N Dunn's "Public Policy Analysis An Introduction" analyzed the structure of the policy, monitored the outcome of the policy, and assessed the results of policy implementation Policy Analysis Concepts and Practice by David L Weimer and Aidan R Vining Prentice Hall published a method for analyzing policy problems and methods for analyzing policy solutions Michael Hill's "The Policy Process in the Modern Stale", Prentice Hall Publishing, addresses a number of policy implementation models and accountability of public authorities in the organization of policy implementation 1.1.1.2 The study of domestic authors Author Le Chi Mai "The basics of policies and policy processes" refers to the policy process, the impact factors as well as the form of public policy implementation Le Van Hoa "Monitoring and evaluation of public policy" presented the basic issues of public policy implementation evaluation 1.1.2 Studies on social security policies and poverty reduction policies 1.1.2.1 The study of foreign authors UNDP "Poverty reduction in Vietnam" has clarified the causes of poverty in Vietnam, analyzing solutions to address the causes of poverty Tuan Phong Don and Hosein Jalian “Poverty and poverty reduction policy in Vietnam, experience from the transition economy” study the basic components of the poverty reduction policy system in Vietnam The World Bank's "hunger attack" points to the positive effects of the policies as well as the irrationalities of the poverty reduction policy system 6 Asian Development Bank, "An Overview of the Impact of Greater Mekong Subregional Economic Integration on Poverty", an overview of poverty in Vietnam, provides recommendations on poverty reduction policies 1.1.2.2 The study of domestic authors Nguyen Van Chieu "Social security policies and the role of the state in the implementation of social security policies in Vietnam" refers to the experience of some countries, the real situation of implementing social security policies in Vietnam, directions and solutions to enhance the role of the state in the implementation of social security policies in Vietnam Mai Ngoc Cuong "Developing and completing social security policies in Vietnam" refers to the system of social security policies in Vietnam; directions, solutions to build and perfect the system of social security policies in Vietnam Le Quoc Ly "Social security policies - situation and solutions" analyzed the theoretical and practical basis for obstacles in implementing social security policies; Proposing groups of solutions to overcome obstacles in the implementation of social security policies in our country 1.1.3 Studies on the implementation of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines 1.1.3.1 The study of foreign authors Worl Bank "A good start, but not yet completed: Vietnam's impressive achievements in poverty reduction and new challenges, Vietnam Poverty Assessment 2012" offers a new perspective on the lives of people poverty, and also explore their current limitations and opportunities to escape poverty UNDP Viet Nam "Multidimensional poverty report in Vietnam: reducing poverty in all dimensions to ensure a quality life for everyone" affirms that poverty reduction in Vietnam has achieved international recognition , marking the transition from income poverty measures to multidimensional measurement The Worl Bank "New step in reducing poverty and common prosperity in Vietnam, updated report 2018" affirms that Vietnam has achieved success in reducing poverty through inequality control and economic growth 1.1.3.2 The study of domestic authors Bui Sy Loi "Sustainable poverty reduction solution in Vietnam" introduces the success of poverty reduction, proposes some solutions for sustainable poverty reduction Pham Tat Thang "Sustainable multi-dimensional poverty reduction for the Northwest provinces" emphasizes the goal of sustainable poverty reduction, enabling the poor to access basic social services for the people, including the Western provinces North Research by Nguyen Quoc Dung and Vo Thi Kim Thu "Poverty reduction for Khmer people in the Southwest of Vietnam in the process of sustainable development" approach to economic support policies, in-depth study of spiritual life, traditional culture of the Khmer people, find the main cause of poverty and set out directions and solutions to reduce poverty Dang Kim Son "Poverty alleviation by promoting internal resources of community organizations" introduces the role and forms of community organization to contribute to gathering people in the community to reduce poverty Vo Thi Thu Nguyet "Hunger eradication and poverty reduction in Malaysia and Thailand, lessons learned for Vietnam" makes clear that Malaysia and Thailand's hunger eradication and poverty reduction strategies are valuable lessons for countries aiming High growth targets go hand in hand with social justice 1.2 Some comments about the research works 1.2.1 Research on addressing poverty In general, the studies initially analyzed poverty reduction policies of countries, made recommendations for the most appropriate policy implementation such as: building infrastructure, taking care of education and medical examination and treatment based on the country's existing "limited" capital resources Some studies emphasize job seeking for people because of lack of jobs has pushed people to poverty 1.2.2 Studies on Vietnam's poverty reduction policies The studies mainly provide policy recommendations in both planning and implementation, focusing on finding solutions to achieve overarching goals across the territory 1.2.3 Studies on implementation of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines Most policy evaluation studies are based on a qualitative basis and perceptual indicators drawn from sociological surveys but not on a specific set of criteria