Công nghiệp hóa, hiện đại hóa nông nghiệp, nông thôn ở đồng bằng sông hồng tt tiếng anh

1 INTRODUCTION Rational for the study Industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas plays an important role, especially for agricultural development, new rural construction, and improvement of farmers’ material and spiritual life It is crucial and indispensable for the countries with out-dated agricultural economies and their desire to build a modern developed economy In Vietnam, the issue of industrialization, including the introduction of agriculture to large production, has been proposed by the Party and the State since the 1960s and has achieved some remarkable achievements In the innovation period, industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas are one of the leading tasks, playing an important role in the whole process of industrialization and modernization of the country, with a goal that by 2030 our country will become a modern-oriented industrialized country In the recent National Party Congress, especially from the Eighth Congress to the Twelfth Congress, the Communist Party of Vietnam has regularly paid due attention to and had many strategic directions for agricultural development and rural economy, considering agricultural issues, farmers and rural areas have a strategic position in the industrialization, modernization, construction and defense of the Fatherland, as an important basis and force for the socio-economic development Notably, at the Conference of the Central Executive Committee (Session IX), there was Resolution No 15 on promoting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas It emphasized: “Industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas are one of the most important tasks of national industrialization and modernization Industrial and service development must be inextricably linked, effective support and effective service for agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization” [47, p.3] In the past years, along with the Party and State’s policy on agriculture and rural areas, the localities in the Red River Delta have had positive guidelines, policies and measures to promote agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization and have brought about important economic, political and social achievements The agricultural and rural economic structure of the region has gradually shifted towards industrialization and modernization, the proportion of agriculture has decreased from 50.53% in 2011 to 42.32% in 2017; the industry increased from 22.86% to 25.86%; services and trade increased from 26.71% to 31.82%, respectively [108,109] However, the process of implementing industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta shows certain limitations, the achievements are yet to meet the given goals and requirements With an aim to clarifying the theoretical and practical bases on industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta, as well as proposing views and solutions to promoting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the coming years, the thesis’s author decided to choose the issue of "Industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta" as his doctoral thesis, relevant to the major of political economy and does not overlap with any works published previously Purposes and tasks of the study Purposes: The thesis clarifies the theoretical and practical basis for industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta On that basis, it proposes the solutions to promoting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta in the coming time Tasks Firstly, the thesis gives an overview of the research situation related to industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta; it also indicates the issues that need to be further addressed Secondly, the thesis analyses the theoretical basis of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta; it provides the concept, content, criteria and factors affecting the industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta Thirdly, the thesis makes surveys at some areas in the country on industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas to draw lessons for industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta in the coming years 3 Fourthly, the thesis analyses and assesses the situation and the issues that need to be solved in the process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta in recent years Fifthly, the thesis proposes views and solutions to promoting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta in the coming time Object and scope of the study Object Industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas Scope In terms of content: The thesis focuses on studying the basic contents of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta such as: Innovating and applying scientific and technological advances in agricultural production and rural economy; economic restructuring, agricultural and rural labour structure; build appropriate production relations to improve and complete the rural infrastructure system In terms of space: The thesis conducts the surveys in 11 provinces and cities in the Red River Delta including: Hanoi City, Vinh Phuc Province, Bac Ninh Province, Quang Ninh Province, Hai Phong City, Hai Duong Province, Hung Yen Province, Thai Province Binh, Ha Nam, Nam Dinh and Ninh Binh In terms of time: Surveying and evaluating the process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta from 2011 to 2018, proposing views and solutions to 2030 Theoretical, practical basis and research methodology Theoretical basis: The thesis is based on the theoretical basis of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh ideology and views, policies and guidelines of the Communist Party of Vietnam on industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in particular Practical basis: The thesis is completed basing on the survey, the author's investigation and the summarized reports, statistics of the ministries, central agencies and departments, provinces and cities under the Red River Delta in terms of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas 4 Research methodology: The following methods are made used of to accomplish the thesis’s tasks and purposes: Method of dialectical and historical materialism Methods of scientific abstraction Methods of analysis - synthesis Method of history - logics Method of statistics - comparison New contributions of the thesis Firstly, the thesis generalizes and clarifies some basic issues on the theory of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas; build concepts, clarify the content, identify