The thesis complements and deepens the contents of commercial sustainable development in sustainable economic development of localities and economic regions. The thesis confirms that commercial sustainable development is essentially a process of sustainable development of local commercial activities or greening commercial activities in the province. The thesis clarifies the creation of an environment for sustainable development of commerce of the province through basic factors such as policies, infrastructure, enterprises and human resources.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE VIETNAM INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL AND TRADE POLICY AND STRATEGY VU THI NU SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCE IN BINH DINH PROVINCE Major: Commerce Code: 62.34.01.21 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS Hanoi, 2020 The work was completed in Vietnam Institute of Industrial and Trade Policy And Strategy Science suppervisor: Assoc. Prof. Ha Thanh Viet Prof. Dang Dinh Dao Reviewer 1: …………………………………………………………………………… … …………………………………………………………………………… … Reviewer 2: …………………………………………………………………………… … …………………………………………………………………………… … Reviewer 3: …………………………………………………………………………… … …………………………………………………………………………… … The thesis will be defended in front of the State Council for Thesis Evaluation meeting at the Vietnam Institute of Industrial and Trade Policy and Strategy (VIITPS) Ministry of Industry and Trade, 46 Ngo Quyen Hanoi in ……. time ……… date ………. month ………. year ………… The thesis can be found at: Hanoi National Library Library of VIITPS INTRODUCTION The urgency of the research topic Binh Dinh province located in the South Central Coast region It is a province in the Central key economic region and considered as the gateway of the Central Highlands provinces Commerce plays an important role as an integral part of the economy and as an economic lever to promote economic development, greatly impacts on the socio-economic development, helping improving management efficiency, improving provincial competitiveness, accelerating the transformation of local economic growth models In integration and development, Sustainable Development of Commerce (SDC) has a particularly important role for localities in general and Binh Dinh province in particular However, the reality of SDC in Binh Dinh province still has many limitations such as the growth rate of trade has not reached the set target; The problem of transportation technology, storage technology and warehousing system has not been paid enough attention, resulting in environmental and social as well as growth of the industry; The expansion of exports of a number of products depleting natural resources, reducing biodiversity and increasing environmental pollution; The situation of importing goods without ensuring safety regulations is quite common; Violations of market principles in commercial business such as smuggling, trade frauds, counterfeit goods, poor quality goods and food safety failures are frequent; The production and consumption of agricultural, forestry and fishery products are not sustainable, the prices of agricultural products are erratic, and the quality of some crops and livestock products is still not competitive enough in the market, affecting the development of the industry; The system of trading network infrastructure has developed slowly, the promotion of domestic market has not been renovated Failure in properly evaluating the situation and having specific solutions will make the commerce develops unsustainably, greatly affecting the economy, society and environment of Binh Dinh Province Moreover, the improvement and development of theories on sustainable development of local play an important role in sustainable economic development of localities and economic regions Therefore, the researching on topic “Sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province” is really necessary, both supplement some theories in local sustainable economic development and meet the actual needs in Binh Dinh New contributions of the thesis The thesis complements and deepens the contents of commercial sustainable development in sustainable economic development of localities and economic regions The thesis confirms that commercial sustainable development is essentially a process of sustainable development of local commercial activities or greening commercial activities in the province; The thesis clarifies the creation of an environment for sustainable development of commerce of the province through basic factors such as policies, infrastructure, enterprises and human resources The thesis proposes a number of specific views on SDC through commercial and service activities in the area; The thesis proposes a number of feasible solutions for sustainable commercial development in Binh Dinh province in terms of economy, society and environment The structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusions and appendix, the thesis includes chapters, as follows: Chapter Overview of research and research directions on sustainable development of commerce in the province Chapter Theoretical issues and practical experience on sustainable development of commerce in the province Chapter Actual situation of sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province Chapter Orientations and solutions for sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province till 2025 and a view to 2030 _ CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH AND RESEARCH DIRECTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCE IN THE PROVINCE 1.1 Overview of researches in the country and abroad Through the process of researching researches in the country and abroad, each research has a positive contribution at different aspects.It can be seen that there are many studies on commercial development, sustainable development in general, import and export sustainable development and sustainable development in various fields in the country and abroad However, there are very few researches on sustainable development of commerce in the province, especially for coastal provinces like Binh Dinh Binh Dinh has a marine economy, close to international maritime routes and is a province with great potential for trade development In order to develop trade sustainably and greening commercial activities, it is necessary to have in-depth studies, suitable with the characteristics of Binh Dinh province, and at the same time to approach the perspective of sustainable development in terms of economy, society and the environment Therefore, the study of the topic "Sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province" is