Tìm hiểu một số nhân tố tác động tới hành vi trồng cây ăn quả của các hộ nông dân miền núi (nghiên cứu trường hợp huyện Bạch Thông, tỉnh Bắc Kạn)

DAI HOC QU6c GIA HA NOI TRUdNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN * * * LUAN VAN THAC SY CHUYfiN NGANH XA H O I HOC MA S6: 60 31 30 DfiXAI Tim HIEU MOT SO NHAN TO TAG DONG TOl HANH VITRONG CAY AN QUA CUA GAG HO NONG DAN MIEN NUI (NGHIEN CUV TRlfdNG HOP HVYEN BACH THONG, TINH BAC KAN) Giao vien hirong dan : PGS.TS Vu Hao Quang Ngiroi thirc hien : Nguyen Thi Le Dung HA NOI - 2007 MUC LUC , -v Trang PHAN M DAU Ly chon de tai j y nghia l^^ luSn va y nghia thuc tiln cua d6 tai Muc dich va nhiem vu nghien ciJu 3.1 Muc dich nghien curu 3.2 Nhiem vu nghien curu Doi tugfng,khach the va pham vi nghien ciru 4.1 Doi tuang nghien curu 4.2 Khach the nghien ciiu 4.3 Pham vi nghien cihi Gia thuy6't nghien curu Phuang phap nghien ciiu 6.1 Phirofng phap luan 6.2 Phuorng phap nghien curu Khung ly thuyet K6't ca'u luSn van g PHANU: NOI DUNG CHINH Chirongl: Casofly luan va thirc ti^n I C a s a l y luan He khai niem 1.1 Khai niem nong dan 1.2 Khai niem hanh vi 10 1.3 Khai niem hanh vi kinh te 11 Cac hudng tiep can ly thuyet 12 2.1 Ly thuyet, vi the, vai tro 12 2.2 Ly thuyet cau true churc nang 12 2.3 Ly thuyet dong ca quan ly 15 Quan diem cua dang va nha nuac ve chuyen doi cocau cay 17 3.1 Vai tro cua chuyen doi co cau cay doi vai viec phat trien kinh te ho gia dinh 17 3.2 Quan diem ciia Dang va nha nuoc ve chuyen doi ca cau cay vdri quy moi x^y dung trang trai 18 H: C a s a t h i r c t i l n 21 Tong quan tinh hinh nghien curu 21 Kinh nghi6m quan ly va sijrdung nguon luc dat dai 25 2.1 Dai Loan 25 2.2 NhatBan 27 2.3 Han Qudc 29 Chiromg H: Mot so nhan to tac dong tori hanh vi cay an qua cua cac ho nong dan mien nui 33 Nhung doi m6i chinh sach quan ly d£t nong nghiep va chuyen doi ca ca'u cay tr6ng 33 1.1 Nhung doi m6i chinh sach quan ly dat nong nghiep 33 1.2; Chuyen doi cacau cay tr6ng 36 Vai net ve dia ban nghien curu 38 Mot s6 nhan to tac dong tdi hanh vi cay an qua cua cac ho nong dan mien nui 41 3.1 Thi trudng, mot so quy luSt ciia ndn kinh te thi truong 41 3.1.1 Thi trucmg 41 3.1.2 Quy luat cung c^u 41 3.1.3 Quy luat canh tranh 42 3.1.4 Gia ca thi tnrang 43 3.2 Nhan thurc ciia nguai nong dan hien ve lao dong cay an qua 43 3.3 Thai va hanh vi cay hoa qua cua cac ho nong dan 52 3.4 Kha nang tiep can thi truong 58 3.5 Cach thurc to churc san xuat cua cong dong lang ban 63 Phan HI: ket luan va khuyen nghi 75 Ket luan 75 Mot so giai phap nham nang cao boat dong san xual cay hoa qua ciia cac ho nong dan mi6n niii 76 2.1 Giai phap 76 2.2 Giai phap 80 2.3 giai phap 82 2.4 Giai phap 83 TAI Ll£U THAM KHAO 85 Phuluc 88 Phuluc2 89 PHAN M DAU L^ DO CHON Dt TAX O Viet Nam, cong viec doi m6i ca che, chinh sach nong nghiep va phat trien ben vung nong thon da dien sau rong tren hai mircfi nam Ke tir CO chi thi 100 cua Ban bi thu khoa VI va nghi quyet 10 ND/TW 5/4/1988 cua Bo Chinh trj ban Chap hanh Trung uang ciia Dang cong san Viet Nam V6i viec thirc hien duang loi doi mdi Dang ta khai xuang va lanh dao kinh te nong thon da c6 sir phat trien manh me va dat dirac nhung tiru quan tren cac mat kinh te, xa hoi, van hoa, dai song cong dong gop phan nang cao vai tro, vj trf va sue canh tranh cua n6n kinh te thi truang, giu vung on djnh chinh tri -xa