the system of evaluation criteria and factors affecting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta Secondly, the thesis analyses the experience of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in some areas in Vietnam, from which lessons can be applied to specific conditions of the Red River Delta in the process of promoting industrialization of agricultural and rural areas; it also points out the contradictions that need to be focused on solving from the situation of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta in the recent years Thirdly, the thesis proposes the major views and solutions in a comprehensive, specific and feasible way to promote industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta to 2025 and a vision to 2030 Theoretical and practical significance of the study Theoretical significance: The thesis contributes to supplementing and completing the theoretical issues on industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in general, and that in the Red River Delta in particular Practical significance: The thesis can be used as a reference for researching and teaching political economy; the proposed views and solutions can be suggested to the state management agencies in the provinces and cities in the Red River Delta for reference appropriate to the practical conditions of each locality to promote industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the coming time The structure of the thesis The thesis includes: Introduction, chapters (10 periods), conclusions, and a list of published works related to the thesis topic, a list of references and appendices 5 Chapter OVERVIEW OF THE THESIS-RELATED RESEARCH SITUATION 1.1 The research works abroad related to the thesis 1.1.1 The works on agriculture, farmers and rural areas There have been many scientific works worldwide on industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas Here are some typical works: Things never stop: Indian agriculture under structural reform by Servas Storm (1995); A number of agricultural, farmer and rural issues in countries and in Vietnam by Benedict J Terria Kerrkvliet and Jemescott (2003); Agricultural policy reform and structural adjustment by Hanho Kim, Yong-Kee Lee (2003); Land reform and the development of commercial agriculture in Vietnam: policy and issues by Sally P Marsh and T Gordon MacAulay (2006); Rural non-farm livelihoods in transition economies: emerging issues and policies by Junior Davis (2006) 1.1.2 The research works on industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas The industrialization of agriculture: Implications for future policy by Allan W Gray and Michael D Boehlje (2007); Modern agriculture and its benefits - trend, Implications and Outlook by William C.otes (2010); Industrialization of Agriculture; Consequences and Challenges of Sustainability by John Ikerd (2013); Modernization of Agricultural and Sustainable Agricultural by Dariusz Kusz (2014); Impact of Agricultural Modernization, Economic Growth and Industrialization on the International Competitiveness of Agricultural by Weiming Yao (2015); 1.2 The research works at home related to the thesis 1.2.1 The research works on agriculture, rural areas and farmers Developing commodity agriculture in Vietnam the situation and solution" by Tran Xuan Chau (2003); "Agriculture, rural areas, Vietnamese farmers in the process of national development towards modernization" by Nguyen Danh Son (2010); "Issues of agriculture, farmers, rural Vietnam: Theory and Practice" by Do Mai Thanh (2011); "Developing rural economy in Quang Binh province in the process of industrialization and modernization" by Nguyen Cao Chuong (2012); “Capital for agricultural and rural economic development in Yen Bai province" by Tran Thi Ngoc Minh (2012); "Researching the trend of changing agricultural labour jobs in the Red River Delta" by Tran Gia Long (2013), "Development of agriculture and rural Vietnam today: Concerns and reflections" by Vu Trong Khai (2015), "Innovating human resource training in the field of agricultural and rural development in Vietnam in the context of the fourth industrial revolution" by Nguyen Quoc Ngu (2017); "Centralized accumulation of agricultural land: forms and solutions" by Nguyen Do Anh Tuan (2017) 1.2.2 The research works on industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas "Promoting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the new period" by Le Quang Phi (2007); "Industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas From theory to reality in Vietnam today" by Pham Ngoc Dung (2011); "Vocational training for rural workers in the Red River Delta during the period of industrialization and modernization" by Nguyen Van Dai (2012); "Restructuring rural economy in Nam Dinh province in the process of industrialization and modernization" by Nguyen Thi Thanh Tam (2012); "Restructuring the rural economy in Hai Duong towards industrialization and modernization in the current context" by Nguyen Trong Thua (2012); "Provincial Party Committees of the Red River Delta lead to accelerate industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the current period" by Nguyen Thi To Uyen (2012); "Restructuring land use structure in the Red River Delta in the process of agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization" by Pham Thi Huong (2013) 1.3 Overview of the results of the published works previously and the issues need further dealing with 1.3.1 Overview of the results of the published works related to the thesis By different ways of researching, the above-mentioned works abroad and at home mentioned quite comprehensively the issues of agriculture, rural and industrialization, modernization of agriculture and rural areas The aforementioned studies have made practical contributions in theory, current situation and solutions of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas 1.3.2 The issues need further dealing with in this study The following things should be done in the thesis: Firstly, what is the concept, content, criteria to evaluate industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta? Secondly, which factors affect the process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta? In order to promote industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas, the Red River Delta needs to refer to experience and what lessons can be learned in the coming years? Thirdly, what is the current situation of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta? What are the issues that need to be addressed in the future? Fourthly, what are the views and solutions for the localities in the Red River Delta in