consistent with reality, associated with key points in sustainable development, accommodate the requirements of innovation and greening the commercial sector in Binh Dinh province in the new development stage 1.2 Research orientation of the thesis 1.2.1 Research objectives of the thesis The overall objective of the thesis is to assess the current situation and propose solutions to sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province To accomplish the above general objective, the specific objectives of the topic are: - Interpret theoretical and practical basis on sustainable development of commerce in the province - Identify the basic factors affecting the sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province - Analyze the current situation of sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province from 2010 to 2018 and the problems raised - Assess opportunities, challenges, strengths and weaknesses in sustainable development trade in Binh Dinh province and propose perspectives, orientations and solutions for sustainable development in the province of Binh Dinh in the context of integration and development 1.2.2 Object and scope of the research The research object of the thesis is theoretical and practical issues on sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province Content scope: Research on commodity trade at the provincial macro level including domestic and international trade of Binh Dinh province Space scope: Scope of macro commerce research in Binh Dinh province Time scope: Research the situation of sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province in the period of 2010-2018 Proposing solutions and recommendations for sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province until 2025, with a view to 2030 1.2.3 Research methodologies The thesis uses a combination of the following research methodologies: Qualitative methodology:The data collection method in qualitative research is the observation method and the evaluation method according to the general rule of development Quantitative methodology:The data collection method in quantitative research is the method of combining the synthesis of secondary data and the method of investigating practical survey of sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province Other methodologies : Statistical analysis method, descriptive comparison method, to analyze and evaluate the research contents on the basis of dialectical materialism methodology _ CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL ISSUES AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCE IN THE PROVINCE 2.1 Overview of sustainable development and sustainable development of commerce 2.1.1 Concept of development and sustainable development 2.1.1.1 The concept of development Development is the increase in scale, speed and quality Economic development is understood as the process of increasing in all aspects of the economy and is considered as a process of change in both quantity and quality and is a strict combination of the completing process of economic and social issues in each country However, when the economic development of many countries around the world has reached a decent level, people began to worry about the negative effects of rapid development on the future of human Therefore, the issue of sustainable development was posed and led to the appearance of the concept of "Sustainable development" 2.1.1.2 Overview of sustainable development There are many different approaches to the concept of sustainable development, but the widely recognized and most cited definition was of World Commission on Environment and Development: Sustainable development is development that satisfies the needs of the present but does not compromise the ability of future generations to satisfy their needs From the perspective of the thesis research, the author proposes a specific definition of "Sustainable Development", that is: The development process with a strict, reasonable and harmonious combination between aspects of development, namely economic development, social development and environmental protection in order to meet the requirements of the present, but not causing obstacles to meet the needs of future generations 2.1.2 Sustainable development of commerce Sustainable development of commerce in the province has many different views, due to the perspective of approaching different research issues of each author The author proposes the concept of SDC from the perspective of approaching SDC accordance to the standpoint of sustainable development of the United Nations or Agenda 21 as follows:“Sustainable development of commerce in the province is a commercial development in which the commercial activities in the province must ensure the harmony between the three aspects of development that are economic, social and environmental” 2.2 Content of SCD in the province and the system of evaluation criteria 2.2.1 Content of sustainable development of commerce in the province Firstly, commercial business activities in the province are able to cope with and withstand high levels of abnormal phenomena from the external environment and trade has high and stable economic growth Secondly, commerce in the province has the ability to improve the quality of life, give people the opportunity to access goods distribution services, ensure social security and improve income and increase perks of workers Besides, commerce contributes to ensuring the fairness among the classes in the regions Thirdly, commercial business activities in the province have the ability to protect and improve the quality of the environment, which means the commercial business activities can properly exploit and use the resources in processing goods, limiting the amount of waste (solid, liquid, gas ) into the environment, conserving biodiversity, limiting the factors that cause climate change and ensuring energy security 2.2.2 System of evaluation criteria for sustainable development of commerce in the province 2.2.2.1 Group of criteria for assessing the level of sustainable development of commerce in the economy Growth rate of total retail sales of consumer goods and services Growth rate of import and export turnover Added value from commercial activities in the province Contribution of commerce in the GRDP of the local economy 2.2.2.2 Group of criteria for assessing the level of sustainable development of commerce on society The number of employees attracted and the average income of workers in the commerce industry in the province The level of pervasiveness and compliance with market rules in commercial activities The level