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VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES HOANG THI THUY CURRENT IMPLEMENTATION OF DEMOCRACY IN RURAL AREAS IN THE NORTHERN DELTA OF VIETNAM Major: Dialectical Materialism & Historical Materialism Major Code: 22 90 02 DOCTORAL DISSERTATION SUMMARY HANOI - 2020 This doctoral dissertation is completed at: GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Scientific Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Ho Viet Hanh Reviewer : Prof Dr Tran Van Phong Reviewer : Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Viet Thong Reviewer : Assoc Prof Dr Hoang Dinh Cuc The thesis will be defended in the Commission for Doctoral Thesis Evaluation of the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences in……… 2020 The thesis can be found at: - The National Library of Vietnam - The Library of the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences LIST OF WORKS BY AUTHOR RELATED TO THE THESIS THEMES Improving the quality of economic staff management in Ninh Binh Province, Economic Review and Forecast No 10/2015 The prediction of Marx and Angels on the globalization trend of the era, applying to the recognition of Vietnam's accession to the WTO in terms of philosophy, Journal of Strategic Science No 05/2015 Ho Chi Minh's thought on democracy in the field of culture, Journal of Education No 07 Enhancing the role of the state in exercising the people's right to mastery in our country today -, Journal of Education No 07 Ho Chi Minh applied and developed Marxist-Leninist creations into Vietnam (compiled and selected), Hanoi National University Press Self-study guide to the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism, National Political Publishing House of Truth Addressing the relationship between economic growth and environmental protection in Ninh Binh province -, Asia-Pacific Economic Review No 534 + 535 February 2019 Corruption prevention and control - from political determination to the actions of the Party and the State, contribute to strengthening the faith among the people, Journal of Political Theory and Communications, April 2019 Class issues and class struggles during the transition to socialism in Vietnam today, Journal of Special Digital Education July 2019 INTRODUCTION Urgency of the subject Democracy is both a goal and a driving force of the Vietnamese revolution led by President Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Party of Vietnam From the first outline of the revolution, the Communist Party of Vietnam considered democracy for peasants as an important content in the democratic goal of the democratic national revolution The Party established the slogan "The plowman has fields", and gradually performed this task with strategies and strategies suitable for each stage Reality has proved that democracy has become a goal and motivation for the Vietnamese revolution in wars for national independence and independence The reforms initiated and led by the Party also aimed at implementing, ensuring and improving the democratic rights of the people, promoting the factor of people's ownership in all areas of life, before especially in the field of production, in which agriculture and farmers are the top issues, the basis for social stability and economic development The great achievement of innovation has made our country change quickly, fundamentally and is accepted by the world The Party's intellect and the strength of its people in democratic institutions are the two fundamental causes of all victories Today, the renovation process entering the development stage in all aspects of democracy must be more complete, deeper and more substantive because democracy is the best way to promote all human resources In our country, 65.6% of the country's population currently lives in rural areas (63,149,249 / 96,880,645) [39] Therefore, implementing democracy in rural areas is an important and urgent part in the development and implementation of democratic life in our country Rural North Delta is a leading region of the country This is a rural area with a larger population than any other rural area in the country with 22.5 million people [159] This region is closely linked to the process of forming the most basic values of the culture Vietnam chemical, has a leading strategic role of the country The Northern Delta is also the place to form and preserve the basic traditions of Vietnam, heroes, indomitable, solidarity, hard-working, intelligent, creative, strong -willed to overcome all hardships to achieve all the goals of the Vietnam Revolution led by the Party At the same time, what is no longer relevant to the new demands of life, the remnants of traditional social life are also most persistent in this area Successful implementation of democracy in this area will certainly bring valuable lessons for the cause of building a Socialist democracy in Vietnam But in the spirit of looking straight to the truth, we must admit that the results in the field of democratic development in rural areas have not been as expected by the Party and the People The Party and Government have invested in great policies and resources for the development and implementation of democracy in rural areas Farmers expect and are willing to join the Party and Government in implementing and promoting this task, so why are there still limitations, weaknesses and shortcomings in implementing democracy in rural areas? What obstacles have created these limitations and weaknesses, what are the nature of these obstacles? Can it be overcome or not? With the above-mentioned meanings, the author chooses the topic "Ho Chi Minh thought education on morality for students of the People's Police University" now to make a doctoral thesis, majoring in ethics Profound theoretical and practical The purpose and research tasks of the thesis 2.1 Research purpose of the topic The research purpose of the thesis is to contribute to improving the effectiveness of the implementation of democracy in rural areas in the Northern Delta based on an objective assessment of the achievements and limitations of this work in the renovation years, especially in recent years 2.2 Research mission To accomplish the set goals, the thesis must solve the following three tasks: - Firstly, clarifying some common theoretical issues about democracy and democracy practice, some perceptions about democracy in rural areas of the Northern Delta today - Secondly, presenting the real situation of democracy implementation in the Northern Delta rural areas from the renovation (1986) to the present, the focus is from the promulgation of the Grassroots Democracy Regulation; identify issues raised in the democratic practice process in the Northern Delta region - Third, propose a number of key solutions and recommendations to better implement democracy in rural areas of the Northern Delta of Vietnam today Research subject and scope 3.1 Research subjects - Scientific and practical basis of the concept of democracy, democracy, democracy and the implementation of democracy in the Northern Delta rural areas - Achievements and limitations in the implementation of democracy in the Northern Delta rural areas and solutions to improve the efficiency of this field of activity 3.2 Research scope - Research location: Rural Vietnam Northern Delta currently - Research period: Since the promulgation of the grassroots democracy regulation, mainly in recent years Theoretical basis and research methods 4.1 Rationale The thesis is based on the views of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh thought and of modern views on democracy and democracy practice At the same time, the thesis is presented based on the Party and State's views, guidelines, policies and laws on democracy and the implementation of democracy 4.2 Research Methods - The study is based on dialectical materialism and historical materialism of Marxism - Leninism - In the research process, the author uses interdisciplinary research methods