TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE - S 11 - T R U I N G DAI HQC PHAM V A N D O N G NHU>JG NET NOI BAT CUA PHONG TRAO CHAN H U N G THV'C N G H I E P NAM KY 30 NAM DAU THE KY XX Trdn Thi Kim Phugng' TOM TAT Phong trdo chdn th^c nghiep d&i gdn lien vdi trdo lieu tdn cdi cdch theo khuynh hu&ng ddn chu tu sdn & Viet Nam ddu thi ky XX Hogt dgng chdn thuc nghiep & Nam Ky la mdt bd phgn cua phong trdo ndy nhtmg cd nhiing net rieng Ndi dung vd hinh thirc hogt ddng cua phong trdo chdn thuc nghiep & Nam Ky vdo ddu the ky XX co tinh hien dgi han Bdc Ky vd Trung Ky Bdo chi dd ddng mgt vai tro quan trong cugc van dgng ndy Mgt sd ITnh vuc kinh doanh Id net riing cua hogt dgng chdn thvc nghidp & Nam Ky sau Chien tranh thi gi&i thir nhdt: tdi chinh — ngdn hdng, ky nghe dien vd xay xat ggo, kinh doanh ddn dien Nam Ky Id nai m& ddu phong trdo ddu tranh tdy chay hdng ngogi hoa (1919), ddu tranh true dien v&i chinh quyin thuc ddn de xda bo dgc quyen cda tu bdn Phdp vd tu bdn Hoa kieu tren mgt sd ITnh vuc; giai cdp tu sdn thdnh lap ddng chinh tri (Bdng Lap Men) di bdo vi quyen lgi cho giai cdp minh Tu khoa: Buy tdn, chdn himg thuc nghiep, tu sdn Nam Ky MO DAU Tu gifia the ky XDC, nude ta bi thuc ddn Phdp xdm luge Phong ttdo ddu tranh chdng Phdp cua nhdn ddn Viet Nam diln lien tyc, mgnh me ttong nua sau the kJ XIX vdi dinh cao la phong ttao Can Vuang (1885-1896) nhung tdt cd diu khdng thdnh edng Sy thdt bai cua phong ttao Cdn Vuong khdng dinh dudng efiu nude dudi ngpn cd phong kidn khdng edn phu hgp, nhan dan Vidt Nam can phdi tim kilm mpt dudng ciiu nude mdi tien bp han Dap ung yeu cdu Ijch su do, vdo ddu thi ky XX, ttdo luu tdn eai each theo khuynh hudng tu sdn ddi, phong ttao Duy Tan (1903-1908) xudt hidn nhdm tiiuc Men ede bidn phap cuu nude kit hgp vdi tan, dd Id: khai dan tn, chdn ddn khi, hdu ddn sinh Theo phong trdo nay, dl gianh dugc dpc lap vd dan chu, cude dau ttanh khdng eM didn tten edc ITnh vuc quan sy, chinh tri ma didn ttdn cac Imh vuc kinh te, van hda Vi vay, gan liln vdi phong trao Duy Tdn, hoat ddng chdn thyc ngMep timg budc hmh thdnh va phat trien ttd phong ttdo cd quy md toan qude Thue chat cua ehdn thye nghiep Id khdi phye, phat tridn kinh tl theo hudng Men dai (tu ban chii nghia), ldm eho dan giau va nude thinh, van minh (thuc sdn ngMep, phu ddn cudng qude) Day la dieu kidn de gianh vd bdo vd ndn dde lgp dan tpc Phong ttao chan thuc nghiep didn tu dau the ky XX cac Nho sT ydu nude tidn bd khdi xudng, dugc giai cdp tu sdn dan t^e kd thua va phat trien sau Chiln ttanh thd gidi thu nhat Phong ttao diln vdi nMdu ndi dung vd hinh thuc ngdy cang phong phii rihu tuydn truydn ed dpng thuc nghipp, kinh doanh san xudt, ddu ttanh chong tu bdn nude ngodi (Hoa kidu, An kieu, tu ban Phap), • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 41 TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE - SO 11 - TRU'O'NG BAI HOC PHAM VAN B O N G " ddi thye dan Phdp ban bd nhung quyen tv dan chu ttong kinh doanh dl gidnh lgi lgi quydn eho ddn tdc va giai cap Trong bdi canh chung do, hogt ddng ehdn thye ngMpp diln d Nam Ky gdn lidn vdi dilu kidn Heh sfi dgc thu Ddy la vung ddt cd truyin thdng thuang mai ttong Heh sfi, ttd thugc dia eua Phap tfi rdt sdm% phuang thfie san xudt tu ban chd nghTa du nhap vao Nam Ky sdm nhdt so vdi Bdc Ky va Trung Ky \ ^ vgy phong ttao chan thyc nghiep d Nam Ky cd nhung net ridng vd phan lanh dao, thdi gian khdi xudng, npi dung ciing hinh thfie the Men da dang vd tinh hidn dai cao han so vdi Bac Ky vd Trung Ky NHOJG NET NOI B^T