Ebook Crew procedures training supplement: Part 1 present content responsibility & authority of the pilot in command; crew procedures overview; crew resource management; fuel management; preflight actions; departure procedures; standard operating procedures...
Crew Procedures Training Supplement ATPFlightSchool.com Revised 2020-06-09 IMPORTANT NOTICE This supplement does not cover every situation, and it does not cover basic knowledge, procedures, and techniques that have been covered during the instructional portion of your program The information in this supplement is highly condensed and serves as a good quick reference, but it must not be used as a substitute for the FAA-approved Pilot's Operating Handbook or publications required for safe operation of the airplane Thank you for giving ATP an opportunity to serve you Copyright © 2020 Airline Transport Professionals The content of this manual is furnished for informational use only, and is subject to change without notice Airline Transport Professionals assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this manual This manual does not replace the Pilot Operating Handbook No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Airline Transport Professionals To view recent changes to this supplement, visit: atpflightschool.com/changes/supp-crew Revised 2020-06-09 Contents §91.3 Responsibility & Authority of the Pilot in Command Crew Procedures Overview Standardization & Crewmember Roles .2 Left Seat – Pilot Flying (PF) – PIC Right Seat – Pilot Monitoring (PM) .3 Alternating Crew Duties .4 ATP Flight Operations Hours & Availability .4 Flight Safety & Support Team .4 Required Items for Overnights Crew Resource Management Crew Communication Situational Awareness Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) Careless or Reckless Behavior Weather 11 Weather Minimums 11 Hazardous Weather 12 Obtaining Weather Updates Enroute 14 Fuel Management 16 Minimum Fuel 16 Fuel Policies & Management 16 Fuel Selectors 16 Maximum Flight Duration 17 Scheduling Procedures 19 Assignment & Availability 19 Flight Scheduling .19 Change Happens – Be Flexible 19 Currency 20 Schedule Notifications via SMS 20 Viewing Your Schedule 20 Preflight Actions .21 Weight & Balance – Performance .21 Runway Minimums .21 Intersection Takeoffs 22 Minimum Aircraft Oil Levels 22 IFR Route Planning 22 Use of ATP Airport Pages 23 Current Navigational Charts 24 iPad Charge .25 Departure Procedures 26 Show Time – Hour Minimum Prior to Departure 26 Flight Operations Notification 26 Delays, Changes, or Amendments 27 Use of Flight Tracker Log 27 Avoiding Delays 27 Checklist Procedures 28 Checklist Methods 28 “As Required” 31 Emergency Checklists 31 Checklist Interruptions .32 Omission of Checklists .32 Standard Operating Procedures 33 Sterile Cockpit Procedures 33 Pre-Takeoff Brief .33 Altitude Awareness 37 Heading & Course Awareness 38 Deviation Callouts 38 VFR Sectional Requirement 39 Descent Planning 39 Instrument Approach Recommended 40 Stabilized Approaches 40 Go-Around Philosophy 41 Canceling IFR .41 Restrictions / Limitations 67 Night Flying .67 Full Stop Landings 67 Maneuvers & Practice Approaches Prohibited 67 Use of Tobacco Products 67 Alcohol or Drugs .67 Use of Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs) 68 Approved Aircraft Occupants 68 IFR Flight Plan 68 LAHSO Clearances 68 Dress Code 68 Abnormal Procedures 69 Use of Alternate Airports / Diversion 69 Pilot Deviations 70 Intercept Procedures 70 Emergency Procedures 71 Engine Failures in Single-Engine Aircraft 71 Vacuum Failures 72 Arrival Procedures 74 Securing Aircraft .74 Contact ATP Flight Operations Upon Landing 74 Maintenance Procedures 75 Aircraft Status 75 Getting Aircraft Status .75 Maintenance Items Discovered During Preflight 76 Maintenance Items Discovered In Flight 77 Approved Maintenance Providers 77 Logging Crew Cross-Country Flights 78 Logging of Crew Cross-Country & Safety Pilot Time 78 Example Logbook Entries 79 Reimbursement of Travel Expenses 80 Lodging 80 Ground Transportation 80 Original Vendor Receipts Required 80 Non-Reimbursed Student Expenses 80 Reimbursement Methods 81 Preparing for Commercial & CFI 82 Preparation for Commercial & CFI Academy 82 Scheduling CFI Course Date and Location 82 Policies & Procedures Adherence 84 SECTION §91.3 Responsibility & Authority of the Pilot in Command While the following standard operating procedures expose Airline Career Pilot Program students to airline-style crew procedures and standardization, there are some very important differences that pilots must understand between airline operations and ATP crew cross-country flights ATP crew cross-countries are Part 91 flight operations According to FAR §91.3, the PIC (occupying the left seat of the aircraft and who is listed on the flight plan as PIC), “is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft” While ATP Flight Operations may be able to provide information and support in some instances, they have no legal joint responsibility, authority, or operational control over any flight whatsoever ATP Flight Operations' primary function is to facilitate scheduling and aircraft availability for an efficient crew cross-country experience ATP Flight Operations personnel cannot assist with PIC decision-making They cannot determine the airworthiness status of an aircraft They cannot direct or influence a PIC’s decision to initiate, continue, cancel, or terminate any flight According to FAR §91.3, no one but the PIC is responsible for the operation of any flight According to FAR §91.3, the PIC is responsible for all operational decisions pertaining to a flight This includes: • • • • The go / no-go decision based on preflight planning Airworthiness determination Any decisions to divert, cancel, or terminate a flight All other safety or operational decision-making Under FAR §91.3, the PIC is solely responsible for the safety and outcome of the flight §91.3 Responsibility & Authority • SECTION Crew Procedures Overview Crew cross-country flights allow pilots in the Airline Career Pilot Program to build valuable nationwide cross-country experience at multiple airports in a highly-structured, airline-style crew operating environment with flight monitoring provided by ATP Flight Operations Cross-country flights during this stage of training are operated with a two-pilot crew, where each pilot fulfills very specific roles Standardization & Crewmember Roles Operating as a crew requires careful coordination and standardization This enhances safety and efficiency by logically distributing cockpit workload and clearly identifying crewmember roles and responsibilities through the use of standard operating procedures (SOPs) Adhering to standard operating procedures promotes confidence and precision within the flight crew, and discourages unsafe practices and carelessness It also enables a good working relationship between pilots and supports good judgment and professionalism Left Seat – Pilot Flying (PF) – PIC During crew cross-country flights, all flying will be conducted from the left seat The left seat pilot is referred to as the Pilot Flying (PF), and will be listed on the IFR flight plan as the pilot in command (PIC) Responsibility & Authority of the PIC As the PIC, the left seat pilot is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of the aircraft (FAR §91.3(a)) The pilot flying will log PIC time as the sole manipulator of the flight controls (FAR §61.51(e)(1)(i)) • Crew Procedures Overview Use of View Limiting Device (VLD) The PF will wear a view limiting device (VLD) from 1,000’ AGL after takeoff until 1,000’ AGL before landing, except: • • • During an emergency When ATC issues a traffic advisory Both pilots must identify the traffic and ensure it poses no collision hazard before the PF resumes use of the VLD When safety or workload dictates the VLD shall be removed See & Avoid FAR §91.113(b) requires all pilots to “see and avoid” other aircraft, whether operating under visual or instrument flight rules ATC provides separation services between IFR traffic in controlled airspace, but they are not responsible for separating IFR and VFR traffic outside of Class B and C airspace, so always watch for traffic and not assume ATC is providing separation services The PF shall immediately remove the view limiting device whenever ATC issues a traffic advisory or alert, so that both pilots can