so conclusions and recommendations are made may not be appropriate 1.3 The dissertation issues need to be focused on research and solving Firstly, systematize and build a theoretical framework for implementing poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines 8 Secondly, to survey and evaluate the status of implementing poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province Thirdly, develop solutions to improve the effectiveness of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province For these reasons, the PhD student has chosen the issue of "Implementation of poverty reduction policy based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province" as a doctoral thesis of Political Science Conclusion of chapter Although a number of studies have focused on evaluating some key components of poverty reduction policies based on the multi-dimensional approach poverty line, they have just stopped at assessing and identifying the inadequacies in realizing poverty poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines From the overview of the research situation, the author gave both theoretical and practical suggestions on the effective implementation of poverty reduction policies based on the multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in the near future Chapster THEORETICAL BASIS AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE ABOUT ENFORCEMENT OF POVERTY REDUCTION POLICIES ACCORDING TO POOR STANDARDS APPROACH MULTIDIMENSIONAL 2.1 Basic theoretical issues about poverty according to the multidimensional approach poverty line and the poverty reduction policy based on the multi-dimensional approach poverty line 2.1.1 Poverty follows the multi-dimensional approach to poverty 2.1.1.1 The concept of multidimensional poverty Poverty is a situation in which a part of the population does not have the conditions of life such as eating, dressing, housing, sanitation, health, education, transportation, and the right to participate in community decisions 9 2.1.1.2 Poverty line in Vietnam Approaching unidirectional poverty measurement in the period 1993-2015 Since 1993, Vietnam has changed the poverty line times Poverty follows the multi-dimensional approach to poverty Poverty line: The poverty line is a measure of who is poor to implement support policies to ensure equity in the implementation of poverty reduction policies Multi-dimensional approach poverty lines: The Prime Minister's Decision 59/2015 clearly defines the criteria for multidimensional poverty measurement applied for the period 2016-2020; The standard of poor, near-poor and average-living households applies for the period 2016-2020 2.1.2 Poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines 2.1.2.1 Definition of policy Policy is a specific line associated with political power, with the ruling party and with the state-state power apparatus of a political party or a powerful subject on a certain field with measures, plan to that way 2.1.2.2 Poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines The poverty reduction policy based on multidimensional poverty line is a system of general poverty reduction policies and specific poverty reduction policies for projects under the National target program on sustainable poverty reduction in districts poor, poor communes, villages, extremely difficult villages 2.1.2.3 Structure of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines The goals of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional poverty lines: sustainable poverty reduction, limiting re-poverty; economic growth, ensuring social security, improving living standards, increasing people's income, especially in poor areas, creating favorable conditions for the poor and poor households to access social services Basic chance Principles for directing the implementation of poverty reduction policies according to the multi-dimensional approach poverty lines: in terms of the absolute number of poor households that can be reduced within a given period of 10 time; In terms of the quality of poverty reduction, it is true that the poor's life has been improved after the supporting effect, the income gap with other population groups has been shortened Poverty status Scope and subjects of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines: scope of policy implementation, who are the beneficiaries The content of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines: is a specific activity or more depending on the goals of each policy Time for implementing the poverty reduction policy based on multidimensional poverty line: defining implementation time Resources for implementing poverty reduction policies based on multidimensional poverty lines: policies will not be able to be implemented or implemented effectively if the resources for implementing policies are not fully and carefully calculated The agency that manages and implements the poverty reduction policy according to the multi-dimensional approach poverty line: specifies who is in charge of implementing the policy and who will be implementing the specific activities of the policy 2.1.2.4 The role of poverty reduction policies based on the multi-dimensional approach poverty lines Poverty reduction according to multi-dimensional approach poverty lines pillars and solutions for social security Poverty reduction according to the multidimensional poverty line and ensuring social security are geared towards human development, ensuring people's lives 2.2 Implementing poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines 2.2.1 Enforce policies in the policy cycle 2.2.1.1 Policy cycle The policy cycle is a process of rotating steps from starting policy to determining the effectiveness of policy in social life [26, pp.166-190] In Vietnam, policy implementation is the stage of