hoi a nong thon va ca nuac, tao dieu kicn de tang toe phat trien kinh tc va day manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nuac Doi mai ca che, chinh sach doi vc^i san xuat nong nghiep nhung nam vCra qua chinh la qua trinh thay doi phuang thue san xuat nong nghiep tij* cc^ che ke hoach hoa tap trung nguon luc dat nong nghiep sang cong tac khoan ma rong khoan san pham cuoi cung den cac ho nong dan duai su dieu tiet cua nha nuac va su canh tranh cua nen kinh te thi truang Chinh vi the, san xuat nong nghiep doi vai cac ho nong dan doi hoi phai CO mot su tinh toan khoa hoc Khong nhung san pham lam dat duac chat luang hicu qua cao ma can phai c6 gia tri canh tranh tren thi truang Trong qua trinh san xuat yeu cau tu san xuat nong nghiep cua cac ho nong dan da phai thay doi dan dan tu quan niem chi tinh bang so luong hien vat (tan siin pham /nam) duac thay the tren gia tri san pham cua tung mat hang va gia tri san xuat lam tren moi hccta dat nong nghiep Nhu vay CO nghia la gia tri thu nhap tren moi hccta dat nong nghiep duac dat len hang dau *fl:- Do do, viec danh gia ket qua san xuat nong nghiep bang cac chi tieu gia tri tren m6i dan vj dien tich canh tac la mot bu6c thay doi quan sau sac nhan thirc cua cac ho nong dan tham gia san xuat nong nghiep nen kinh te thj truang Nhu cau doi hoi cac ho nong dan phai tiep can duac nhung thay doi theo quy luat canh tranh cua nen kinh te thi truang Trong thuc te da c6 rat nhieu ho nong dan tiep can va nam bat duac thong tin, quy luat cua kinh te thi truang Dan den su chuyen doi ca cau cay (dac biet a cac tinh mi6n niii) Nhi6u ho nong dan da kinh doanh va dat hieu qua cao tra nhCrng nguai giau c6 xa hoi Song ben canh do, tac dong ciia nan kinh te thi truang cung anh huang sau sdc den mot so ho nong dan Con mot so ft ho nong dan c6 thai hoai nghi, i lai, khong tin tuang va quyet tarn san xuat Nhieu y nghi sai lech xuat hien dau ho vdi nhirng cau hoi: Ai cung san xuaV? Ai mua'.' Ban cho ai? Vi vay ho tra tang lap tu ti, ngheo doi xa hoi Phai chang? nen kinh te thi truang da tao ho ngan each giua nguai giau va nguai ngheo cang xa han? Chinh vi the nen toi da chon dc lai 'Tim hieu nhCrng nhan 16 tac dong ciia kinh te thi truang tai van de lua chon quyet dinh cay hoa qua cua cac ho nong dan mien niii" de nghien cuu Tac gia luan van by vong rang thong qua nghien cuu se dong gop mot phan nho ve mat ly luan dong thai thay duac su khac biet nhan thuc va thai san xuat nong nghiep cua nguai nong dan mien nui dac biet la viec lira chon quyet dinh cay hoa qua duai tac dong ciia nen kinh te thi truang khac xa so vai thai ky truac day (thai ky bao cap) Tir de xuat mot so giai phap dinh huong cho nguai nong dan lira chon qu\et dmh Siin xuat dat hieu qua cao phij hap vai nen kinh le thi truong V NGHiA lA LUAN VA V NCHlA THUC TI^N CT A ot TAI Xa hoi kinh tc Vd mot chuyen nganh nghien cuu hot siic quan dai va phat trien boi canh chung cua khoa hoc xa hoi hoc, nghien cuu ve xa hoi hoc kinh tc duac gan lien voi cac nha khoa hoc noi ticng nhu Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Maxweber, Talcott Parson, Neil Smelser a Viet Nam, nhung nam gan day, vdi su phat trien cua nen kinh te thi trudng da c6 sir tac dong manh me vao tu va each thuc san xuat cua nguofi lao dong Vi vay da tra moi quan tam cua nhieu nha nghien curu De tai "Mot so nhan