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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VINH UNIVERSITY PHAN HOAI THANH DESIGN AND USE OF CHEMICAL KNOWLEDGE LOOKUP SOFTWARE TO DEVELOP SELF-STUDY CAPACITY FOR STUDENTS IN HIGH SCHOOL Major: Theory and Teaching Methodology of Chemistry Code: 9140111 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS OF SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION NGHE AN - 2020 THE THESIS WAS COMPLETED AT VINH UNIVERSITY Supervisors: Assoc.Prof Dr Cao Cu Giac Reviewer 1: Assoc.Prof Dr Reviewer 2: Assoc.Prof Dr Reviewer 3: Assoc.Prof Dr The thesis will be defended in front of the University Thesis Evaluation Council at Vinh University at … am/pm on …, 2020 The thesis can be found at Vietnam National Library or Nguyen Thuc Hao Library – Vinh University INTRODUCTION Reasons to select topic The development of Science and Technology today has created a multitude of high quality products for society in general and in particular education It requires each country to be always creative, adapt promptly to the continuous transformation of life and technology In order to address these challenges, the Education and Training sector should take the lead and undertake the mission to raise the people's intellectual standards, detect and foster talent towards raising the value of gray matter Capacity development, especially self-study capacity (SSC) is becoming the trend in the teaching innovation of many countries around the world With the rapid development of information technology (IT), digital devices have partly met the needs of teaching and learning in general and Chemistry in particular The Ministry of Education and Training proposed in the Comprehensive General Program that the capacity to apply informatics is one of the ten core competencies which students need to acquire by completing a general education program For this reason, teachers need to form and develop the capacity and application of IT for the students in their own department However, the application of IT itself in teaching and learning especially in the process of self-training, the development of students’ thinking has been limited, have not exploited the strengths of IT Chemistry is a science with theoretical knowledge and extensive and varied empirical data Learning to understand, remember and use them is always the pressure for the majority of students in high school If there is a software to look up knowledge and empirical data, it will help students facilitate the use of them to solve assignments as well as to complete other learning tasks Thereby it can help students develop SSC by applying electronic learning and creating excitement for students in learning chemistry Because of these reasons, we choose and implement the research topic: "Design and use of chemical knowledge lookup software to develop self-study capacity for students in high school” Study objectives - Study on theoretical and application basis of Microsoft (MS) Access and Visual Basic for Application (VBA) in creating programs that have applications in general teaching and learning and teaching and learning chemistry in particular - Contribite to the theoretical basis and application of information technology in the creation of programs containing applications in chemistry teaching and especially SSC for students in high school - Study and propose the steps to apply the software to study chemistry knowledge contributing to the development of SSC chemistry for students in schools Studied objects and subjects 3.1 Studied objects: applications IT in teaching and learning chemistry 3.2 Studied subjects: MS.Access and VBA program; Chemical knowledge lookup Software; SSC Chemistry of students Study range Research into the role and application of chemical knowledge lookup software for improving SSC chemistry of students in high schools Scientific hypothesis - If the research can capture the MS Access and VBA program, we will create programs that have many applications in teaching and learning - If the design of the software "Chemical knowledge lookup" and use the chemical knowledge lookup software has been reasonable and effective, we will develop SSC chemistry of students in high schools Study tasks 6.1 Research on the theoretical and application basis of Microsoft Access and Visual Basic for Application 6.2 Research on the theoretical and practical basis of the application of information technology in chemical teaching: learn about IT concepts and related concepts; investigate the actual IT application status in teaching and learning today 6.3 Building "Chemical knowledge lookup software" 6.4 Research on the basis of the reasoning on positive teaching methods and the ability to learn chemistry of students in high schools 6.5 Research, SSC structure and a toolkit to evaluate students ' self-learning capacity in schools through chemical knowledge lookup software 6.6 To propose steps to use the software in the development of SSC chemistry for students: with forms (before, during and after Class) 6.7 Conducting pedagogical Experience: affirming the effectiveness and feasibility of the topic Research Methods Using methods of theoretical research (analysis, synthesis, classification, systematization), practical methods (investigative methods, pedagogical and expert methods) and mathematical methods The new features of the thesis 8.1 About Reasoning - Approach and clarify the reasoning for the use of IT to improve teaching efficiency - Build applications and database programming system in creating programs with MS Access and VBA - Develop and exploit the system of methods and means for the development and improvement SSC chemistry of students 8.2 About practices - Proposal structure and content of SSC chemistry of students includes components capacity, 10 criteria and detailed descriptions of the criteria in levels - Design chemical knowledge lookup software - Propose steps to apply software to the development process SSC chemistry for students - Help teachers have additional open source materials, self-updating information depending on the purpose of