of satisfying the needs of customer in commercial activities 2.2.2.3 Criteria for assessing the level sustainable development of commerce about the environment Garbage from commercial activities and the amount of commercial waste is collected and treated in the province Green logistics in commerce of the province 2.3 Factors affecting sustainable development of commerce in the province Institutional environment, commercial development law Commercial infrastructure System of commercial enterprises Commercial market Commercial human resources 2.4 Local and international experience in sustainable development of commerce and lessons learned for Binh Dinh 2.4.1 Experience in sustainable development of commerce of some localities in countries around the world Shanghai's(China) experience in sustainable development of commerce Orchard Road’s (Singapore) experience in sustainable development of commerce Bremen's (Germany) experience in sustainable development of commerce 2.4.2 Experience in sustainable development of commerce of localities in the country Ho Chi Minh City’s (HCMC) experience in sustainable development of commerce Da Nang’s experience in sustainable development of commerce Thua Thien Hue’s experience in sustainable development of 10 commerce 2.4.3 Lessons on sustainable development of commerce for Binh Dinh province - Diversify types of businesses with many different sizes, increase in number and renovate in modes of operation; - Modernize the commercial infrastructure, focus on the construction and development of a modern commercial infrastructure system; - Connecting and developing transport infrastructure system by road, rail, sea and air Particularly, focusing on building and developing Quy Nhon seaport system; - Developing high quality human resources; - It is necessary to have a long-term master plan and synchronously implement the planning of developing sustainable development of commerce - Completing local management institutions on sustainable development of commerce; - Diversifying export products and focusing on exporting products are the strength of the province - Enhancing learning experience in sustainable development of commerce of countries with developed commerce and logistics - Developing commercesustainably through the development of circulation organization models suitable to each market CHAPTER3: ACTUAL SITUATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCE IN BINH DINH PROVINCE 3.1 The natural and socio-economic characteristics of Binh Dinh province affecting the commercial development process in the area 3.1.1 Natural and socio-economic characteristics of Binh Dinh province Binh Dinh Province is located in the South Central Coast region, toward the South of the Central Key Economic Region Binh Dinh is centrally located in international and inter-regional exchange routes, the North-South and EastWest routes in the Central region and located in all four routes includingroads, railways across Vietnam, domestic air routes and sea routes Binh Dinh is close to international maritime routes, which is a convenient coastal gateway in the Central Highlands for countries in the Greater Mekong Sub-region especially Laos, Cambodia and the northeastern provinces of Thailand via Quy Nhon international seaport and highway 19 Binh Dinh has a geographical position which creates favorable conditions for economic development in general and sustainable development of commerce in particular Binh Dinh has fulfilled most of its socio-economic development plans Social welfare is guaranteed, national defence and security are strengthened, service industry continue to grow, people's jobs and incomes are improved, 16 distance of vehicles and as a result increase in fuel consumption and environmental pollution The phenomenon of air pollution in Binh Dinh province mainly in urban intersections and some concentrated production areas and traditional handicraft village Efficiency in transporting goods In addition to studying the reduction of external transport volumes, the efficient allocation of goods can make an important contribution to reducing traffic congestion, environmental pollution and saving costs Currently, logistics services in Binh Dinh province in general still contain many limitations The fragmentation of small orders leads to inefficiency in use of vehicles and increase in economic costs as well as environmental costs Besides, the service quality of logistics enterprises is rather low and has many potential drawbacks Reverse logistics Recycle and reuse of solid waste in commercial activities in Binh Dinh has been done in many different and spontaneous forms The collection of waste in every street has contributed to cleaning up and protecting the environment Processing inorganic waste can make plastic beads continue to be created into useful products for society However, the process of recycling waste manually caused environmental pollution as well as the affected the health of workers who involved in the recycling process In addition, the reverse logistics line is formed due to the recall of unsold products for upgrading, defective products to repair, used products for dismantlement and reuse partially or entirely or for reuse of packaging In Binh Dinh province, this recovery activity has not been focused Most of the recalls of defective or expired products are returned to the place of production by either the trading units or the customers Processing time for returned goods is often long and costs a lot of shipping fee Besides, to assess the status of sustainable development in Binh Dinh, the author conducted a review from thethe managers of the provinceon the situation of sustainable commercial development in three aspects (economic, social and environmental issues) The results of the assessment were above average However, the evaluation score is relatively low In addition, the managers also gave a general assessment of the status of commercial development in Binh Dinh The results showed that only about 16% of managers thought that Binh Dinh’s commerce was sustainable developed, the rest (about 84%) of the managers surveyed said that Binh Dinh trade was unsustainable developed According to the opinion of managers in Binh Dinh province, the reality of unsustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh is due to basic reasons 3.3 Assessment of factors affecting sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh 17 3.3.1 Institutional and commercial development environment The Government as well as Binh Dinh have made many documents aimed at directing, operating and supporting the development of commerce However, the implementation of