CUA PHONG TRAO CHAN HUNG TH^TC NGHIEP NAM KY 2.1 Phong ttao chan thyc ngMep ddi gdn liln vdi phong ttdo Duy Tan d Viet Nam (1903-1908) khdi ddu tu Trung Ky va phat trien Bac Ky rdi lan tda vao Nam Ky Hoat dpng chdn thyc nghidp d Nam Ky la mdt bd phan ciia phong ttdo ndy Tuy nMdn, d Nam K^, y thuc chdn thuc nghiep hinh thdnh s&m han Trung Ky vd Bdc K^ vdi sy ddi eiia td bao Ndng cd dam vdo ndm 1901 Luang Khdc Ninh lam chii but vdi myc dich hd hao chdn thyc ngMpp di^ canh tranh vdi m sdn Hoa kilu va An kieu, bdo vd Igi ich kinh tl cua ngudi Viet Lien tuc ttdn cac sd bao tfi 1901, Luang Khdc Ninh dd cd ddng canh tdn ve kinh td, dl eao vai ttd cua nghi • Nam 1862: ba rink miin Bdng Nam Ky ihu^c Phdp din nSm 1874 Lvc linh Nam Ky hi Phap cat Irj " D Trung Ky chu tnnmg (A[re ngkifp ddi gSn liin voi thuyil Tam ddn (khai dan tri, thdn ddn hgu ddn smh) vao nam 1903 ciia Phan Chdu Trmh Bdc Ky the kiin tac pham Van mink Idn kpc sdch dm nam 1904 42 budn, ho hdo hiin vdn Idn dB kinh doanh nhdm thu ldi Idn vd bdi xich thuong nhSn Trung Hoa va An Dp Luang Khdc Ninh khdng dinh: "dai thuang la mdi Ipi ttong the gian, khdng cM ddi vdi lye tmh ma cac vuong qude khde deu ttgng vipc thuang cd" [1], hay "mudn cd tiln Miilu tM phai budn eho Idn, dy la thugng sach" [2], Trong bdi canh ngudi Trung Hoa thao tiing thi trucmg liia ggo, cdn ngudi An Do tM thu lgi Idn tfi boat dpng eho vay nang lai, Lucmg Khdc Ninh chu truong bai Trung Hoa, An Dd ttong budn ban [3] Chu truang da gdp phdn md dudng eho phong ttao Minh Tan ma cdt Idi la hoat ddng ehdn thuc ngMep dtri sau d Nam Ky Tuy y thuc ehdn thuc nghiep Mnh sdm hon Bac Ky va Tnmg Ky, nhung mdi din eudi ndm 1907, hogt dgng chan thue nghidp d Nam Ky moi hoa nhgp vao ttao luu yeu nude ciia dan tpc Vipt Nam sau Trdn Chdnh Chilu sang Hong Kdng de tham ttai Id Tran Chanh Tuyet dang du hpe, dugc Phan Bpi Chdu giac ngp, dng trd ve nude phat ddng phong ttdo Minh Tdn (tdn gpi ciia phong ttdo Duy Tan d Nam Ky) de hudng iing chii truang tdn cuu nude cua Phan Bpi Chau Myc dich va tdn cM eua phong ttao Minh Tdn la chdn cdng, ndng, thuang nghidp de canh tranh, tdy chay Hoa kidu vd An kieu, mong giup dd doanh nhan ngucri Viet ed thi ty minh kinh doanh kinh tl cho phu hgp vdi da tien hoa chung cua nhan loai Vi vdy, chdn thuc nghiep - hogt ddng chii yeu cua phong trdo Minh Tdn & Nam Ky chiu dnh hu&ng cua phdi Duy Tdn Hdi (1904-1912) Phan Bdi Chdu lanh dao JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA C O N G N G H E - S Q 11 - TRU'O'NG DAI HQC PHAM V A N B O N G 2.2 Khac vdi Bac va Trung Ky, nhung ngucri khdi xudng, lanh dgo phong ttao chdn thuc nghiep d Nam Ky khdng phai xudt than tfi van thdn, Nho sT yeu nude tien bp (nho sT, khoa bang, quan trudng ) ma hp la nhihig nha dien chu, huang chuc, vidn chuc, ed ngudi la tri thuc Tay hpe, ed ngudi Id tri thfie cuu hpc ddng thdi la tti thfie tdn hoe, hudng ung ehii tircmg tan cua Phan Bdi Chdu, Phan Chdu Trinh nhu Luang Khde Ninh'', Trdn Chanh Chilu'', Nguydn An Khuongf, Nguyin Chanh Sdt'^ Ddy la mot ttong nhiing nhan td Iam cho hogt dpng chdn thue nghipp d Nam Ky dien mgnh me va gat hai nhidu thdnh cdng hon so vdi ca nude vdn^ Ddy Id nhung td bao dupc xem la ca quan ngdn ludn cua phong ttdo Minh Tdn d Nam Ky Tren cac td nay, cac thdng tin kinh te ttong vd ngoai nude dugc ddng tai hdng ngay, giup nhdn dan nam bdt duge nhihig thdng tin kinh te mang tinh chat thai su Tu kMeh Id nhdn ddn tham gia vao hoat ddng ehan kinh te, hd hao him vdn kinh doanh Td Ndng Co ddm mdt vao 01/8/1901, ddy Id td bao kmh t l ddu