Objective of the research: to further clarify the scientific basis of the proposal for complete policieson developing TI in Vietnam by 2025 and orientation to 2030.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE VIETNAM INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL AND TRADE POLICY AND STRATEGY = DANG THANH PHUONG POLICIES ON DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE INFRASTRUCTURE IN OUR COUNTRY BY 2020 Major: Commerce Code: 62.34.01.21 Summary of doctoral thesis in economics The thesis is completed at Vietnam Institute ofIndustrial and Trade Policy and Strategy Scientific supervisors: Prof., Doc. Do Duc Binh Doc. Vo Van Quyen Prof. , Dr. Do Duc Binh Dr. Vo Van Quyen Reviewer 1: …………………………………………… Reviewer 2: …………………………………………… Reviewer 3: …………………………………………… Thesis will be defended in front of Committee of Vietnam Institute of Industrial and Trade Policy and Strategy At …. hour …., day …. month …. year … The thesis can be found at: National Library Library of Vietnam Institute of Industrial and Trade Policy and Strategy INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale of the thesis Trade is the basic stage of reproduction, link of production and consumption Trade growth is a manifestation of a prosperous economy. The convenient and modern infrastructure is a prerequisite for smooth trading, production development. Trade infrastructure (TI) includes: Trade infrastructure (TI) for import and export; TI for wholesale; TI for retail; TI for trade promotion. In Vietnam, TI has formed naturally, quite completely, met basic production and consumption demands. However, there have been inappropriate points which the main reasons is the state policies on the development of the trade infrastructure have limitations The Government, Ministries, localities have cared about formulating and implementing policies. However, policieson development of trade infrastructure has much limitationsnegatively affecting the development of TI, mainly policies on developing each type of TI whereas not many policies on developing TI as a whole body of TI in links with each other. Meanwhile, naturally connecting types which form TI, the establishment of new TI… requires a solution to improve policies. Besides, the type of TI which are the traditional market, supermarket, trade center (TC) have been and still occupy large numbers, directly affect the life and business of people and companies with the important role of Logistics Center. From the need of research as mentioned above, the thesis topic was selected for research 2. Objective and mission of the research Objective of the research: to further clarify the scientific basis of the proposal for complete policieson developing TI in Vietnam by 2025 and orientation to 2030 Mission of the research: to systematize, clarify the theory of the State policies on developement of TI; evaluate the actual situation of contents, progress of policies on development of TI; propose opinions, solutions to complete policies on national development of TI by 2025, orientation to 2030 3. Object and scope of the research Objective of the research: the State policies on development of TI Scope of the research:As for spatial dimension: in Vietnam As for time dimension: Analyzing the real situation in 20032016 period and proposing policies recommendations by 2025, orientation to 2030 As for content: Analyzing the State policieson development of TI, in which the content, process of policies are focused. Traditional TI with the market (retail, wholesale) and modern TI with the supermarket, TCs are prioritized in analyzing policies on development TI for service mainly is logistics centre Due to limitations of thesis length and capacity of collecting information, for in line with first scope as mentioning to visible TI, PhD. student did not mention electric trade as a main content 4. Research method Method of dialectical materialism, historical materialism, systematic method Sociology method, survey method, interview method, observation method, method of analysis, of document analysis 5. Contributions of the thesis Academic contributions: The thesis has systematized, supplemented and clarified the theory of policies on development of TI (contents, process of policies), studied experiences of countries on policies on developing TI, had lessons for Vietnam Practical contributions: The thesis has generalized the real situation of Vietnam’s policies on development of TI from 2003 to 2016; evaluated the results, limitations and causes in content and process of policies on development of TI The thesis has brought views, orientations and solutions, proposals for complete content and process of policies on development of TI generally and policies on development of specific Tis particularly by 2025 and orientation to 2030 6. Structure of the thesis Apart from prescribed parts, thesis includes following main contents: Chapter 1: Theoretical base and practical experience in policies on development of trade infrastructure Chapter 2: The real situation of Vietnam’s policies on development of trade infrastructure Chapter 3: Viewpoints and solutions to complete and improve Vietnam's policieson development of trade infrastructure by 2025 with orientation to 2030 LITERATURE REVIEW OF RESEARCH PROJECTS RELATED TO THE THESIS TOPIC 1. The group of scientific works refers to theoretical issues This group mainly mentions concepts, contents, methods, analytical models, policiesevaluation in general and policies on development of TI in particular, includes 09 