documents are still quite slow, lack of topicality and face many difficulties in implementation The planning of transportation infrastructure for commerce is not synchronized and does not meet the maximum needs of the market 3.3.2 Commercial infrastructure The growth rate of commercial infrastructure in Binh Dinh province has relatively met the demand for trading, exchanging of goods in line with the provincial socio-economic development level However, a number of nucleus commercial infrastructures associated with the surrounding areas and facilitating economic development and commerce in East-West economic corridor has not been invested Besides, the province's commercial infrastructure such as warehousing system and market system still has many shortcomings, means of transportation are outdated, the connection in transport system is limited, making the sustainable development of commerce in the province more difficult 3.3.3 System of commercial enterprises Firstly, the number of business entities in the field of commerce of goods tends to increase over the years from 1112 businesses in 2010 to 1770 businesses in 2017 Of which wholesale enterprises except for automobiles, motorcycles, motorbikes and other motor vehicles accountedfor the largest proportion In 2017 the figure accounted for about 64% of the total number of enterprises operating in the field of commerce of goods In addition, the number of individual economic assets engaged in commodity trading activities in the period of 2010-2018 tends to go up In 2017 there is a significant proportion of nearly 45% of the total nonagricultural, forestry and fishery individual economic assets in the whole province In 2018, there are 44183 individual economic assets, accounting for 44,87% of the total non-agricultural, forestry and fishery individual economic assetsin the whole province Secondly, about the capacity of commercial enterprises, especially in the capital size and net revenue of commodity commercial enterprises in Binh Dinh province Average business capital of commercial businesses in Binh Dinh province tends to increase over the years, except for 2014 the capital decreased slightly compared to 2013 In addition, net sales of commodity commercial enterprises also tend to increase, the average growth rate in the period of 2010 - 2016 is an increase of about 6000 billion VND per year In 2017, the total net revenue of commodity commercial enterprises in Binh Dinh province plummeted to VND 41.538 billion On the other hand, the ratio of net revenue to business capital of commercial enterprises in the province also 18 fluctuates over the years 3.3.4 Commercial market in Binh Dinh province Commercial business activities in Binh Dinh province are relatively stable and maintain at a fairly high growth rate However, due to the volatility of the economy, the purchasing power of domestic and foreign consumers is limited and unstable Besides, suppliers of manufactured goods have not followed the actual demand or closely link between production and consumption, especially in the field of agricultural products, leading to unstability in price of goods The situation of smuggling, fraud, counterfeit goods, fake goods, poor quality goods, goods that not ensure hygiene and safety for human health and the environment are still circulated on the market Because the commercial market in the area is unstable and limited, sustainable development of commerce still have to face many difficulties 3.3.5 Commercial human resources The total number of employees in enterprises in Binh Dinh province as well as the total number of employees in commodity commercial enterprises in Binh Dinh province have the tendency to increase over the years As of 2017, the number of employees in those enterprises reached 13.877 employees On the other hand, the proportion of labor in the commodity commercial enterprises has not changed much over the years, ranging from about 9,45 – 11,05% compared to the total labor force in the enterprises of the province In addition, the number of employees in non-agricultural, forestry and fishery in individual economic assets in commodity commercial activities accounts for about 34-37% of the total number of employees in nonagricultural, forestry and fishery individuals economic assets in the province and unstable over the years In 2018 the number of employees reached 57.393 people Furthermore, productivity of commercial labor in Binh Dinh province is unstable, showing unsustainable development in commerce In addition, the factors affecting the sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province are assessed by managers as being at average level 3.4 General assessment on the reality of sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province 3.4.1 Results and achievements Firstly, sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh has obtained positive results, domestic commercial activities and import-export activities have grown steadily over the years Secondly, in order to bring the commercial activities in the province into market rule, the fight against smuggling, trade fraud, counterfeit goods, poor quality goods and unsafeted food has been strengthened in the local area Thirdly, in order to positively contribute to the local state budget and GRDP 19 of the province, the value added in local commerce in many years has generally reached a higher state than some provinces in the key economic region of the Central region Fourthly, the state management on commercial activities has been built and implemented uniformly by state authorities in Binh Dinh province Fifthly, in order to contribute to improving the efficiency of commerce reducing logistics costs, the infrastructure of province had several developments, step by step meeting the needs of development in commercial activities Sixthly, the number of enterprises operating in commodity commercial and the number of individual business in the commercial activities tend to increase in terms of quantity and business abiliity Finally, the number of employees who are attracted to work in commodity commercial enterprises and the number of employees working in non-agricultural, forestry and fishery individual economic asstets in commodity trade tend to increase 3.4.2 Limitations and reasons Firstly, the commercial infrastructure and logistics is weak, unconnected and developed synchronously The reason is that the local capital is limited and there has been no investment in a number of commercial infrastructures as a nucleus to associate with the surrounding areas Secondly, the institutional environment and the law on trade development are still limited The