tidn d nude ta Ten bao dugc in bang chu quoc ngfi, ben dudi la chfi Nong Cd ddm bang chft Han sau eung la mpt hang ehu Phap Chii nhiem: Canavaggio; Chu biit: Idn lugt ede ky gid Luang Khde Nmh, Trdn Chanh Chilu, Nguyin Chanh Sdt 2.3 Hoat ddng chdn thye Bdo eac so vao thu nam hang man Muc ngMep d Nam Ky ddu thd ky XX ehu yeu dich ciia viec lap td bdo dugc dien & khu vifc thi v&i quy md l&n ndi ro ttong dan xin phep gui Idn ehinh ITnh vuc hogt ddng da dgng vd hinh thiic to quydn thude dia la de tuyen troydn va ed chiic cao han so v&i Bdc Ky vd Trung Ky ddng ve "ky nghi vd thucmg cd (thuang mai)" nham "giiip cho ddn quoc phu Cac nha thyc nghiep Nam Ky da su cu&ng" [4] dyng bdo cM ds tuydn truydn tu tudng tan, cd dpng thuc nghiep, keu ggi mpi Tren td Ndng Cd ddm,ttongcac ngudi dan dgc bao de nam bdt thdng tin, mue "Thuang co ludn", Hiip thuang bdn dd hge nghd k>^ thuat, hpc budn ban va chieu, Lap thuong cugc da cho dang tdi cung dd md mang tri dc Bdo chi dong vai nhidu bai vidt noi ve each thuc lam kinh tro to l&n viec tuyen truyen vgn te, chi dan edeh ttdng cdy, khai phd dat dgng chdn thuc nghiip a Nam Ky, hoang, hiin vdn lap cac hdi budn theo Mnh nhu td Nong Cd dam, Luc Tinh tdn thuc cdng ty ed phdn, each budn ban dl canh ttanh vdi tu san Hoa kieu An kieu ' Luang Khdc Ninh da lot nghifp Trudng Le Myre de Vilers A nhu cac bdi; Th&i ndng tiiu thuyit, Ndng My Tho limg lam vifc a So Thirong chdnh va Too dn a Bin Tre ta vien Hpi dong Qudn hiil Nam Ky (1902) Hpi nghiip cdi lucmg Ndng nghiip ti nguyin ddng tir vdn Dong Dtrrmg (11)06) Ong vua Id mpt tri thuc Nho hpc vira Id m^l iri thuc Tdy hpc Nam Ky nong nghiep vuang chi giai '' Trdn Chdnh Chiiu tot nghifp trung hoc tai trucmg College trieu, Ndng nghi$p tucmg ti hdi Td d'Adran lim giao hpt, xa tradng thong ngon cho wen Tham bipi (Chu tinh) & Rgck Gid, ira thdnh diin chu lin, du^ vdo Ndng Cd ddm hoat dpng ttong thdi quoc tick Phdp nen ihaimg gpi Id Gilbert Chieu ' Nguyen An Khuang, nkd kpc chu Hdn tdn len kpc lgi gian khd ddi, tfi nam 1901 cho den nam truang College d'Adran, Id mpt dien chu, chuyin dfch tieu thuyit Trung Hoa sang tieng Vi$t Oigvua Id tri thue cifu kQC dong then Id tri thuc tdn hpc 'Nguyin Chdnk Sat Id Iri thiic cuu hpc dong th&l Id Iri thih lan hpc tac gid nhiiu lieu thuyet cklf Quae ngir, cBng Id mpt dich gid cd vdn Trung Hoa sang chit Quoi ngir '•' O Bdc Ky (.0 cac td bdo nha Ddng co timg bao, Difi Crpf tdn bdo cd ddng cdc hdi cd dpng tdn thyc nghiq) nhung Ididng phdi Id ccr quan ngon ludn ciia phong trdo Duy Tan Bdc Ky JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA C O N G NGHg - SO 11 - T R U I N G BAI HQC PHAM V A N B O N G 1924 Pham vi phd biln kha rdng, hdu khdp Lyc tinh Nong Cd ddm ddng mgt vai tto to Idn ttong cude Mmh Tdn, ed dgng chdn tiiue ngMpp d Nam Ky: ''Bay dung Id t& bdo kinh te Chuyen muc Thicang cd lugn ludn cd vi tri quan trgng nhdt, gi&i thiiu kinh nghiem, cd vu di vdo thuang tru&ng, canh ndng ^ nghe Bdn ddn chuyen muc "L&i rao", chira dung nhiiu thdng tin kinh ti phdc hga su chuyen bien ldnh ti - xd hgi xu Nam Ky" [5] Ben eanh td Nong Co ddm, mpt td bdo ndi tilng khae d Nam Ky tiidi ky ndy la td iiwc Tinh tdn vdn (19071924) Chu nMem bao Id dng Pierre Jeantet, ehu but Id dng Gilbert Chilu, Idn lugt din Dang Thuc Lieng, Luang Khdc Ninh; quan ly Nguyen An Khuang, bdo quan dat tai sd Amiral Krantz kl ben Nam Trung khach san Gidng nhu Nong Co ddm, Lyic Tinh tdn van la td bao nhdm de cd suy phong ttao Minh Tdn, nd eiing dugc xem nhu Id ca quan ngdn Man chinh thfie eua Hpi Minh