work together to see and avoid the conflicting traffic Right Seat – Pilot Monitoring (PM) During crew cross-countries, the right seat pilot is referred to as the Pilot Monitoring (PM) The PM is responsible for: • • • • • • Radio communications Programming the GPS and setting navigation frequencies Monitoring the flight path and ensuring compliance with clearances Announcing any flight path deviations using standard callouts Performing safety pilot duties required by FAR §91.109(c), including scanning for and avoiding traffic, terrain, and obstacles Acting as PIC while the PF is using the view limiting device The PM is a required crewmember under 14 CFR 91.109(c)(1) while the PF is under the hood The PM acts as, and logs, PIC while the PF is using the view limiting device under 14 CFR 61.51(e)(1)(iii) While the PM is responsible for setting the GPS and NAVs, the PF must verify all GPS, route, and frequency entries before they are executed Both pilots must understand and agree on all changes Both pilots will perform their responsibilities using standard operating procedures and callouts outlined in the Standard Operating Procedures section of this supplement Crew Procedures Overview • Right Seat Flying Prohibited Flying from the right seat is prohibited during crew cross-countries Piloting an aircraft from the right seat requires changes to muscle memory and sight picture that must be developed through training with an instructor Instruments appear different when viewed from an angle, making instrument flight more challenging, and since the instruments are designed to be viewed from the left seat, some cannot be viewed by the right seat pilot For example, the turn coordinator may not be visible from the right seat, preventing detection of an attitude indicator failure Additionally, the sight picture during landing is different, which can lead to unstable approaches and unsafe landings Without the appropriate instruction and experience, flying from the right seat leads to unnecessary risk Cross-country crews are expected to adhere to this policy, and failure to comply may result in termination of crew cross-countries or the Airline Career Pilot Program Alternating Crew Duties Crews will alternate PF and PM responsibilities, so that each pilot builds experience in both roles ATP Flight Operations may assign PF and PM roles for a flight segment to meet time objectives Both pilots must agree with the crew assignment at the time of departure and confirm each pilot is fit to fulfill their respective PF and PM roles ATP Flight Operations Hours & Availability Cross-country crews will coordinate all crew cross-country activity through ATP Flight Operations Operating hours of the ATP Flight Operations office are seven (7) days a week from 8:00 AM until at least 7:00 PM (Eastern Time) Flight Operations personnel will remain available until the last crew of the day checks in ATP Flight Operations: (904) 595-7980 After hours, contact on-call personnel for emergencies or items requiring immediate attention Non-urgent written correspondence can be directed to flightops@allatps.com Questions about crew procedures training or other training related questions can be directed to training@allatps.com Flight Safety & Support Team ATP supports a culture that reinforces safety All instructors, and students, are personally responsible for operating safely, in compliance with regulations and company procedures We must always be on the lookout for hazards and risks • Crew Procedures Overview that could impact safety You are responsible for stopping the operation when your knowledge, experience, and practical judgement identify a safety concern Remember, the PIC has final operational authority for each flight The Flight Safety & Support Desk is for ATP instructors and students to use for inquiring about training, aircraft operational procedures, and for reporting conditions or events that may impact safety Contact the Flight Safety & Support Desk to ensure your questions and concerns can be addressed The Flight Safety & Support Team will provide information and feedback The Flight Safety & Support Team may be contacted via email at safety@allatps.com or by phone at: 