realizing policies in social life - the stage of organizing the implementation of selected policy solutions and examining the implementation 11 2.2.1.2 Policy implementation and poverty reduction policy based on multidimensional approach poverty lines Implementing the poverty reduction policy based on multi-dimensional poverty line is the process of turning related policies, directions and measures into practical results through organized activities in the state apparatus and the Extensive participation of organizations, units, families, individuals and the whole society 2.2.2 Subjects, subjects, evaluation criteria and factors affecting the implementation of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines 2.2.2.1 Subjects and subjects participating in the implementation of poverty reduction policies according to the multi-dimensional approach poverty lines - The State plays the role of the subject, and the implementation of policies must mobilize the wide participation of all organizations, units, families, individuals and the whole society - The objects of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines are all people 2.2.2.2 Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of implementing poverty reduction policies according to the multi-dimensional approach poverty lines - The validity of the policy is reflected in the level of achieving the set goals - The effectiveness of the policy reflects the correlation between the results given by the policy and the spent costs - The equity of the policy is reflected in the implementation of income redistribution, helping vulnerable people to overcome income inequality among social groups - The impact of the policy reflects the final outcome of the policy - Level of resolving poverty reduction policies according to the multi-dimensional approach poverty line 2.2.2.3 Factors affecting the implementation of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines Factors affecting the implementation of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional poverty lines: Economic growth; Industrialization, modernization and urbanization; Natural disasters, epidemics, environmental pollution, climate 12 change; Organizational and managerial capacity of the state apparatus at all levels; Awareness of society and people 2.2.3 The States role in implementing poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines 2.2.3.1 The objective indispensability of the government's implementation of poverty reduction policies based on the multi-dimensional approach poverty line First, comes from one of two basic functions of the state - social function Secondly, overcoming the limitations of market economy Thirdly, ensure social security, improve social welfare, protect the rights of all people Fourthly, it is a service that the private sector can hardly undertake fully and completely 2.3 Experiences in some localities and lessons on implementing poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines for Vinh Long province 2.3.1 Experience in implementing poverty reduction policies based on multidimensional approach poverty lines in Thai Binh province Thai Binh Province has implemented programs and projects to support the poor households synchronously and effectively, contributing to improving the material and spiritual life of the poor, ensuring social security, stabilizing life, sustainable poverty reduction 2.3.2 Experience in implementing poverty reduction policies based on multidimensional approach poverty lines in Tra Vinh province Sustainable poverty reduction is one of 06 key tasks of Tra Vinh with the participation of the whole political system However, besides the results of implementing poverty reduction in Tra Vinh province, there are still limitations 2.3.3 Lessons learned for Vinh Long province Firstly, strengthening the role of the entire political system in implementing poverty reduction policies in line with local reality Secondly, renewing the way to organize credit loans in a smooth, efficient and right manner to the poor subjects Thirdly, implement the universal education policy, create favorable conditions for the children of the poor to study, set up a low interest rate loan development education fund for university and vocational training Fourthly, to implement social protection policies, health insurance for the poor, solve jobs and solve negative phenomena in poverty reduction Fifth, to avoid relapsing into poverty, it is necessary to combine 13 economic development with environmental protection, cultural development, human resource development, democracy implementation and social equality Sixth, to encourage production development, market development of the poor's product consumption Seventh, support the construction of infrastructure systems to facilitate access to economic and social services Conclusion of chapter Multidimensional poverty is a new approach to limit the omission of objects who are not income-poor but are poor in other dimensions The thesis has clarified the concept of poverty reduction under the multidimensional approach poverty line; new points in the implementation of poverty reduction under the multi-dimensional approach poverty line, which are consistent with the thesis: poverty reduction based on the multi-dimensional approach poverty line on the basis of ensuring the minimum living standards needs of the poor, not just about income, but including meeting basic social service needs Chapter CURRENT SITUATION OF IMPLEMENTATION OF POVERTY POLICY ACCORDING TO THE POOR STANDARD POSTER APPROACH OF THE PROVINCE VINH LONG 3.1 The natural, economic and social conditions of Vinh Long province impact on the implementation of poverty reduction policies based on multi dimensional approach poverty lines 3.1.1 Natural condition Vinh Long has a natural