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M 32(/0 5# ##&: ( (& ' - , ##&: ( (##%- ##&% ; (##%- # ##&% ; (& ' - )A3 / ! # ! ## " & ) (B " C ' *& " (& ) ($%B& ) C ) (7B& ) C ' (89B& ) C ' (89B& ) C ) ( B& ) C ' % &- , ##%- $& ) - # B&C ' - )EJT#P&B_T4`CT%S263K[6^ ) (*& ' (&(% ' -, ' (& ' (& ' ( " ( ' - ' -% ' (& ' (& ' ( ' - # ) (& ' ( ' ( " ( ' - aKDKbc5 de,--- 'de,--- )de#--- "de--- =de--- >de#--- Ade--- Ede,--- Gde,--- Hde--- de#--- 'de--- )de,--- "de--- =de--- >de#--- Ade--- Ede--- Gde,--- 'Hde--- 'de--- ''de#--- ')de--- '"de--- '=de,--- '>de#--- 'Ade--- 'Ede#--- 'Gde--- )Hde--- )de,--- )'de,--- ))de--- )"de--- )=de--- )>de--- )Ade#--- )Ede#--- fgh& Q R 5W/i Ijk 3 NO − 2 4 ,H SO Cu ##M%2(6^ 2NO 3 - + 8H + + Cu Cu 2+ + 2NO + 4H 2 O 2NO + O 2 2NO 2 ' 2 S − H + 4 CuSO 3 2 ( )Pb NO ↑ 2P54k\5 ↓ 963 l ↓ 963 l 2H + + S 2- H 2 S Cu 2+ + S 2- CuS Pb 2+ + S 2- PbS ) 2 3 CO − H + 2 Ba + <^%S2m## B&C ' ↓ 4` l CO 2 + Ca(OH) 2 CaCO 3 + H 2 O CO 3 2- + Ba 2+ BaCO 3 CO 2 H + " 2 4 SO − 2 Ba + ↓ 4`63 l Ba 2+ + SO 4 2- BaSO 4 = Cl − 3 AgNO 3 2 ( )Pb NO ↓ 4` → 9 ↓ 4`/n J Ag + + Cl - AgCl Ag as Pb 2+ + 2Cl - PbCl 2 > Br − 3 AgNO ↓ .So → 9 Ag + + Br - AgBr Ag as A I − 3 AgNO 2 HgCl ↓ .S → 9 ↓ p Ag + + I - AgI Ag as Hg 2+ + 2I - HgI 2 E 3 4 PO − 3 AgNO ↓ .S 3Ag + + PO 4 3- Ag 3 PO 4 G 2 3 SiO − $M5 ↓ 694`q 2H + + SiO 3 2- H 2 SiO 3 H 2 3 SO − H + 2 Ba + <^2P5`(%S2 m##B&C ' - ↓ 4` l SO 3 2- + 2H + SO 2 + H 2 O SO 2 + Ca(OH) 2 CaSO 3 + H 2 O SO 3 2- + Ba 2+ BaSO 3 BaSO 3 + H + Ba 2+ + SO 2 + H 2 O Na + K + 2 Ca + Q XR632S → .S XR2S^2 XR2Sp2 ' 2 Ca + ( 2 2 ,Mg Ba + + 2 3 Na CO ↓ 4` l CO 2 + Ca 2+ CaCO 3 CO 2 H + ) 2 Mg + OH − ↓ 694`63 OH − #/ Mg 2+ + 2OH - Mg(OH) 2 " 3 2 ,Al Zn + + 2 Be + OH − ↓ 694`( OH − #/ Al 3+ + 3OH - Al(OH) 3 AlO 2 - OH - = 2 Fe + OH − ↓ 4`M → p466 Fe 2+ + 2OH - Fe(OH) 2 4Fe(OH) 2 + O 2 + H 2 O 4Fe(OH) 3 > 3 Fe + OH − ↓ p Fe 3+ + 2OH - Fe(OH) 3 A 2 Cu + OH − ↓ MU2 Cu 2+ + 2OH - Cu(OH) 2 E 4 NH + OH − ↑ 2P565 NH 4 + + OH - NH 3 + H 2 O fg<r <^ QR 5W/i Ijk 2 SO ##4 ' ##<7& " 7[2Sp 7[2S^2 SO 2 + Br 2 + H 2 O H 2 SO 4 + 2HBr 5SO 2 + 2KMnO 4 + H 2 O MnSO 4 + 2H 2 SO 4 + 2HBr ' 2 H S 2 2 ,Pb Cu + + ##4 ' ##<7& " ↓ 9 7[2Sp 7[2S^2 H 2 S + Pb 2+ PbS + 2H + H 2 S + Br 2 2HBr + S = ' *l'<7& " l) ' *& " → =* l'7*& " l< ' *& " lE ' & ) 3 SO ##B&C ' ↓ 4`6 4M5 SO 3 + Ba(OH) 2 BaSO 4 + H 2 O " 2 CO ## B&C ' #/ ↓ 4`m CO 2 + Ca(OH) 2 CaCO 3 + H 2 O = 3 NH s]^2t2 $M5% U2u JM <J54` NH 3 + HCl NH 4 Cl > % s]^2t2 3 NH 2 ,Ag Pb + + Jp <J54` ↓ 4` NH 3 + HCl NH 4 Cl HCl + Ag + AgCl + H + 2HCl + Pb 2+ PbCl 2 + 2H + A & ##I#% ' &( ↓ I#pv2 w`9 → p(6^ ,4%S2m## B&C ' PdCl 2 + CO + H 2 O Pd + CO 2 + 2HCl CuO + CO Cu + CO 2 E 2 Cl ##<(N 5,O ##<4 XS2MN5 ,O ##4 ' 2S p Cl 2 + 2KI 2KCl + I 2 Cl 2 + 2KBr 2KCl + Br 2 G 2 H &( w`9 → p CuO + H 2 Cu + H 2 O H & <36^ <32S → 2NO + O 2 2NO 2 2 O 7v Jp PK w`pS9 l& ' & ' l& ' & ' 3 O ##<lN 5,O VN5,O O 3 + 2KI + H 2 O O 2 + 2KOH + I 2 ) 2 NO s]^2t2 Jp 4NO 2 + O 2 + 2H 2 O 4HNO 3 " 2 N [x%o5 . 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