typical works The group of scientific works mentions the experiences of developing TI of countries, includes 05works 3. The group of scientific works refers to the current state of policy and developing TI in our countryincludes 07 works. Besides, there are some books, scientific papers on the real situation of developing markets, supermarkets, TCs in general 4. A space in science and research direction for the thesis The definition of TI has not been understood clearly, comprehensively, clarified the unity of its definitions The policy on development of TI in Vietnam is analyzed in a field relating to one type of TI or in a limited spatial domain with no generalization, evaluation of policies on developing general TI which have association among TI types The policy on development of TI is often mentioned in the form of a listing and a qualitative assessment In both theory and practice, process of policies on development of TI has not been detailed and generalized Therefore, the chosen content for further study is analyzing policies on development of TI generally, the link betweenTI for retail (market, supermarket, TC) and TI for wholesale (wholesale market, terminal market) and TI for exports ( Logistics Center) Phd Student has also tried to usesurvey method, interview and statistical analysis method to illustrate evaluation on policies on development of TI in Vietnam recently. The domestic and international scientific works is such very good references However, the study "Policy on development of trade infrastructure in our country until 2020" is affirmed to not identical with the published research CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL BASE AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE IN POLICY ON DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE INFRASTRUCTURE 1.1. DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION, CONTENT AND ROLE OF POLICY ON DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE INFRASTRUCTURE 1.1.1. Definition of policyon development of trade infrastrucutre 1.1.1.1. Definition of trade infrastructure a) Infrastructure is a specific part of technical material foundations in the national economy with basic functions and tasks whichensure the general necessary conditions for the production and reproductive expansion processtake place normally; the overall material, technical and architectural background for socioeconomic activities take place normally b) Trade infrastructure Trade is an independent economic sector, with the function of commodity circulation, providing services to society through profitable sales Trade is the basic stage of reproduction, production consumption links, also known as circulation TI is the whole of typical works for trade activities taking place in a safe, convenient, quick and effective way. Characteristics of TI: To be uniform, synchronous, to create a solid body, ensuring the strength, system and link In each type of TI, independent components are relatively related, ensuring effective service; (ii) small to largescale TI works, mainly outdoors, nationwide; (iii) is an important part of the economic infrastructure, production and consumption link in the country, internationally Classification: TI for retail; TI for wholesale; TI for import and export; TI for trade promotion The mainrole and function of TI:+Market is the place where trading activities between producers, traders and consumers happen and the place: (i) consumpting output, input supply; reflecting market signals, consumer demand; orientation, promotion of production, reproduction; (ii) consuming and supplying goods, orientation, promotion of consumption The function is directly centralizing services: Buying, selling, forming market prices, controlling quality and creating value for goods; Trade promotion, market access; Additional services, business support + Supermarket: is a selfservice store, selling items that meet daily consumption demands, with an owner; a modern retail TI style connecting production and consumption more deeply than the market. Supermarkets have the main function as markets, but develop more with better service, price list, clear origin +Trade center: is a modern type of TI, larger than supermarkets, more complex than of booths, independent retail outlets. Goods are owned by the company/ shop owner; there are works in service of trade and entertainment activities; Multifunctional TI + Logistics Center: is the direct place to provide logistics services, organized by logistics service providers Store function, loading, unloading, dividing goods; create value added logistics; optimal storage; The role is to reduce time of goods flow in the supply chain, reduce costs, improve the efficiency and competitiveness of logistics enterprises, complete the quality of services 1.1.1.2. Developing trade infrastructure It is the change and mobilization from the incompletion to the completion of TI, solvesproblems of TI, reduces negative factors, inherits and raises the positive factors of TI It is a process taking place based on the width (growth in the number of TIs) and depth (changes in the quality of TI in a good, modern and more appropriate way to the needs of the users) The content of developing TI includes: developing TI quality growth generally, developing industrialization and modernization TI contributes to trade business and competitiveness capacity of trade businesses; balanced, harmonious, effective development of trade business types, sustainable TI development Indicators assessing the