to tac dong t6i hanh vi cay hoa qua cua cac ho nong dan mien niii", la viec van dung va kiem chung cac ly thuyet xa hoi hoc linh vuc kinh te, nhung van de xa hoi sinh nen kinh te thj truang De tai tim hieu phan tich mot so nhan to tac dong den hanh vi cay hoa qua cua cac ho nong dan mien nui nhu quy luat canh tranh, gia ca, cung cau cua nen kinh te thj truang, gop phan hinh quan niem xa hoi diing ddn ve hanh vi san xuat cua nguai lao dong noi chung , dac biet la ngucti nong dan Nhung nghien cuu va phan tich thuc tien eiia dc tai se cung cap nhung du lieu can thiet ve nhu cau lao dong cua cac ho nong dan mien niii hien hay va nhung nam gan day La cung cap thong tin cho cac nha quan ly va hoach dinh ehinh sach c6 nhung dieu chinh can thiet eai thicn va nang cao hieu qua lao dong cua nguai nong dan MUC DICH VA NHIEM VU NGHIEN CUU 3.1 Muc dich nghien cuu Tim hieu thuc trang tac dong cua mot so nhan to tai hanh \ i cay hoa qua cua cac ho nong dan mien niii hien Tren ca sa dua nhung giai phap nham nang cao chat luang, hieu qua san xuat cay hoa qua cua cac ho nong dan 3.2 Nhiem vu nghien cuu - Lam ro mot so van de ly luan lien quan den hanh \ i cay hoa qua cua cac ho nong dan mien niii - Phan tich, danh gia thuc trang cua mot so nhan to tac dong lai hanh vi cay hoa qua ciia cac ho nong dan mien niii hien ja - De xuat mot so giai phap nham hoan thien chinh sach chuyen doi ca cau cay cua Nha nuac Gop phan nang cao chat luong san xuat cay hoa qua cua cac ho nong dan mien nui DOI TUONG, KHACH TH^, VA PHAM VI N G H I £ N CCJU - Doi tirong nghien curu Mot so nhan to tac dong tai hanh vi cay hoa qua cua cac ho nong dan mien niii - Khach the nghien curu Nguai nong dan xa: Don Phong - Quang Thuan, huyen Bach Thong, tinh Bac Kan - Pham vi nghien curu + Thai gian: Tu thang 11/2004 - 11/2007 + Khong gian: Luan van nghien cuu se khao sat tai hai xa Don Phong, Quang Thuan - huycn Bach Tliong - tinh Bdc Kan - Gidi han nghien curu Dc tai nghien cuu ve mot so nhan to tac dong tai hanh \ i cay hoa qua ciia cac ho nong dan mien niii Do la mot \'an de nghien ciru tuang doi rong Trong pham vi ciia luan van chiing toi chi lua chon nghien cuu cac khia canh sau: - Nhan thiie eiia nguai nong dan ve san xuat cay hoa qua - TTiai va hanh vi ciia nguai nong dan doi vai loai hinh san xuat - Kha nang tiep can thi truang ciia nguai nong dan doi vai trot va ban san pham - Ciich thiic to chiic san xuat tai cong dong king ban (;iA THUYET NGHIEN C UU - Hien nay, viec phat trien quy mo lao dong san xuat ca\ hoa qua cua ngUcti nong dan mien niii kha manh mo Nhung chua dap I'rng dirac nhu cau thue te cua thi truan>: tieu thu - Viec doi mdi ca che, chinh sach cung vdi nen kinh te nhieu phdn hien da tac dong sau sdc tdi nhan thuc va thai cua cac ho nong dan mien niii doi vdi van de viec lua chon quyet djnh cay hoa qua - Nhu cau thuc te ve viec lua chon chuyen doi ca cau cay rat quan doi vdi ngudi nong dan mien niii Do vay, phai cd bien phap thich hap de nang cao hieu qua lao dong san xuat dieu kien kinh te thj trudng PHU^ONG PHAP NGHIEN CCU 6.1 Phuomg phap luan - Su dung phuang phap luan ciia chu nghTa vat bien ehiing va chii nghTa vat Ijch sir Ciing vdi quan diem cua Dang va nha nude ve van de lao dong san xuat nen kinh te thi trudng - Van dung mot so ly thuyet va tu tudng cua mot so nha xa hoi hoc nghien curu ve kinh te