of social sciences such as philosophy, law, politics, history in order to justify the content of concern of democracy and people implementation master From that analysis of the relationship between the exercise of democracy and socio-economic conditions, culture, historical traditions, ordinances when applied to the study and a specific object and scope Contribution of the thesis - Theoretically, the thesis has codified basic ideas about democracy and exercised democracy - On the basis of published documents, objectively assess the status of democracy implementation in the Northern Delta region through the popular democratic criteria and the requirements of the innovation development process in our country - The thesis points out and identifies the causes of the limitations in democracy practice in the current rural areas in the Northern Delta of Vietnam - The thesis has certain contributions, when proposing a number of feasible solutions, to better promote the process of democracy implementation in the rural areas of the Northern Delta of Vietnam today Theoretical and practical meanings of the topic - Theoretically, the thesis is primarily a document for research, teaching and learning, democratic dissemination, which is widely needed in Vietnam - Practically, the arguments and solutions proposed by this study can serve as a useful advisory role for officials who are directly involved in the field of democratic development in rural areas and directly to direct, supervise, urge and implement the Ordinance on the Implementation of Democracy in Rural Areas in the course of task performance The structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is structured into chapters, including 13 periods Chapter OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO THE TOPIC 1.1 The situation of research on democracy and the implementation of democracy 1.1.1 The basic situation of democracy research Studies in this area have raised and analyzed the views of Marx, Angels, Lenin on democracy, affirming that democracy is an indispensable result of the development of human society, reaching the level of making The State is forced to become a political tool of the people, serving the interests of the people The democracy from its inception until now is a gradual development process Lenin was the first to point out that democracy is a social motivation, promoting social development, towards a good goal of socialism and socialism In Ho Chi Minh's thought, democracy is a leading content, covering all core values of democracy and at the same time suitable to the situation of Vietnam Around the world, studies on democracy are abundant Studies on the democratic thought of light thinkers have been around for more than two centuries In terms of modern democracy, more and more research works are focused on the issues of the rule of law state and the protection of civil rights, human rights and the challenges that democracy is facing today The basic theoretical studies of democracy help the author shape the content of research and scientific tasks in the study of his topic, that is, it is necessary to stick to the universal values of democracy in the real world At present, the basic task is to study the issue of democracy implementation in rural areas in the Northern Delta of Vietnam today 1.1.2 Basic situation of democratic implementation The theoretical studies on democracy implementation emphasize the nature of the implementation of democracy as a broad practical activity, in which the core role is to complete the legal basis, especially the Constitution on regulations related to the fields of ensuring democracy and freedom in life, the rights and interests of citizens, human rights, activities to ensure that the state government must belong to the people, by the people and for the people Next is the identification of the actors of democratic exercise, which emphasizes the political activeness of the people; emphasizing that democracy must be implemented in all political, economic, cultural and social fields and that democracy must be instituted by law In particular, the author has convincingly argued about the feasibility of implementing democracy under the condition of a single party in power, along with measures to realize success and reality that democracy in Vietnam Nam is a testament Some authors focus on studying Ho Chi Minh's thought on the exercise of democracy, raising important and practical guidelines of Ho Chi Minh on specific guidelines and measures in implementing democracy in Vietnam 1.2 Research situation on the implementation of democracy in the Northern Delta rural areas 1.2.1 The situation of research on democracy implementation in rural Vietnam The Vietnam Journalist Association has gathered all the Party and State documents on grassroots democracy, on the development and implementation of democratic regulations in communes and wards, stating the close instructions of the Politburo on the implementation of grassroots democracy, emphasizing the key stages of this field There is an author who assessed that the promulgation of democratic regulations is a big innovation and an effective method in promoting people's ownership The authors not only highlighted the achievements in implementing grassroots democracy in the localities, but also emphasized the effects of grassroots democracy implementation on rural reform, effectively implementing programs The socioeconomic situation in this area has caused a dramatic change in the rural face, all aspects of rural social life have been positively and strongly changed Implementation of democratic regulations has created a close coordination between state management in communes and community autonomy in villages Some authors have been concerned about the positive change of the people's psychology in the implementation of grassroots democracy, especially the progress of legal awareness in the implementation of democracy 1.2.2 Research situation on the implementation of democracy in the Northern Delta rural areas Studies on the implementation of democracy in rural areas of the Northern Delta are limited and conducted in a specific province, but have provided valuable practical information The change in the behavior of democracy implementation of the people and the social situation in the countryside have made many progress Many localities have developed and well implemented specific regulations for the community, voted and adopted by the people The public regime is very concerned and supervised by the people, so it brings many practical benefits to the people The consensus between the government and the people has been much improved, some places where people think that the implementation of the democratic ordinance in their localities has achieved high results Firstly, we have gained a lot of valuable experiences about the leadership role of the local party committee, the active role of the grassroots government, promoting the strength of the entire political system, adhering to the characteristics and situation of localities, paying special attention to meeting people's aspirations 1.3 General assessment of research results of the works related to the topic and the issues that need further study Through the introductory presentation of the above-mentioned studies, the basic results that the authors have studied and clarified: Firstly, to clarify the basic values of democracy such as freedom, equality and human rights in general, which are considered to be the core of a democracy and democratic society, considered sacred inviolable right Secondly, clarify the basic differences between democratic political regimes and totalitarian regimes In an authoritarian regime, being forced to live and submit to the law that is in the interests of the ruling class is manifested in harsh rules, so there is no equal freedom and human rights They are only tools that serve the state of the ruling class In contrast, in democracy, the state has the ultimate duty to serve the