UNIT 5: HIGHER EDUCATION VOCABULARY: Application form(n): applicant(n): Blame sb for: daunt (v): Mate (n) maximum(n) Require (v) scary(v): Undergraduate course: graduate from: Be amazing/amazed : academically(adv) CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE I Example: If this hat costs much, I will buy another one. Form: If clause Main clause If + S + V 1/ -es + O, S + will/ shall/ can/ may + (not) + V 1 (1) If + S + V 1/ -es + O, S + (aux + not) + V 1 (2) If + S + V 1/ -es + O, (Don’t ) V 1 (3) Uses: - To express real/ possible actions at present. (1): Possible action at present/future: If + S + V 1/ -es + O, S + will/ shall/ can/ may + (not) + V 1 (1) Ex: If it rains, we will stay at home. (2): Possible action: If + S + V 1/ -es + O, S + (aux + not) + V 1 (2) Can: Permission. Ex: If you have flu, you can stay at home to rest. May: Uncertainty. Ex: If we start our work now, we may finish it before noon. Must: Necessity. Ex: If you want to get that position, you must have a university degree. Should: Advice. Ex: If you want to lose weight, you should do exercise easily. (3): A truth/ A command or invitation: If + S + V 1/ -es + O, (Don’t ) V 1 (3) Ex: If we don’t water these flowers, they die. (A truth) If you see Peter at the meeting, please tell him to return my book ( a command) If you are free now, have a cup of coffee with me. ( an invitation) Note: If – clause can be reduced by using inversion: Ex: If somebody asks me, please tell them I will be back in an hour. →Should anyone asks me, please tell them I will be back in an hour. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE II Example: If this hat costs much, I will buy another one. Form: If clause Main clause If + S + V 2/ -ed + O, S + would/should/could/might + (not) + V 1 Ex: If she came early, she would meet many people. Uses: - To express unreal/ impossible actions at present. Note: * Tobe “were” is used for all persons in If – clause. Ex: If I were a bird, I would be a dove. * If – clause, sometimes, is written in inversion. Ex: If I were you, I would never be in such trouble. → Were I you, I would never be in such trouble. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE III Example: If this hat costs much, I will buy another one. Form: If clause Main clause If + S + + had + V 3/ -ed + O, S + would/should/could/might + (not) +have + V 3 Ex: If she had come early, she would have met many people. Uses: - To express past unreal/ impossible actions. Note: * If – clause, sometimes, can be reduced by using inversion. Ex: If I had known before, I would never have been in this place again. → Had I known before, I would never have been in this place again. EXERCISES: Class:12 I.Pick out the word whose underlined is pronounced different from that of the other words: 1. a.plant b. danger c. animal d. dam 2. a. species b.causes c.industries d.agencies 3. a. thousand b. around c. sound d. young II. Pick out the word that has the stress differently from that of the other words: 4. a. species b. danger c. drainage d. reduce 5. a. primary b. diversity c. seriously d.benefit III. Vocabulary and structures: 6. He was the only………………that was offered the job. a. apply b. application c. applicant d. applying 7. The making of good habits…………….a determination to keep on training your child. a. require b. requires c. . requirement d. . required 8. At first year, college was a little daunting.I graduated……………a small school. a. off b. from c. on d. with 9. Humans depend……species diversity to have food, clean air and water, and fertile soil agriculture. a.for b.in c. before d. on 10. At first year at college was probably the best and most………year of my life. a. challenge b. challenged c. challenging d. challenged 11. The people……… the party were busy playing some game, and no one seemed to notice my existence a.at b. for c.on d. with 12. The new library was built in the centre of the………………… a. city b. country c. campus d. village 13. That’s the………………storyI’v ever heard. a. scary b. scariest c. scaried d. scarying 14. If I ……….a lot of money now, I ………… a new car. a. have /will buy b. have / would buy c. had/ will buy d. had/ would buy. 15.If I ……………you, I …………….do that. a. am/ will b. were /would c. were/ will d. had been/ would. 16.If I were offered the job, I think I ………. it. a. take b. will take c. would take d. would have taken. 17.If I go shopping, I ………some food. a. buy b. will buy c. would buy d. would have bought. 