reason is that the implementation documents are still quite slow, lack of topicality, there are still many difficulties in the implementation and the planning of transport infrastructure for the trade is not synchronized Thirdly, human resources specialized in commerce are lacking and the working efficiency is not high The reason is that the commercially trained human resources are still quite limited and the knowledge, soft skills, professional business skills as well as the management ability of the current commercial human resources are still limited Fourthly, commercial enterprises not have the cooperations, conections and efficiency in product supply chain in commerce, there is still a situation of "every man for himself" Fifthly, the growth rate of commerce, specifically the growth rate of export turnover of goods as well as total retail sales of goods and service revenue tend to decrease and have not reached the set targets In addition, the value added of commercial commodities in Binh Dinh province and the level of contribution of commercial commodities in the province's GRDP also fluctuated over the years The first reason is due to the unpredictable changes in market and commercial promotion activities in the country and abroad have not been paid 20 much attention in Binh Dinh province The second reason is that most of Binh Dinh province's exports are at a low value in the overall value chain On the other hand, the province's sea transport activities are not commensurate, logistics services not meet the requirements and the service fee is much higher than that of neighboring local ports Sixthly, the development of commerce in terms of society is not sustainable Specifically, the average income of workers in the commodity trading enterprises in Binh Dinh tends to be unstable and is lowest among the provinces of the Central key economic region On the other hand, the level of meeting customers' needs for goods trading activities in Binh Dinh province is not high In addition, violations of market principles such as smuggling, trade fraud, counterfeit goods, poor quality goods and unsafe goodsare frequent The reason is that the balance between supply and demand of goods is not really good and the stability is unsured Moreover, the fight against smuggling, trade fraud, counterfeit goods, poor quality goods and unsafe goods are still inadequate Last but not least, waste from commercial activities has a negative impact on the environment and the waste process is not really effective The first reason is that the volume of waste is quite large and the waste processin commerce is still limited since advanced and environmentally friendly technologies have not been used Secondly, the propaganda to raise awareness and responsibility of the community about environment has not been paid enough attention Finally, there are no clear laws on waste process or policies to encourage the use of environmentally friendly energy in commercial activities _ CHAPTER 4: ORIENTATIONS AND SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCE IN BINH DINH PROVINCE TILL 2025 AND A VIEW TO 2030 4.1 Objectives, directions for socio-economic development and requirements for sustainable development of commerce of Binh Dinh Province until 2025 and a view to 2030 4.1.1 Forecast of international and domestic contexts sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province 4.1.1.1 International context - The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership comes into effect in conjunction with the EU-Vietnam Trade Agreement expected to be approved in 2019 and a number of management and operating systems suitable with integration trend has created a great driving force for economic growth of Vietnam 21 - Currently, Binh Dinh enterprises have not been greatly affected by commercial and technical barriers or put a tax on anti-dumping duties from importing countries such as the United States, South Korea and Turkey - Global growth, market size and demand for goods have been reduced, the world’s market is potentially unstable and unpredictable Many importing countries will increase the protection of domestic production, apply many trade barriers, making the export of Binh Dinh difficult 4.1.1.2 Domestic context - The economy of the whole country is changing positively, but it is forecasted that the economies of other countries still face many difficulties, the market of goods consumption and the input costs of production are not stable Therefore, production and business activities of domestic enterprises face many difficulties - In Binh Dinh province, businesses have been supported by state management authorities to overcome difficulties but it is forecasted that in the coming time, the commerce of Binh Dinh province will still face many challenges and difficulties 4.1.2 Socio-economic development objectives and directions of Binh Dinh province till 2025 and view to 2030 4.1.2.1 The goals of socio-economic development of Binh Dinh province The overall objective of socio-economic development of Binh Dinh province is having sustainable economic growth and development, restructuring economic and labor; industrialize, modernize urban areas and enhance the province's position in the coastal areas of South Central, Central Highlands and Southeast Asia In addition, the common goal is to promote the strategic position and potential of the marine economy, build an urban-rural system in Binh Dinh province for sustainable development in the socio-economic fields, improve quality of people's life, protect environment, ensure thesecurity and national defense 4.1.2.2 Orientation for socio-economic development of Binh Dinh - Focus on developing industries and handicrafts, especially industries that have advantages in raw materials sources in the direction of increasing the proportion of refined goods - Focus on developing the agricultural sector in line with the direction of manufacturing production for export - Focusing on developing the fishery industry to become a strong industry of the province - Focusing on exporting products that are the strengths of Binh Dinh and exports in the direction of increasing the proportion of refined goods - Focus on developing the service and tourism industry - Constructing and developing transport infrastructure synchronously 22 - Focusing on the matters of population, labor and job creation - Strengthening medical development - Paying attention about environmental protection 4.1.3 Requirements for sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh - Strengthening connectivity and modernization of transport infrastructure -Modernizing commercial infrastructure, paying