interests of the people, the people create the state and the state must be popular, or Marxist, the state is the "normative" (ie attribute) of the people Thirdly, in terms of democracy in Vietnam, the authors affirmed that the views of President Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Party of Vietnam on democracy are profound, comprehensive, and full of universal values In revolutionary practice, democracy is the goal throughout the whole revolutionary way; regaining national independence is at the same time winning democracy; building and developing the country is also building and developing socialist democracy, in which all the powers of the people belong to the people, the state is a democratic state, that is the state of the people, by the people, for the people; building a democracy in a single ruling party is entirely feasible, consistent with the practical situation of Vietnam Fourthly, studies on the implementation of democracy regulations and ordinances 34 in many areas, including some provinces and localities in the Northern Delta, have shown positive effects of democracy in Rural areas, especially the implementation of democracy, have become a driving force for results and transparency in the process of implementing national socioeconomic development programs such as poverty alleviation, land consolidation, land consolidation, etc In addition to the clarified contents, the above studies have not yet emphasized the disadvantages of how to implement the old policies and policies in rural areas such as achievement disease, disease form, etc In the process of implementing democracy, the shortcomings have not had any sanctions to deal with violations, the contents have been legalized, especially the indifference attitude to the weaknesses in the communication work The research is still less concerned with the limitations in the field of democracy implementation such as social criticism, complaints and denunciations, periodic citizen reception regulations of key officials Besides, the solutions The proposal to improve the effectiveness of democracy implementation has not aimed at overcoming the obstacles caused by the dark side of the market economy and the remnants of traditional relations in rural areas The new studies refer to the implementation of grassroots democracy in general, or there are studies associated with specific areas but no studies have generally assessed the implementation of democracy in the Northern Delta in general and this will be a research area that the author wants to make a small contribution to solve Therefore, the task of continuing research of the topic focuses on the following contents: Firstly, to assess the current situation of democracy implementation in the rural areas in the Central region of Vietnam today, showing the limited achievements and the causes of such limited achievements Secondly, based on the current status of the thesis, some issues were raised during the implementation of democracy in rural areas in the Northern Delta of Vietnam today Thirdly, the thesis identifies directions and solutions to overcome these limitations, in order to better implement democracy in rural areas in the Northern Delta of Vietnam today CHAPTER ISSUES ABOUT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEMOCRACY IN RURAL AREAS IN THE NORTH DELTA 2.1 Democracy concept 2.1.1 Democracy as a concept refers to a society in which people have freedom and equality Unlike the situation in feudal society, people in democratic society have all the rights of freedom of body, property, residence, travel, speech They can everything that the law is not forbidden People are born with equal rights and are not discriminated against on the basis of their religious, racial, ethnic heritage, dignity and abilities Everyone is equal before the law 2.1.2 Democracy as a political concept As a political concept, democracy is the term used to refer to a political regime in which political power belongs to the people The people should organize the state through free elections, selecting deputies they deem worthy to represent their rights and interests in state power agencies, and also have the right to dismiss these people if they find they are no longer worthy Therefore, the power of the state is essentially the power of the people entrusted to A democracy must bear all of the following characteristics: All state power must be directly elected by the people through free and fair elections 10 formed spontaneously, not in violation The regulation of the law, such as the activities of the mass societies by profession, age, hobbies, beliefs, cultural activities, etc In both areas, the universal values of democracy still play a role the role of adjusting members' behaviors, with a common goal and building a social environment in rural areas of the Northern Delta into a democratic, civilized and modern environment, people's lives are increasingly improved High, spacious and healthy landscape, rural people have increasingly access to cultural activities, access to full information, master every aspect of his life Rural The Northern Delta has become a livable area To achieve that goal, the party committees, grassroots administrations and people in rural areas of the Northern Delta have to go through a persistent and difficult struggle process The obstacles not only bring back old habits and habits, but also from negative phenomena arising from the negative side of the market economy, generating group interests and selfish personal interests 2.4 Implementing democracy and implementing democracy in rural areas of the Northern Delta of Vietnam today 2.4.1 The concept of democracy implementation Exercising democracy is a concept that refers to a process of practical operation of a social community, in order to transform oneself from a state of absence of the characteristics of democracy in community life, or to have those characteristics are but incomplete, incomplete, gradually becoming a democratic and democratic community at a higher quality As a work of transforming the quality of a social life, the role of the masses is one of the decisive factors for success Therefore, the socio-economic establishments that shape the strength and dynamism of the people are an indispensable premise At the same time, the leadership and political determination of the ruling party is the leading decisive factor for the success of democratic implementation 2.4.2 Implementing democracy in rural Vietnam Northern Delta today Implementing democracy in rural areas of the Northern Delta is a great and long-term project The subject of this activity is the Party committee, the government at many levels, but first of all at the grassroots level, and the masses of the people in this area, under the close leadership and guidance of the Party and the State In terms of methods, it is necessary to grasp the motto that considers this work to be the main rule of law enforcement, taking extensive and effective propaganda as the basis Must overcome the habit of indifference to the law, considering this is just like a social campaign, should follow conscience and self-consciousness The Party's policy is very clear The promulgation of the grassroots democracy regulation and then being upgraded to ordinance 34 demonstrates the Party's great political determination in its goal of turning rural 11 areas in particular and the basic social life in general into a society Democracy, serving a strategy to accelerate the cause of innovation Therefore, the implementation of Ordinance 34 has become a key step in the cause of democracy implementation in the Northern Delta rural areas However, it is also important to realize that the implementation of Ordinance 34 is not the whole content and task of implementing democracy in the Northern Delta rural areas The work of exercising universal democratic rights such as electing for power agencies at all levels, supervising activities of state agencies, protecting citizen’s rights and human rights through