thi trudng va lao dong san xuat 6.2 Phuang phap nghien curu 6.2.7 Phia/ng phap phan tich so lieu Day la mot nhung phuang phap ma de tai sii dung Cac so lieu ma de tai su dung cua phdng nong nghiep, sd nong nghiep tinh Bac Kan 6.2.2 Phiamg phap dieu tra bang being hoi Bang hoi duac thiet ke vdi 10 cau hoi danh cho doi tuang la cac ho nong dan de thu thap bang nhirng thong tin tir cac ho nong dan ve viec cay hoa qua ciia cac ho nong dan duc^i tac dong ciia nen kinh te thi trudng, ehii yeu tim hieu d nhung khia canh sau: 1) Du dinh cay an qua cua cac ho nong dan; 2) Ly chon cay an qua 3) Quan diem ve thu nhap giua cay an qua va cay luang thue 4) Ky ihuat da ap dung cay an qua 5) Chi phi cho san xuat cay an qua b) Nhirng thay doi ve san xuat cay hoa qua gia ca bien dong Ca cau mau: - Dung luang mau: 200 ho nong dan - Cach chon miu: Chon theo cum va chon nglu nhien + Chon theo cum: Ca sd phan cum la theo khu \arc dia ly (xa) dua vao muc viing tiep can vdi thi xa, va vung xa thi xa thi kha nang tiep can thj trudng cua cac ho nong dan khac Do de tai chon mau theo cum tren ca sd phan chia hai cum theo dia ly mot xa: Xa Quang Thuan ehay theo doc dudng qudc lo 257, mot xa (Don Phong) khong gan khu vuc thj xa, khong cd dudng qudc lo chay qua + Chon mau nglu nhien: Mau ngau nhien duac ap dung tai hai xa nai tien hanh cac cuoc dieu tra 6.2.3 PhiMng phap phdng van - Phdng van sau: Dc tai tien hanh phdng van sau: 12 trudng hap la cac ho nong dan cay hoa qua lai hai xa Quang Thuan va Don Phong, mdi xa thuc hien cuoc phdng van sau Trong phdng van ca doi tuang ho nong dan lam kinh te gidi, trung binh, ngheo doi, nham tim kiem sir khac ciia cac ho nong dan duai tac dong ciia nen kinh te thi trudng tdi viec lira chon quyet dinh cay hoa qua 6.2.4 Phitcrng phdp quan sdt De tai su dung phuang phap qua trinh nghien cuu de nhan dien su da dang qua trinh tac dong qua trinh nghien cuu de nhan dien sir da dang qua trinh tac dong cua nen kinh te thi trudng doi vdi quan die'm, hanh vi ciia cac ho nong dan qua trinh lua chon quyet dinh cay hoa qua de kiem tra sir xac thuc nhung thong tin da thu thap duac KHUNG L t THUYET Moi trirdng kinh te - xa hoi Moi trirdng kinh te Bach Thong - Bac Kan Chinh sach D^c diem xa hoi gia dinh Dieu kien lao dong san xuat Hanh vi cay hoa qua Nhan thurc cua ngurdi nong dan Thai va hanh vi cua ngudi nong dan Kha nang tiep can thi trudng Cach thurc to churc san xuat ndng dan cd dieu kien Ihuan loi xay dung trang trai Dac biet la cac trang trai trdng cSy hoa qua Yen tam dau tu trdng cay hoa qua gdp phan phat trien kinh te da't nude van de thj trudng gia ca nhu cau san xuat cdn nhieu bat edng, ca hgi cho nhirng ngudi cd vdn va bat lgi cho nhung ngudi ndng dan ngheo Vi vay viec dieu tiet ciia Nha nude la het sue can th.ei de cac hd ndng dan trdng cay hoa qua dat hieu qua cao Tdm lgi: Thdng qua nhu'ng phae thao so bd ve nhan Ihuc tha dd hanh vi cua cac hg ndng dan ve trdng cay hoa qua cung nhu phan lich kha qual ve mot sd bieu hien cua hanh vi kinh te ciia eae hd ndng dan Chiing tdi de xuat bdn nhdm giai phap co ban vdi mong mudn cac nha hoiieh dinh chinh sach cd them tu lieu tham khao nhirng quyei dinh xay dung chinh sach ndng nghiep phi hgp vdi diem kien dac d.em phong tuc lap quan cua ngudi ndng dan dac biet cac hd ndng dan mien nui cd nhieu eo hgi phat trien thdi ky md cua hdi