attention to building and developing a modern commercial infrastructure system - Focusing on investment in logistics system and warehousing system - Connecting goods distribution network - Investing in waste from commercial activities processing systems and taking measures to protect and improve the environment during the commercial development process - Commercial enterprises in the province should have cooperation, links with each other and operations must follow market principles, prevent cheating in commercial activities - Developing human resources, especially high quality commercial human resources 4.2 Objectives and orientations for sustainable development of commerce in binh dinh province 4.2.1 The objective of sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh The overall objective of sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh is to build and strongly develop commerce in the orientation of modernization based on reasonably structure the industry with the participation of all economic sectors, operating in the competitive market environment which is managed and regulated by the state On that basis, enhancing the role of commerce by increasing the value of contribution to the GRDP of the province, attracting social labor, creating new jobs, linking production with consumption, leading production oriented to market demand and improve the livingquality of people Besides, environment must not be traded with the development of commerce and should bedevelopedin an environmentally friendly way 4.2.2 Orientation for sustainable development of commercial in Binh Dinh - Completing the legal system, regulations and policies for commercial development - Constructing and developing synchronously while connecting commercial infrastructure 23 - Developing and improving the competitiveness of commercial enterprises - Training professional and high quality human resources for commerce - Planning and building large-scale logistics centers, connected with seaports to develop green logistics, improve the efficiency of the circulation and distribution system of goods, and contribute to environmental protection 4.3 Solutions to sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh until 2025 with a view to 2030 4.3.1 Solutions to ensure sustainable development of commerce 4.3.1.1 Perfecting the development regulations and laws to improve the commercial business environment - Improving continuously the system of laws, regulations and policies on commercial development to ensure a full legal framework for the implementation of the commercial development plan - Strengthening local management efficiency by reforming administration to be transparent and non-corrupted Boosting coordination among parties in the implementation activities Strengthening the organizational structure at all levels to complete the tasks for sustainable development of commerce - Integrating the views and principles of sustainable development of commerce in strategies, policies, development plans - Increasing the government's leadership and state management in commercial activities in the province; regularly inspecting, examining and monitoring the implementation of sustainably develop policies, aims and targets In addition, it is necessary to have strict inspection and control activities of goods circulating in the market to prevent poor quality goods - Continuing to research, supplement and update to complete the monitoring and evaluation indicators for sustainable development of commerce suitable to each development stage - Developing programs/action plans at all levels to implement sustainable development of commerce In addition, parties need good capacity and ability to coordinate in the implementation of sustainable development of commerce in the area - Having policies to support commercial enterprises appropriately - Strengthen and strictly apply criminal and administrative sanctions to ensure the sustainable development There should be a clear reward policy for organizations and individuals that strictly implement the regulations on sustainable development assurance 4.3.1.2 Constructing and developing synchronously the commercial infrastructure Developing a network of markets, supermarkets, commercial centers, 24 exhibition centers and a large retail network of petrol and oil large enough to meet the needs of developing commercial activities in Binh Dinh province By 2025, the number of necessary markets in the province should be 232 markets, the number of necessary supermarkets is 48, the number of commercial centers is 23 and the number of necessary petrol retail shops is 395 In particular, most markets and supermarkets will be of categories II and III In addition, it is necessary to promote investment in building a number of markets andupgrading, as well as building new markets as planned Zoning commercial streets in Quy Nhon city and An Nhon town, specifically zoning commercial streets in Quy Nhon city and others in An Nhon town 4.3.1.3 Developing logistics services to green commercial activities - Strengthening and improving the effectiveness of State management to logistics activities, as well as completing the legal system, regulations and policies to develop logistics services - Investing in infrastructure for developing logistics services, especially paying attention to transport infrastructure Invest in building a number of commercial depots and logistics service centers in large scale with modern equipment By 2025, it is necessary to build warehouse systems in Phu My district, warehouse clusters in Tay Son district, warehouses for goods storage in Tuy Phuoc district and build a number of warehouse stores in An Nhon town - Paying attention to investing, developing and improving the efficiency of Quy Nhon seaport services Selected models to develop Quy Nhon seaport service: Seaport → Railway → Logistics centers → Highways→ Customers - Improving the competitiveness of logistics enterprises, training professional and high quality human resources for logistics industry and promoting cooperation and application of scientific and technological achievements in logistics 4.3.1.4 Increasing support to promote trade growth Firstly, boosting commercial promotion activities in the country and abroad to promote commercial growth in the openingcontext of the market for goods and services Secondly, focus on the structure of export Specifically, focusing on exporting the products is of the province's strength The province needs to change the structure of export products in the aim of increasing the value of processed goods, reducing exports of raw or low-processed products Thirdly, attention