development of types of TI: (i) Growth in the number of each type; The number of types of TIs; The quantity of goods and services supplied by the TIs; (ii) Modernization of facilities; An increase in the quality of goods and services provided at TIs; (iii)Population and average radius of TIs Trend of modern development of TI: TI developed from tradition to modernity, especially in the context of increasingly developed science and technology has impacted this trend That is the establishment of new commercial business methods, distinct from the traditional way. Since then, infrastructure to serve trade business methods must also have its own characteristics 1.1.1.3. Definition of policy on development of trade infrastructure Policies on development of TI is overall the State’s viewpoints, objectives, principles, tools and measures used to orient, guide, organize, encourage the development of TI in a given period of time. 1.1.2. Classifyingpolicy on development of trade infrastructure Classification by agency enact policy: Central, Local agency Classification by time: shortterm, mediumterm and longterm policy Classification by type of TI:cmarket development policy, supermarket development, TC development, logistics center development, exhibition center development, Classification bycontent: preferential policy, policy on investment support for TI; policy on management of TI Classification bytools: credit policy, tax, planning, land policy, policy on economic and technical standards, Classification bythe target audience / scope of the policy 1.1.3. Content of policy on development of trade infrastructure 1.1.3.1. Content, form and layout The content of the policy on development of TI addresses actual problems of current TI and in development orientation; mentions one of two main areas; TI state management and investment TI promotion; shows the will, attitude of the State towards the issue in the development of TI The written form includes laws, ordinances, decrees, decisions and circulars of ministries and interministries. Each policy includes objectives of policy and problemsolving solutions for developing TI, main tool is the economy; administrative organization; propaganda, education; technique and profession. 1.1.3.2. Process of policies on development of trade infrastructure The process of public policy is generalized in three periods which are formulation, implementation and evaluation policy.Each policy of developingTI also follows the above procedure. The first period is formulating policies on development of TI Formulating policies on development ofTI is the whole process of studying, formulating, promulgating a policy on development of TI. The subject formulating are: the subject of policy making; the subject comment on policyformulating; the subject determines the policy The cycle includes: (i) Identification of policy issues; (ii) drafting policy options; (iii) policy design; (iv) Promulgate policies The second period is implementing policy on development of TI: Implementing policieson development of TI is after the formulation 10 period. At that time, the policy on development of TI has been passed to the executive branch for implementation Subjects implementing are: Government and the State management agencies on development of TI; Businesses investing in TI, business men and consumers The cycle includes: formulatingplans of policy implementation; Disseminating policy; Assigning,coordinating the implementation of policy; Implementingpolicy; Maintaining, adjusting policy; monitoring, inspecting, urging the implementation of policy The third period is monitoring and evaluating policies: Evaluating the results of implementing policies on development of TI; Understand the level of policies achieving goals; reasons of success and failure. This period is carried out continuously during the time of maintaining policies, evaluating the whole / whole policies, with the subject as state agencies and implementing policies of developing TI 1.1.4.Role of policies on development of TI Orientation of activities of subjects related to TI Supporting a mechanism to encourage socioeconomic entities to voluntarily participate in business investment and development of TI Creating a favorable environment for the development of TI Regulating the activities of TI 1.2 REQUIREMENTS, CRITERIA AND IMPACT FACTORS FOR EVALUATING POLICIES ON DEVELOPMENT OF TI 1.2.1.Requirements of policies on development of TI Clearly and consistencydefined policy objectives Ensuring that the policy is systematic, synchronous and uniform Matching modern, open socioeconomic development trend Ensuring the policy conforms to characteristics of the type of TI 1.2.2. Criteria for assessing policies on development of TI 1.2.2.1 Group of criteria to evaluate the content of policies on development of TI (i) The validity of the policy; (ii) The effectiveness of the policy 15 million people in 2015. Formula for calculating the sample size: n = z 2 => The sample size is: n = 1,96 2 x = 385. In fact, the total number of votes is: 400, collected362 votes, reaching 90.5% 2.2.1. Real situation of the process of policies on developing TI The policy development process of TI in Vietnam involves: (i) in the central level: the MIT (directly the Planning and General Department and the Domestic Market Department); (ii) provinces/ cities under the Central Government: Department of Industry and Trade (Department of Trade Management); (iii) district, town: District People's Committee (Economic/ Infrastructure Division/ Industry and