Seldom, rarely, scarcely Ex: Rarely has Big Ben gone wrong I remember very few thing about my early childhood → scarcely do I remember things about my early childhood 4.. So/Such + adj/
Trang 1Đ nh n m nh ý nào trong câu mà mình mu n di n đ t, ta dùng phép đ oể ấ ạ ố ễ ạ ả
ng Thông thữ ường, phép đ o ng đả ữ ược th c hi n b ng cách đ c m tự ệ ằ ư ộ
tr ng t ho c m t c m tr ng ng ra đ u câu, đ ng th i đ o tr d ng tạ ừ ặ ộ ụ ạ ữ ầ ồ ờ ả ợ ộ ừ hay đ ng t khi m khuy t lên trộ ừ ế ế ước ch ng ho c t d ng thêm tr đ ngủ ữ ặ ự ộ ợ ộ
t “DO/ DOES” cho câu thì hi n t i hay “DID” cho câu thì quá kh ừ ở ệ ạ ở ứ
V + S + V + O
C u trúc c a câu nh n m nh b t đ u b ng: Only, Only by, Never, Until, Notấ ủ ấ ạ ắ ầ ằ until, Not only, No sooner, In no circumstances(ch ng trong trẳ ường h pợ nào), in no where else(ch ng có m t n i nào khác), No longer, Only whenẳ ở ộ ơ
E.g: We can never live without air and water
=> Never can we live without air and water (Không bao gi chúng ta có thờ ể
s ng đố ược n u không có không khí và nế ước)
1 Đ o t ả ừ v i câu đi u ki n lo i 1 ớ ề ệ ạ
a) Câu đi u ki n lo i 1 có s d ng “ should” thay hi n t i không xác đ nhề ệ ạ ử ụ ệ ạ ị
ch kh năng xáy ra ít h n tỉ ả ơ ở ương lai Đ o “should” lên đ u câu thay “If”ả ầ Eg: If it should rain tonight, I will stay at home
b) Đi u ki n lo i 1 có s d ng th i hi n t i hoàn thànhề ệ ạ ử ụ ờ ệ ạ
L y “should” thay “If” sao đó đ nguyên th hoàn thành v i “have done” ấ ể ể ớ ở
Eg: If she has finished the work, she can go home
Trang 2a) M nh đ đi u ki n lo i 2 có dùng đ ng t “tobe” s nhi u ệ ề ề ệ ạ ộ ừ ở ố ề
Eg: Iif I were you, i would love him
b) Trong m u câu đi u ki n lo i 2 đ c bi t có dùng “If” đ u câu ( n u ẫ ề ệ ạ ặ ệ ầ ế không ph i vì “were” kh i “not’’sau đó đ o lên đ u câu thay ả ỏ ả ầ
“if”)
Eg: If it weren’t for your progress, i wouldn’t be here
c) M u câu đi u ki n lo i 3 đ c bi t ẫ ề ệ ạ ặ ệ
Thay đ ng t ộ ừ ở quá kh c a m nh đ điêu ki n lo i 2ứ ủ ệ ề ệ ạ
==> V i m u câu này đ o “were” lên đ u câu thay “If”ớ ẫ ả ầ
a) Dùng “Had” đ o lên đ u câu thay “If” ả ầ
Eg: If she had worked harder last year, she wouldn’t have failed the exam
==> Had she worked harder last year
b) Câu đi u ki n lo i 3 đ c bi t đi v i đ i t “it” đ u câu ề ệ ạ ặ ệ ớ ạ ừ ầ
If it hadn’t been for + N ==> N u không ph i vì ế ả
==> Tách “had” ra kh i “not” đ o lên đ u câu thay “If”ỏ ả ầ Eg: If it hadn’t been for hot weather,we would have had a wonderful holiday
==> Had it not been for
c) M nh đ đi u ki n lo i 3 đ c bi t có s d ng” were to have done” ệ ể ề ệ ạ ặ ệ ử ụ
Eg; If she had driven carefully, she wouldn’t have cause the accident
Trang 3Đ oả “were” lên đ uầ câu thay “If”
==> Were she to have driven
Đ o ng v i… So….that…./ ……such……… that…… ả ữ ớ
1 So + adj : Trong m u câu tr ng t ẫ ạ ừ ch k t qu ỉ ế ả
eg; She is so rich that she can buy what she likes
==> So rich is she that
2 So + adv that : M nh đ tr ng ng k t qu sau tr ng t ệ ề ạ ữ ế ả ạ ừ
Đ o “ so to+ adv” lên đ u câuả ầ
eg: He worked so hard in the past that he is now weak
==> So hard did he work in the past that
3 Câu có s d ng “such” th ử ụ ườ ng g p các d ng: ặ ạ
a) Trong câu có dùng “ so great, so much” bi n đ i “ so great, so much ế ổ ”
==> “ such” đ o lên đ u câu đ nh n m nhả ầ ể ấ ạ
eg; The question was so great that he had to think it over
==> Such was the question
Đ o “such” lên đ u câu đ nh n m nhả ầ ể ấ ạ
eg: She is so poor that she can’t go school
==>Such is her poverty that
Các c u trúc đ o ng khác: ấ ả ữ
Trang 41 Never
Ex: I never come to work late
→ Never do I come to work late
2 At no time=never
Ex: They never suspected him of being a spy
→ At no time did they suspect him of being a spy
3 Seldom, rarely, scarcely
Ex: Rarely has Big Ben gone wrong
I remember very few thing about my early childhood
→ scarcely do I remember things about my early childhood
4 Only by + Ving, Aux + SV
Ex: You can’t succeed unless you try hard
→ Only by trying hard can you succeed
5 Only with + Noun, Aux + SV
Ex: The bank lent him some money, which enabled him to buy a car