use - Deploy applications in chemistry teaching to develop SSC for students Summarized structure of the thesis The thesis consists of: introduction (6 pages), main content (129 pages, divided into chapters) and conclusion and recommendations (2 pages) In addition, there is a list of abbreviations, tables, drawings and diagrams, a list of scientific works related to published theses, references and appendices Chapter THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIC OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION TO DEVELOP SELF-STUDY CAPACITY FOR STUDENTS 1.1 Overview of the research situation Domestic and foreign literatures give us many things related to information and communication technology (ICT) application in teaching chemistry at high school has been studied effectively such as effectiveness in applying ICT in teaching, difficulties in applying ICT in teaching, solutions to improve the efficiency of ICT application in teaching, etc There have been some studies on the factors affecting the ICT application efficiency for teachers and students However, the problem of determining the ICT application capacity and proposed measures to develop this capacity for students in the high school are still less concerned 1.2 Innovation of Vietnamese education - The trend of educational development in Vietnam: according to author Jacques Delors ' analysis of UNESCO's reports on education for the XXI century, the world education model of the XXI century is based on four pillars, which is learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together and learning to be Due to the extensive impact of science and technology, in the context of a world of information boom and competition to develop, the daily knowledge increase is multipliation, in which multimedia engineering is the type of technique being the most noticeable According to the development momentum of multimedia engineering, a new teaching form is formed-the appearance of the multimedia computer teaching system Multimedia techniques will greatly alter the curriculum and the judgment The curriculum is not only the print books, but also the type of e-textbooks that have all the letters and channels - Orientation for the innovation of the general education program: programs and textbooks in the direction of developing the capacity to positively impact the determination of educational objectives and the walls that illustrate those goals by the standard output described by the system of General forces and specialized competenability - Renewal of high school teaching methodology: innovation of teaching methodology is making a move from the education program to access the content to the learning of the student, that is, from the place of interest to students learn something to the place of interest What the students are doing by learning 1.3 Application of IT for teaching and learning chemistry IT which is applied in teaching and learning is very popular today as: - Compiling lectures, electronic lessons - Applying utility software in teaching and learning 1.4 ICT capacity of teachers and students Many countries in the world have been implementing electronic education development projects Through the project, teachers are fostering technological knowledge In Vietnam, there have been many training facilities equipped with modern computer systems, many projects to build computer networks connecting education units on a nationwide scale are being deployed However, many units have not yet made the most of the ability of the information equipment to use in teaching to improve efficiency and innovation of teaching methods The goal of the education sector is to continuously transform the methodology of teaching and improve the quality of education at all levels In it, the IT application in teaching is being promoted and scaling across the current industry 1.5 capacity and self-study capacity of student 1.5.1 Capacity In this dissertation, the capacity to be mentioned is the capacity of action or performance, which is defined as "the ability to act effectively and responsibly the duties, work in the fields of occupation, society or individual based on knowledge, skills, and attitudes (readiness of action) " 1.5.2 Self-study - Concept: self-study is a scientific solution that solves the conflict between the massive amount of knowledge with a time-free fund while studying at the school Self-study helps to create sustainable knowledge for each person because it is the result of excitement, search, research and choice - Role: student's self-study plays an important role in the request for education and training innovation, improving training quality in schools The innovative teaching method in the direction of positive learning will promote positive, self-awareness, initiative and creativity of the students in the field of scientific knowledge Therefore, self-study is the path of development in accordance with the rules of evolution of humanity and is the right pedagogical measure that should be promoted in the high schools - Skill: includes groups of skills: self-study orientation skill Group; skill groups performing self-learning activities; self-Test skill group, self-study assessment - SSC: self-study is a process by which a person is able to perform academic activities, may need or not need the support of others, predict their learning needs, identify learning objectives, detect resources, and people helping with the learning process, know the options and implement the learning strategy and evaluate the results of implementation - SSC chemistry: chemistry can form, develop the students ' chemical competency; thanks to the other subjects and the other educational activities,Chemistry gives a hand with forming, developing the principal qualities and the general capacity of the students, especially the world of science and interest; interest in learning, research; honesty; attitude respects to the laws of nature, behaves with nature in accordance with the requirements of sustainable development; the ability to choose a career that suits your competence and interests, conditions