Progress to first certificate students book 2

12 Inthenews 12.1 The press, politics and crime Vũcabulary A W ork in smatl groups Ask your partners thcsc quc&tions: • W here yuu find OUI about th t ncws: local ncw spapcr, TV or radio? • D o >(>II t ìn d iht IIC\VN d c p r c s s in g , i n i e r c s t i n g , a n n o y i n g o r a m u s i n g ? B ('hot>sc rhc In-sr altcrnativc to cuniplete tradi sentcnce I read an iiucre'itiag P^P^T rhe other day ariiclc ụiíorniation néws rcporting l*ve only h.ìd timc to rcad thc ^ in this m orning s papcr Cí)lurnns headings hcadlirics SCCĨ u »ns A ni;wspaper’s opiniuììs irc givcn UI Its cnrtoons cditorial reports ritlcs Thk: ptTbtní wlu» rcads the news (»u ì V IS c ìlk d a (íi) ^ > announccr commỢìtattir ịournaỉist ncvvsrcdder * ' T h e tcrrnrKts whohÌjacked thc planc lavt nighr arẹstiH holdiiìgtcti casualtìcs hostages ped^Mnans viLtims ^’ I rcad in thc nc\vspapcr that iluTc has )USI b^cn a in Transỷlvania rcvclaũon revòìting revòKuion rcvolvcr O ver a thou&and p co p k are bclievcd ịo h.íve díed ín xhc boinlì cthquake :earthwork cxplỏdé:^^^ ^ On!y a small nutnber ofcountrics p ^seỉis nuclear < >thaiik goodncss AnầnAunitU>n eqỏípm*?*ìt weapov^ Docs rhut nevvspapi-r thc govcrhm ent or opposc it) advantagc iìssist encourage snpport ; c v c r y o n c o v c r a c c r t a m a g c is a l l o w e d f o \’o tv dQmocracy diciacorship nation si.ìte i In s o m c cuuntncs It is com pulsory Uì vocc in a(n) J iu ic c cunstitucncy c k c tio n Nclcction ỉ In the USA thc inost irnpiírtaĩit pcrsun iii rhc is thc IV isid e n r b i i r c j u c r a c y civil scrvicc g o v c r n m c n t State % I } In B ri ta in t h c l e a d c r o i (hc m a ị o r i t y p a r t y m P a r l í a m c n t IS f hc 10 ỉn a Chaiìcellor Prcsidciu Prinie Minister Sc^vercign 14 T he polict havc thc ưian wh(j is su sp cctcd ol c o m in irtin g th e nu d v r virrcstcd captivatcd iinprlsoned pu nish cd 15 O v c r L I m illio n Wiis in the ru ỉiln ry ccascd libcratcd robbcd stolcn 16 The arrcstcd cnminal adĩìuttcd nothing and yãìá that hc w anted to sce his a c ío u n ta n t advocatc lavvycr s u p c r\iso r 17 T ht burgtâr wa5 setitenc^d to 20 years in dock goal ịail trial IM 1s Hc W.1 S louiKÌ conva'tcJ guilrv ot thc cn n ic -in i hncd l sníl innoLcnr rcs[Mjh h\c ỉoraỉ b a n k a n d m a d e t t ff w i t h a i u u n d £ , 0 b e í o r e t u r h i n g Iip f o r w o r k as a m e m b e r o f t h e B e l g i a n gendarnìcric ỉt wa» llie caau‘£»t ai&c^t hi:ỉ colleagues co ul d h a v e pos - sibly éxptx-tt-d Fo r Saucez ĩ\an O n M o n d a y Ihis w eek he r H u r n c d t o I h r Síỉĩìic bank » and ihe sanie tem plalion th e ro b b e t r e d - h a n d e d i c as t h a d t h e i n í o r m a t i o n t o bank nerve the wvvk íailpcỉ bcíort* i{ the T h is lim o It was t much c a ^ h h i m red-vchicled They traced the ear nuin- b e r to S a u c e / , a l e r t e d his u n i t in B r u s s e l s , w h í c h s a i d H e t o l d a r r e s t i n g officeis; he h a d been on d u ly b u l w a s 'I hnd no inlention of com- n o w abscnt A f e w m i n u t e s m i t t i n g a h u ỉ d - u p ỉ left t h e b a r r a c k s tu go to t h e b a n k a n d r c q u c s t a