Tan Tieu bidu eo Trdn Chdnh Chieu vdi tac pham Minh tdn tieu thuyet (ldi ndi vat vd ehu thuyet Minh Tdn): tap hgp eac bdi xa luan cua dng vilt cho td Luc Tinh tdn vdn vdi muc dich keu gpi ddng bao tham gia cupe Minh Tan Nhfing hoat ddng kmh te ciia cdng eude Minh Tan dugc ddng tdi lien tye dudi thdi dng G CMdu lam chfi but De kMch Id viec lam an mua ban, phat trien cdng nghe theo mye dieh tan, "tren bdo Luc Tinh tdn vdn co sdng kien de nhieu cugc thi, viit bdi tim hiiu vi cdch (cdy), nudi (con), sdn xudt (dd diing), cd gidi thu&ng Trin Luc Tinh tdn vdn thu&ng xuyin dang tdi cdc thdng tin ve mgi hogt dgng kinh doanh 44 cua cdc ca s& kinh doanh Tir sd 23, bdo Luc Tinh tdn vdn cho biet sdn sdng gi&i thiiu nhiing tiim budn, cii gui ve ghi rd hg tiem, ngdy khai truang, sd von" [6] Ghi nhan edng Iao ciia Trdn Chanh Chilu vd td Luc Tinh tdn vdn ddi vdi cdng cugc Minh Tan ttong hogt dgng chdn thuc nghidp d Nam Ky, Gido su Trdn Van Giau vilt: "Trong th&i gian ndy, t& Luc Tinh tdn vdn lgi la ta bdo ddng chu y nhdt, nhdt la Trdn Chdnh Chiiu ldm chU biit Ong Chiiu la ngu&i cdm ddu phong trdo Minh Tdn Chinh dng ndi rdng lap bdo di nham "bien cdi Nam nhdn ", khuyin khich ngu&i An Nam lo viec thuong mdi, hoc nghi nghiep md tranh dua quyin lgi voi Ch$t (Hoa kieu) v&i Chd (ngu&i Java), dng Chiiu chdng nhiing kiu ggi m& cugc Minh Tdn, md bdn thdn dng cUng lap hdng, keu hun, ddng th&i dng cUng keu goi mgi ngu&i gdp sue xdy dung nen quoc van" [7] Vdo ddu thd ky XX, kinh doanh cdng thuong ngMdp d Nam Ky ndi trpi nhdt ttong ca nude khdng ehi vdi eac mgt hang traydn tiidng nhu d Bdc Ky va Trung Ky, md tren nhiiu ngdnh sdn xudt mai CO thi cgnh tranh v&i hdng hda cua Hoa kiiu An kieu, Phdp Nhilu cdng ty mdi ddi va md rgng ve quy md san xuat, Cac hoat dpng kinh doanh, khdeh san, nha hdng, dich vu van tai, sdi ndi Nam Ky cd den hang ttam cdng ty, hang ehyc hdi budn, CO sd kinh doanh cua ngudi Viet ddi vd phdt triln Nhidu ca sd cdng thuang nghipp dugc xdy dung d khap Sai Gdn - Chg Ldn, Long An, My Tho, Sa Dec, Rach Gia, Bdn Tre, Bgc Lidu, VTnh Long Mpt sd CO sd kinh doanh ndi tiei^ nhu: Chieu Nam Ldu, hang xa phong Canard (Con vit) Nam Trang khach san, • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHg - S 11 - TRU&NG BAI HQC PHAM VAN D^NG Minh Tan khach san Nam Ky Minh Tdn cdng nghe Tan Hda thuang hdi, Minh Tdn thuong cude, Nam Ky thuong cupe, Y dugc cdng ty So vdi Bac Ky va Trung Ky thudng kinh doanh vd cae mat hang truyin thdng, thi Nam Ky loai hinh kinh doanh da dgng, trai rdng mpi Imh vue, dac bipt Id nhung khu vye ngudi Vi^t vdn ydu the, bj tu bdn chen ep nhu kinh doanh thdc gao (Minh Tan me coc tdng eupc), kinh doanh an udng, khdch san (CMeu Nam Ldu, Minh Tan khdeh san ), dich vy van tdi (Udc Ldp hoa thuyin), y dugc, sdn xuat xd phdng, in dn, thudc da, cbl tgo pha Ie Ngodi ra, nMdu logi Mnh kinh doanh ddu tidn xudt hien nhu td ehfic dao tgo nghd kinh doanh, kd toan, thud, tu van phap ludt, tham cM ca md hinh sieu tM (Nam Ky thuang cude) Vd mat hinh thuc to chuc ldnh doanh (quan he san xudt) d Nam Ky, tinh chdt tu ban ehu nghTa thd hien ro net han NMeu CO sd cong thuang d Nam Ky cd didu Id boat ddng gidng nhu edc edng ty cua m san Phap Tieu bieu nhat la Minh Tdn cdng nghe Bieu le cong ty gdm dogn, 24 khodn; dogn I de cgp din my.c dich cita Minh Tdn Cdng nghi; dogn II de cgp din cdch hiin vdn; doan III ve moi lgi ddnh cho nhirng ngu&i cophdn hiin vd cdc ca s& cdng ty lgp ra; dogn IV noi ve le ldi, cdch thuc qudn tri cdng ty; dogn V vi cdch gui tien & ngdn hdng; doan VI vi cdch