904-595-7994 You should report concerns or issues related to, but not limited to the following: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Questions on Aircraft Operations or Standardized Procedures Aircraft Damage Airport/Ground Operations Event / Ramp Safety ATC / Communication Declared Emergency Non-Standard ATP Procedures Required by Flight Examiners Near Miss Requiring Evasive Action Runway Incursion / Excursion Navigation or GPS Error Procedural Error / Operational or Standardization Deviations Preflight Procedures Pilot Monitored (Crew-Style) Cross-Country Departures Procedures Enroute Flight Arrival / Approach Night Operation Nav/MEA/MOCA Local and Flight Practice Area Equipment Operation Non-Standard GPS Configuration and Setup for Phase of Flight Maintenance Event Resulting in An Operational or Safety Issue (This Does Not Replace the Requirement to Report Maintenance Discrepancies in the Aircraft Maintenance Reporting System.) The Flight Safety & Support Team will consider all input received and follow-up with you for additional detail if necessary Crew Procedures Overview • Thank you for your participation and contribution to this component of our Safety Management System Your commitment to this component will not only ensure a safer operation today, but also a safer operation for future students and instructors Required Items for Overnights For cross-country flights, students are required to bring all necessary items (i.e toiletries, clothes, iPad chargers, etc.) to remain overnight for a minimum of three nights away from their primary training center; however, weather and maintenance delays may extend trips beyond three nights • Crew Procedures Overview Piper Seminole Pilot Flying (PF) Pilot Monitoring (PM) ILS Approach Deviations Localizer ±1 Dot Call Call “[Right/Left] of course.” “Correcting.” Glideslope ±1 Dot Call Call “[Above/Below] glideslope.” “Correcting.” +10/-5 KIAS of Blueline (Target) Call Call “Airspeed.” “Correcting.” Non-Precision Approach Deviations Course ±1 Dot Call Call “[Right/Left] of course.” “Correcting.” Sinkrate More Than 800 FPM Call Call “Sinkrate.” “Correcting.” +10/-5 KIAS of Blueline (Target) Call Call “Airspeed.” “Correcting.” +50'/-0' while Maintaining MDA Call Call “Correcting.” 52 • Standard Operating Procedures “Altitude.” Pilot Monitoring (PM) Go-Around/Missed Approach When Executing a Go-Around/Missed Approach Call “Going missed.” Action Perform Go-Around/Missed Approach flow Action Backup Go-Around/Missed Approach procedure using Go-Around/Missed Approach Checklist At Positive Rate of Climb Call “Gear up.” Action Select gear up Call “Positive rate.” Call “Fly heading [x], climb to [x].” Climbing Through 1,000' AGL or Time Permitting Call “After Takeoff Checklist.” (CR) Action Perform After Takeoff Flow Action Verify checklist item Call "[Response.]" Call "[Challenge] [Response]." Call “After Takeoff Checklist complete.” Standard Operating Procedures • 53 Piper Seminole Pilot Flying (PF) Piper Seminole Pilot Flying (PF) Pilot Monitoring (PM) After Landing After Clearing the Runway Action Stop beyond runway hold short line (Dash past dashed lines.) Perform After Landing Checklist flow Call “After Landing Checklist.” (CR) Action Verify checklist item Call "[Response]." Action Monitor taxi clearance Call "[Challenge] [Response]." Call “Checklist complete.” Action Obtain taxi clearance Refer to airport diagram while reviewing taxi clearance with PM Review clearance with PF After Parking the Aircraft Call “Shutdown Terminate Checklist.” (DL) Action Perform checklist item Call “[Response].” 