d c l a y in repay- la t e r he t u m c d u p c o m p l e te w ith the h o ld -u p w «apon, Ihe g e ta w a y car, a n d th e my l(»ans II w a s on th e r e m a i n d p r o f t h e ÌtK)t in h i s \ v ay t h e r t ' t h a t d o c i d e d to pocket B Hcrc arc thc maiii cvt nts in tlic sỉory Rcarranm- thcm into thc a)rrccĩ scqucnu* ;inti num bcr tiìcni I lu’ Hrst IS donc as an exampltr: Alarin raised by manaf;cr Found hinisclí in debr Rcporĩcil tt>r (inrv Arrestcd I\ỉid part ot his Jcbts K obheJ h.uik Dccided lo rob bank Playcd bingo Wns aíraỉd to rob bank c Dccide \vhich oí the altcTnanvcs bcst conipkncs each scĩitcncc 1, ỉ) avi d S a i i c c / \ \vifc w o r k s a) as a policcxvonian c) in thc h a n k hc r o b h c d h) a s a s c c i i n t ỵ g u n r d d) in a n o t h c r b an k David Sauc e/ N wiíc a) d i s a p p r o v c d ()f his g am b lin g b) trit*d to help him To ^ivc Iip [;am blinỉ; c) u ĩ K m a r c t h a t hc w a s so hc avily i n d c b t d) w as w o r r ic d a b o u t his dcbts D av id S au ce / uscd a) a borrovvcd c.ir c) a retỉ car b) a car \vith ỉaUe lui mb cr plates d) a stolen car The prevỉous weck, David Sauce/ had planncd to rob ihc bank, [nu a) askcd thcni to Icnd h im so me mone y b) a s k c d thcíĩi w h a t h e s h o u l d d o a b o u t b o r r o v v i n g m o n c y c) paid somc nioney inio his account there d) d i d n ' t d a r c ti) go msidc T h e police knevv aboiir the r o b b c r y becaiise a) Dav id Sauccz a d m i i t c d his guilt b) David Sauccz h a d p a r k c d his c.ir oiitsiJc tlìc b a n k c) D a v id Saucez WJS u n lu c k y ■ d) lỈH* b a n k m a n a g c r m a d c a n a b r m call Dav id S au cc / arnvccl late for dury b e c a u s r hc a) st o p p c d to pav b ac k s o m c of rhc m o n e y he ()wcd b) vvas aíra id ti) rcp o rt for duty c) w as go ing to r o b the b a n k d) vvas trving to escapc D W o r k in sm.ìll gr o up s Ask, y ou r p a r tn c r s thesc qiicstions: • If you h.id bccn D a v i d S a u c c z , w h a t w o u l d you have d o n c d i í í c r t n i l y ? • • lf yuu h ad becn his wife, what wo i i ld y o u h a v c d o n e r lf you wc re in deb i, h o w c o u l d you a vo id g ctting involvcd in crimc? Madame 7k ìT t ii cs c rv.irnịilcs anti hỉl rlìt ỊI ^P^ \ i w u ' t tÌu’ v \ e r J liii ! n O ( ) p t M I Ị ỈC \ \ v r f Ií't * ' h e c r o ^ ^ í l Ilut Ì V t TV MI K ' - l ỊiỊ-^Í^UKk-d M t h í ' c n d ! l u T í ’ \v ÍS , Oí' H ) ị i i o ị M i ' l i U Ì ỉ ; k ĩ n v A vv ( o ! i n i o l í ỉ MU' r h c ticvvs ií ! tÌKÌiri lìic.ik 'ht' vvnulovv Ìt vv.isn t i n c \\ h n 'í h c d t l i c r p c r s o n it's ĩhc’ o tlic i IS ĩ t ) h i a n i e ỉ'lu Ỉ.ìỉ! 111.IM st Htcd i h e íi^ht ! i c j r i ! i u c iiív ( ) ( Uc *u s b K Ì IV ‘\\S F l r \ (.it Ị T r t - s s n ì u Ci) h \ a r t i Ị ì K ' h Ị c t 11C\ V' ' IS d c Ị i r c s s í n ^ , IS i ! m ỉ i i i t t T c s r i ĩ m Ĩ1> ỉ t ‘.u1 ir's a ỉs o ỉ < c v \ r m n u s c n t c n o c ' ' IS í i o f ỉ h c C’ l f t t í i ) n \ v i s \ v o n i n > IS h c ỉ i f % cas\ as \0 w i n \[ i s n ' i lĩ l o r ) k s tlu- !fu ln -v v in u p ; i r * \ ỉ t \V.ỈS r t ì ỉ n k \ < ) 1 r n r i ì c l p i u ' , ; Hìí.