order to promote industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the coming years? Conclusion of chapter In this chapter, the thesis’s author has synthesized, systematized and generalized the results of foreign and domestic scientific works related to industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas on different approaches In the abovementioned works, the doctoral student found that there were not many basic, systematic and intensive research projects on industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas, and so far there have been no scientific works on industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas under the perspective of political economy Therefore, it can be included that the thesis entitled: "Industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta" is original and does not overlap with scientific works published previously The thesis has great theoretical and practical significance in the current period Chapter THE THEORETICAL BASIS ON INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL AREAS IN THE RIVER DELTA AND THE PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE 2.1 The concept of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas 2.1.1 The concept of industrialization and modernization From a systematic and historical approach, based on Vietnamese practices, the Seventh Central Executive Committee Meeting, Session VII (January 1994) affirmed: Industrialization and modernization is a process of fundamentally and comprehensively changing the production and business activities, services and socioeconomic management from manual labour as the main labour to a common use of labour and technology, and modern methods, based on the development of industry and scientific and technological advances, creating high labour productivity for the society Therefore, industrialization and modernization in our country have many characteristics in terms of content, form, scale, implementation method and strategic goals These specific features are shown in some major points as follows: Firstly, the process of industrialization and modernization in our country is a vast, complicated and comprehensive process Secondly, industrialization and modernization are conducted simultaneously and synchronously in harmony In the context of globalization, the scientific and technological revolution is powerfully taking place, our country cannot wait for the implementation of industrialization and modernization to proceed to the modernization, and thus they must be conducted at the same time Thirdly, the process of industrialization and modernization in our country needs and can be "shortened" To shorten the process of industrialization and modernization is an objective requirement for the country to escape the state of lagging behind and underdeveloped 2.1.2 The conception of agriculture and rural areas 2.1.2.1 The conception of agriculture The conception of agriculture is defined as: Agriculture is the basic material production of society, using land and labour to create food, and some raw materials for industry Hence, agriculture is one of the three basic branches of the production industries of society; agriculture produces food, and raw materials for industrial production 2.1.2.2 The conception of countryside The conception of rural areas is understood as: Rural areas are areas of territorial space outside urban areas and townships, which are managed by grassroots administrative levels as commune People's Committees Low population, agricultural production as the main, have a strong relationship with the village, based on traditional cultural identity 9 Thus, by nature, rural areas are large areas of land, often surrounded by urban areas (cities, towns, industrial parks) Different rural areas are also different in land fund, topography, hydrological climate, and resources Regarding the socio-economy, the main economic activity of rural residents is farming and the main income is from agriculture Rural economic and social infrastructure often has a different appearance and a lower level of development compared to that of the urban areas 2.1.3 The conception of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas 2.1.3.1 The conception of industrialization and modernization of agriculture The Communist Party of Vietnam’s opinion on industrialization and modernization of agriculture is that: industrialization and modernization of agriculture are the process of restructuring agricultural economy towards large commodity production, associated with processing industry and market ; implement mechanization, electrification and irrigation, apply scientific, biotechnological and technological achievements to bring modern equipment, techniques and technologies into agricultural production stages to improve productivity, quality, efficiency and competitiveness of commodity agricultural products on the market On that basis, industrialization and modernization of agriculture are measures and ways to fundamentally change the nature, methods, production structure, as well as the organization of production management of a self-sufficient production agriculture, self-reliant, based mainly on natural conditions with manual techniques to a large commodity-producing agriculture with advanced technology and technology, which is mechanization, automation, electrification, biochemistry, and artificial intelligence into the production and manufacture of the agriculture 2.1.3.2 The conception of industrialization and modernization of rural areas The Resolution of the 5th Central Conference (Session IX) of the Communist Party of Vietnam indicated that: Industrialization and modernization of rural areas is a process of restructuring rural economy towards increasing the proportion of product and labour value industries and services; gradually reducing the proportion of agricultural products and labour; building socio-economic infrastructure, planning rural development, protecting the ecological environment; reorganizing production and building appropriate production relations; building a democratic, fair and civilized countryside, constantly improving the material and cultural life of the people in rural areas 10 Industrialization and rural modernization are basically changing the traditional rural areas, industrialization and rural modernization taking place together with the process of urbanization, changing the social system in various aspects: centralizing the production, thus centralizing the population; labour structure gradually shifted from mainly agricultural labour to non-agricultural labour (industry and services in rural areas); strongly develop the modern-oriented