resolving complaints and denunciations, well implementing economic democratic rights in rural areas is still a regular task of implementing democracy in rural areas Chapter THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEMOCRACY IN RURAL AREAS OF THE NORTHERN DELTA OF VIETNAM TODAY - STATUS AND ISSUES 3.1 The Party and State lead and direct the implementation of democracy at the grassroots level (from 1998 to present) Since the late 1990s, the cause of democratic development has been promoted by the Party and the State, entering a new stage of quality In which, the field of grassroots democracy development is particularly concerned The beginning of this period is directive 30 - Politics/Central on the promulgation of democratic regulations In May 1998, the democracy regulation was first promulgated by the government, then completely revised and developed in 2004 These are big milestones, marking the implementation of democracy in the country to be institutionalized, governed by law In order to carry out the development and quality changes to the practice of grassroots democracy, The Government closely and continuously directs localities throughout the country with resolutions, directives and circulars, inspection teams, establishing a system of steering committees for the implementation of grassroots democracy regulations from the central to communal and ward throughout the country, establishing executive relationships between organizations throughout the political system, comply with the reporting regime on the implementation of democratic regulations periodically Implementing the grassroots democracy regulation has become a leading issue in political life from the central to grassroots levels In 2007, after nine years, the democracy regulation was replaced by ordinance 34 of the National Assembly Standing Committee The upgrade of the legal value of exercising democracy is a testament to the high political determination of our Party and State in the field of democracy implementation By 2013, the Politburo issued the regulation of 217,218, entrusted to the Fatherland Front to preside over the strengthening of supervision activities, reviewers across the country Along with urging, inspecting and adjusting the 12 implementation of the ordinance 34, these two directives have strengthened the oversight of the power of party organizations and governments at all levels, making the exercise of democracy always a regular job, plays the role of implementing all socio-economic programs and plans throughout the country 3.2 Current status of democracy implementation in rural Northern Delta Vietnam 3.2.1 Construction of the State by democratic elections The regular 5-year National Assembly and People's Council elections have always been a very animating political life in the country, carefully prepared, safe Activities that ensure publicity, transparency, ensuring the freedom of choosing delegates of the people to be increasingly meticulously concerned Elections are considered by the people to be a festival, an opportunity for the people to freely choose talented people, participate in power agencies, representing their political mastery The percentage of voters going to vote is usually very high In the election of the National Assembly and the People's Councils at all levels, People in the provinces of the Northern Delta voted at 98% of the total number of voters This is a great achievement in the field of political democracy, although there are still weaknesses and shortcomings in the information work, communication about the candidates, the awkwardness in the consultative conference on the Fatherland Front limits the power to choose delegates 3.2.2 Social supervision and criticism activities Social supervision and criticism in the Northern Delta provinces has been increasingly exciting, especially since it has a regulation 217,218 of the Politburo The form of supervision is the conferences chaired by the Fatherland Front, or in collaboration with People's Council, Department of Justice, inspection boards at all levels with hundreds of visits a year in the provinces It is also conducted through thousands of people reception at all levels from central to commune, candid comments on government decisions, especially in fields related to local socio-economic development plans This proves that people pay attention to inspection, oversee the activities of the committees and authorities, the political awareness is increasingly improved But in this regard, the weak stitch is the ability to meet and respond to organizations, state agencies before the comments of the people 3.2.3 Settlement of complaints and denunciations- The most important content in the field of protecting human rights, legitimate rights and interests of citizens Complaints and denunciations are common in democratic societies The situation of complaints and denunciations is the result of settlement by the authorities, is one of the information channels on implementing democracy in each locality For example, in 2015 the whole province of Hung Yen received 13 3,448 applications, including 149 complaints and 643 denunciations and 2,575 other applications The province handled 606 applications, 24/30 complaints and 23/29 denunciations This number proves that there are still many conflicts in the society, but the whole province also has many achievements in resolving cases Cases of complaints and denunciations last quite a lot in the region Some cases are caused by people's ignorance of laws, But there are many things that caused by the limitations of the staff responsible for resolving complaints, accusations Most worrying is that the number of complaints and denunciations with cause of land is high and there is no sign of remission Excessive complaints are still a common phenomenon, proving that many places have not done a good job of dealing with complaints and denunciations 3.2.4 Implementation of Ordinance 34-Promoting the people's ownership of all aspects of rural social life by a legal corridor The content of the democratic ordinance proves that the Party and the State are aware of the state of democracy in the countryside and the direction to bring into play the ownership of people in this area is very accurate It is a design well suited to rural society to build a truly effective democratic life, reach the height of universal democratic values Both the contents of direct democracy, indirect democracy and the coordination between the two forms of democracy are adjusted harmoniously and specifically All provinces in the Northern Delta are highly focused on the political system's efforts to get involved People in the Northern Delta region are very aware of the effects of the ordinance and respond enthusiastically These actual survey surveys prove that people have actively implemented well the contents prescribed by the ordinance The governments have a serious sense of direction in implementing the Ordinance 34, and be aware of the effects of strictly enforcing this ordinance in the implementation of programs, socio-economic goals to succeed rural development After each conclusion, periodic conclusion, compliance with the Ordinance 34 goes into glutinous Although here and there, there is a formality disease, but overall the implementation of Ordinance 34 has aroused a sense of self-control, proactively and creatively build the rural social environment into a democratic one, bring positive changes for a community and for every citizen in the Northern Delta 3.2.5 Implementation of social justice, economic democracy and cultural democracy in the Northern Delta rural areas Achievement of social justice implementation in rural areas of the Northern Delta is evident in hunger eradication programs, poverty reduction programs, national target program on new rural construction and implementation of social security policies The percentage of poor households in this area has decreased steadily year by year, most of them are less than 5%, 14 the highest is