chia l&i; dogn VII vi cdch gidi the vd dogn VIII ve cdch dn djnh luang bdng cho ngu&i ldm viec [8] Ddy la mgt phuong thuc td ehue kinh doanh tan tidn, md phdng theo each quan tti cdng ty, xi ngMep ldn cua tu bdn Phdp md luc dd ddi vdi doanh nhdn ngudi Viet edn rat xa la Cdng ty cd sd vdn ed dinh la 1.000 ddng va mdi phdn him khong dudi 10 ddng (bdng 25 quan tidn - France) Minh Tan cdng nghd to chfie sdn xuat va kinh doanh da Imh vyc, Idp cae 16, xudng san xuat nhu: 16 keo spi, 16 may chi (mdy keo sgi bong vdi), 16 xd phong, lam pha le, lam didm, Ben egnh dd, cdng ty cdn to chuc dao tao ngudn nhan lyc co ttinh dd, giao dye hudng ve thyc nghipp, nhdm phdt ttiln thi lyc canh ttanh vdi tu bdn Phdp vd Hoa kilu Hogt ddng sdn xudt kinh doanh eua cdng ty didn manh me, cd kha nang eanh ttanh vdi hang hda cua Phap vd Hoa kilu Khdng chi ddy manh kinh doanh, cac nhd thyc ngMep d N^n Ky cdn hd hao tdy chay hdng hda cua Hoa Ideu, keu gpi dimg hdng npi hda Ddy la mdt net khdc biet so vdi Bdc Ky vd Trung Ky Bdi vi tu san ngudi Hoa da nam nhihig vai tto then ehdt ttong nin kmh tl Sdi Gdn, dac biet ttong edc Imh vuc thuong nghiep, dich vy, mpt sd nganh cdng ngMep vd tidu thu cdng nghidp d Nam Ky dupc thuc ddn Phap dung dudng dd lam doi ttpng vdi ngudi Viet vl mat kinh td 2.4 Sau CMen tranh thi gidi thfi nhat, phong trdo ehdn thue nghiep tilp tye diln mgnh me giai cdp tu san dan toe lanh dao vd vdn ddng Tren cae td bdo ciia tu san dan tpc nhu Thuc nghiip ddn bdo, Khai hoa nhdt bdo, HOu Thanh, Luc tinh tdn vdn tidp tue hd hao chan thyc ngMep tten cac ITnh vue, nhu danh gia vM trb eiia thuc nghipp ddi vdi ddt nude, khdng djnh vai tto cua timg ngdnh kinh td (cdng, ndng, thucmg nghiep), chdn ndi hda, bdi trfi ngogi • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 45 TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA C Q N G NGHg - SO 11 - TRUONG BAI HQC PHAM VAN B Q N G hda, tiianh lap cac hpi cdng tiiucmg [9] Cupe van dpng ehdn thyc ngM^p cua giai cdp tu sdn Viet Nam vua di vao ehieu sdu, vira md mang vl ehieu rpng va dat dugc mpt sd kit qua dang kl ttdn nhilu mat Trong ddng chay mdi eua phong trdo ehdn tiiyc nghiep sau CMen ttanh the gidi tiifi nhdt, euge van ddng chdn thye nghiep d Nam Ky tiep tuc didn mgnh me So vdi dau thd ky XX, qui md cua phong trdo chdn thyc ngMep d Nam Ky ttong nhiing nam 1919-1929 ldn hon, didn tten nMeu ve ITnh vye kinh doanh vd Mnh thuc the Men (sd ngudi tham gia kinh doanh, vdn ddu tu, Mnh thfie td chfie kinh doanh, sd lugng eac eo sd kinh doanh tdng Idn, nhieu nganh nghd ban ddu thi ky XX) Cae doanh nhdn md rdng boat dpng tten hau het cac ITnh vuc kinh te: budn ban ldn nhd; sfia chfia co khi, giao thdng van tdi; sdn xudt cdc vat phdm edng ngMep (chi ddu nhim, xd phdng, son, dudng) den cae vdt lidu xdy dyng: gaeh ngoi, hay cae dd dan dung (dd sdnh su, gdm ); cdng ngMep ehl bien gao; cdng ngMep det, sdn xudt dipn Tieu bilu nhu Lien dodn ky nghe Rach Gia lap nam 1927, vdn dau tien: $12,000; Cdng ty Tu Phy d Chg Ldn chuyen kinh doanh xang dau, phu tung d td, vdn $20,000 Cdng ty Thuan Hda vdn l.OOO.OOOFr Kmh doanh ky nghe dien Id ITnh vuc mdi Cdng ty dien Rgch Gia ddi (1921) vdi sd vdn ban ddu $ 150.000 Le Phat An vd Phan Tung Long tiianh ldp cae cdng ty sdn xuat dien d Sai Gdn, Chau Ddc, Long Xuyen, Trd Vmh, vdn ban dau $400,000 Viec thdnh lgp cdc nhd mdy xay xat ggo di xuat khdu diin mgnh nhdt cd nu&c Nhung nha may e6 cdng suit tu vai chye din vai ttdm md Iuc, san xudt moi tu vai ehyc din ttam tdn gao, co tu vai ba edng nhan din hang ehyc va ca