area of 1,479,128 km2, equal to 0.4% of the country's area The terrain of Vinh Long is relatively flat, the rivers are interlaced, the traffic is convenient The province has Highway and Highway 53 passing through, this is an important transport bridge between Ho Chi Minh City and Can Tho Cultivation is a strength of the province 3.1.2 Socio-economic conditions of Vinh Long province Vinh Long has two key areas: the economic region belongs to the Tien river area; economic region in Hau river area 14 However, the economic development of Vinh Long is not commensurate with its potential, the economic structure is still in the form of monoculture of rice The handicraft and construction sector is underdeveloped and the infrastructure is inferior to some provinces in the Mekong Delta 3.1.2 Implementation of poverty reduction policies in Vinh Long from 2011 to 2015 3.1.2.1 Direction and administration of the implementation of the poverty reduction program Vinh Long Provincial Party Committee issued Program No 05-CTr / TU, dated October 17, 2011 on job creation and sustainable poverty reduction in the 2011-2015 period; The Provincial People's Committee issued Decision No 1369 / QD-UBND dated August 28, 2012 on the Plan for job creation and sustainable poverty reduction in the 2011-2015 period and the annual implementation plan; Departments, agencies, unions of provinces, districts and communes shall base on their assigned tasks, develop annual plans to integrate the inspection, periodic evaluation and intensify propagation and dissemination of practical guidance present policies on poverty reduction programs, focusing on implementing policies for the poor associated with the construction program new countryside 3.1.2.2 Implementation status and implementation results of poverty reduction policies After years of implementing the Action Program 05 of the Provincial Party Committee, Vinh Long has achieved many practical results People's living standards have been gradually increased, the gap between rich and poor has narrowed The program of job creation and sustainable poverty reduction has been interested in implementation and identified as one of the key tasks by all levels and sectors To make this program effective, the province has focused its resources on job creation, poverty reduction as well as social security implementation As a result, there are many poor households gradually getting out of poverty sustainably 3.1.2.3 Assessment of the implementation of poverty reduction policies in Vinh Long province in the period of 2011-2015 These achievements Regarding program design: The national target program on sustainable poverty reduction in the 2011-2015 period is promulgated in accordance with the local socio-economic context and implemented synchronously with appropriate 15 contents and solutions and achieved high results, mobilizing socialization of organizations, individuals, businesses, has contributed to supporting the poor to overcome difficulties to escape poverty; Training and retraining to improve the capacity of poverty reduction officials at all levels is focused; shortcomings and difficulties in the process of program implementation have been overcome Limitations in the implementation of poverty reduction policies in Vinh Long province in the period of 2011-2015 The result of poverty reduction is not really sustainable, the quality of poverty reduction is not high Policies to support residential land, production land and dailylife water have not been basically solved Policies to support poverty reduction often have big goals, but the implementation time is short, the support level is low; funding is not sufficient, slow and asynchronous, so the implementation has not been effective Many poverty reduction programs/projects have to extend their implementation time Poverty reduction programs and projects are managed by many ministries and branches, with different management and operation mechanisms, limiting the integration of policies and balancing common resources Table 3.1 Statistics of poor households in Vinh Long province period 2011 – 2015 Year Poor household rate (%) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 7.91 5.89 4.57 3.54 6.26 City (%) Countryside (%) 4.38 3.26 2.83 2.13 3.54 8.61 6.40 4.95 3.84 6.82 Source: (61) Reason: A small number of people still think about relying on support policies of the State and community A number of policies to support production development are still spread, a number of policies overlap in content and geographical areas, beneficiaries A number of policies have low norms, ineffective effectiveness, and are slowly amended and supplemented The coordination between ministries, branches and localities is not really comprehensive and timely; People's participation in policy formulation and implementation is limited 3.2 Implementing the poverty reduction policy based on multidimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province in the period of 2016-2019 16 3.2.1 Issue documents and plan implementation In the period from 2016 to 2019, based on the central guidance and the actual situation in the locality, Vinh Long province has issued many programs, policies and directives to implement the poverty reduction goals according to Multi-dimensional poverty line 3.2.2 Organize the organization and coordinate the implementation The assignment and coordination in organizing the implementation of poverty reduction policies according to the multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province are implemented according to a relatively uniform organizational structure model from provincial to commune levels with various committees direct poverty reduction to hamlets 3.2.3 The results of implementing the tasks, goals and targets of poverty reduction according to the multidimensional approach