only 9% It is a great achievement for us, highly appreciated by the world The new rural construction program has a strategic stature on the implementation of social justice, through specific targets, enabling farmers to have comprehensive access to development opportunities, an increasingly important issue in the field of social justice implementation in the world In terms of democratic development, this is a prominent manifestation of democracy in Vietnam Along with the record of economic growth, we also have more resources to better implement social security policies, support for vulnerable people, gratitude, charitable activities The implementation of social justice is also expressed through economic democracy and cultural and information democracy The main means of production of farmers are protected by law Agriculture has been increasingly focused on developing techniques, information, markets, on how to organize production to bring about high economic efficiency, capital and communication channels for production and consumption… Along with the higher standard of living, spiritual life and education and training are also encouraging achievements in the Northern Delta Cultural and artistic activities are widely developed Traditional festivals are restored, the internet goes all around the village Spiritual life in rural areas in the Northern Delta is almost no gap compared to urban 3.3 Overall assessment of achievements and limitations in the implementation of democracy in the Northern Delta rural areas The cause of the achievements and limitations 3.3.1 Overview of current achievements in rural democracy of the Northern Delta of Vietnam It can be considered that the period from 1998 up to now is the stage of upgrading the implementation of democracy in the Northern Delta rural areas, with the changing advantages of implementation and social awareness of democracy Firstly, regarding the method of implementation, the most important result is that the issue of democracy implementation has become a matter of law compliance, rather than as a maneuver, calling, encouraging and based on self-consciousness Although, in practice, this concept has not been thoroughly grasped at all levels of government and people, but the legal corridor has been established and the inevitable trend is that it will be strengthened to regulate behavior, activities of cadres and people to make democratic activities in rural areas become social customs In fact, this trend is in many places, both government officials and the people acknowledged that it was the content of the Democratic Regulations and the ordinance of exercising democracy in communes, wards and towns have created favorable conditions, creating strength for programs, plans, socio-economic in their locality such as hunger 15 eradication and poverty reduction, new rural construction, rural security, restoration of traditional cultural values have been successfully implemented Secondly, local governments from provinces to communes have programs, plans, and organizations and measures to promote the implementation of democratic activities as a regular activity The political awareness of democracy implementation has been raised one step in many places, the contents that have been legalized in the Democratic Regulations and the Ordinance on exercising democracy in communes, wards and townships have been considered legal responsibilities during the implementation process In terms of trends, this will gradually become a routine and then the awareness of the legal responsibility in the implementation of democracy in rural areas of the Northern Delta of cadres and civil servants at all levels of rural government will be a fundamental achievement, at the same time, it is one of the basis for political activities in this region with basic democracy and sustainability as a natural attribute However this is a long process Thirdly, the consciousness of people in this region about their rights and obligations in the exercise of democracy, formed from the results of propaganda and from the practice of democracy has been improved one step In many villages in the area, people have benefited directly and specifically from implementing the contents of democratic regulations and the ordinance exercising democracy should increase the faith in the political determination of the Party and the State People's positiveness is one of the most decisive drivers for the success of rural democracy in general and rural North Delta in particular People actively participate in such political activities: Electing, proposing and supervising activities of State agencies Political consciousness and legal consciousness of the people are the important and decisive basis to create the results of democratic implementation Fourthly, Changes in rural areas in recent years, from landscape, facilities, techniques, farming technology… Especially degenerated officials, corrupt officials, visits disciplined, the accusations and complaints are satisfactorily resolved, the interests of the people are protected… All of these realities are the result of democratic implementation Since then, the people believe that implementing democracy is the best way for people to participate more and more actively in economic activities, politics and society contribute to improving the material and spiritual life of rural farmers in general and farmers in the Northern Delta in particular It can be seen that, wherever democracy is well implemented, the government is really really a government serving the people, less negative corruption, the relationship between the people and the government attached, good harmony, peaceful rural atmosphere, less social evils make rural areas a liveable place The above achievements are due to the following reasons: 16 - The most decisive reason is the very high and drastic political determination of the Party and the State The Party has focused on profound social research at the end of the Twentieth Century, right understanding of the key role of democracy in the innovation strategy, should have decided to start a new phase in the development of democracy nationwide Never before has the implementation of democracy been so comprehensive and focused as it has been since 1998 The drastic nature and the prompt, regular and continuous guidance of the Politburo, the Secretariat has brought the whole political system into play Exercising democracy becomes a central issue, is an urgent and long-term political task in political activities, the main way to implement all policies and policies of the Party and the State The Government's action program is designed methodically, continuously and drastically, making democracy implementing a task that never gets distracted anywhere, anytime Many valuable lessons can be learned about determination and leadership, direction of the Party and State for more than 20 years to promote the past democracy This is also a practical environment that brings many lessons about capturing and responding to aspirations, interests of the people in implementing the Party and State's political goals The second reason is the active participation of rural people in the Northern Delta Citizens thirst for democracy Recognizing that the Party and the State really care about the exercise of democracy in order to benefit themselves, the people actually participate in the implementation of democracy as their own work People realize that the Party and the State really care about their basic and practical interests, and then they realize that they are protected and support in the fight against undemocratic acts that violate their rights and legitimate interests And only when their activeness is they truly mobilized Say to go along long with doing, keep trust with the people, resolutely doing what benefits the people, which is the best way to promote the people's mastery The places where people actively participate in the implementation of democracy activities, gaining many achievements are the