nhap qudc le Z.MOT SO GIAI PHAP NHAM NANG ( AO HOAT m')N(; SAN XI AT CUA CAC HO NONG DAN MI^N NUI Giiii phap 1: Day manh tuyen truyen, phd bien chuong trinh irdng cay an qua Iren cac phuang tien ihdng tin dai chiing nhfim nang cao nhan thurc ve tam quan trgng cua viec trdng cay hoa qua Cd the thay khdng phiii hien nhien mil chiing loi chon giiii phap " Daiy miinh tuyen truyen phd bien chuang irinh trdng ca\ an qua tren eae phuang tien thdng tin diii chiing nham nang cao nhan thuc \c lam quan Irong cua vice Irdng cay hoa quii" lii giiii phiip thir nhat ma qua quii trinh nghien cu'u thuc nghiem d hai xii Quang Tliuiin \ a Ddn Phong cua cac hd ndng dan lidng cay hoa quii Chung tdi lhii\ rang dc san xuiit ca\ hoa qua dill chii't lugng cao thi ciic hd ndng diin nhung ngirdi true ticp san xuat phai cd nhiin thuc vii thai dung dan cd sir hicu bict \c tam quan \a loi ich kinh Ic ciia cay hoa qua Bdi \i ncii ciic hd ndng dan cdn nhan thuc chua diing, chua dii\ du \c uim quan cua ca\ hoa qua ihi cac hg 76 ndng dan chua cd quyet tam san xuat va su dung het cac ngudn luc da vdn CO nhu: Dat dai, ngudn nhan luc, hau nhan thuc sa lam dan den nhung quyet dinh sai lam anh hudng tdi qua trinh san xuat De nang cao nhan thuc cua cac hd ndng dan ve tam quan cua viec trdng cay hoa qua Dac biet gdp phan edng cude xoa dd g.am ngheo Viec nang cao nhan thue kha mat nh.eu thdi g.an edng sue va tien bac Cach thiJc hieu qua nhal de cd the giiip cac hd ndng dan Ihay ddi thai va hanh vi san xual theo phuong thuc san xual truyen thdng sang san xuat trdng cay hoa qua nhu la san xual hing hoa dd ho, pha day manh tuyen truydn phd bien qua cac phuong lien Ihdng im dai chung Chinh vi the giiii phap dugc coi la giai phap cd tiim quan dac biet Nhung ddi tur/ng cdn dugc lap trung tuxin truxen phd hie Thuc te nghien curu d hai xa Quang Tliuan va Ddn Phong cluing id thay de nang cao nhan Ihirc ve lam quan vice trdng cay an qua Vdi truyen thdng " le lang" da cd tir hiu ddi Quyen eiia " Giii lang trudng ban" dd can phiii quan tam idi cac ddi tugng sau: - Nhii quiin ly ( cac can bd cap xa cac hicp hdi : Hdi ndng dan hdi phu nir Doan nien Chi bd Diing, Hdi cuu chien binh) Ngudi quiin ly d day mudn ndi Idi nhirng ngudi dung diiu cac co sd id chuc cac hiep hdi Nhirng ngudi trudc lien phiii dugc hoe uip duac linh hdi ve kien thuc khoa hgc vc tam quan trgng eiia chien luge phat tncn cay hoa qua Chi ed nhu vay thi ngudi quiin ly ( ngudi dung diiu ciia lang) mdi \ach djnh hudng phiit trien siin xuai diing dan phu hgp vdi nen kinh te thi truong - Nang cao nhiin thuc ciia ciic ciin bd khdng phai hi \iee d(tn gian ddi ho phiii cd cac lap Uip huan cd ehuyen gia trinh dd cao gioi ehuyen mdn nghiep vu va giiiu kinh nghiem tu \iVn Tir ciic ciin bo xa hudng diin cho ndng dan tu>cn tru>en \a phd bien cho nhan dan 77 - Cac hd ndng dan: Trong pham vi luan van cac hd ndng dan la nhiJng ngudi true tiep lao dgng san xuat cay hoa qua Hg la ngudi bd sue luc tri tue, va cQng la ngudi thu lai ket qua sire lire tri tue da bd Tuy nhien viec nang cao nhan thurc ve tam quan trgng trdng cay hoa qua khdng phai la van de de, rat khd khan Bdi cac hd ndng dan quen lao ddng iheo phuang hudng truyen thdng tir hang tram nam, tu ddi truyen sang ddi khac Ngudi lao dgng gan bd doan ket vdi theo phong luc lap quan cong ddng lang ban Vi vay viec nang cao nhan