Commerce). Coordination of responsibilities is of the Ministry and relevant departments. Basic policy formulating and implementing steps like the theory framework in Chapter In practical, in the past till 2015, formulation of policies on development of TI was in line with law on the Promulgation of Legal Documents in 2008 On June 22, 2015, the National Assembly passed the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents (Law of 2015), basically renewing the construction process. The process of drafting laws, ordinances, decrees and resolutions of People's Council in provinces and building policies is separated. Formulating policies on development of TI is in this direction. Two examples are proposing amendments to the Trade Law 2005 and proposing to amend Decree 02 on markets were implemented in steps such as the policy impact assessment report; Report on the implementation of laws relating summary report, acceptance of comments; photographs of comments; Draft outline of the Decree. Activities for gathering comments, policy reviews have been implemented. The process of formulating policies has been adjusted, similar to other countries, from the bottom up. The ministry is in charge of drafting the policy, consulting ministries, agencies, related components, businesses and other components According to the analysis of survey data, most of assessments on the effectiveness of the implementation of policies on developing TI are 16 generally at a low level, 3 points. It is the Feasibility and Effectiveness of policies, the level of united transparency of implementation policy decisions, the quality of government staff implementing policy, the level of propaganda, education of policies, and participation of social classes in the implementation of policies on development of TI. Some indicators have the average point less than 3, namely, the economic effectiveness of the Policy, the Level of policy implementation, the mobilization of resources and the Use of policy tools of state management agencies. Collected interviews show that enterprises have easy and timely access to policies through dispatch, internet, press release and newspapers Implementing policies on development of some types mainly markets, supermarkets, TCs, most indicators have the average point of 3. In all three categories, the level of policy materalization and the level of united transparency of policy implementation decisions were assessed positively, reaching 33.1 points. The implementation of policies on TCs development was evaluated better, most indicators were from to 3.2 points. Mobilization of resources and the use of policies tools by state management and participation of different social classes in policy implementation, with all three types were evaluated at low point, under 3. Communication performance and education policies on development of Markets and ST were 2.8 points Involvement of the social classes in implementation of policies ondevelopment markets was low, at 2.6 points 2.2.2. Real situation of the content of policies on development of TI First, the content of policies on development of TI has been institutionalized inline with the Party’s guideline The role of TI is recognizedmore clearly in terms of guideline, broader in terms of type, and more detailed in terms of policy, shown in the Resolutions of the Communist Party of Vietnam: Resolution No.12NQ/TW on1996/03/01 of the Politburo "On continuing to renovate the organization and operation of trade, develop the market in the socialist orientation" 17 The policy on development of TI is stated in the Resolution of the 9thNational Party Congress Resolution of the 5thPlenum of the Party Central Committee, Session IX on acceleration of agricultural, rural industrialization and modernization in the 20012010 period Resolution No. 08/NQTW on 2007/02/05, the 4th Plenum of the X Party Central Committee on major guidelines, policies for a fast, sustainable economic development when Vietnam as WTO member Resolution No. 26/NQTW on2008/05/08 in the 7 th conference of the X Party Central Committee on agriculture, farmers, rural areas Resolution No 13NQ/TW, 2012/01/16, the 4thConference, the XI Party Central Committee, orientation to develop main types of TIs including markets; distribution, wholesale centers; types of convenience, specialized stores; supermarkets, TCs; exhibitions Institutionalizing the Party’s guideline on development of TI, since 1996, the legal framework for developing TIhas been improved step by step The State has enacted legal documents related law The Government and Ministries have enacted legal documents under law.According to content division, policies on developing TI in Vietnam include (i) investment promotion with preferential investment policies capital support policies from state budget; (ii) and state management policies Second, some indicators assessing content quality of policies on developing TI According to survey data, relating content quality of policies on developing TI generally, indicators evaluated positively are the adequacy, omprehensiveness of policies (3,2 points) The synchronization, unity of constituent elements of policies (3,1 points) and the stability of policies (3,1 points), while some indicators evaluated under average (under points) are the appropriation, the practicality of policies (2,9 points), the update of policies (2,8 points). Content quality of policies on main types development which are markets, supermarkets and TCs showed through survey data: The synchronization, unity of constituent