socio-economic infrastructure 2.1.3.3 The conception of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas From the above-mentioned views on industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas, this thesis’s author claims that: Industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas are the process of transformation from an outdate agricultural production and rural economy with low labour productivity to a production based on the application of advanced modern scientifictechnological advances to the stages of the production process; building new and improved production relations relevant to the modern rural infrastructure The aim of industrialization and modernization is to improve the social labour productivity and to build new and more advanced civilized and beautiful rural areas Thus, the features and goals of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas are demonstrated in the following: In terms of features and targets of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas, the process of changing the production methods in the field agriculture and rural areas are scattered from manual and small-scale labour with low levels of science and technology and low labour productivity to the popular production methods by more modern means, techniques and technologies with high productivity, quality, and efficiency 2.2 The conception, the content and the factors affecting the process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta 2.2.1 The conception of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta Based on the Party and scientists’ views on industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas presented in the previous section, the thesis’s author provides the following conception of this term: Industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta is a process of transforming from an underdeveloped and outdate rural economy to a modern economy with high productivity, quality and efficiency It combines agricultural development with industry, services and markets, 11 applying scientific and technological advances in the production process, building appropriate new production relationships, perfecting rural infrastructure so as to make the Red River Delta become a modern-oriented industrial region 2.2.2 The content of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta Based on the above-mentioned conception of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas, industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta are conducted with the following points: 2.2.2.1 Innovating and applying scientific and technological` advances, realizing mechanization and biochemistry in agricultural and rural production The content of innovation and application of scientific and technological advances to agricultural and rural production processes such as: Strengthening the mechanization of soil preparation, harvesting in cultivation and mechanization in husbandry, ensuring supply supplying electricity for production and daily life of people, developing irrigation systems in service of production and applying modern achievements of biotechnology to all stages of production and processing , preserve to consume products, in order to improve labour productivity and product value, improve the competitiveness of goods in the market This content is assessed on the following criteria: mechanized and biochemical percentages and percentages of stages in the production process 2.2.2.2 Restructuring economic structure, agricultural and rural labour structure in the Red River Delta towards modernization Firstly, restructuring the agricultural and rural economy The transformation of agricultural economics restructuring in the Red River Delta is the process of changing the proportion of agricultural economics, forestry, fisheries and internal engineering structure of agricultural sub-sectors Evaluation criteria are defined in the proportion of agriculture, forestry and fisheries in the direction of industrialization and modernization Second, internal restructuring of the agricultural sector Internal restructuring of agricultural sub-sectors is to change the value and proportion of contributions in each crop and livestock sector; forestry and fisheries in the direction of industrialization and modernization Thirdly, restructuring the rural economy 12 The transformation of rural technical infrastructure in the Red River Delta is the process of changing the value and proportion of economic sectors including agriculture; industry; trade - services in GRDP in rural areas towards industrialization and modernization Criteria for evaluating rural economic restructuring in the direction: Relatively reducing the value and proportion of agriculture; increase the value, the proportion of industry, trade, services and other nonagricultural industries in rural areas Fourthly, restructure agricultural and rural labour The content of shifting agricultural and rural labour force in Red River Delta towards industrialization and modernization is to change the proportion of labour among rural economic sectors including (labour in agriculture, industry and services) and changing the proportion of trained labour in rural economic sectors towards industrialization and modernization Accordingly, the evaluation criteria are determined: Reduce the number, the percentage of labour in agriculture, increase the number of labour in industries, services and other non-agricultural industries in rural areas 2.2.2.3 Build new and advanced production relations The content of building new and improved production relations in the process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta is to: diversify forms of ownership such as: state ownership (full ownership) People), collective ownership, private ownership and mixed ownership associated with multi-sector economic development; renovating and organizing economic management in accordance with the conditions of the market economy and socialist orientation; diversify distribution mode Accordingly, the evaluation criteria are determined to be: efficiency in the implementation of various ownership and operation regimes of economic sectors; effectiveness of renovating economic management mechanisms; implement equitable distribution, reduce the gap between rich and poor, income and the results of implementation of social security policies 2.2.2.4 Building a rural infrastructure system in the Red River Delta Content of building and completing the rural infrastructure system in the Red River Delta includes: Implementing electrification and irrigation; developing rural transportation system; communications; education and training system; health