thuc cua ngudi lao ddng ma cu the la cac hg ndng dan het su'c can thiet giup hg cd lap trudng rd rang sir quyet dinh lira chgn san xuat Cd linh than chi ddng san xuat Vai trd cua minh qua trinh san xuat, huy ddng dugc mgi kha nang cd the cho san xuat - Phu nir: La ddi tugng lao ddng chinh d ddng bao cac dan toe mien nui, hg vijra la ngudi ndi trg gia dinh va cung vira la lire lugng lao ddng chinh, lao ddng true tiep irong qua irinh trdng cay hoa quii Vi vay cong tac tuyen truyen nang cao nhan thuc, khuyen khich hg qua trinh lao ddng san xuat - Hgc sinh: Day la ddi tugng dugc dao lao de trd nhurng can bg, hoac ngudi lao ddng lanh nghe tuong lai Hgc sinh vira la ngudn luc lao ddng true tiep cua gia dinh vao quii irinh phat trien kinh tc hd gia dinh Ddi tugng cdn dang ngdi tren ghe nha irudng tiep ihu nhung tuu khoa hgc ky thual, ed the ap dung lao ddng san xuat Iren manh dat nha minh Viec nang cao nhan thuc ve lam quan irgng san xual cay hoa qua cho hgc sinh ddng bao dan ide mien nui la het sue can thiei va quan trgng Hinh thifc tuyen truyen, gido due, phd bien De nang cao hieu quii siin xuiii viec tuyen truyen giao due phd bien, nang cao tam quim trgng cua cay an quii phiii sir dung cac hinh thuc 78 tuyen truyen Tuyen truy.n, g,ao due, phd b.en cd nhieu hinh thfc rat da dang va hSp dan cd sfc cuan hut dot tuong cang manh me Cac phuang tien thdng tin dai chiing: ( Sach bao, truydn hinh mang Internet ) dac biet d hai xa m.Sn nui Quang Tliuan - Don Phong thdng qua phat d.a phuong cua xa ttr 17h chi6u den I9h tdi ( ti 5h sang den 7h sang) Cac boat ddng khuech chuong trien lam ( trien lam hd chg, xay dung cac cuoc thi tim hieu ve san xual cay hoa qua tren dia ban xa Cac hoat ddng cua cac hiep hdi: Hdi phu nu, Hdi ndng dan Hdi Cuu chien binh xa Doan nien, Chi bd Diing Tai lieu, id roi, bang rdn, bieu ngir Nhu vay thdng tin phai dugc sir dung da dang, phong phii nhieu chieu, cd nhu vay mdi tan dung dugc giii tri va phat huy duoc lac dung cua cac hinh thuc luyen truyen, giao due, phd bien ed nghia la chung ta can phai tich cue cung cap thdng tin cho cac hd ndng dan dc ho co chien luoc san xual Mat khac phai lang nghe y kien eiia cac hd ndng dan phan hoi lai de nam bat dugc tac dung cua edng lac tuyen truyen giao due phd bien ed the danh gia dugc nhan thu'c cua hg dugc idi dau Dieu quan trgng la chii ddng long ghep ndi dung luyen truyen giao due, bien ve tam quan trgng ciia viec trdng cay an qua \ao cac hoat dgng qua cac hiep hdi, doan the Vi du: Mgi sd chuong irinh thi phu nu hai gioi d Hgi ndng dan " Diim vice nha - gidi san xuat" d hai xil Quang Thuan - Ddn Phong dii thu hiit duoc nhieu hd ndng dan quan lam cd lac dung nang cao nhiin thurc Siin xuat Tdm liii: Tuyen truyen phd hicn guio due dc nang cao nhan thue ve liim quan trgng trdng cay hoa quii la mdt giai phap ddi hoi nhieu thdi gian, edng sue, va tai lire Song nd ed lac dung ihiie day ngudi lao dong san xual diin diin chu\cn ddi Idi san xuiit truyen thong sang hien dai phu hop 79 vdi nen kinh te thi trudng Vi vay nha nude can phai cd chien luge tuye en truyen giao due, phd bien ve t^m quan trgng cua loai hinh cay trdng cong cuoc chuye'n ddi ca cau cay trdng Vi vay can phai dau tu hieu qua thich dang cong cuoc chuyen ddi co cau cay trdng Giai phap 2: Huy ddng va su dung dai dai cd hieu qua cua cac hd ndng dan De khai thac tot