elements of policies and the appropriation, the 18 practicality of policies were evaluated positively, from 3 3,1 points. The stability of policies on markets, supermarkets development were evaluated at average level (3 points). Indicators assessing content policy of 3 types were under average, from 2,7 to 2,9 points. It can be seen that the content of policies on developing TI has limitations 2.2.3 Real situation of investment encouragement policy on developing TI 2.2.3.1. Promotion policy There are barely general incentives policy for investment in developing TI, only some regulations on incentives for investors developing TI in rural , dificult areas Specifically: Decision No.92/2009/QDTTg on 2009/07/08 on credit incentives for trade businesses in difficult areas, with specific principles the maximum loan, interest rate, deadline for regular trade businesses in difficlut areas adapting conditions in Article 5 of this decision. These businesses are allowed to lendVietnam Bank for Social Policies to meet capital needs for trade including: (i) Investment in building agencies, stores, warehouses, equipments and other legacies; (ii) Purchasing goods including machines, equiments, materials, raw materials, consumer goods and other chattels on market; (iii) Joining capital with other individuals, organizations to carry out production programs, businesses in difficult areas. Decision No.23/QD TTg on 2010/01/06approved by the Prime Minister for the project "Rural Trade Development in the 20102015 period and orientation to 2020": Investment programs on infrastructures in rural areas are applied promotion policy in Decree No.108/2006/NDCP on 2006/09/22 of detailed principles and instructions to implementation investment policies, state credit loan for investment based on Decree No.151/2006/NDCP on 2006/12/20of credit investment and credit exports of the State and Decree No.106/2008/NDCP on 2008/19/09 (replaced by Decree No.75/2011/NDCP on 2011/30/08 of credit investment and credit exports of the State) Till now, investment incentive policy for some typical types of TI According to the Government's Decree No.51/1999 /NDCP on 19 1999/07/08, investment in constructing supermarkets is on the list of branches, domains that is eligible for investment preferences. Then, in the Government Decree No.35/2002/NDCP on 2002/03/29, investment in construction, development of supermarkets was excluded from the investment incentives list According to Decree No.108/2006/NDCP on 2006/09/22 (Decree 108/2006), trade projects in difficult, very difficult areas are entitled to preferential investment policyas other branches ‘ones when investing in the same area This Decree’s encouragement, investment incentives apply to 1st rank markets and exhibition centers Next, documents specialized the policy were promulgated: Decree No. 151/2006/NDCP on 2006/12/20; and Decree No. 54 /05/2013); Decree No 114/2009/NDCP on 2009/12/23, amending and supplementing articles of Decree No.02/2003/NDCPon 2003/01/14; Decision No.23/QDTTg on 2010/01/06approved by the Prime Minister for the project "Rural Trade Development in the 20102015 period and orientation to 2020"Decree No.61/2010/NDCP on2010/04/06 to encourage enterprises to invest in agriculture and rural areas (replaced by Decree No.210/2013 /NDCP on 2013/06/19).Decision No.482/QD TTg dated 2010/14/4 stipulating mechanisms and policies to encourage the development of border markets.On November 26, 2014, the National Assembly promulgated the Investment Law No. 67/2014/QH13 The Government promulgated Decree No. 118/2015/CP on 2006/09/22; To abolish: (i) List of geographical areas eligible for enterprise income tax incentives, issued with the Government's Decree No.218/2013/NDCP on 2013/12/26; (ii) List of sectors eligible for import tax incentives, attached to the Government's Decree No.87/2010/NDCP on 2010/08/13; Clause 4 of Article 19 and the “list of geographical areas entitled to land rent preferences shall apply only to geographical areas with specific administrative boundaries” in Clause 3, Article 19 of Decree No.46/2014/NDCP on2014/05/15 of the Government 20 According to Decree 118/2015, investment, construction and management, market business in rural areas are of the special investment incentiveslist; exhibitions, logistics center, commodity store, supermarket, TC are included in the investment privileges list 2.2.3.2. Capital support policy of state budget The capital for developing TI from the state budget shall be used mainly for market development according to Decree No. 02/2003/ND CP on 2003/01/14; For mountainous,remote areas, there are support investment policies under the programs 135, 120 and 160; Decree No.114/2009/NDCPQ; Decision 60/2010/QDTTg regulates the allocation of state budget for transitional infrastructure works People's committees of provinces, cities under central authority promulgate specific mechanisms, policies to support the development of TIin their localities. Materalization the Party’s guideline in Resolution 12/NQTW, programs have been built and carried out. However, up to now, there have been no specific legal documents regulating the mechanism for establishing the position, the power of regulating the market for ST, TCs as well as handling the relationship between traditional and modern TI In the 2005 Commercial Law, except for the Commercial Exchange mentioned as a specific type of TI, only trade fairs, exhibitions, and logistics services such as commercial activities have not been mentioned. as a trade activities but not