localities that implement the above motto The third cause is the result of the times factor, from the domestic situation and from the international situation Viewed from within the country different from other Socialist countries, Our Party determines not only economic innovation but also on the basis of the fruits of economic innovation we advocate prudent political reforms, political reform must persevere in the direction of Socialist In essence, it is a Socialist-oriented market economy combined with strengthening and developing Socialist democracy Vietnam's economy is following the trend of increasing and deeper integration and efficiency into the global economy, including the high demands on the democratic factor, including the high demands on the democratic factor These 17 are great challenges but also great motivations for Vietnam's democracy to develop and perfect That is a positive motivation for the implementation of democracy in Vietnam, including the rural areas of the Northern Delta 3.3.2 Overall assessment of the limitations and existing in the implementation of democracy in the Northern Delta rural areas and their causes Building a modern democracy takes a very long time Especially in rural areas, there are more obstacles than in urban environment Therefore, in the process of building and implementing democracy in the rural areas of the Northern Delta still has limitations and weaknesses which are inevitable Specifically: Firstly, the uneven of results in localities in the rural areas of the Northern Delta In some communes and villages, the implementation of democracy has achieved many victories, but there are also many other villages and communes that the situation has progressed slowly This proves that the results of democratic implementation are not sustainable Sometimes, some regions and localities not have agreement between reporting results and the reality of democratic implementation results Complaints and denunciations have not been reduced, the pressing of public opinion on corruption, violations of land, running of rights, unjust convictions, violations of interests of citizens still exist quite popular Secondly, although the exercise of democracy was officially legalized, in the political life in rural areas, there has not been any change in the quality of dealing with violations of the provisions of the Democratic Regulations and the Ordinance on the Implementation of Democracy in Communes, Wards and Towns No cadres and civil servants have been prosecuted for violating democracy This proves that the two above-mentioned legal documents have not promoted the legal value in adjusting social relations for the process of democratic implementation The phenomenon of violating the legitimate interests of people, selling public land, accepting bribes, not wholeheartedly for the benefit of the community, taking advantage of power for personal gain still taking place quite a lot There is a part that also regards the exercise of democracy as an obstacle to them, who are one of the main forces that hinder the implementation of democracy in rural areas Thirdly, many stages in the field of democracy implementation are still outdated, lack of science, reporting information is not quantified results but is still a general report, estimation Especially the backwardness in communication limits a lot to the whole field of democracy implementation Basically communication in rural areas is overlooked, especially in the field of democracy implementation, it is impossible not to it but to it as a formality and to be sketchy Broadcasting on the radio, distributing leaflets, posting notices, putting up banners, slogans are considered to have completed 18 the task of communication in the countryside There is no investigation, no verification of communication effectiveness, no performance evaluation of the communication method, no attention to the reaction of the receiver … This is a big waste, a big gap in the process and mode of democracy implementation in rural areas in the Northern Delta in particular and in rural Vietnam in general In particular, in today's society, the media has an increasing role, direct and profound impact on the effectiveness of democracy implementation Fourthly, Achievements and forms of nationalism still exist Reports are full of numbers without evaluation of effectiveness; Tens of thousands of people are trained every year without practical effect after the training; Thousands of inspections but not accompanied by the progress of reality after inspection Voter meetings are held regularly, "according to the procedure" but elsewhere are selected voters Conferences contributing to resolutions, social criticism but then there is no report of the results of acquisition, explanation, evaluation, quality or debate with the people's opinions.… In addition to the above basic limitations, there are still weaknesses in the field of democracy implementation in the Northern Delta But it can be affirmed that all of these weaknesses have two things in common: They all stem from low political consciousness or are affected by threatened interests if the democratic exercise of victory is achieved The above limitations stem from the following basic causes: - The most important cause is the low effectiveness of the struggle to prevent and repel the ideal fading phenomenon, self-evolution, selftransformation, decline in revolutionary morality in the Party and a significant part of these are officials with positions of authority This is the most fundamental cause, leading to all weaknesses in the field of democracy implementation and many other areas It is undeniable that once party members are in positions of authority, especially those at the top of the party committee who are depressed of revolutionary morality, all negative phenomena are harmful to the role and the effectiveness of Party leadership is possible This cause produces factors that limit the outcome of democratic performance such as: forming local interest groups, downplaying the political task of exercising democracy because development democracy means that their tactics will be exposed and not done Internal Party organization arose disorientation, forming underground factions to consolidate, competing for power will be a great obstacle and obstacle to the process of exercising democracy in the society, including the rural North Delta - The second reason is that we have not really promoted legislation in the implementation of democracy in the Northern Delta rural areas In our country, the call to overcome the situation “on drastic central action, while locally, the facility is slow to change ” is not stated only once 19 This clearly reflects that the legal status in state management is not strong Implementing democracy in rural areas is considered to be nothing of a pressing psychology in both officials and the people, the legal consciousness in this area is looser This disadvantage makes the work of implementing democracy in rural areas like a campaign, mainly relying on people's selfawareness The phrase "Loose management is used quite often” People listen to them forever and it seems they accept them as a way of doing, a practice of special employees at rural This practice is widespread everywhere and takes place in many fields It seems to become a habit in everyone's behavior, which people think it's hard to delete it This practice is one of the factors delaying the implementation of democracy in rural areas in the Northern Delta - The third cause has not built the solidarity and trust of the people in the Northern Delta rural areas in the implementation and promotion of democracy The confidence of the people in the rural areas of the North Delta is not deep enough for them to wholeheartedly and wholeheartedly participate, uphold the revolutionary activeness in the rural democracy implementation in this region This cause itself is also the result of many other factors, not because people in this region not yearn for a high quality