ttam cdng nhdn Tieu bieu Id cdc nhd may Idn nhu: nha may Le Vdn Tiet, mdi xay 16 tdn ggo; nha may Nguyen CMeu Thdng mdi xay 100 tdn thdc va nhd may cua Nguyin Thanh Lidm mdi xay dupe 100 t&i gao Nha may ggo Duy Long eua Nguyin Vdn Nhidn, 100 md lue, sdn xudt 30 tdn gao moi ngdy, sfi dyng 12 cdng nhan Nha may ggo Tu Nhuan, lap nam 1925, edng sudt 300 md lue, ndng suat 100 tin/ngay, sfi dyng 40 edng nhan Ngodi ra, eon co mpt sd nha may hay xudng xay xat gao nho Hogt dpng kinh doanh cdn dien a cae ITnh vue phi kinh te khac nhu in ^ phat hanh sach bao hay md rdng ddu tu vao nha hat, phim dnh NMIU doanh nhan cd vdn Idn, kinh doanh tong hgp tten nMeu ITnh vyc, ed nhieu bdt ddng sdn lan, ca vl ddt dai, hdm md, xi nghiqi ddn cac phuang tidn van chuyen Cd nhiing edng xudng, nha may, thu hut hang chuc, hang ttam cdng nhdn Tu chd la nhung hoat dpng dcm le, nhung nhd tu sdn da biet lien ket ttong kinh doanh san xuat Cac cdng ty, cdc hdi dodn eiia eac nhd tir sdn Viet Nam d Nam Ky ndi tiep ddi, nhilu nha tu san ldn xuat hidn, nhieu cdng ty cua ngudi Viet Nam dung bdn eanh cac nha tu ban va cac edng ty tu ban nude ngoai nhu Traong Van Ben, Li Phat Vinh, Le Phat An, Nguyin Thanh Lidm Hogt ddng dich vu, budn ban khdng phai chi d ttong nude nhu trudc ma md rdng sang Trung Qude, Hdng Kdng, Nhgt Bdn, Phap • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C N G N G H E - S 11 - TRU6'NG DAI HQC PHAM V A N D N G Mpt net ndi bdt eua hogt dgng chdn himg thue nghiep d Nam Ky sau CMin ttanh the gidi thfi nhdt Id kinh doanh tren ITnh vuc tdi chinh - ngdn hdng Hoat ddng cM ed d Nam Ky Ddy la Imh vye tmdc d6 danh cho ngudi Phap, ngucri Hoa vd ngudi An Nam 1927, bac sT Nguyin Van TMnh cung Luu Van Lang, Nguyin Tdn Ha, Thdi Van Lan lap Cdng ty Tin dung An Nam (con dugc ggi la Ngdn hang Vidt Nam) Nguyin Van Lap lam gidm ddc, nham giiip cho cac nha cdng thuang Vidt Nam vay vdn dl phat trien kinh doanh nhu ttong Idi cd dgng Try sd eua cdng ty dgt tai Sai Gon, vdn ed dinh $250,000/1000 cd phdn Ndm 1929, nha tu san Viet Nam Id Truang Tdn Vi, Ngd Trang Tinh, Traong Van Tudn, Nguydn Tdn Van, Dang Van Ddn ldp Cdng ty Bdo hiim td An Nam, sd vdn $200.000 Kinh doanh tren link vuc ddn diin Ma vd cao su ciing Id mgt net noi bdt ddng chd y & Nam Ky sau Chien tranh thi gi&i thu nhdt nhd dua vdo thi manh cua nguon tai nguyen ddt dai mdu md va nhu edu thi trudng Tidu bilu nhu ddn dien cao su cua Le Phdt Vmh vd Nguydn Huu Hao cd didn tich 388 d Gia Dinh va Bd Ria Cdng ty Hu^mh Trinh Ldc co 131 d Thu Ddu Mpt Ddn diln cua Le Phdt Tan rdng 200 va Nguyin Van Cua rpng 300 d Bidn Hda, Nguyen Thi Tam cd ddn didn d Gia Dinh rpng 350 Cung tai Gia Dinh, ddn dien eua Trdn Van Tu rpng 360 Trong ede chu the dong vai ttd quan ttgng ttong cugc vgn ddng chdn tiiyc nghiep d Nam Ky, bd phgn dia chu tu sdn hoa Cling tham gia ddng dao CJ Bac Ky vd Trang Ky, sd dia ehii tu san hoa bang viee lap hdi budn, md xi ngMdp khdng phdi Id it, nhidn d Nam Ky, xu the phat trien manh hon, didu ndy dd didn tu ddu the ky XX Trong dieu kien tap trung rapng ddt dien mgnh, san pham liia gao da bi euon manh vdo thi tradng, ndn c6 nMeu dia chu bd vdn Idp cac edng ty budn ban lua ggo kiem lgi, hoac him vdn vao lap ede cdng ty, xi ngMep khac nhu xay xdt gao, xudng cua, xudng det, nha mdy dien, hoat dpng ttong ITnh vyc tai ehinh - ngan hang Trdn Trinh Trgch - dai dia chu d Bac Lieu co 17.000 mdu tay rapng ddt, Nguydn Tdn Sfi - dai dia chu d Ba Ria ddu gdp cd phdn Ngdn hang Viet Nam; mdt sd dia ehu d Trd Vinh lap nhd mdy dien Id nhihig vi dy Tren