mentioned the role as a type of TI; There is no provision in the Law on TI as policies on management, development, support and planning 2.2.4 Real situation of management policies on development of TI 2.2.4.1.Planning policy Planning is an important tool for managing the development of TI. Regulations on planning have been concretized by the following documents: Decree 92/2006/NDCP on 2006/09/07approved by the Government on the formulation, approval and management of the master plan for socioeconomic development (Decree 92/2006). Decree No.04/NDCP on 2008/01/11, amending and supplementing articles of Decree No.92/2006 (ND 04/2008). Guiding circulars include: Circular 21 No.01/2007/TTBKH on 2007/02/07 of the Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI) guides implementing articles of Decree No.92/2006/NDCP; Circular No.03/2008/TTBKH on2008/01/07 of the MPI guides implementing articles of Decree No.04/2008/ND CP.Then, replacing for two above circulars, on 2013/10/31, the Ministry of Planning and Investment enacted Circular No 05/2013/TTBKHTT guiding the establishment, appraisal, approval, adjustment and publication the master plan for socioeconomic development; Major sectorial, domain and product planning in accordance with Decree 92/2006 and Decree 04/2008 All previous regulations contrary to this Circular are hereby annulled.Most recently, the Planning Law was approved by the National Assembly XIV on November 24, 2017 The Ministry of Industry and Trade (MIT) also enacts regulations on planning 2.2.4.2 Policy on economictechnical standards: Criteria for identifying and classifying types of markets mentioned in Decree No.02/2003/NDCP on 2003/01/14; with mountainous, dificult areas, and Decree No. 114/2009/NDCP on 2009/12/23 amended and supplemented articles of Decree No.02/2003/NDCP. The criteria for the market are included in recommended standard in TCVN 9211: 2012 Market Design standard. With supermarkets and TCs, only the supermarket, TC regulationwas promulgated in Decision No 1371/2004/QDBTM on2004/4/29 of theMIT. Logistics Center are divided into levels in Decision No. 1012 on 2015/07/03 approvved by Prime Minister. There are barely identities and specific criteria for other types of TI 2.2.4.3 Policy on management model The state management of markets and models of organizingmarket management are specified in Article 13 Decree No.02/2003/NDCP Business organizations, individuals violating shall be handled according to the provisions of law 2.2.4.4. ENT policy: Since 2007, Viet Nam has legally committed itself to specific, quantitative and transparent ENT policy Till now, FDI enterprises have set up retail establishmentsapart from the first retail establishments with an area of less than 500 m2 in areas planned for 22 goods purchase and sale and finsihed constructing infrastructure must not follow ENT regulations 2.3 ANALYSIS OF THE REAL SITUATION OF POLICY ON DEVELOPMENT OF TI THROUGH SURVEY DATA 2.3.1.Appropriate points of policies on development of TI The process of policies on development of TI has been improved.Important policies are more scientifically proven, initially to create and improve policies on development of TI in accordance with the requirements of state management practice and the development of the industry of TI. Policies meet basic requirements of development, responding to the impact of global economic crisis. Ministries, sectors, local authorities, agencies are aware of the importance and responsibility in implementing process. The implementation of policies meets basic requirements of local characteristics, characteristics of policy beneficiaries Review of policy implementation has begun to be noticed Policy analysis and evaluation has begun to attract attention Appropriate points of policies on development of TI: policies have been step by step promulgated, supplemented and amended in line with the State management requirements in the market economy. The legal environment is formed in a relativelty synchronious manner, creating conditions for domestic and foreign economic sectors to invest to develop TI The management of TI business activities has been strengthened. Preferential policies, incentives and investment support positively impact on TI The progress in management policies on development of TI through policy tools: The formulation of development of TI is concerned; Criteria for identifying some types of TI are issued; The statistics and information dissemination on TI shall be implemented For promotionpolicies on developing TI, it can be seen some progress. Economic sectors participate actively in trade investment and business The encouragement policy achieves positive results The 23 socialization policy is clear and convincing. Economic sectors joining in investment markets are diverse Effective participation of FDI enterprises in the development of TI The policy of developing TI has had a positive impact on quantity and quality of TI network 2.3.2. The inadequacy of the policy on development of TI The inadequacies in formulating policy for development of TI + The limitedinvolvement of affected objects in formulatingpolicy + Formulating policy on development of TI was not comprehensive + The process of making policy of developing TI was still closed + Limited involvement in policy formulation + Formulation policy on developing TI has not kept up with the country's integration recently + Limitations in assessingimpact of prepromulgated policyin VN Shortcomings in the implementation of policy on developing TI + The policy of