and circumstances 1.6 Teaching capacity development orientation Educating the orientation of developing capacity to ensure the output quality of teaching, implementing the goal of comprehensive development of personality qualities, paying attention to applying knowledge in practical situations to prepare for Human resources solve situations of life and career This program emphasizes the role of learners as the subject of the cognitive process Thus, teaching the orientation of developmental orientation advocates helping learners not only memorize, memorize but also have to know how to through specific activities, using the learned knowledge to solve situations due to life sets out In other words, it must be associated with real life 1.7 Some methods of teaching the development of academic ability In the scope of the thesis, we have analyzed a number of teaching methods for the development of students such as: teaching discovery and problem solving; teaching differentiation; using experiments in teaching; teaching under the project; WebQuest teaching methodology 1.8 The situation of using information technology to develop self-study capacity for students in high school - The situation of the application of information technology: we conducted survey on 76 chemistry teachers in domestic high schools The resulting figures are given some results: + The schools surveyed are mainly non-specialised public schools (reaching 3,9 points) and students with a major academic capacity (according to academic rating figures) + The school has a projector system, computer room is of good quality but the level of interest and encouragement to the application of IT of the secondary schools is still low average; and only rarely has seminar on application of IT in teaching been organized This is obviously a huge barrier to the faculty of teachers in exploiting and applying information technology to his teaching work + Most teachers have realised that the application of IT in teaching work is positive and necessary However the application of IT in teaching is not common and they only attend the training classes when required It can be seen that the application of IT in the teaching is the serious problem of the teachers themselves + The preparation of a teaching application of IT to the teacher is not easy so that they should be well-appreciated for the lessons, which is the correct result for their efforts However, the preparation of the teacher has almost stopped at composing, looking for information to show the students and focusing mainly on the teaching practice rather than being creative in the creation of teaching utensils - The situation on the development of self-study capacity of students in schools: we have conducted surveys on 22 chemistry teachers and 237 students in high school in the country The resulting figures are given some results: + 100% of both teachers and students believe that it is necessary for them to maintain and develop SSC for students daily, and teachers have made efforts to conduct SSC development for students in each lesson + While students ' study capacity is appreciated on average, the degree of completion of student self-study focuses primarily on the review and application of old knowledge and drastically reduced to the level of new knowledge + The current resources are abundant but they are concentrated mainly in textbooks + The development of SSC of the students has been frequent but mainly also focused on reviewing and using the old knowledge in the study papers, textbooks and almost no self-study and use new knowledge + The process of delivery and check the student's work is conducted steadily in each lesson, and its content, however, its impact is almost exclusively focused on the study of old knowledge only + It can be seen that learning capacity is limited, self-study is not high, but students have realised the big impact of self-study to the content of the lessons in the classroom They come to conclusion that the development of SSC of students needs to be deployed and developed regularly in every article, each learning content Chapter conclusion We have an overview of the research situation in the world and in Viet Nam, systematize theoretical and practical issues which are the basis of capacity and SSC for high school students, investigation of the status of the application of IT and the development of self capacity school These are the basis for us to propose SSC structure for students as well as propose measures and procedures to develop this capacity for students 11 2.1.3 Testing cycles, finishing and deploying the software (1) Testing: after the software has been designed, we have tested the software at high schools through which software deficiencies are detected (2) Software improvement: through the software testing results, it will be edited and perfected so that the teaching objectives will be achieved before the software is put into mass application (3) Implementation of mass experimental software 2.1.4 Interface design of the software 2.1.4.1 Form: Form is the object used to create forms for fast, databasefriendly data entry In addition, we use the Form to create a main interface that links the functions designed for the mining of the database 2.1.4.2 Form Software a) Purpose - Simple, friendly interface design, optimizing user's use process - Menus creativity according to the mainstream content of the software that needs to be directed towards specific content - Flexible connection with database tables, forms, software macros to enhance search capabilities, retrieve information in database tables b) Some main forms of software Figure 2.2 Main interface (Form main) 12 Figure 2.3 The Basic Knowledge interface Figure 2.4 Sample Exercise interface Figure 2.5 Intuitive testing interface 13 Figure 2.6 Experimental video interface Figure 2.7 Periodic Table interface 2.1.5 Design the Visual Basic for Application command structure of the software VBA command structure for software to meet the following functions: add new data; edit data; save data; delete data; undo the current operation; turn off form; print