nhat quy dat chua sir dung ciia eae hd ndng dan dia ban hai xa Quang Thuan - Ddn Phong ma bai luan van chung idi nghien ciiru cung nhu nang cao hieu qua sir dung long quy dai ndng ngh.ep hien tai cua hai xa la mdt nhiing nhan id lac ddng irire tiep tdi hanh vi trdng cay hoa qua cua cac hd ndng dan thi giai phap huy ddng va sir dung cd hieu quii dat dai la mdt giiii phap quan irgng co ban eiia dia ban hai xa vi vay de giiii phap cd hieu quii trudc lien phiii lien hanh quy hoach va lap ke hoach sir dung dat d tirng dia phuong theo yeu ciiu mdi ( san xual cay hoa quii quii Irinh chuycm ddi ca ciiu cay trdng) de thiic daiy cac hd ndng dan sir dung ed hieu quii diit dai hicn co \a ed dieu kien md rdng siin xuat tren quy dat chua sir dung, ehua dugc khai thac Tren CO sd dd cd quy hoiieh eiirng va quy hoach mem Quy hoach cirng: Mang linh dai hiin theo muc lieu ciia Chinh phu xac djnh, Nha nude cd chinh sach biio hd siin xual gap phai riii ro tren thj trudng hoac bien ddng ve gia cii nha nude can ihiep Quy hoach mem: La quy hoiich mang linh ngan han iheo dong thai thay ddi cua thj trudng siin phiiim ndng nghiep Nhii nude dua ciic chi bao can thiet ve thi irudng nhirng siin phiim phii hgp co the phat men de ndng dan va nhung ngudi sir dung diii ndng nghiep xem xet tham khao va quyet djnh diiu lU thi IrUdng se lii ngUdi Uio ea ciiu san xual mdi cho eae vung mien, uen co sd ngudi sir dung dugc liep can tdi nhat vdi nhung tin hieu cua thi trudng 80 Do vay san xuat cay hoa qua cua cac hd ndng dan mien nui thuoc dien quy hoach mem Giai phap tot nhal de cac hd ndng dan san xuat cd hieu qua chinh su anh hudng cua ngudn lire dat dai dd la: Phai cd ke hoach su dung dai dai that linh hoat phi hgp vdi su thay ddi ciia dieu kien khach quan Do dieu kien thj trudng hoa qua bien ddng khdng ngirng d6ng thd cac tuu khoa hgc edng nghiep ndng nghiep cung phat irien rat nhanh da tac dgng den quyei djnh san xual cua ngudi ndng dan Vi vay tai yeu phai dat ke hoach sir dung dat trdng cay hoa qua di trudc mdt bude tinh dugc xu hudng chinh cua bien ddng ve thi irudng san pham va tien cong nghe ddng vai trd hudng dan ngudi ndng dan phat trien san xuat theo tin hieu thj trudng v vay phiii ed ke hoach sir dung diit dugc xay dung dc hudng diin cac hd ndng dan Iham gia vao siin xual Quy hoach dai han Quy hoiich ngiin hiin Gan vdi vice sir dung dat trdng cay an qua la vice biio \c ngudn loi tu nhien Idng dai Thur hai: Thiic day eae hg ndng dan sir dung dai trdng cay hoa qua quan tam tdi hieu quii khai thac dat Xac djnh ro va edng khai hoa nhirng quy dinh ve eae che su dung dat Trach nhiem eiia ngudi sir dung ddi vdi diit ndng nghiep Bdi vi vice sir dung cd hicu quii ngudn luc diii ndng nghiep phu thuoc rai nhicu vao ihiii va sir hieu bict cua ngudi su dung, ma thai va ngudi sir dung hii phu thude \ao nhung quy dinh mang tinh phap luat ve da't dai Hd tra cac ndng diin gidi giiim tinh trang manh miin dat nong nghiep giin vdi quy hoi^ich lai sir dung d;it ndng nghiep ticn dia ban xa 81 Trong nhirng nam gan day nhu cau phat trien san xual cay hoa qua tren quy md Idn, c^n cd chinh sach hd trg kjp thdi khuyen khich cac ho ndng dan tu nguyen ddi vudn dat cho de giam sd lugng manh tang quy md cac manh tien lgi cho quy hoach phat trien cay hoa qua va hudng phat trien trang trai cua mot sd hd gia dinh Giai phap 3: Tang cudng