developing TI is not synchronous + The content of some policies is not close to reality, not timely + The contents of guiding documents are unclear and unanimous + The content was not based on firm legal framework The inadequacies of somepolicies on developing specific TI:policy on TI socialization; on renovation of old, downgraded market to marketTC; on ENT; on technical, economic standards The development of the network of TI has limitations in terms of quality of goods, services, facilities, mainly the network of markets 2.3.3. Cause of inadequacies Insufficient awareness on TI role and the necessity of policy Political factors in the process of deciding to invest in TI The shortcomings of the government's determination Weaknesses in mobilizing resources, exchanging information, coordinating and using policy tools Participation of objects affecting by policies on developing TI Limitations of the capacity of the enterprises investing in TI 24 Some other specific policy causes CHAPTER 3. VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS TO COMPLETE VIETNAM’S POLICIES ON DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE INFRASTRUCTURE BY 2025, ORIENTATION TO 2030 3.1 FORECAST OF FACTORS AFFECTING POLICIES ON DEVELOPING TRADE INFRASTRUCTURE 3.1.1. Forecast of objective factors Leadership of the Party in opinions, orientations for policies on development of TI is close, decisive in the coming period The capacity of mobilization and use resources for policy process will be more completed The nature of policy issues are more diverse, complicated. 3.1.2. Forecast of subjective factors Environment for implementation, formulation of policies: The economic and political environment are stable to improve investment efficiency Population and living standard of population in Viet Namchanges in quantity, age and distribution; an increase in average income, income gap; a reduction of household size; Forecasts on production industriesaffects the development orientation of TI; Advances in technology: The 4th Industrial Revolution changes the producing way affecting the way people live, work International commitments are implementedThe international commitments on developing TI is implemented Participation of companies, reisdents in the process of policies Factors above are forecasted to change production, allocation, consumption trend in Vietnam Since then, TI has been changed to develop following new requirements to complete policies 3.2 OPINIONS TO COMPLETE THE POLICY ON DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE INFRASTRUCTURE Mentioned contents of policy on developingTI is comprehensive and has positive impact on creating a reasonableNTIin terms of quantity, 25 structure, quality, modernity, economic, social and political efficiency, environment, food hygiene and domestic, foreign affairs Completing the process of policy on developing TI must go with country and sector’s socioeconomic development objectives Completing the policy is one of activities boostingtrade operation Completing the policy on development of TI must ensure the participation of the State management agencies and other subjects Completing the policy must ensure the exploitation of advantages,abide general principles, fulfill interests, obligations of international organizations which Vietnam has joined and committed in the FTAs 3.3 SOLUTIONS FOR COMPLETINGPOLICIESON DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE INFRASTRUCTURE 3.3.1. Completing the process of formulating policies Clearly identifyingexact existingproblemwhile developing TI and appropriate awareness to content of policies on developing TI Process of policies on developing TI requires participation. Complete the mechanism for appraising and approving TI development policies Improving the quality and effectiveness of process TI development policies Close coordination between ministries and sectors Learning international experiences Increasing propaganda policies Maintaining monitoring and supervision after the implementation policies on development of TI to ensure the accuracy, validity and efficiency of policies 3.3.2 Improving the capacity to implement the policy on development of trade infrastructure Improving the capacity of employees formulating and implementing policies on development of TI 26 The State needs solutions to provide finance sources, equipments to implement adequately, efectively the process of policies on developing TI, then the content is good, realistic and practical. 3.3.3. Improving the role and responsibility of TI investors For the State: (i) encouraging, trainingworkers in TIs; (ii) Increasing budget for policy implementation For TC investors: Actively learning policies, regulations on developing TCs; Joining forums, trainings on management, business of TC; specific comments timely on the draft policy 3.3.4. Completing the content of policies on developing TI The contents should be simple, easy to understand, scientific and accessible layout The content should be consistent with actual development of TI The content should be improved in the modern way The policy needs to be improved and in line with the international legal framework, as committed in agreement signed by Vietnam 3.3.5. Completing promotion policies on development of TI Policy focusing on developing specific types of TI About attracting, using and accessing capital Continuing to propose recommendations to supplement the field of investing in TI into the list of incentives for socialization based onDecree No.69/2008/NDCP on 