data from a report; exit program 2.1.6 Building content, software data Is the most important fundamental component of the database It is designed as a table for storing detailed information about the entities that my management program is interested in The information for each entity type is stored inside a table Depending on how many types of entities we have in our management program, we have a variety of tables to contain the corresponding information It records all fluctuations that arise information about the entities during the work process 14 2.2 Building self-study capacity bracket with the support of the chemical knowledge lookup software The capacity framework plays a role in orientation and building the student's learning engine during training of SSC The content of the capacity framework is provided in detail, clearly each level and requirements need to reach each student From there, students are proactively planning to study for themselves from the very beginning In addition, it helps students identify the distance between themselves and the requirements of the teacher, and monitor their own progress so that they form the correct learning engine, giving specific learning actions In addition, the capacity framework is one of the bases for teachers to build the tools to evaluate the capacity for the students Based on the SSC framework, teachers can design assessment tools (teacher assessment, student assessment and self-assessment, such as the checklist, observation panel, coassessment of the, self-assessment slip, ) Thanks to a detailed description of the levels to meet, the student always keeps track of the progress of themselves, classmates, and groups At the same time, teacher also gain an unreasonable and accurate assessment of information that helps to strictly control the progress of the student and thereby propose the measures to develop SSC suitable for each student audience From there, we propose guidelines, construction process and SSC structure for students as follows: (1) Ensure accuracy and science; (2) Ensure that you are; (3) Ensure pedagogy; (4) Ensuring practicality; (5) Ensure the comprehensive Each component capacity consists of specific criteria or manifestations All evaluation criteria in the scale have a close relationship with each other, which plays a comprehensive assessment of the student's SSC 2.2.2 Construction processes To determine the structure of the SSC of chemistry with the support of the chemical knowledge lookup software, we have implemented the following process of 05 specific steps: 15 Figure 2.17 The process of building a SSC frame with the support of the chemical knowledge lookup software Step Studying the document, identifying the grounds for building the capacity bracket Surveys teachers, students about the structure and manifestation of SSC with the support of chemical knowledge lookup software Step Identifying the component capacity and the expression criteria Based on the research and practice basis, we offer the structure of SSC chemistry through the chemical knowledge lookup software Includes 05 component capacity, namely: (1) Lookup and update empirical data; (2) Look up and update the theoretical knowledge of chemistry; (3) Practice experimental practice skills; (4) Self-by-topic assignments; (5) Self-inspection – assessment of academic outcomes After we propose the capacity of the components, we conduct a description of the manifestation criteria of each capacity The capacity structure is designed to include 05 component capacities and 10 expression criteria 16 Step Building a table detailing the levels corresponding to each expression in the capacity frame In order to facilitate the design of the competency assessment tool for students, we propose the system of criteria and describe the level of capacity that corresponds to each expression To evaluate capacity, it is not possible to base only on criteria that must be adopted by the behavioral indicators, which means that the metrics are measurable and quantitative So describing the behavioral indicators is important in the capacity assessment The behavioral indicators can be described differently depending on the specific capacity Step Consult, Exchange expert opinion After determining the capacity framework, we refer to, exchanging ideas with experts and colleagues in terms of feasibility, the scientific and practicality of the software to investigate chemical knowledge in the development of SSC chemistry in schools Step Edit, complement and finish the capacity frame and criteria table describing the competency expression After receiving the comments from the expert to edit and complete the capacity framework, the assessment criteria table includes 05 component capacities and 10 corresponding criteria 2.2.3 Self-study capacity frame structure with the support of the software No Component capacity Criteria (manifest) Look up experimental data (solubility product, acid/base constant, standard reduction Lookup and update potential, thermodynamic quantities, ) empirical data Update experimental data (solubility product, acid/base constant, standard reduction potential, thermodynamic quantities, ) Look up chemical theory knowledge (about the substances, compounds of the elements, the Lookup and update electrolysis, ) chemical theory Update chemical theory knowledge (about knowledge the substances, compounds of the elements, the electrolysis, ) Knowledge formation, Knowledge formation, practical skills experimental practice (through experiments videos, virtual 17 skills experiments, ) Update Virtual lab system, experiments video Instructions, self-solving form of exercises Self-solve exercises by topic according to topic Update system of exercises to practice according to the topics Self-assessment of study ability (tests on Self-test - evaluate topics) academic results 10 Update the assessment of learning ability 2.3 Using the software to develop self-study capacity for students The software can be used in all 03 forms: before, during and after class 2.3.1 Use before class In this form, the software will support students to