care network for people; hunger eradication, poverty alleviation, unemployment and other types of socio-cultural services Accordingly, the evaluation criteria for building and completing the rural infrastructure system in the Red River Delta region in the direction of: The proportion of localities guaranteed electricity for 13 production and daily life of the people; number of pump stations, km of canals, dams, solidification rate of irrigation systems, meeting the requirements for agricultural production The level of completion of the rural transport system, education, health care, social culture 2.2.3 Factors affecting the process of accelerating agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization in the Red River Delta The process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta is influenced by many different factors In which both the objective and subjective factors The thesis has generalized into the following basic factors: (1) natural conditions in the Red River Delta (2) policy system for industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas (3) market economy, globalization and international economic integration (4) the development of science and technology of the world and the country (5) the leadership and direction of the Party committees, the management of governments at all levels in the Red River Delta (6) scale, the quality of human resources in localities in industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas (7) capital sources for industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas (8) customs, practices and lifestyles of rural people in RRD 2.3 The experiences on industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas and lessons learned for the Red River Delta 2.3.1 The experiences on industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas The thesis has conducted research on experiences of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in three regions of the country: North Central region; South Central Coast and Mekong Delta The thesis confirms that these regions have achieved certain successes in industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas From the successful experience in industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the three above-mentioned localities, the thesis’s author has generalized lessons for references in the Red River Delta 2.3.2 The lessons on industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas for the Red River Delta Firstly, attach importance to the elaboration of planning on agricultural and rural development Secondly, promote economic restructuring towards industrialization and modernization suitable to each locality Thirdly, focusing on developing and applying science and technology, promoting mechanization in production Fourthly, promote close links along the value chains in production 14 Conclusion of chapter In this chapter, the thesis has clarified general theoretical issues on industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas The thesis has also provided the conception of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta, indicating the objectives, subjects and methods of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas, with specific contents and criteria for evaluation; it has thoroughly analysed the basic factors affecting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta The thesis studies experiences on industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in three regions of the country: North Central Coast, South Central Coast and Mekong Delta On that basis, some lessons are drawn for references in the Red River Delta in the process of promoting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the years to come Chapter THE CURRENT SITUATION OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL AREAS IN THE RED RIVER DELTA 3.1 The achievements and shortcomings in the process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta 3.1.1 The achievements of the process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta 3.1.1.1 The Red River Delta has actively innovated and applied science and technology and promoted mechanization and biochemistry in agricultural production Firstly, the rate of mechanization in agricultural production in the Red River Delta is increasing Secondly, the application of biotechnology in farming, breeding, processing and preserving agricultural products has brought high economic efficiency Thirdly, actively apply science and technology in industrial production, cottage industries and handicrafts in rural areas 3.1.1.2 The economic structure, agricultural and rural labour structure in the Red River Delta has shifted towards industrialization and modernization 15 Firstly, the structure of agricultural economy has shifted in a positive direction Secondly, the internal structure of the agricultural sector has shifted towards promoting the advantages of each locality Thirdly, the rural economic structure has shifted positively, towards gradually raising the proportion of non-agricultural, forestry and fishery industries Fourthly, the structure of agricultural and rural labour in the Red River Delta has changed in a positive way 3.1.1.3 The construction of new production relations in the Red River Delta has made a number of progresses Firstly, the ownership relationship in industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta has had diverse developments Secondly, the management regime has changed basically Thirdly, a variety of distribution forms have been implemented 3.1.1.4 The system of rural infrastructure in the Red River Delta has been increasingly developed Firstly, the electricity network has covered most rural areas in the Red River Delta Secondly, the irrigation system in the Red River Delta is constantly being improved, actively applying high technology in irrigation and crop care Thirdly, the rural transportation system is increasingly completed and solidified Fourthly, the school system in rural areas is developed and solidified Fifthly, the grassroots health system in the Red River Delta continues to be developed Sixthly, the system of cultural facilities has been strengthened Seventh, the system of markets and production support services in rural areas has been basically developed 3.1.2 The shortcomings in industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta 3.1.2.1 The level of innovation and application of scientific and technological advances in agricultural production and rural economy is still insufficient 16 Firstly, the rate of mechanization and application of biotechnology in the stages of the production process has not reached the