should be paid to the development of seaport services, especially Quy Nhon port, to promote import and export of goods and reduce logistics costs 25 4.3.1.5 Improving the management of commercial activities in the province Firstly, strengthening market control, applying measures in time to regulate supply and demand of goods Secondly, improving and further enhancing the effectiveness of the fight against smuggling, trade frauds, fake goods, poor quality goods andunsafe goods 4.3.2 Solutions to sustainable development of commerce in society 4.3.2.1 Training human resources and attracting labor to participate in commercial activities, contributing to poverty reduction and improving consumers' satisfaction - Training high-quality commercial human resources to serve the commercial state agencies in the province - Having policies to support the training of business administrative officials in commercial enterprises - Improve the quality of commercal human resources in rural areas 4.3.2.2 Strengthening cooperations between enterprises and improving the efficiency of product supply chains to create pervasive effects in the province Firstly, connecting the producers and suppliers in Binh Dinh with the system of commercial enterprises in Binh Dinh as well as other provinces and other countries Secondly, implementing cooperation and linkage programs between Binh Dinh enterprises and enterprises of other provinces Thirdly, developing models of traffic organization suitable to each commodity market, suitable to the features and levels of production, trends and satisfying modes of consumption 4.3.3 solutions to greening commercial activities in Binh Dinh province to protect the environment 4.3.3.1 Strengthening the collection and disposal of waste from commercial activities Strengthening the abliity of state management agencies in the form of organizing training, launching propaganda and disseminating laws on environmental protection Raisingawareness, community responsibilityof all levels, sectors, localities and households on environmental sanitation and waste management Paying attention to investing and promoting the socialization in waste collection, transportation andprocess activities with using advanced and environmentally friendly technologies Diversify the scale, forms, types of investment in waste management It is necessary to adopt priority policies, 26 encourage the participation of private units and investment from abroad Issuing legal documents on waste collection and process; increasing the budget of investment in facilities, cost, human resources and technical solutions to improve the efficiency of waste disposal Issuing policies to safe energy, encourage the use of clean energy, renewable energy and the reuse and recycling of solid waste 4.3.3.2 Preventing environmental pollution from commercial activities - Raising environmental awareness among regulators, commercial enterprises, consumersthrough training courses on environment and sustainable development, sharing information various forms - Modernizing means of transport and increasing the use of environmentally friendly means of transport for green logistics; limiting environmental pollution from vehicles, especially roads, railways and waterways - Developing and applying a quality control policy for goods circulating in the province - Building sanctions strictly and severely to prevent businesses and individuals from violating the State's regulations on environmental protection - Strengthening international cooperation in technology transfer, especially technologies that consume less energy, fuel and environmentally friendly - Increasing gradually the use of environmentally friendly packaging in commercial activities (supermarkets, markets, shops) and reduce the use of plastic bags in commercial activities 4.3.4 Organization of implementation In order to create an environment for sustainable development of commerce, local authority need to have specific policies for sustainable development of commerce Moreover, it is necessary to boldly invest in infrastructure in the direction of modernization and connectivity to create an environment for sustainable development of commerce In addition, it is necessary to have preferential policies for commercial enterprises to invest in modern equipments and to have a land policy to build adequate distribution centers and logistics centers in Binh Dinh province Besides, it is necessary to have the coordination to implement policies among the ministries, agencies and divisions in the province 4.4 Recommendations in implementing solutions to sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province 4.4.1 Proposals to the government Completing the system of Commercial Law with the mention of the sustainable development of national and territorial commerce 27 Directing, developing, monitoring and evaluating the implementation of action programs, commmercial development strategies and industrial development plans in provinces in general and Binh Dinh in particular Encouraging and creating favorable conditions for commercial activities to promote their effectiveness Adopting policies to adequately support investment in commercial infrastructure in Binh Dinh province and applying measures to create a favorable environment for sustainable development of commerce Developing policies to ensure close-knit coordination among ministries, agencies, and localities under the Government's unified direction in promulgating and implementing strategies for sustainable development of commerce 4.4.2 Proposals to the Ministry of Industry and Trade Specifying and appying the system of policies and laws on sustainable development of commerce to reality in a timely and effective manner Coordinating with related Ministries to infrastructural services in order to synchronously plan the infrastructure connection Leading, coordinating with ministries, sectors, localities and industry associations to develop implementation plans, action plans and solutions to improve competitiveness in goods and promote commercial promotion activities Increasing the reviews on local trade policies in accordance with the goals of sustainable development Leading, coordinating with ministriessectors, localities and industry associations to evaluate the implementation of strategies for sustainable development of commerce in localities 4.4.3 Proposals to commercial enterprises in the province Commercial enterprises in the province need: Linked to each other and to other types of businesses; Consolidating organizational structure, operational models, marketing and trade promotion activities; Strengthen market research activities, promote