democratic society The reality of life is not enough to establish a great political determination for the people: The unjust complaints of the people are many, there are cases that last decades unresolved Those who depend on the government get rich quick and shady, Corruption behaviors, run for office have not been handled Jobs sketchy, dishonesty, and form of nationalism of the local government … If not resolved drastically, it will not win the trust of the people and will not mobilize the power of the masses in the exercise of democracy in the Northern Delta rural areas The common point of all three causes is silently and persistently not causing big incidents, causing social upheaval but its consequences are serious, are hard to overcome causes that need to be experienced over a long period of time That is a great obstacle for the implementation of democracy in the Northern Delta rural areas 3.4 A number of issues raised for promoting the implementation of democracy in rural areas of the Northern Delta of Vietnam today Firstly, it is necessary to have full awareness and timely direction, closely follow the implementation of democracy activities in each specific locality, not to bring back the shortcomings, errors in implementing the contents specified in ordinance 34 and specific directives from higher levels to grassroots levels Seriously maintain regulations on timely periodic reports Secondly, it is necessary to squeeze the discipline more seriously against the violations of the rules and resolutions, higher-level decisions related 20 to the implementation of grassroots democracy, not shielding, winding Every organization in the political system must take seriously the strict implementation of the contents of ordinance 34 and the tasks of implementing democracy are always the top priority in their work Thirdly, consolidate the linkage between party organizations, Governments and mass organizations, timely exchange of information, coordination of early resolution and fiercely unincorporated issues, forming the general resolutions of the political system in each particular job, not to lose solidarity in solving work related to the implementation of democracy for people in rural areas Fourthly, consolidate and improve people's confidence in the inevitable success of construction and the development of rural democratic life in general, of which in the immediate future is the implementation of democracy in the countryside Taking the people's trust should be considered the motto of all activities in rural democracy People's confidence is the most decisive factor for every success of political goals Assessing people's confidence level (people's satisfaction) should be considered as a basic indicator to assess the results of democratic implementation in each village and commune Experiences from democratic practice in rural areas in the Northern Delta in recent years require planning and policies, Specific objectives of implementing democracy in rural areas with close interests of the people The masses recognize these plans, policies and goals through the lens of their interests, which is one of the roads leading to the trust of the masses Fifthly, the solid basis for the success of rural democracy in general is still economic matters Must create a legal basis and facilities are required to develop a sustainable rural economy, increasing labor productivity, effectively supporting the application of advanced technology, linking markets, preserving post-harvest, processing agricultural products and especially maintain the land fund for agricultural production, protect arable land for farmers only when peasant life is stable and increasingly improved, the implementation of democracy in rural areas will be firmly successful Chapter DIRECTIONS AND SOLUTIONS FOR STRENGTHENIG DEMOCRACY IN RURAL AREAS OF THE NORTHERN DELTA OF VIETNAM TODAY 4.1 Orientations to promote the implementation of democracy in the Northern Delta rural areas 4.1.1 Maintain the implementation of democracy as a regular routine in social life in the Northern Delta rural areas 21 Maintaining regular implementation of democracy in rural areas is not an easy task, but it is very necessary Always mentioning the task of implementing democracy, making officials at all levels of government understand that democracy is a major political determination of the Party and the State, couldn’t help but perform The people also gradually realized that and their belief in the political determination of the Party and the State was strengthened The regular mention of the task of exercising democracy in the media is a daily reminder when doing a specific job The greater purpose of this is to make the exercise of democracy a custom for all grassroots government officials Awareness of this task is strengthened daily, daily review, sooner or later this custom will be formed and then democracy will become a regular routine in social life in rural areas in the Northern Delta 4.1.2 Associate the evaluation of the achievement of democracy in localities with the achievements of socio-economic development, improve the people's living standards This orientation aims to improve the practicality of the democracy implementation in the Northern Delta rural areas This is also a measure to prevent achievement and form of democracy in the implementation of democracy The exercise of democracy is not general but must be specifically tied to the socioeconomic development measure, with improving people's lives Persistent with this motto is the perseverance of the political goal of implementing democracy in rural areas, while promoting the effectiveness of the socio-economic programs being implemented in this area, raising awareness and the positiveness of the people because they understand that democracy itself is the driving force, the direct source that contributes to improving their living conditions 4.1.3 Implementing the priority of economic democracy in the process of implementing democracy in the Northern Delta rural areas Economic democracy is first of all the freedom of citizens to own property, the most important of which is to own the means of production, which, for farmers, are land Complaints and denunciations related to agricultural land always have a high rate in the total number of complaints and denunciations Therefore, economic democracy is a top priority that is completely theoretical and practical However, rural economic democracy lies in the government's macro policies So far, investment in agriculture has not been commensurate with the goal of turning agriculture into a major macroeconomic sector and modern technology Issues such as extension, organization and market management are still weak Incidents such as: Post-harvest losses, epidemics, improvement of plant varieties and animal breeds … still bring bad consequences and the last disadvantaged is the farmer 22 4.1.4 Strengthening legislation in the implementation of democracy in the Northern Delta rural areas In order to enhance the effectiveness of democracy implementation in Vietnam in general, in rural areas of the Northern Delta in particular, the most basic method is to legalize this activity, ie regulating the relationships between entities and individual activities under the law This has been clearly and confirmed through the provisions of the Constitution, in the laws related to civil liberties and the mode of operation of State agencies in relation to people However, in the context that Vietnam is rapidly moving to a market economy, new types of interest relations have emerged, including many relationships that the law has not yet completed to regulate has operated very complicated Combined with the remnants of the old society, these relationships spawn a range of behaviors that tend to deflect governing democratic laws In the field of democracy implementation in rural areas, restricted legislation is also from the interests, the nature of self-interest to prevent it That is the reason causing most