2008/5/30; RevisingDecree No.75/2011/NDCP on2011/8/30 in the direction that investors in the field of TIare entitled to access preferential credit capital Encouraging credit loans for TI investors especially small, medium ones; Tax reform for enterprisesinvestmenting, managing TI Regarding land access: The policy on planning of land use for developingTI is in line with the planning on development of types of TI in each locality; Focusing on creating a reasonable land fund for the development of TI, especially TI affecting the region and country; implementing preferential policy on land use with business investment projects of TI in agricultural, rural areas should be concretized with 27 suburbrural areas; Enterprises actively connect and find a favorable location for developingTI 3.3.6 Completing management policies on developing TI Completing planning policy Completing standard policy Completing policy on management model Completing ENT policy Completing policy with domestic investment businesses 3.4. CONDITIONS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE SOLUTION Conditions related to the TI development policies itself Conditions related to the subject and resources for implementing policies Conditions related to policy formulation, implementation CONCLUSION At present, requirements as the new context and the viewpoints, guidelines of the Party for the development of infrastructure generally, TI particularly needs to be thoroughly understood and applied attaching urgently formulating, implementing of state policy The thesis "Policy on development of trade infrastructure in our country by 2020" has systematized, clarified the rationale for policy on development of TI. The thesis has generalized, analyzied and clarified factors affecting the development of TI and policy on development of TI and studied experiences ofpolicy on developing TIof some countries, drawn lessons for Vietnam Based on that, the thesis has systemtized the existing policies, assessed the positive results and existing and limitations of the policy on development of TI in Vietnam recently through the qualitative assessment, results of opinion polls, interviewingexperts, state management officials, enterprises, business men and consumers about 3 focused main types which are markets, supermarkets and TCs 28 The thesis proposes viewpoints, directions and solutions to complete and improve the policy on development of TI by 2020, orientation to 2030 and the conditions to implement these solutions Due to framework limitations and actual conditions, the thesis refers to 3 popular types of TI, and has not thoroughly evaluated all stages in the process of policy on development of TI but only focused on policy formulation and implementation. Phd. Student hopes with the support of scientists and regulators, this issue will continue to be studied, completed and improved Thanks to the two very important teachers: Prof., Dr. Do Duc Binh và Dr. Vo Van Quyenwith excellent responsibility, the support ,enthusiasm of leaders and the department of the training facility which is the the Vietnam Institute for Trade (now is Vietnam Institute of Industrial and Trade Policy and Strategy), the attention, suggestions and support of scientists and colleagues. Phd. Student is looking forward to receiving the attention and support as above so that Phd. Student can best finish the thesis in the near future AUTHOR’S PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO THE THESIS Dang Thanh Phuong, (2013), "Real situation and Orientation for Supermarket Development in the Red River Delta", Journal of Trade Studies, No. 2, June 2013 2. Dang Thanh Phuong, (2015), "Study on finalization of criteria for determining the main types of trade infrastructure in Vietnam",The scientific researching thesis at ministry level, code number DTKHCN 141/15 Dang Thanh Phuong (2015), "The Concept and Criteria for Classification of Shopping Centers in Some Countries in the World," Journal of Trade Studies, No. 16, August 2015 4. Trinh Thi Thanh Thuy, Dang Thanh Phuong (2015), "Development of logistics services from international experience", Journal of Trade Studies, No. 18, December 2015 29 5. Dang Thanh Phuong (2015), "Experience in maintaining traditional markets in the world and trend of market development in Vietnam", Proceedings of workshop on market development and management in Hai Phong, Hai Phong Department of Industry and Trade Dang Thanh Phuong (2017), "Real Situation of developing convenience stores in Vietnam", Journal of Trade Studies, No 26, April 2017 7. Dang Thanh Phuong (2018), " Completing and improving the policy on development of trade infrastructure in our country", Journal of Industry and Trade, Article Research results and technology application No. 1, January 2018 ... EXPERIENCE IN POLICY ON DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE INFRASTRUCTURE 1.1. DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION, CONTENT AND ROLE OF POLICY ON DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE INFRASTRUCTURE 1.1.1. Definition of policyon development of trade infrastrucutre ... in policies on development of trade infrastructure Chapter 2: The real situation of Vietnam’s policies on development of trade infrastructure Chapter 3: Viewpoints and solutions... implementation of policies ondevelopment markets was low, at 2.6 points 2.2.2. Real situation of the content of policies on development of TI First, the content of policies on development of TI has been institutionalized inline with the Party’s guideline