required target Secondly, rural industrial production, handicrafts using old and out-dated technology are still quite popular Thirdly, the environmental pollution in industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas has not been completely solved 3.1.2.2 The shift of economic and labour has not met the requirements of agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization Firstly, restructuring of agricultural economy remains slow Secondly, the proportion of agriculture in the economic structure is still large, industry and services in rural areas are underdeveloped Thirdly, the structure and quality of labour have not yet met the requirements of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas 3.1.2.3 The building new production relations shows several shortcomings Firstly, the state economy has not really played a leading role, the cooperative economy has low business efficiency and the individual economy is still discriminated Secondly, macroeconomic and micro management in the Red River Delta region are still inadequate Third, the distribution problem is insufficient; the gap between rich and poor is still large 3.1.2.4 The rural infrastructure in the Red River Delta is not comprehensive development Firstly, the rural transportation system has not been completed Secondly, the irrigation system in Red River Delta has not met the requirements of irrigation and drainage for agricultural production Thirdly, the quantity and quality of educational institutions at all levels of development are not comprehensive Fourthly, the health sector, clean water system is underdeveloped Fifthly, the system of cultural and information institutions has not yet met the criteria for building a new countryside Sixthly, the market system and services to support agricultural production in rural areas are underdeveloped 17 3.2 The causes of achievements, limitations and the issues need solving in the process of agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization in the Red River Delta 3.2.1 The causes of achievements and limitations in the process of agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization in the Red River Delta 3.2.1.1 The causes of the achievement * Objective causes Firstly, the achievements of socio-economic development in recent years have created favourable conditions for industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta Secondly, the improved mechanisms and policies have positively impacted the process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas Thirdly, thanks to the positive impact of the market economy and international economic integration Fourthly, thanks to the strong development of science and technology * Subjective causes Firstly, the leadership and direction of the provinces and cities in the Red River Delta are promoted in the process of promoting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas Secondly, the officials and people of the provinces and cities in the Red River Delta actively and actively innovate and apply scientific and technological advances in production 3.2.1.2 The causes of limitations * Objective causes Firstly, due to the negative impact of the natural conditions in the Red River Delta, it has greatly affected the agricultural economics restructuring process Secondly, due to limited capital, it does not meet the requirements for agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization * Subjective causes Firstly, the work of planning and management of agricultural and rural development planning in the Red River Delta is still limited Secondly, because the quality of agricultural and rural human resources in the Red River Delta has not met the requirements of agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization Thirdly, due to the lack of cooperation among the involved subjects in agricultural production and different industries in rural areas 18 3.2.2 The issues need solving in the process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta presently From the situation of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta, there are contradictions that need addressing in the coming years as follows: Firstly, the conflict between the objectives and requirements of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas and the ability of science and technology and application in the Red River Delta Secondly, the conflict between objectives and requirements of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas and the reality of human resource quality in the Red River Delta Thirdly, the conflict between the objectives and requirements of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas and the reality of capital resources in the Red River Delta Fourthly, the conflict between the objectives and requirements of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta with the current system of mechanisms and policies is not synchronized Fifthly, the conflict between the objectives and requirements of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta with the development of small-scale markets at present Conclusion of chapter The thesis has analysed and assessed the current situation of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas from 2011 to 2017 and indicated the achievements, the shortcomings, and their causes Based on the analysis of the current situation and the causes for achievements and limitations, the thesis has analysed five issues that need solving in the industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta, which serve as the foundations for the thesis’s author to propose views and solutions to promoting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta in the years to come Chapter VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTING INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL AREAS IN THE RED RIVER DELTA IN THE COMING TIME 19 4.1 The viewpoints of promoting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta in the coming time 4.1.1 Prioritize the development of production forces and promote economic restructuring in the Red River Delta towards large-scale production of goods with high quality and efficiency Developing a productive force plays an important role and is a decisive factor in the successful implementation of agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization in the coming years Thoroughly grasping this view, need to well implement some of the following objectives and requirements: Firstly, developing human resources, especially the high-quality human ones, is a breakthrough in the process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta Secondly, giving priority to developing