chi phi cho san xuat cay hoa qua ciia cac hg ndng dan De phat trien quy md trdng cay an qua ciia eae hd ndng dan mien nui Qua nghien cuu thuc nghiem d hai xa Quang Thuan - Ddn Phong cho thay can phai cd giai phap hiru hicu tang cudng chi phi cho sdn xuat cay hoa qua Thir nhat: Tan dung cac vdn dau lu phat irien tir ngudn ngan sach va cac ngudn hd trg, hudng diin cu the cac hd ndng dim sir dung ciic vdn dau tu cu the vao siin xuat Thd hai: Sir dung dung hudng ngudn vdn vay theo ehinh siich uu dai ddi vdi cac hd ndng dan irdng cay hoa quii De sir dung dung hudng ngudn vdn vay theo chinh sach uu dai can thuc hien cac giiii phap sau: - Dua sd ehi lieu ve sd ngudi dugc huong loi lir \dn tin dung uu dai - Md rdng phuong thuc licp Ciin \di ngudi ngheo thudng xu>en kiem Ira giam sal viec sir dung vdn, ihang than phe binh nhung ho ndng dan khdng sir dung vdn ed hicu quii - Giiim thi luc phien loai khd khi'in tiong \iee \a> \dn cua ngudi ngheo, liio dieu kien dc' ngudi ngheo true tiep nhan duoc \dn Chi phi Siin xuiil cho vice lidng cay hoa quii la yeu ciiu thiei thuc de giilp cac hd ndng dan cd dieu kicn md rdng qu> mo san xual Nhirng nguc udi dugc vay vdn tin dung uu dai \ ice hoach dinh ehinh sach \a chi lieu de eaac hd ndng dan lap kc hoach phat tncn ciu> mo xa dau tu cay hoa qua 82 dat hieu qua Ttnh tinh trang thieu vdn tran lan khdng cd vdn da chi phf cho vtec Cham sdc, viec ndng dan trdng nhteu gio dat Ichdng cd hieu qua ve nang suat Viec md rdng viec tiep can vdi ngud ngheo, de giup cac hd ndng dan ngheo true tiep dugc vay vdn phat trien trdng cay hoa qua, v.ec kiem tra giam sat su dung la het sue can thiet Nang cao l.nh than trach nh.em trudc sd vdn vay la bien phap kich thich san xual dat hieu qua Hien viec vay vdn cdn nhieu thi luc nhu ke hoach ira ng, sir kha thi cua ke hoach tra ng ci.a cac hd ndng dan ngheo Van de vay vdn ciia cac hd ndng dan ngheo cdn nhieu bat cap, viec lao dieu kien cho ngudi ngheo vay vdn de true liep san xual la het sue can thiet Ngudi ngheo cd vdn de chi phi cho siin xual Nang cao hieu qua ehai luong lao ddng Giai phap 4: Tang cudng sir doan kei irong td chuc san xual ciia edng ddng lang biin Doan ke't la mdt hicn lugng xa hdi quii irinh Xil hdi hoa hdi nhap khu vuc, san xual cua edng ddng lang ban ed nhieu bien ddi TUN nhien su gan ket dd cung chju sir Uic ddng ciia kinh tc thi trudng dc phat huy tinh tich cue ciia su doan kei id chuc san xuai eiia edng ddng lang bdn Chiing tdi xin de xual mdi sd y kien sau: Day miinh su dii, hien diii hoa phat Irien kinh tc xa hoi Khuyen khich va lao dieu kien hd trg lan giua eae hd ndng dan ciing doan ke't xay dung quy md san xuai Irong ciing edng ddng lang ban cd nhu'ng hinh thire bieu duang nhurng hd ndng dan him kinh te gidi quiin ly Siin xuai gidi, chia se cac kinh nghiem lao ddng san xuai giua eae hd ndng dan khdng phan chia dan Idc lao su doim kei giira Ciie diin toe lai vdi Ciic hd ndng dan Irong edng ddng limg ban thue hien tdi chinh sach dan tdc, binh diing doiin ket tuong tro giup dd Ian ciing phat Irien cung doim kei xay dung md hinh kinh tc lan nhu trang trai - nong tiai, phai trien irdng ca> an qua khong phai ehi de tieu diing mi nhu la san xual hang hoii Cim- cham lo ddi sdng vat chat xa tinh than, thuc 83 hien xoa ddi giam ngheo md mang dan tri, gio gin, lam giau va phat huy ban sac van hoa dan tdc