conduct self-study at home, self-study activities before conducting learning, researching new lessons in class With this method, we suggest the steps that students can conduct selfstudy before class promotion as follows: Step Research the basic knowledge content included in the software Step Research the experiment content Step Research the content of mathematical forms in the software Step Self-test of self-study knowledge and skills 2.3.2 Use during class This is one of the advantages but not all high schools have sufficient facilities to meet the students academic needs As such, the greatest advantage of this form usually takes place in the study, training, practice and examination 2.3.2.1 During the practice hours Step Test the students' knowledge and practical skills Step Introduce the practice checklists and notes when conducting the practice Step Discuss in groups Step View simulation experiments 18 Step Students conduct experiments in small groups Step Test the experiment results, reinforce the lesson Step Write the report 2.3.2.2 During revision and practice Step Test students' knowledge and SSC Step Introduce the basic types of quantitative math Step Group discussion Step Results of discussion Step Consolidate lessons 2.3.2.3 During the test Step Preparing a teacher's quiz Step Preparing equipment Step Conducting test hours Step Extracting checkpoint 2.3.3 Use after class With this method, we propose self-study steps as in self-study before class 2.3.4 Some other self-study content available in the software: in addition, the software provides the constant acid-base (Ka), solubility product (T), the Standard (E), the parameters of thermodymography (H, S, G) and the data on the spectrum 2.4 Designing tools to assess students' SSC with the help of chemical knowledge lookup software 2.4.1 Using the capacity assessment ladder Based on the structure of the SSC frame with the support of the chemical knowledge lookup software we have proposed, it is possible to design a assessment table or self-assessment table for student capacity Each criterion will be rated according to the level 04 scale 2.4.2 Assessment through the competency test As a basis for evaluation of student's capacity development and SSC, and in particular, the feasibility evaluation of the chemical knowledge lookup software into the support for the development of chemistry SSC students in the current school 2.4.2.1 Process of designing a competency test Step Determine the objectives of the test subject Step Determine the form of the test subject 19 Step Construct the weighted table, test matrix Step Compile matrix quiz Step Construct dotted, grading and exchange tables guidelines Step Review test arrangement 2.4.2.2 Test sample Summary of Chapter Based on the scientific and practical basis, we proposed that the structure and content of SSC with the support of Chemical knowledge lookup software includes components and 10 criteria as well as we described in detail four levels corresponding to each criterion From there, we propose the steps to use the software corresponding to the ways to develop SSC for students Chapter PEDAGOGICAL EXPERIMENT 3.1 Objective of pedagogical experiment Pedagogical experiment is conducted to confirm the correctness of scientific hypothesis and evaluate the feasibility, the effectiveness of SSC development measures with the support of the knowledge lookup software on the basis on the analysis of the results obtained 3.2 Tasks of pedagogic practice Include the following tasks: Task Evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of the chemical knowledge lookup software Task Evaluate the impact of the software in assisting in the development of SSC for students 3.3 How to conduct pedagogical experiment - We have selected high schools in different areas such as: Le Loi High 20 School (Thanh Hoa), Nguyen Duc Mau High School, Quynh Luu High School (Nghe An), Nguyen Du High School (Dak Lak) - Experimental exploration, survey: conducted to draw experience, adjustments, additions to the empirical assessment - Experimental pedagogy 1st and 2nd time 3.4 The results of the pedagogical experiment 3.4.1 Assessment of student's academic capacity prior to empirical: The results of the transcript show that the difference in the average score of the verify and experimental groups is not statistically significant, meaning that the two selected groups of students are similar in academic terms 3.4.2 Self-study capability assessment using software 3.4.2.1 Teacher survey findings and scores Figure 3.1 The average score graph of self-assessment criteria for selfevaluation students and teachers after impact assessment (Ex: experiment; Ve: verify) 3.4.2.2 Assessment of survey findings, exploration 3.4.3 Results of pedagogical experiment round Figure 3.2 Graph of cumulative frequency distribution of the experimental and verified classes of Quynh Luu High School and Nguyen Duc Mau High School 21 3.4.4 Results of pedagogical experiment round Figure 3.3 Graph of cumulative frequency distribution of the experimental and verified classes of Nguyen Du High School and Le Loi High School 3.4.5 Analysis of the pedagogical experiment results From the results of processing the pedagogical experiment data through two experimental times (1st and 2nd times) shows that the student's academic quality in the experimental classes is higher than that of the respective students at the corresponding verify classes after being subjected to topics, namely: - The overall average score of the empirical classes is higher than the verify classes - The standard deviation of the experimental classes is lower than that of the class to demonstrate the dispersion around the average value of the scores in the smaller experimental class of the verify classes - The cumulative line graph of the experimental classes is always located on the right side and at the bottom compared to the đc classes, it is possible to confirm the achievement of students in the higher-class empirical classes than the students in the verify classes - The value p between the experimental class and the verify classes (p