poverty line for the period 2016-2019 3.2.3.1 Results of implementation of programs and projects Implementing Program 135 to support infrastructure investment, support production development for extremely difficult hamlets and communes; implementing the project of production development, livelihood diversification and replication of poverty reduction models in communes and hamlets under Program 135 and communes outside Program 135 implemented in 07 districts and towns 3.2.3.2 The results of implementing the poverty reduction policies based on the multidimensional approach poverty lines Health policy: support 100% health insurance cards for the poor and nearpoor, support health insurance cards for new households out of poverty Education and vocational training policies: tuition exemption and reduction, study expense support Support vocational training for rural workers associated with industrial and agricultural extension programs to reach 117.1% of the target for the period 2016 2020 Regarding creating jobs: creating new jobs exceeding 33.26% of the plan, creating an average of 25,360 new jobs per year Credit policy: Vinh Long has disbursed to 25,271 customers borrowed the program of new households escaping from poverty with a total lending of 505.7 billion VND; total debt collection was VND 94 billion with 4,459 households paying debts Housing policy: supporting 7,007 houses for poor households, with a total amount of over VND 255,798 billion The proportion of permanent housing in Vinh 17 Long province reaches 90.2% which is high in the Mekong Delta region (80.8%) Implement well the projects of production development, livelihood diversification and replication of poverty reduction models in 07 districts and towns such as breeding breeding cows, goats, chickens with biological pads, growing gray abalone mushrooms Information and propaganda has been diversified in form and content 3.2.3.3 The allocation of resources to implement poverty reduction policies follows the local multidimensional poverty line The allocation of resources to implement poverty reduction policies timely and in accordance with regulations; coordinating between branches and levels, implementing the poverty reduction policy integrated with the National target programs, other policies such as: National target programs built new countryside 3.2.3.4 The management and administration of the implementation of poverty reduction policies according to the local multidimensional poverty line Develop solutions and models for poverty reduction that are appropriate for each locality, strengthen the leadership of party committees and executive guidance of governments at all levels on poverty reduction 3.2.3.5 Inspection, handling of violations, promoting democracy, publicity and transparency in the implementation of poverty reduction policies according to local multidimensional poverty lines Annually, the Steering Committee for Poverty Reduction at all levels develops programs and plans on actual inspection and supervision of the process of poverty reduction, coordination of mass organizations, direct supervision to households in order to withdraw experience and rectify errors in the implementation process of the establishment Through checking and supervising activities, there has been no mistake about poverty reduction work and the implementation of poverty reduction policies 3.2.3.6 Results of implementing a number of components of poverty reduction policies based on multidimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province The poverty reduction policy based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province has been implemented by localities in the province with the following main contents: preferential credit to support life and production for people poor; develop education and training for the poor; medical assistance, health care for the poor; infrastructure development, expansion of science and technology applications for the poor 18 3.3 General assessment of poverty reduction policy implementation according to multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province 3.3.1 Achievements in implementing poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province Following the direction of the National Assembly, the Government, the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs, the Provincial Party Committee and the People's Committee of Vinh Long province have focused on directing the construction and implementation of poverty reduction targets in the province The role and responsibilities of the Party committees, the administration of the government and the coordination of mass organizations have been increasingly asserted and achieved specific results such as: the percentage of poor and near-poor households decreased Over the years, the deficit indicators of the social service dimensions have decreased year by year, basically meeting the set targets *Reason - There is a clear assignment for each member of the provincial Steering Committee in charge of each district, town and city to help care for poor and nearpoor households - Propaganda is rich and diverse in content, creating far-reaching effects and changing the awareness of poor households Table 3.2: General data of poor households in Vinh Long province in the period of 2016-2019 Numerical order Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total number of households 277.377 279.011 279.672 298.391 Number of poor households 13.229 10.355 7.363 5.160 Ratio % 4,77 3,71 2,63 1,77% Source: Author compiled from Decision 945 / QD-LDTBXH, 2017; Decision 862 / QD-LDTBXH, 2018; Decision 1052 / QD-LDTBXH, 2019; Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs of Vinh Long Province, Report No 290 / BC-SLĐTBXH dated 03/12/2019 - Investigations, surveys and updates were well implemented, specific