eon dudng kinh doanh thuc nghiep, dd ehdng lai su ehen ep cua tu ban nude ngoai va chinh quyen thudc dja, ndng eao dia vi kinh te tten thuang trudng, tu sdn ngucri Vidt d Nam Ky da lien ket vdi ttong cac td chuc hdi dodn dd bao vd quyen Igi eho nhau: Cong ty Nam Ky thuang mgi ky nghe xd hgi Khong gidng nhu Bac Ky va Trung K;^, giai cap tu san chi mdi thdnh lap cdc hdi edng thuang (nhu Hdi thdu khodn di hOu, Trung Ky cdng thuang gia hgi, Bac Ky cong thuang dong nghidp sau ddi thdnh Hdi Trung Bdc Ky cdng ndng thuong tuong ti ) de bao ve quyen lgi cho minh; d Nam Ky, giai cdp tu sdn dd thdnh lap Bdng Lap hien (1923) dd ddu ttanh doi thyc ddn Phap ban bd cae quyen tu do, ddn chu ttong khudn khd ehe dp ty tti Khdng cM nd luc kinh doanh egnh ttanh vdi tu ban Phap va Hoa kilu, & Nam Ky dien cdc cugc ddu tranh true • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 47 TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA C Q N G N G H E - S O 11 - TRUONG DAI HQC PHAM VAN OuNli diin chdng lgi s{c chen ep, cgnh tranh ciia tu bdn Phdp vd Hoa kiiu trudc su ehung kiln cua cac chinh quydn thudc dia nhu: Phong trdo tdy chay hdng ngogi hoa (1919) bdt ddu tu Nam Ky lan tda ca nude Ddy la sy tilp tue cuoc van dpng tdy chay hdng hoa Hoa kieu diln d Nam Ky ddu thd ky XX; Phong trdo chdng ddc quyin xudt cdng lua ggo & Nam Ky{l9\9) cua ngudi Hoa, Phong trdo chdng ddc quyen xudt nhap khdu cdng Sdi Gon (1923) cua tu ban Phap Nhung ydu cdu vl binh ddng ttong tu kinh doanh vdi ngudi Phap va ngudi Hoa dugc dat nhu doi tbanh lap phdng eanh ndng va thuang mai rieng eho ngucri Vidt Nam, chong dpc quyen mudi, doi gidm thud xudt nhgp khau, ddi hudng quy ehe kinh doanh nhu ngudi Phap ma chinh quyen thye ddn ban hanh nam 1899 KET LUAN La vung ddt sdm ttd thude dia eua thye dan Phap, Nam Ky cMu tae ddng sdm cua quan he san xudt tu ban chu nghia, ddng thdi eo nhiing ca chd phdp Mat tiidng thodng hon d Bdc Ky va Tnmg Ky Tren ca sd tinh thdn dge lap dan tdc vd ca sd vdn hoa ngan nam cua ddn tgc, nhiing nhd tri thue thfie thdi vd huu sdn yeu nude d Nam Ky da eo y thue chdn thye nghipp sdm va hp da nhanh chdng hda nhap vdi ttao luu chdn thye ngMep eiia dan tdc dl kit hgp euu nude vdi tdn Do tae ddng ciia nhfing dilu kidn chinh tn, kmh tl, xa hpi d Nam Ky, nen 48 boat d^ng chan thyc nghidp d Nam Ky ddu the ky XX cd nhftng net khae so vdi Bac Ky vd Tnmg Ky ve thdi gian tiln hanh; phdn khdi xudng; quy md, hinh thfie td ehfic, ITiih vyc thye hanh a mfie cao ban Sau Chien ttanh thd gidi thu nhdt, giai cdp tu sdn d Nam Ky cimg vdi giai edp tu sdn ed nude tiep tye day manh cugc van ddng chdn thvtc ngM^ da dai vao ddu the ky XX Ben eanh nhiing net gidng vdi phong ttao chan thyc ngMdp d Bdc KJ va Trung Ky, phong ttdo chan thue nghidp d Nam Ky eiing co nhiing net rieng Nam Ky la nai khdi diiu phong ttao ddu tranh tdy chay hang ngoai hda (1919), ddu ttanh trye didn vdi chinh quyen tiiue dan de xda bo dde quyen cua tu ban Phap va tu ban Hoa kilu tten mpt sd ITnh vue ttong nhihig ndm 1919-1923 Mgt sd luih vuc kinh doanh la net rieng eua Nam Ky nhu tai ehinh - ngdn hang, ky nghd didn vd xay xdt gao, kinh doanh don dien (ttdng lua va cao su) Neu nhu Bac Ky va Trung Ky ehi mdi lap hpi cdng thuong, thi d Nam Ky, giai cap tu san dd thdnh lap ddng ehinh tri (Dang Lap Men) de bao ve quyen Ipi cho gjai cap minh Nhfing tiiMih qud eda phong ttao chan thuc ngMpp d Nam Ky khdng chi tae dgng den tinh hinh ehinh tri, kinh te, xa hdi d Nam Ky ma cdn tten phgm vi ca nude, till Mpn sy thuc tinh cua ddn tpc Viet Nam ve mgt