Understanding names British Physical Geography British Human Geography Holidays and Festivals 1111 1. The United Kingdom: a group of islands including Great Britain and Ireland 2. The British Isles: England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and a number of small islands 3. Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales 4. Ireland: Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic Topography Weather and Climate of Britain Population Languages National Days: each of the countries + 1st March, St.David ‘s Day : Wales +17th March, St. Patrick ‘s Day: Northern Ireland +23rd April, St. Geogre ‘s Day, England + 30th November, St. Andrew ‘s Day: Scotland Public Holidays 6 public holidays a year + Christmas Day + Boxing Day January + Good Friday + Easter Monday + Spring Bank Holiday + Late Summer Bank Holiday Great Britain: under 1000 km long + under 500 km across in its widest part The most mountainous region: Scotland Much of Wales: mountainous England apart from Pennine Range: undulating (including the largest agricultural plains of East Anglia) Ireland: all the highlands around the edge, no peaks over 1100m) + The south and east: low lying, flat plains or gently rolling hills Rivers in Britain: short + the longest: the Severn and the Thames (an important part of the inland transport network due to easy navigability) Overall information: climate: mild and temperate weather: changeable (constant influence of different air masses) temperatures: 32°C > 10°C The climate: the same as northwestern part of European mainland London: less rain than most other major European cities Rain + mainly in the west Winter + snow: regular feature of higher areas + the east: colder than the west Summer + the south: warmer and sunnier than the north Conclusion The land and climate in Britain lack extremes Britain has only weather The weather in Britain tends to be changeable UK: ranks 21st in the world Britain: highly populated, estimated 274 per sq km (2017) England: most populated in UK => Scotland => Wales => Northern Islands Celtic = Welsh + Scottish Gaelic+ Irish Gaelic + ¼ Welsh ppl speak Welsh English: official language of the UK (the first language) Welsh + Scottish + Irish people: English speakers All countries have own special accents and dialects => people in 4 countries have difficulty in understanding one another
Name: Nguyen Thi Thu Uyen (18041630) Class: QH18E8 Task: The summary of the UK I THE GENERAL UK Understanding names 1111 British Physical Geography Topography The United Kingdom: a group of islands including Great Britain and Ireland The British Isles: England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and a number of small islands Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales Ireland: Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic Weather and Climate of Britain - Great Britain: Overall information: under 1000 km long - climate: mild and + under 500 km temperate across in its widest - weather: part changeable (constant - The most influence of different mountainous region: air masses) Scotland - temperatures: 32 -> - Much of Wales: -10 mountainous - The climate: the - England apart same as northfrom Pennine western part of Range: undulating European mainland (including the - London: less rain largest agricultural than most other plains of East major European Anglia) cities British Human Geography Population Languages - UK: ranks 21st in the world -Britain: highly populated, estimated 274 per sq km (2017) - England: most populated in UK => Scotland => Wales => Northern Islands - Celtic = Welsh + Scottish Gaelic+ Irish Gaelic + ¼ Welsh ppl speak Welsh - English: official language of the UK (the first language) - Welsh + Scottish + Irish people: English speakers - All countries have own special accents and dialects => people in countries have Holidays and Festivals National Days: each of the countries + 1st March, St.David ‘s Day : Wales +17th March, St Patrick ‘s Day: Northern Ireland +23rd April, St Geogre ‘s Day, England + 30th November, St Andrew ‘s Day: Scotland Public Holidays public holidays a year + Christmas Day + Boxing Day January + Good Friday + Easter Monday + Spring Bank Holiday + Late Summer Bank Holiday - Ireland: all the highlands around the edge, no peaks over 1100m) + The south and east: low lying, flat plains or gently rolling hills - Rivers in Britain: short + the longest: the Severn and the Thames (an important part of the inland transport network due to easy navigability) II - Rain + mainly in the west - Winter + snow: regular feature of higher areas difficulty in understanding one another + the east: colder than the west - Summer + the south: warmer and sunnier than the north *Conclusion - The land and climate in Britain lack extremes - Britain has only weather - The weather in Britain tends to be changeable COUNTRIES: ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES, NORTHERN IRELAND Characteristics England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Area 130,423 sq km 18,189 sq km 20,779 sq km 13, 843 sq km Population 49, 181, 000 (2004 estimate) 5, 064, 000 (2001 estimate) 2, 903,000 (2001 estimate) 1,862,100 (2001 estimate) Population density 377 persons per sq km (2001 estimate) London 64 persons per sq km (2001 estimate) Edinburgh 140 persons per sq km 135 persons per sq km Cardiff Belfast Birmingham, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield English Aberdeen, Dundee, Glasgow, Inverness, Stirling Caerphily, Newport, Swansea, Wrexham Londondemy English, Scottish Gaelic (spoken by ¼ of the population) - clearly marked regions + the southern uplands: north of the border with England (economy on sheep farming) +central plain: further north + Highlands: mountains, deep valleys and numerous small islands off the west coast English, Welsh English, Irish *Swansea - in southern Wales, a seaport on the Tawe River - an important industrial centre: steel + nonferrous metals+ motor-vehicle parts *Newport - a town in southeastern Wales - a major steel-producing center of the UK -commercial/transportation center in southeastern Wales *Cardiff (capital) - the largest city of Wales - good communication + parks+ a varied population ( 10000 university students) *Most of the rest of Wales: mountainous communication between north and south: difficult - A striking feature: Giant ‘s Causeway - mainly low, flat plain - Lough Neagh: the largest lake in British Isles - The highest point: Slieve Donard, a peak in the Mourne Mountains - The chief rivers: the Foyle River Capital Major cities Official language Topography A cover of 130,423 sq km - The largest of the countries comprising the island of Britain - Division: major regions + The highland zone of hills and mountains in the north and west + The lowland zone of rolling plains in the south and east • The highland zone - Including the Pennine Chain of mountains (backbone of England) - Massive upland area north to south: Cheviot Hills on England ‘s border with Scotland => Midlands of central England - - - - - - - - Elements: several board, rolling, windswept moorland separated by deep river valleys Major industrial areas on the flanks of the Pennines Chain The West of the northern Pennines: the Cumbrian Mountains, a mountainous dome of ancient rocks eroded by glaciers • The lowland zone of rolling plains Less rain, more sunshine, and much fertile soil Most of lowland region: 300m above sea level Extensively inhabited, farmed, and grazed for thousands years Most of Britain ‘s population: dense live in the lowland zone The metropolis of London aand most of Britain ‘s large cities - Weather and Climate The flattest lands in the lowland zone: in the east Not < in winter, not > 32 in summer - Damp, subject to frequent changes - Seasons *In winter + Temperature: < less important in the lives of the individual family members today - Rural areas: extended family: *Welsh Identity - The organization of public life: same as England - Highly-important symbol of Welsh identity: the Welsh language - 20% of population: mothertongue Welsh * The Welsh Language - a pride of the Welsh - of the Celtic languages - be used recently to protest against the influence of English on Wales language and culture *Customs of Wales - Their love for singing, their hymns and folk songs - Ethnicity, family, politics and religion: inter-related - Social class: minor role in establishing identity - Polarized society: most people in one or other of the communities for the whole of their lives + People whose ancestors came from lowland Scotland or England: Northern Ireland to remain in the UK + People whose ancestors were native Irish: Northern Ireland to become part of the Irish Republic Houses of Parliament (New Place of Westminster): the seat of British legislature, a great mass of buildings on the east bank of the Thames River - Bobbies: nickname for policeman - Double-decker buses: all over Britain, red ones only in London - The rose: The national flower of England - The oak: sometimes depicted as the traditional tree of England “monarch of the forest” - Cricket: national game - Lake district: region of mountains and lakes in northwestern England - Stonehenge: Monuments that are made of great stones (megaliths), all over the world from England to Easter Island - important >< Urban: small and close-knit family * Eating - Favours: stews eaten with vegetables such as neeps (turnips) and tatties (potatoes) - National dish: haggis - National drink: whisky (Scotch) *Socializing - A handshake, “Hello”, “How you do” - Visits to home: prearranged * Recreation: - The most popular: soccer - Highland Games: in many parts of the Scottish Highlands during the summer *Holidays and Celebration - New Year ‘s Eve (Hogmanay) - More important than in England - Traditional aspect: “firstfooter” - Auld Lang Syne”: “in memory of past times” is sung on New Year ‘s Eve * Flower of Scotland: the Thitstle and the Bluebell - the Thistle: the most identifiable symbol, promote the - Eisteddfod: national music and literary festival held each summer in the first week of August to promote Welsh culture/ a great social gathering *Welsh Symbols: the Deffodil and the Leek - The Deffodil: national flower worn on St David ‘s Day - the Leek: traditional emblem of Wales communities are almost segregated Marrying a member of the other community: horror >< The extremes of hard-line attitude: gradually softening “Scottishness” - the Bluebell: s splash of colour as they display in full flower in the woods of Scotland ... industrial areas on the flanks of the Pennines Chain The West of the northern Pennines: the Cumbrian Mountains, a mountainous dome of ancient rocks eroded by glaciers • The lowland zone of rolling plains... Irish: Northern Ireland to become part of the Irish Republic Houses of Parliament (New Place of Westminster): the seat of British legislature, a great mass of buildings on the east bank of the Thames... London + The part of the river below London Bridge: the Pool - Big Ben: the name of the biggest of the five bells in the clock tower known as St Stephen ‘s Tower - Westminster Abbey: the most famous