to each area, reviewing each target group 19 - The Bank of Social Policy's student loans program is the most effective credit program At the same time, combining capital sources of the national fund to create jobs for lending to poor and near-poor households, expanding to better-off households or investing in production and business projects to attract workers locality - Implement well the health care support policy; tuition reduction policy; policies to universalize education levels, improve education for the poor / near-poor, lack of health and education indicators - The supervision and monitoring of the policy implementation have been carried out quite well 3.3.2 Limitations and causes - Activities of some units and some self-governing groups for poverty reduction have not been effective; confused about how to support poor and near poor households Officials in charge of poverty reduction at grassroots, district, town and city levels often change, have not been well-trained and continuous - Lending capital to poor households is still low, only supporting for poor households, loans for pupils and students who are difficult to recover - For dangerous cases, the risk of them falling back into poverty is very high The current support policies for poor and near poor households are not appropriate The number of households that have escaped from poverty has remained close to the poverty line - Measures of gaps in adult education, vocational qualifications, social insurance and housing of poor household members in Vinh Long province, especially the Khmer co-reporting area, are relatively high - Propagating support for workers of poor households and near-poor households, although implemented, the number of employees involved is not high *Reason About the effectiveness The effectiveness of the policy is not high, showing that the policy object is not really poor, poor community About the validity of the policy 20 This effectiveness is not high due to the fact that the policy implementation still reveals some shortcomings About the relevance of the policy In each policy, there are disclosures that are not relevant to reality, especially not from the wishes of the beneficiaries About the sustainability of the policy The implementation of the poverty reduction policy based on the multidimensional approach poverty line in Vinh Long province has proved to be effective However, the relevance and sustainability of the policy has not been guaranteed Conclusion of chapter The poverty reduction policy based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province is organized for implementation through the development of the policy implementation plan; policy maintenance; Adjust policy; monitor, inspect, urge, evaluate and review the implementation of policies However, the poverty reduction program still has limitations such as: the number of households who have just escaped from poverty but their incomes are close to the poverty line is still high, the risk of falling back into poverty is high, the percentage of poor households is still high Chapter VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY POLICY REDUCING ACCORDING TO ACCESS POOR STANDARDS MULTI-WAY IN THE PROVINCE OF VINH LONG PROVINCE 4.1 Viewpoints and objectives of implementing the poverty reduction policy based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province 4.1.1 Overview of the context and requirements for the implementation of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province 21 The results of implementing the poverty reduction policy based on the multidimensional approach poverty line in Vinh Long province as in the recent period are thanks to growth and development, the majority of people are involved in the growth and benefit process from this process In the coming period, in order to maintain the results of poverty reduction and curb the increase of inequality in Vinh Long province, implementing the poverty reduction policy based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province needs to continue consolidation based on four main pillars are (i) creating productive jobs to increase sustainable incomes for all workers (ii) expanding coverage towards universalizing basic social services; (iii) strengthening social security systems for vulnerable groups to ensure no one is left behind; and and (iv) take the differences of economic, cultural, social and geographical life among ethnic minorities as the focus to research, propose appropriate and effective policies These orientations need to be implemented in a new context in the world and in the country The Fourth Industrial Revolution, the aging population in many countries, climate change, non-traditional security types, epidemics, etc are major trends that have a significant impact on poverty reduction In the country, the economy has prospered clearly, macroeconomic stability is guaranteed Impacts of COVID-19 disease, drought, saline intrusion in the Mekong Delta Public debt is high, the period of golden population is about to pass, the results of the public administration reform index (PAR) of Vinh Long in 2019 are still in the last top creating constraints and challenges for real implementing poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in the province 4.1.2 Viewpoints on implementing policies of poverty reduction based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province Ensure the province's overall goal of poverty reduction Ensure integration of objectives and priorities in implementing poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines Ensure the implementation of the poverty reduction policy based on the multi-dimensional approach poverty line into a specific program Ensure sustainable poverty reduction Priority should be given to focus on key investment in