→ Only with the bank’s money could he buy a car
6 Only after + Noun, Aux + SV
Ex: He only realized what his father meant to him after his death
→ Only after his father’s death did he realize what he meant
7 Only when/after SV, Aux + SV
Trang 5Ex: I only recognized who he was when he called hi name
→ Only when he called his name, did I recognize who he was
8 On no account Aux + SV: không vì b t c lí do gì ấ ứ
Ex: You should never come to work late
→ On no account should you come to work late
9 Not until: mãi đ n t n ế ậ
a Not until + Noun, Aux + SV
Ex: Man didn’t fly into pace until the early 1960s
→ Not until the early 1960s did man fly into space
b Not until + SV, Aux + SV
Ex: They continued to feel unsafe until they got home
→ Not until they got home did they feel safe
10 Little Aux + SV
Ex: I don’t know much about astronomy
→ Little do I know about astronomy
11 Hardly Aux + SV: h u nh không ầ ư
Ex: They hardly had arguments
→ Hardly did they have arguments
+ Hardly anyone wears a hat nowadays
Trang 6Hardly anything is worth buying
12 In/Under no circumstances Aux + SV: dù trong b t c hoàn c nh ấ ứ ả nào (không dùng ph đ nh trong m nh đ sau) ủ ị ệ ề
Ex: Under no circumstances must you betray your country
13 Hardly had S done when S did: v a m i………… thì đã ừ ớ
No sooner had S done than S did: ch a k p………….thì đã ư ị
Ex: - He had just gone out when his friend called
→ Hardly had he gone out when when his friend called
- The doorbell rang the moment she lay down
→ No sooner had she lain down than the door bell rang
14 No longer Aux + SV
Ex: They no longer keep in touch with each other
→ No longer do they keep in touch with each other
15 So/Such + adj/adv Aux + SV
Ex: - He became so suspicious that he didn’t let anyone in
→ So suspicious did he become that he didn’t let anyone in
- He was such a fast speaker that it was difficult for us to follow him
→ Such was he a fast speaker that it was difficult for us to follow him/ So fast did he speak that that it was difficult for us to follow him
16 Not only Aux + SV, but S also V
Ex: They robbed him They beat him
Trang 7Not only did they rob him, but they also beat him
17 Nor Aux + SV: cũng thế
Ex: She couldn’t speak Italian nor could she speak Spanish
18 Neither and so
- A:"I am not into hip hop." B: "Neither am I." (Or: "Nor
am I.")
- A: "I am fond of flamenco dancing." B: "So am I."
19 Conditionals with inversions
- Should SV, SV; - Were SC, SV
- Had S done, S would have done
Ex: -Should you meet him in Ha noi, give him my regards - Were I you, I would try again
- Were they to escape, they would be arrested again - Had he kept calm, he would have succeeded
20 Here/ There đ u câu: ở ầ
Ex: There is a letter for you on the desk
Here is your pen
21 Here/ There trong câu c m ả
Ex: There goes the bus!
Here comes George!
22 Inversions after adjectives
Trang 8Ex: Blessed are the children who are still unaware of what the future holds Gone are the days when I could have been happy
23 Under/in/out/above V+S
Ex: The dog lay under the chair → Under the chair lay the dog
24 Inversions with "as".
Ex: Elisabeth was too shy to dance, as was Gerald
She decided to leave early, as did Gerald
EXERCISES:
I Rewrite each sentences so that it contains the word or words in capitals, and so that the meaning stay the same.
1 Were Smith to resign, I might stand a chance of getting his job.IF
………
b Such was the demand for the tickets that people queued day and night
GREAT
………
c The money is not to be paid under no circumstances
NO
………
d Three days passed before we arrived at the first oasis
NOT UNTIL
………
Trang 9e Hardly had the ship left port, than a violent storm developed.
SOON AFTER
………
f They would have discovered land sooner had they carried a compass
IF
………
g Little did Brenda know what she was letting herself in for
IDEA
………
h It was only when I stopped that I realized something was wrong
DID I
………
i The accused never expressed regret for what he had done
AT NO TIME
………
j So exhausted were the runners that none of them finished the race
TOO.