54 • Standard Operating Procedures Call “[Item] [Response].” Call “Shutdown Terminate Checklist complete.” Pilot Monitoring (PM) Pre-Departure Operations Before Starting Engine Call “Before Starting Engine Checklist.” (DL) Action Perform checklist item Call “[Response].” Call “[Item] [Response].” Call “Before Starting Engine Checklist complete.” Engine Start Call “Engine Start Checklist.” (DL) Action Perform checklist item Call “[Response].” Call “[Item] [Response].” Call “Engine Start Checklist complete.” After Start Call “After Start Checklist.” (DL) Action Perform checklist item Call “[Response].” Call “[Item] [Response].” Call “After Start Checklist complete.” Prior to Taxi Call “Call for IFR clearance.” Action Monitor and write down IFR clearance Action Crosscheck against flight plan Load GPS flight plan and departure procedure Verify GPS flight plan and departure procedure properly loaded Call “Call for taxi clearance.” Action Monitor taxi clearance Set GPS CDI button as required for departure Obtain and write down taxi clearance Refer to airport diagram while reviewing taxi clearance with PM Call Obtain and write down IFR clearance Review clearance with PF “Taxi Checklist.” (DL) Action Verify taxi area clear Call “Clear right.” Standard Operating Procedures • 55 Single-Engine Pilot Flying (PF) Single-Engine Pilot Flying (PF) Pilot Monitoring (PM) Pre-Departure Operations (Continued) Action Verify taxi area clear Call “Clear left.” Action Begin taxiing Action Perform checklist item Call “[Response].” Call “[Item] [Response].” Call “Taxi Checklist complete.” Run Up Call “Run Up Checklist.” (DL) Action Perform checklist item Call “[Response].” Call “[Item] [Response].” Call “Run Up Checklist complete.” In Run Up Area Call “Before Takeoff Checklist.” (DL) Action Perform checklist item Call “[Response].” Action Verify taxi area clear Call “Clear left.” Action Begin taxiing to runway hold short line Call “[Item] [Response].” Call “Down to final items.” Action Verify taxi area clear Call “Clear right.” When Number One for Takeoff Call “Final items.” (DL) Call Action Perform checklist item Call “[Response].” 56 • Standard Operating Procedures “[Item] [Response].” Pilot Monitoring (PM) Pre-Departure Operations (Continued) Call “Before Takeoff Checklist complete.” At Indication of Airspeed Call “Airspeed alive.” At Rotation Speed Call “Rotate.” At Positive Rate of Climb Call “Positive rate.” Standard Operating Procedures • 57 Single-Engine Pilot Flying (PF) Single-Engine Pilot Flying (PF) Pilot Monitoring (PM) Departure & Enroute Climbing Through 1,000' AGL Call “After Takeoff Checklist.” (CR) Action Perform After Takeoff Checklist flow Action Verify checklist item Call “[Response.]” Call Call “[Challenge] [Response].” Call “After Takeoff Checklist complete.” Call “Check.” “You‘re safety pilot.” Action Begin using view limiting device Action Back up call CDI Indication Call “Course alive.” Receiving an Altitude Assignment Call Action Write down altitude assignment Call “Confirm [x] thousand.” “[x] thousand.” 1,000' Prior to Reaching Assigned Altitude Action Back up call Call “[x] thousand for [x] thousand” Call Action Back up call Call “100 to go.” “[x] thousand for [x] thousand.” 100' Prior to Reaching Assigned Altitude Call “100 to go.” Reaching Cruise Altitude Call “Cruise Checklist.” (CR) Action Perform Cruise Checklist flow Action Verify checklist item Call “[Response.]” 58 • Standard Operating Procedures Call “[Challenge] [Response].” Call “Cruise Checklist complete.” Pilot Monitoring (PM) Departure & Enroute (Continued) Every 30 Minutes During Cruise (Piper Archer) Call Action Check fuel gauges Select fullest tank Call "[Left/Right] tank." "Fuel selector to proper tank." Standard Operating Procedures • 59 Single-Engine Pilot Flying (PF) Single-Engine Pilot Flying (PF) Pilot Monitoring (PM) Descent & Arrival Prior to Descending Call “In-Range/Descent Checklist.” (DL) Action Perform checklist item Call “[Response].” Call “[Item] [Response].” Call “In-Range/Descent Checklist complete.” Approximately 15 NM from Airport Call “Approach Checklist.” (CR) Action Perform Approach Checklist flow Action Verify checklist item Call “[Response].” 60 • Standard Operating Procedures Call “[Challenge] [Response].” Call “Approach Checklist complete.” Pilot Monitoring (PM) ILS Approach CDI Indication Action Back up call Call Action Back up call Call “Before Landing Checklist.” (CR) Action Perform Before Landing Checklist flow “Course alive.” Glideslope Indication Call “Glideslope alive.” ½ Dot Below Glideslope Intercept Action Verify checklist item Call “[Response].” Call “[Challenge] [Response].” Call “Before Landing Checklist complete.” At 1,000' AGL Call Action “One thousand AGL.” Remove view limiting device When Runway in Sight Call Action Confirm runway in sight Call “Runway in sight.” “Runway in sight.” 