and applying science and technology widely in industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta Thirdly, restructuring the economy in the Red River Delta towards large-scale commodity production associated with improving quality and efficiency 4.1.2 Promote the strengths of all economic sectors, attaching importance to the development of the private economy, industrial development, and services closely associated with agricultural and rural development Promoting the potential strengths of all economic sectors, attaching importance to strongly developing the private economy, types of enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises in rural areas, developing industrial and integrated services and support for agriculture and rural areas, encourage, support and facilitate the development of cooperative economy and cooperatives These are important issues in industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas Therefore, the Red River Delta localities thoroughly understand and implement the following objectives and requirements: Firstly, creating favourable conditions and encouraging all economic sectors to develop in industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas Secondly, developing industry, service and infrastructure construction must be closely linked with agricultural and rural development Thirdly, encouraging and supporting the expansion of cooperation in the stages of the production process 4.1.3 Develop rural infrastructure in the direction of modernization, closely combine economic development with solving social problems, improving farmers’ physical and spiritual life 20 Rural infrastructure plays an important role and position, which serve as the basis to facilitate the implementation of agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization Therefore, the development of rural infrastructure in close association with socio-economic issues is a strategic content in industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta Accordingly, the provinces and cities in the Red River Delta need to fulfil the following requirements: Firstly, prioritize the development of rural infrastructure to meet the requirements of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas Secondly, form cultural and social life and develop human resources of agriculture and rural areas 4.1.4 The industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta must ensure the comprehensiveness and synchronization of focal points and focal points, suitable to each locality Industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas are an integral part of the country's industrialization and modernization process The process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta lies in the overall process of industrialization and modernization of the RRDR Therefore, promoting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta must be conducted synchronously, comprehensively and with key points, as well as identify breakthroughs of each locality Thoroughly understanding this view, the Red River Delta needs to fulfil a number of requirements as follows: Firstly, promoting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta must be conducted synchronously Secondly, ensuring the comprehensive process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta Thirdly, promote the strengths of each locality to identify breakthroughs in the process of promoting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta 4.2 Solutions to promote industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta in the coming time 4.2.1 Complete agricultural and rural planning to meet the requirements of agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization in the Red River Delta On the basis of the socio-economic development planning of the Red River Delta region already approved by the Prime Minister until 2020 For the Red River Delta localities continue to review, adjust and perfect the agricultural and rural development planning for suitable with 21 the general planning of the region and in accordance with specific conditions of each locality This is an important solution, which is the basis for promoting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta in the right direction, with focus, focus and ensuring efficiency In order to implement this solution, the Red River Delta needs to focus on Some specific measures as follows 4.2.1.1 Completing the agricultural development planning in accordance with the advantages of the Red River Delta, creating favourable conditions for accelerating industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas 4.2.1.2 Completing the planning for development of industries, handicrafts, traditional craft villages in the rural areas of the Red River Delta 4.2.1.3 Complete the planning on development of commercial services in rural areas 4.2.1.4 Planning must ensure close links between localities and implementation of regional links 4.2.2 Diversifying forms of capital mobilization to meet the requirements of agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization in the Red River Delta In recent years, the industrialization and agricultural and rural modernization system in the Red River Delta has achieved many important achievements, so it is an effort to mobilize capital from the State budget, the government and people in the provinces and cities in the RRDR However, the capital mobilized in recent years has not been able to meet the requirements Therefore, to meet the capital needs in industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas, the Red River Delta needs to focus on the following solutions: 4.2.2.1 State budget capital 4.2.2.2 Mobilized from credit capital 4.2.2.3 Mobilizing capital from businesses 4.2.2.4 Mobilizing capital from people 4.2.2.5 Mobilized from foreign capital 4.2.3 Actively research, transfer science and technology, promote mechanization and widely apply biotechnology in agricultural production and rural economy Science and technology are the foundation and driving force that directly impact the process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta The biochemistry of agricultural production in the RRDR plays an important role In order to innovate and apply scientific and technological advances to agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization in the coming time, some following measures should be well implemented: 22 4.2.3.1 Promote research and transfer of science and technology for agricultural production in the Red River Delta 4.2.3.2 Promote mechanization in the stages of production 4.2.3.3 Promote research and application of biotechnology in agricultural