18.If I find it, I ………you. a. will tell b. would tell c. had told d. told. 19.If I …………., I would have said hello. a. had seen b. see c. saw d. would see. 20.I………… out if I hadn’t been so tired. a. will go b. went c. would have gone d. would go. 21.If I ……… a camera, I would have taken some pictures. a. have b. had c. would have d. had had. Choose the correct sentence which has the same meaning as the given one. 21. Hung didn’t call Lan because it was too late. A. Hung will call Lan, if it is early. B. If it were not late, Hung would call Lan. C. Hung didn’t plan to call Lan, but he changed his mind at the last minute. D. If it hadn’t been so late, Hung would have called Lan. 22. When / I / be / school / I / not / wear / uniform. a. When I was at school, I had not to wear a uniform. b. When I was at school, I mustn’t wear a uniform. c. When I was at school, I didn’t have to wear a uniform. d. When I was at school, I didn’t have to wear an uniform. 23. We/ go/ zoo/ if/ it/ be/ nice/ Sunday. A- We go to the zoo if it is nice on Sunday. B- We will go to zoo if it is nice on Sunday. C- We will go to the zoo if it is nice on Sunday. D- We will go to the zoo if it is nice Sunday. 24. . He said "If I had enough money, I could buy that dictionary." A- He said if he had enough money, he could buy that dictionary B- He said if he had had enough money, he could buy that dictionary. C- He said if he had enough money, he could have bought that dictionary. D- He said if he had had enough money, he could have bought that dictionary. 25.He didn’t hurried, so he missed the plane A. If he had hurried, he might catch the plane B. If he hurried, he wouldn’t miss the plane C. If he had hurried, he could have caught the plane D. He didn’t miss the plane because his hurried. Mark the letter A,B,C or D to show the underlined part that needs correction. 26. what would you do if you win the lottery? a. what b.do c. win d. lottery 27. If you had been here yesterday, you would have see Jane. a. had been b. if c. would d. see 28. Either you or your friend are on charge today a.either b. or c.are d. charge 29.I’d like buying a new dictionary but I don’t have enough money. a.buying b.new dictionary c.I don’t d.enough money. 30.We had better to review this chapter carefully. a.had better b.to review c.chapter d.carefully . Read the text caefully, and then choose the correct answers. To do well at school, college or university you usually need to do well in exams. All the students hate exams may be a generalization, but it is fairly true one. Certainly, all of the students I’ve known disliked doing exams. None of them thought that the exam system was fair; to do well in an exam you simply had to be able to predict the questions which would be asked. This was the case as regards two students in my class at college. Both of them were exceptionally bright, but in the final year exam neither of them got an A grade. In fact, they both got Cs. The exam had tested us on questions which had come up the previous year. They had both assumed that the same questions wouldn’t come up again, and hadn’t prepared for them. 31. Students need todo well in exams………………… A. in order to do well at school. B.Because they need to do well at school . C. So that to do well at school D.Therefore they have to do well at school 32. The statement All the students hate exams is…………………………. A. extremely true B. completely true C. quite true C. very true. 33. Which of the following sentences is Not true ? A. All of the students the writter have known thought that the exam systerm was unfair. B. To do well in an exam you simply had the ability to predict the questions which would be asked. C. None of the students the writter have known disliked doing exams. D. All the students hate exams’ is fairy true generalization 34. Why did the two students in the writers class get C garades in the final exam? A. Because the exam was really difficult. B. Because they didn’t prepare for the questions that had come up the previous year. C. Because they were dull students. D. Because the questions weren’t in their lessons. 35. The writers main purpose of writing the passage is to……………………………… . A. describe the importantance of exams. B. discuss how exams effect on the students. C. expalin the equality in examinations. D. criticize the exam system. Public transport .(36) . London is expensive. The fare depends on the length of the .(37) ; you can not buy books or tickets in advance. Children under sixteen pay half, .(38) children under five travel free. But .(39) . some buses you pay the drivers. Most London .(40) are double-deckers. On the underground railway (or tube) you . (41) . your ticket from a machine or at the .(42) . of the journey. Not all trains from one platform go to the same place, so watch the signs. The latest train leaves at about 00.15. 36. A. at B. in C. from D. to 37. A. journey B. visit C. picnic D. street 38. A. such B. or C. so D. and 39. A. on B. in C. at D. for 40. A. buses B. trains C. planes D. cars 41. A. have B. buy C. see D. take 42. A. last B. finish C. end D. after . species b. danger c. drainage d. reduce 5. a. primary b. diversity c. seriously d.benefit III. Vocabulary and structures: 6. He was the only………………that was offered. food, clean air and water, and fertile soil agriculture. a.for b.in c. before d. on 10. At first year at college was probably the best and most………year