cooperation; Pay attention to the training of human resources; Raising awareness of the importance of sustainable trade development, raising awareness of environmental protection and social responsibility _ CONCLUSION Sustainable development is becoming an inevitable global trend, a goal for countries around the world To ensure the sustainable development of an economy requires sustainable development in all areas, of which the commercial sector is indispensable Therefore, 28 sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province plays an important role for the sustainable socio-economic development of the province Through the thesis "Sustainable development of commmerce in Binh Dinh province", the author has clarified the following contents: Firstly, the author has systematized and clarified the theory of sustainable development, namely systematizing and presenting the concept, content, evaluation criteria for sustainable development of commerce in the province In particular, the author has given groups of criteria to evaluate the sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh, including: group of criterias to assess the level of sustainable development of commerce in the economy (growth rate of total retail sales of goods and revenue from consumer services; The growth rate of import and export turnover of goods; added value from commercial activities in the area; The contribution of commerce in the GRDP of the local economy), group of criterias to assess the level of sustainable development of commerce in society(The number of employees attracted and the average income of workers in the commercial sector in the province; The level of pervasiveness and compliance with market rules in commercial activities; the level of meeting customer needs in commercial activities) and group of criterias for assessing sustainable development of commerce in environment (waste from commercial activities and the proportion of waste collected and processed in the province; Green logistics in commerce of the province) Secondly, the author has identified the main factors affecting the sustainable development of commerce in the province, including the institutional environment, law incommercial development; commercial infrastructure; system of commercial enterprises; commercial market and commercial human resources Thirdly, the author has studied the experience of sustainable development of commerce of some localities in countries around the world such as Shanghai (China), Orchard Road (Singapore), Bremen (Germany) and experience on sustainable development of commerce in a number of localities in the country such as Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang and Thua Thien Hue As a result, lessons are learned about sustainable development of commerce for Binh Dinh province Fourthly, the author has analyzed and assessed the situation of sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province from 2010 to 2018 according to aspects of economy, society and environment Moreover, the author also analyzes the current situation of basic factors affecting the sustainable development of commerce in the province through secondary data In addition, the author also draws conclusions about the evaluation of 29 experts and managers on the status ofsustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh, the reality and factors affecting the sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh and the opinions of the managers about the need of solutions to sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province Finally, the author proposes groups of solutions to sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh Province until 2025 with a view to 2030 to ensure sustainable economic and commercial growth, a group of solutions forsustainable development of commerce in society and a group of solutions aimed at greening commercial activities in Binh Dinh province to protect the environment, with specific solutions: improving institutions and developing laws to improve the commercial environment; Constructing and developing synchronously commercial infrastructure; Developing logistics services to green commercialactivities; Increasing supports to promote comercial growth; Improving the management of commercial activities in the province; Training human resources and attracting labor to participate in commercial business activities, contributing to hunger elimination and poverty reduction and improving consumers' satisfaction; Strengthening cooperation between enterprises and improving the efficiency of product supply chains to create pervasive effects in the province; Strengthening the collecting and processing of waste from commercial activities; And preventing environmental pollution from commercial activities LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS BY AUTHOR Vu Thi Nu (2017), Sustainable development of commodity commerce in Binh Dinh province, Journal of Asia - Pacific Economics, No 495 - June 2017, pages 72 - 74 Vu Thi Nu (2018), Manager's assessment of sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh, Journal of Asia - Pacific Economics, End of June 2018, page 40 - 42 Vu Thi Nu (2018), Experience in sustainable development of commerce and implications for Binh Dinh province, Proceedings of the First International Conference on "Trade and Distribution" in 2018, Agriculture Publishing House,1109 - 1121 Vu Thi Nu (2018), Current situation of human resources in wholesale and retail commerce in Binh Dinh province, Proceedings of International Scientific Conference "International economic integration: Training and developing Logistics human resources in Vietnam ”,Labour and Social Publisher, 448 - 461 Tran Hoang Long and Vu Thi Nu (2018), Development of human resources for the sustainable development of the national logistics system, Proceedings of the National Conference "Building and developing the national and the Central key economic region logistics system”, Labour and Social Publisher, 262 - 268 ... development of commerce in binh dinh province 4.2.1 The objective of sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh The overall objective of sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh is to... productivity of commercial labor in Binh Dinh province is unstable, showing unsustainable development in commerce In addition, the factors affecting the sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province. .. basic factors affecting the sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province - Analyze the current situation of sustainable development of commerce in Binh Dinh province from 2010 to 2018