kinh td ttdn dudng kit hgp cuu nude vdi tan de ty cudng dan tde JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CpNG NGHg - S 11 - TRUpNG BAI HQC PH»M VAN B O N G TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Thuong c6 luan, Nong co dim, so 6, tr.3, 5/9/1901 [2] Thuong ca luan, Nong comin tam, so 11, tr.2, 10/10/1901 [3] Thuong c6 luan, Nong c6 iam, s6 47, tr.2, 17/7/1902 [4] Son Nam, Phong trio Duy Tdn a Bic - Tmng - Nam, Mien Nam Mu thi ki XX Thien dia hoi & cuoc Minh Tdn - Tai ban lin thii nhit, NXB Tre, Thinh ph6 H6 Chi Minh, tr.72, 1994 [5] Do Quang Hung, Lich sii Mo chi Viet Nam (1865-1945), NXB Dji hoc Qu6c gia Ha Noi, tr.30, 2000 [6] Nguyen HiJu Hieu, Mot tram ndm cuoc Minh Tdn & Nam Ky, Tap chi Xua va Nay, so 236, tr.29,2007 [7] Trin Van Giau, Bia chi Thanh phd H6 Chi Minh, tap I, NXB Thanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh,tr 229, 1987 [8] Son Nam, Phong trdo Duy Tdn & Bdc - Trung - Nam Miin Nam ddu the ki XX Thien dia hoi & cuoc Minh Tdn - Tai ban lin thii nhat, NXB Tre, Thanh ph6 H6 Chi Mmh, 1994 [9] Trin Viet Nghia, Hoat dong chan himg thuc nghiep cua tu sdn Viet Nam ddu the ky XX, Nghien dm lich su, s6 378, tr.24, 7/2008 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 49 TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA C N G N G H E - S O 11 - TRU6'NG BAI HOC HH^^M V A N SOivG OUSTANDING FEATURES OF THE COIMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL REHABILITATION MOVEMENT IN THE SOUTHERN REGION DURING THE EARLY 30 YEARS OF THE 20*'' CENTURY Tran Thi Kim Phuong' ABSTRACT The formation of the Commercial and Industrial Rehabilitation Movement was associated with the reformist movement following the Bourgeois Bemocratic Tendency in Vietnam in the early 20''' century The operation of the Commercial and Industrial Rehabilitation Movement in Nam Ky (Southern Vietnam) was part of this movement The contents and operations of the Commercial and Industrial Rehabilitation Movement in the Southern region in the early 20''' Century were more modern than those in the North and the Central regions Newspapers played an important role in this campaign Some business areas had become the specific features of the Commercial and Industrial Rehabilitation Movement in the Southern region after World War II including financing, banking, electrical engineering, rice milling, and plantation trading The southern region was the starting point of the movement to boycott foreign goods (in 1919) and to fight directly with the colonial administrations in order get rid of the monopoly of French and Chinese capitalists in some areas The Bourgeoisie formed its political party (the Constitutionalist Party) to protect the interests of its class Keywords: Modernism, commercial and industrial rehabilitation, Bourgeois Southern region csso ' Hpc vien Cao hoe khoa 2015-2017 - Trudng Dgi hpc Quy Nhon • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • ... Bac Ky vd Trung Ky NHOJG NET NOI B^T CUA PHONG TRAO CHAN HUNG TH^TC NGHIEP NAM KY 2.1 Phong ttao chan thyc ngMep ddi gdn liln vdi phong ttdo Duy Tan d Viet Nam (1903-1908) khdi ddu tu Trung Ky. .. nhap vao Nam Ky sdm nhdt so vdi Bdc Ky va Trung Ky ^ vgy phong ttao chan thyc nghiep d Nam Ky cd nhung net ridng vd phan lanh dao, thdi gian khdi xudng, npi dung ciing hinh thfie the Men da... phat trien Bac Ky rdi lan tda vao Nam Ky Hoat dpng chdn thyc nghidp d Nam Ky la mdt bd phan ciia phong ttdo ndy Tuy nMdn, d Nam K^, y thuc chdn thuc nghiep hinh thdnh s&m han Trung Ky vd Bdc K^