- \ \ ' r ^ Í)11 i ì C f c l n ’Ị r c a d t h c p a p c r u n l c s s ) ’( ì i i \ v , m r r- í ỉ ' h c p o Ỉ K U - s n f t l ì c »\N (J [ M r t i c s a r c \ w \ s n n i ỉ i r , I h ' V\ i l l i h t ' ngỉu ktiìd Ị h c r c s nt J JluT c ị^ì\\ \ i n l í u r i í i i t ĩ r ỉ v , IHÌ ÍÌIIC' s u r \ ‘i v c c i t ỉ i c Iir d i s U T c r It 1hcrc ITC ( Ì c t ỉ T g c H u s h v\.ÌS t * ỉ í \ ỉ c d P r c M t l c n r i n íĩv.as D n c x p c c t c d l v , the k'íi-vving c LinditLiĩc vv;ìs ( It Lĩcd s (.'J t h ; i t ỉ t IS s ì k I tiìcst beĩitciKi'S, uMiìg líìc v\uríis o n ỉ It ĩliac c r i m e is incrca.Miìu Rc\\ r iĩc p c r s ( M i u l ì ( ' IS M ỉ t l i n i i It \ v a s l h c \ hrhcVí.' iìc \mII vvm t!u‘ c K\ ní >n ỈVoỊilc i s Ị í i h n \% \\ĩ> t : ) l ò I I K t ỉ u ' ĨU■\^ N, | i ) i > p c ! ‘ Ị ì k ' h i v L - ÌHX-U k t l l c J i c c o r c ỉ i n ^ t u r i Ị ỉ i í r í s I t IS b e l ỉ < v i ' d ỉ h - ' M ÍĨỈH-Í is p r o h ì l ^ l v ĩ U í f u o i n u ĩ-.» l ì n n u t ' j ỈUTv COMRANỸ LTO ■Yes, h u f ts í h e r e íìfỉv n t ’ H ’S o f t ì i r ĩ c e Ì H n Ị ' ^ ' v\ :li ĩíK c ! ' II 12.4 What happened? As the Composition paper is the onc th at causes mosi candtdates most diííicultics, rhcre nrc two composition sections in rhis unit A Work in pairs Look at thesc photographs nnd dccide whar's hnppcning in cach onc w h a t happcned beíore and whal is iikely to happen ncxt? Work out a story which includcs at Icast TH R I>: of ĩhesc cvcnis Nviihin the samc story The pcoplc involved couKI incliidc yoursclvcs and/or íriend s oỉ yours Composition B in 45 minutcs, vvithout usmg a dKiHj!K»r\, \sn re rhe stui V m 20 j s o \vnrds • M akc notes b tío re yoii start • Chcck your w ork and correct anv mistakcs IIÌ spclling and ị^r.uĩìnìar ( R c m e m b c r t o chcck v c r h í o r m s and c n d i n ị Ị s , p r c p o s i t u n i N a i u l i r t K l c s - / • In thc exam , thc cxam incr will bc looking at: h o w w e l l y o u h a v c c o r n m u n i c a r e d , h o w a c c u r a t c y o u r \ v r i t ! n g Is, a iì ù t h c variety of structurcs and vocahulary you havc u^cd But rem em ber th at shorl scntcnccs and S ỉ m p l c vocabulary lỉiay ÌH- int)rc c í í e c t i v c t h a n w r o n g l y - u s f d c o m p l i c a t c d s c n t c n c c s o r lììisuscti ìclvaiici-d* vocabulary ~ It may be bctler to kccp ycnir ĩ»cniciKcs shtirt 12.5 Better sate than sorryĩ Listenn A ím íề Yoirll hear p art of a talk aboiit criine prcvcnnon Clìtiusc thc corrcct alternatives and íill the gaps, according to the inío rm atio n í;ivt*n in thè talk A ccording to thc spcakcr, (>f crime> a r c a g a i n s i p r o p c r t y , n o t ag ns t peopic % 85% 90 % 5% A rccent survcy show ed that í)f hom cs not havc \vịndnvv Ittcks % 16% % 6 % of al! burglars gct in through u indovvs o n e t h d o n c h a l í tw o th ir d s thrcc q u a r ttr s T o incrcase the security o f your home, yuu slìould niakt' sure thai a) you havc on all vvindovvs b) there is a lock on ihc th a t can only bc opciìcd and c!