………
II Rewrite each sentences so that it contains the word or words in capitals, and so that the meaning stay the same
1 If Smith were to resign , I might stand a chance of getting his job
2 The demand for tickets was so great that people queued night and day
Trang 103 Under no circumstances is the money to be paid.
4 Not until three days had passed did we arrived at the first oasis/ It was not until three days later that we arrived at the first oasis
1 Soon after the ship left port , a violent storm developed
2 If they had carried a compass they would have discovered the land sooner
3 Brenda had no idea what she was letting herself in for
4 Only when I stopped did I realize that something was wrong
5 At no time did the accused express regret for what he has done
6 The runners were too exhausted to finish the race
EXERCISES
I Choose the most suitable words underlined.
1 Jim promised that he would never/ never would he tell anyone else
2 Not until it was too late I remembered / did I remember I call Susan
3 Hardly had we settle down in our seats than/when the lights went out
4 Only after checking three times I was/was I certain of the answer
5 At no time I was aware/was I aware of anything out of usual
6 Only Mary sang Sally passed/ did they pass the final examination
Trang 117 So the waves were high/ So high were the waves that swimming was dangerous
8 Only when Peter has arrived / has Peter arrived can we begin the program
9 No sooner had it stopped raining than/when the sun came out
10 If should you leave early/ should you leave early could you leave me a lift?
II Rewrite these sentences, using NEVER.
1 She has never been so happy before
………
2 I have never heard such nonsense!
………
3 I have never seen such a mess in my life
………
4 Our profits this year are higher than they have ever been
………
5 She would never again trust her own judgment when buying antiques
………
6 The firm has never before laid on such a sumptuous celebration
………
7 I’ve never come across such a horrifying film
Trang 128 I have never been so moved by a Shakespeare production
………
9 I never for one moment thought the consequences would be so far-reaching
………
10 I had never tasted such a wonderful combination of flavors before
………
III Rewrite these sentences, using RARELY, SELDOM or LITTLE.
1 One rarely find good service these days
………
2 She has rarely traveled more than fifty miles from her village
………
3 It is very unusual for a military campaign to have been fought with so little loss of life
………
4 It is unusual for the interior of the island to be visited by tourists
………
5 Public borrowing has seldom been so high
………
6 They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony
Trang 137 They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success
………
8 The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent
………
9 She didn’t realized what would happen to her next
………
10 I didn’t think that one day I’d be appearing in films rather then just watching them
………
IV Rewrite these sentences, using IN, AT , UNDER, or ON.
1 Keith certainly can’t be held responsible for the accident
………
2 The children themselves are not in any way to blame for the disaster ………
3.The existence of extraterrestrial is not confirmed by the report
………
4 I was never shown how to operate the machinery
………
5 He never suspected that she was a witch
Trang 146 There has never been a time when the English language was not in a state
of change
………
7 Miss Weaver will not be offered the job under any circumstances
………
8 You should not send money to us by post under any circumstances
………
9.We can’t exchange tickets in any circumstances
………
10.I won’t go out that way to visit him again on my account!
………
KEYS
I Choose the most suitable words underlined.
1 he would never 6 passed
2 did I remember 7 so high were the waves
3 when 8 Peter has arrived
4 was I 9 than
5 was I aware 10 should you leave early
II Rewrite these sentences, using NEVER.
Trang 151 Never before had she been so happy.
2 Never have I heard such nonsense!
3 Never in my life have I seen such a mess
4 Never have our profits been higher than/ as higher as they are this year
5 Never again would she trust her own judgment when buying antique
6 Never before had the firm laid on such a sumptuous celebration
7 Never have I come across such a horrifying film
8 Never have I been so moved by a Shakespeare production
9 Never for one moment did I think the consequences would be so far reaching
10 Never before had I tasted such a wonderful combination of flavours
III Rewrite these sentences, using IN, AT, UNDER, or ON
1 In no way can Keith be held responsible for the accident
2 In no way are the children themselves to blame for the disaster
3 In no way is the existence of extraterrestrial life confirmed by the report
4 At no time was I shown how to operate the machine
5 At no time did he suspect that he was a witch
6 At no time has the English language not been in a state of change
Trang 167 Under no circumstance will Miss Weaver be offered the job.
8 Under no circumstance should you send money to us by post
9 Under no circumstance can we exchange tickets
10 On any account will I go all that way to visit him again
IV Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT
1 Not only is he your friend, but he’s mine too
2 Not only did he book tickets for the afternoon performance but he also booked for the evening performance as well
3 Not only did the burglars steal a thousand pounds’ worth of electrical goods, they also left the flat in an awful mess
4 Not only was Tom late, but he had left all his books behind
5 Not only will you enhance your posture but you will (also) improve your acting ability (as well) on this course
6 Not for one moment is it worth considering his suggestion /is his suggestion worth considering
7 Not a tear did she shed when the story ended in tragedy
8 Not once did the manager offer is an apology
9 Not a sound did she make as she crept upstairs
10 Not until he retired did he think about having a holiday abroad