of the shortcomings in the implementation of democracy in the Northern Delta rural areas recently Therefore, strengthening legislation in the exercise of democracy is the fundamental way to overcome these obstacles 4.2 Some solutions and petitions to promote and improve the quality of democracy implementation in the Northern Delta rural areas 4.2.1 Some solutions to promote and improve the quality of democracy implementation in the Northern Delta rural areas 4.2.1.1 Thoroughly implement democracy in the Party's activities as an example and pivotal in the exercise of democracy at the rural base 4.2.1.2 Thoroughly implement publicly verified and transparent 4.2.1.3 Strictly punishing violations of the discipline of the country to eliminate the situation of “on drastic central action, while locally, the facility is slow to change ” 4.2.1.4 To regulate the handling of complaints and denunciations by legal measures 4.2.1.5 Enhancing economic democracy in rural areas of the Northern Delta 4.2.2 Some petitions 4.2.2.1 Enhancing the legal value of Ordinance 34 - Promulgating the Code on the exercise of grassroots democracy It is necessary to supplement regulations on team liability with acts of non-compliance or incomplete compliance with the contents of the ordinance Moreover, it is time to enact the Grassroots Democracy Implementation Law 4.2.2.2 Restarting the people's experiment directly elects the title of commune People's Committee president 23 Proactively amending the Constitution and laws to continue the experiment of directly electing the commune People's Committee president The political and social conditions for this work are mature 4.2.2.3 Establish direct contacts between Vietnamese village units and equivalent units in ASEAN countries This activity will bring a lot of benefits to rural democracy building from the experience of organizing basic life with the Southeast Asian cultural values of which Vietnam is a part CONCLUSION Democracy is one of the basic contents in the revolutionary line of the Communist Party of Vietnam right from its inception After the victory of the August Revolution in 1945, democracy was established in Vietnam by the National Assembly elections in January 1946 and the 1946 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam From the outset, Vietnam's democracy has contained the universal values of democracy, clearly expressed in the Declaration of Independence and in the first Constitution Along with the correct line of the Party and the strong will of independence of all Vietnamese people, Democracy has created a great motivation for our people to win the last victory in both the anti-French and American resistance wars In the cause of building democracy, building, organizing and implementing democracy in rural areas is a big and long-term job, when farmers have an absolute majority in the people Rural North Delta is a leading region of the country, Democracy in this region is an important part of the entire cause of democratic development and development in our country Since the last years of the twentieth century, the exercise of democracy in the rural areas of the Northern Delta has been promoted and legalized, not only by laws relating to human rights and civil rights, but also by the Basic democratic regulation, the cell size of democracy, which manifests the most genuine phenomena of democratic quality Implementing democracy in rural areas The Northern Delta does not only involve the work of democracy implementation for the whole country, but also includes the organization of community life characterized by the rural social environment of the Northern Delta, with regard to the rights and interests of farmers Changing the way of organizing the life of an entire society is a long and arduous process It is permanent because lifestyle is a form of community culture, with social inertia, self-sustaining over generations, so changing is not the same as inertia in mechanics, but only it takes time It's arduous because building and exercising democracy is a struggle of interest On the one hand is the community interest and the other is the interest of those groups at risk of being abolished in democratic institutions Representing the interests of the community is political interest, with the Party and the State in charge of 24 organizing and leading Throughout the revolutionary periods, the Vietnamese Communist Party persisted in democracy, seeing that as both a goal, is both a revolutionary motivation, so it has focused its best efforts to lead and direct democracy The committees and local governments, grassroots in the Northern Delta abide by and actively implement democracy in their localities The people, especially farmers in the Northern Delta, are very dynamic and creative, once the realization that democracy is implemented is to perform their own interests, they are very enthusiastic to participate, creating great strength to promote the implementation of democracy in rural areas The results of democracy implementation in the rural areas of the Northern Delta in recent years are encouraging, contributing positively to fundamental and comprehensive changes in rural areas in this region The change that many people think that two or thirty years ago few people dare to think will become a reality The material and technical facilities in the countryside and the life of people in this area have been improved, production is stable and developed, The production structure is being improved, changing towards the technical modernization in rural areas and people's life in this area has been improved, production is stable and developed; Social justice, in all its respects, has been significantly enhanced with progressive social security policies, Based on production efficiency, the economy of the whole country; The natural environment and social environment are strengthened to protect and develop Democracy has become the main mode to implement socio-economic programs and goals of the whole region Modern democratic values and areas of a comprehensive democratic life have been firmly established, paving the way for the entire Party to achieve greater achievements in the next periods The ongoing struggle against negative, regressive and corruption is taking place as drastically as a social phenomenon that signals a new phase of democratic quality has begun To ensure the promotion of democracy in the Northern Delta, we should not be subjective and satisfied The motto is to look straight to the truth to identify and counteract the underlying causes that hinder democracy, in which the main causes are group interests and selfish individual All negative phenomena, from alienation, self-transformation, embezzlement, corruption, willful doing contrary, to violating the rights and interests of the people all have the ultimate cause is these types of benefits Facing this situation, the most radical measure is to strengthen the blood-relation between the Party and the people At that time, all the weaknesses, of democratic activities in the Party, the quality and capacity of the Party members' administration and officials, to the implementation of democracy in the spirit of law observance will be overcome When the Party gains complete trust with the people, there is no revolutionary goal we cannot achieve It has been proven in modern history that there are almost no exceptions ... in Vietnam 1.2 Research situation on the implementation of democracy in the Northern Delta rural areas 1.2.1 The situation of research on democracy implementation in rural Vietnam The Vietnam Journalist... "normative" (ie attribute) of the people Thirdly, in terms of democracy in Vietnam, the authors affirmed that the views of President Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Party of Vietnam on democracy... of Vietnam today Thirdly, the thesis identifies directions and solutions to overcome these limitations, in order to better implement democracy in rural areas in the Northern Delta of Vietnam today