the most difficult regions, areas and population groups 22 By means of propaganda and restricting the ideological thinking, relying on the State's regimes and policies Strengthening inspection, supervision and evaluation in the spirit of openness and democracy in poverty reduction activities 4.1.3 The objective of implementing the poverty reduction policy in Vinh Long province to 2025 and the following years - General objective: Improve and gradually improve the living conditions of poor and near-poor households, giving priority to poor people in difficult areas and poor people who are ethnic minorities - Specific objectives: (i) Mobilize resources to help poor and poor households who cannot escape poverty; The province strives to have only 1% poor households by 2025 according to the national poverty line (ii) Implement synchronously and effectively poverty reduction policies to improve the living conditions of the poor; create conditions for the poor to have more and more convenient access to basic social services (iii) Adopt socio-economic strategies and programs to ensure reasonable disparity between rich and poor between urban and rural areas, encourage the increase of rich and rich households, and reduction of poor households 3.1.4 Orientation to implement poverty reduction policies based on multidimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province up to 2025 and subsequent years In consultation with the Ministry of dimensional dimensions of the new multidimensional poverty measurement index by the consultant team, the PhD student inherits the set of indicators in the old period, adding new dimensions to aim for higher standards, access to national standards international 4.2 Solutions to improve the effectiveness of implementation of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province 4.2.1 Renewing the work of issuing documents and formulating plans for implementing poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines 4.2.2 Strengthen the propaganda of poverty reduction policy implementation following the multi-dimensional approach poverty lines and legal aid for the poor in Vinh Long province 23 4.2.3 Implement measures to maximize resources for poverty reduction according to the multi-dimensional approach poverty line in Vinh Long province 4.2.4 Developing coordination mechanisms to implement policies based on the rights that go hand in hand with responsibilities and responsibilities of the entire political system 4.2.5 Strengthen inspection and evaluation of policy implementation process Conclusion of chapter Implementation of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long needs to be organized based on perspectives and requirements associated with local socio-economic conditions With the aim of improving the effectiveness of implementing the poverty reduction policy based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long to 2025 and the following years, the thesis has researched and developed a system of theoretical solutions and practicality to improve the implementation of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long 24 C CONCLUSION Multidimensional poverty is a new approach to limit the omission of objects who are not income-poor but are poor in other dimensions The implementation of the poverty reduction policy in Vinh Long province has been gradually improved in the direction of conditional support, not creating a expectation of dependence, arousing the will to rise of the poor From the investment resources of the State and the community, the appearance of the poor districts, communes and households has escaped from poverty and has markedly changed The authorities in the province have reviewed, amended and supplemented the poverty reduction policy, integrating policies in the fields of ensuring uniformity, efficiency, ease of monitoring and implementation To sustainably reduce poverty, firstly, the authorities of Vinh Long province need to continue reviewing, amending and supplementing the poverty reduction policies, integrating policies in the fields of ensuring uniformity, efficiency and ease track, done In particular, focusing on policy groups including: Supporting production development, raising incomes for poor households; effectively support the poor to access basic social services, prioritize services in the multidimensional poverty reduction contents such as health care, education, housing, clean water, sanitation and information; infrastructure development in difficult areas with high poverty rate At the same time, promoting socialization of poverty reduction, focusing resources and solutions for sustainable poverty reduction for ethnic minorities, mountainous areas and localities with high poverty rates, especially associated with the poverty reduction program poverty with new rural construction to increase implementation effectiveness In order to reduce poverty sustainably, with the efforts of all levels of government, the cooperation of the whole community, the efforts of the poor themselves are very important Only when the poor themselves are aware of the need to strive, then the support policies of the government and the society will be effective and the escape from poverty will be truly sustainable ... reduction policies based on multidimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province The poverty reduction policy based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province has... multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province 3.3.1 Achievements in implementing poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province Following... based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province 21 The results of implementing the poverty reduction policy based on the multidimensional approach poverty line in Vinh Long