production 4.2.4 To strongly develop industries, cottage industries and handicrafts, traditional trade villages, creating a driving force for economic and agricultural labour restructuring in the direction of industrialization and modernization in the Red River Delta The restructuring of technical infrastructure and labour force is an important content in industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta In order to shift the technical structure, labour force takes place quickly, requiring localities to promote the strong development of industry, small industry, trade and services, promoting the potential strengths of traditional trade villages In recent years, these content localities in the Red River Delta have actively implemented and achieved some important achievements However, the pace of industrial, commercial and service development in rural areas has not yet reached the goals and requirements Therefore, in the coming years, the following major measures should be focused on: 4.2.4.1 Industrial development, rural service infrastructure 4.2.4.2 Developing traditional craft villages, diversifying new trades suitable to the market and characteristics of each locality 4.2.4.3 Paying attention to developing and expanding agricultural consumption markets both at home and abroad 4.2.5 Developing human resources, especially high-quality human resources to meet the requirements of agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization in the Red River Delta In the past years, with the attention of the Party, the state and localities in the Red River Delta, the quality of human resources has improved; the percentage of trained workers has been raised However, the percentage of untrained labour in agriculture and rural areas is still quite high The problem is to develop human resources, especially quality human resources to meet the requirements of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas are currently required Therefore, to develop human resources in the Red River Delta in the coming years should implement some of the following solutions: 4.2.5.1 Strongly renew state management on human resource development 4.2.5.2 Further renovate the work of education and training 23 4.2.5.3 Integrate the process of training and developing human resources with the use and remuneration policies for employees 4.2.6 Further improve and modernize the rural infrastructure system and effectively implement the National Target Program on new rural construction In the process of implementing policies and industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas; building a new countryside of the Party In recent years, the Red River Delta has focused on developing rural infrastructure systems for industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas However, the current rural infrastructure system does not meet the objectives and requirements which have been set Accordingly, the localities should effectively implement some of the following solutions: Firstly, complete the development of the rural transport network in the Red River Delta Secondly, develop the electricity network and telecommunication system Third, develop irrigation systems, water supply and drainage systems in rural areas Fourthly, develop and modernize the health network, improve the quality of spiritual and cultural life for the people Fifthly, implement effectively the contents of the National Target Program on new rural construction Conclusion of chapter To successfully fulfil the objectives of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta in the coming years, the thesis has proposed a number of views and solutions to develop industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta in the coming years The views and solutions stated in the thesis are derived from the practical analysis of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta in recent years Each viewpoint and solution has its own important position and at the same time has an interactive relationship with each other Therefore, when implemented, they need to be conducted synchronously However, it is possible to select and prioritize appropriate solutions to bring about high efficiency in the process of promoting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas, depending on the characteristics and situation of each locality CONCLUSION Industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas are the Party’s major policy in order to promote economic development In the process of leading the country, with a thorough awareness of our country's characteristics stepping up to socialism from an outdate agriculture, the Communist Party of Vietnam has always affirmed the importance of agriculture and farmers, and rural areas Our Party considers 24 industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas as an important task of the country's industrialization and modernization process; an important basis and force for socio-economic development, political stability, national defence and security, promotion of national cultural identity and protection of ecological environment In the past years, implementing the Central Resolution (Session IX) on promoting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas and localities in the Red River Delta has actively implemented many specific solutions and achieved the important achievements However, the implementation process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas also revealed some certain limitations, which have not reached the required targets These achievements and limitations are due to many reasons, including both objective and subjective causes The process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta raises a number of issues that need to be addressed, especially in the context of market economy, international economic integration and the impact of the fourth industrial revolution In order to overcome the limitations as well as to address the current issues, the thesis has proposed a number of views and solutions to promoting industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta in the coming years To make the Red River Delta become a modern industrial zone Researching industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta has profound meaning in both theory and practice, which is a big problem Thus, there are inevitable errors during the process of carrying out the thesis The author hopes to receive the attention and comments of scientists so that the thesis might achieve the goals set previously  ... countries and in Vietnam by Benedict J Terria Kerrkvliet and Jemescott (2003); 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