100' Above Minimums Action Back up call Call “100 to go.” At Minimums Action Back up call Call “Runway in sight.” [or] “Going missed.” Call “Minimums.” Standard Operating Procedures • 61 Single-Engine Pilot Flying (PF) Single-Engine Pilot Flying (PF) Pilot Monitoring (PM) Non-Precision Approach CDI Indication Action Back up call Call Call “Before Landing Checklist.” (CR) Action Perform Before Landing Checklist flow “Course alive.” At or within NM of FAF Action Verify checklist item Call “[Response].” Call “[Challenge] [Response].” Call “Before Landing Checklist complete.” Call “Final Approach Fix.” At FAF At 1,000' AGL Call Action “One thousand AGL.” Remove view limiting device When Runway in Sight Call Action Confirm runway in sight Call “Runway in sight.” Action Back up call “Runway in sight.” 100' Above MDA Call “100 to go.” At MDA Action Back up call Call “Minimums.” At VDP Action Back up call Call “Runway in sight.” [or] “Going missed.” Call “VDP.” At MAP Action Back up call Call “Going missed.” 62 • Standard Operating Procedures Call “Missed approach point.” Pilot Monitoring (PM) Visual Approach When Runway in Sight Call Action “Runway in sight.” Remove view limiting device Confirm runway in sight Call “Runway in sight.” When Ready to Descend from Pattern Altitude or Abeam Approach End of Runway Call “Before Landing Checklist.” (CR) Action Perform Before Landing Checklist flow Action Verify checklist item Call “[Response].” Call “[Challenge] [Response].” Call “Before Landing Checklist complete.” Standard Operating Procedures • 63 Single-Engine Pilot Flying (PF) Single-Engine Pilot Flying (PF) Pilot Monitoring (PM) ILS Approach Deviations Localizer ±1 Dot Call Call “[Right/Left] of course.” “Correcting.” Glideslope ±1 Dot Call Call “[Above/Below] glideslope.” “Correcting.” +10/-5 KIAS of 80 Knots (Target) Call Call “Airspeed.” “Correcting.” Non-Precision Approach Deviations Course ±1 Dot Call Call “[Right/Left] of course.” “Correcting.” Sinkrate More Than 500 FPM Call Call “Sinkrate.” “Correcting.” +10/-5 KIAS of 80 Knots (Target) Call Call “Airspeed.” “Correcting.” +50'/-0' while Maintaining MDA Call Call “Correcting.” 64 • Standard Operating Procedures “Altitude.” Pilot Monitoring (PM) Go-Around/Missed Approach When Executing a Go-Around/Missed Approach Call “Going missed.” Action Perform Go-Around/Missed Approach flow Action Backup Go-Around/Missed Approach procedure using Go-Around/Missed Approach Checklist At Positive Rate of Climb Call “Positive rate.” Call “Fly heading [x], climb to [x].” Climbing Through 1,000' AGL or Time Permitting Call “After Takeoff Checklist.” (CR) Action Perform After Takeoff Flow Action Verify checklist item Call "[Response.]" Call "[Challenge] [Response]." Call “After Takeoff Checklist complete.” Standard Operating Procedures • 65 Single-Engine Pilot Flying (PF) Single-Engine Pilot Flying (PF) Pilot Monitoring (PM) After Landing After Clearing the Runway Action Stop beyond runway hold short line (Dash past dashed lines.) Perform After Landing Checklist flow Call “After Landing Checklist.” (CR) Action Verify checklist item Call "[Response]." Action Monitor taxi clearance Call "[Challenge] [Response]." Call “After Landing Checklist complete.” Action Obtain taxi clearance Refer to airport diagram while reviewing taxi clearance with PM Review clearance with PF After Parking the Aircraft Call “Shutdown Terminate Checklist.” (DL) Action Perform checklist item Call “[Response].” 66 • Standard Operating Procedures Call “[Item] [Response].” Call “Shutdown Terminate Checklist complete.” ... 11 Weather Minimums 11 Hazardous Weather 12 Obtaining Weather Updates Enroute 14 Fuel Management 16 Minimum Fuel 16 Fuel Policies & Management 16 Fuel Selectors 16 ... this supplement, visit: atpflightschool.com/changes/supp -crew Revised 2020-06-09 Contents § 91. 3 Responsibility & Authority of the Pilot in Command Crew Procedures Overview Standardization & Crewmember... identifying crewmember roles and responsibilities through the use of standard operating procedures (SOPs) Adhering to standard operating procedures promotes confidence and precision within the flight crew,