í)scJ vv Ith ì c) y o u h a v c a on the íro n t door d) yourpropcrty i s In Britain o v c r c ars arc b roken into o r stí)U*n each ycar I m illion m illio n l ị m illio n m illion A cc o rd in g to the speakcr, if yo u regularly park yoiir Cvìr m citv Street, there is a c h a n c e ìt w i U Ke m o l e n o r b r o k e n in u > 4% 20% 25% % W hen you Icave your car yuu should alw jy s a) lock all the an d thc b) take your w ith you o r lock thcm in thc c) cỊoiic thc complctety d) m a k c s u re you park in a Street a t nighĩ W hcn ỵoii Icavc your bicyclc d o n 't use a com bination luck bccausc a) you may b) an d it only takes a thieí TTimurcs t o o p c n o n e B W ork in smiíll groups* Ask your partncrs rhcse questions; • W hat advice you think the speakcr gnve tlic audicncc on pcrsonal seiẶ'? • Suppose you vvanied to rcassure an oJd lady w ho IS rLỈ I)f beinị; attacked when she goes out W hat advicc \\ you gn c hcr? • W h at are the c o m m o n c s t cTÌmes th a t a r e c o m m i t t e d in y o u r city: tht, robbery, m urder, m ugging, shop-liítm g, ctc.r> • VỉlỊÌch crimcs arc on tbc increase ? * •^ 12.6 A Opposites W ord study Fifst, surĩic revision Write dow n the oppositcế o í thcbc words T he íĩrsỉ rvvo ;irc d o t i e ns e x a m p l e s : ciccurate *-*• trtaccurate Kairotc k}ii(J painíu! Icgnỉ painíul ^ painless ngrce lucky approve plire com ío rtablc regular rcỉcvtint harmỉess saíc huncst \villing N(»\v wrirc d o w n rhc opp osi tcs ot ihesc vvords The íirst t w o arc d o n e ÌN t * x a i n p l c s ; liỉíhruir ^ easy bnght ^ d u ll diítíctilr bright arrog an ĩ bcautihi! chcap ínliovv írecze hate ìlỉ losc noisy rudc c r u d deíeat íail stale tight wide aw ake c The oppositcs of somc of thesc w o id s are ío rm ed by ad dm g a sữííìx or prchx, whiỉc othtTs arr differcnt vvords In s o m e cases thcre may be m orc íhan ont' possibihty, ỉ oo k at thc e xa m p lc s first: ash.ifm*d «-> p r o u d líkc tiís lik e , h a tc ashamcd like cookecl dongeroiis diíícrent íìction hollow marure necessary opposc personal plcasant polite rough vusihlc vvinncr truc wrong ★ Whcn ytìu’rc \vnting com posituìn and you can't th in k of the right '*\ord t x p r e s s yt>iir i d c a , t r v t h i n k i n g ns (MI th e iu -\t pag^' Texas prepares for the vvorst Mlchael White in WMhington N n t ’ t w o r k t p Ị c v i s i o n yesa soulh Texas properlv (Ìcvelopfỉ sloo ỉv most with sump PStỉMìalc' piitting lhf hnf‘Ịf*s.s h! 'ítHí.ono of íi,t‘ I>lan(i‘s r>niiliiop wilh 20 pí I crnl •■í íiorncs f íound plannu-^ỉ l" ilav UIHỈ SJI out ĩhr eXỊXTÌonct* h ( ' ( a u M* DcscTibcd íis tho mighliest Alỉt*n hai] not be’t'n as batl as slorrr to hit Iho \Vesic*rn exỊvtM t f d K v ( r > t > i i * ‘ Uv.: hi-misphtTO in Ihís CM*níưn- rtativ - antl Ihcỉì nothỉH^^ Gdbort's fve wns incd b', said afì'nh>Nv'i Mí n>ị-‘ii iiì.iMír.uni ^Mi.vU Acccrdmg to ĩhc persòn intervievved on TV in South Texas, a) Los Angelcs iS a Icss dangerous place than T tx as b) Texas ís a less dangcrous place than Los Anpeies c) thc hurricane will destroy thc city d) hurricancs are not dangerous In the USA, extrcme weathcr conđitions arc cxpcrienced in a) all p a m o f thc country c) fcw p a m o f thc country b) alm ost all parts o f the countr>’ d) the northcrn states Amcrican citizcỉi5 in a better posirion than Jarnaicans bccause thcy have a) bcttcr roads and stí urv- l.ouscs b) bcncr weather c) íaster cars d) transport and moncy to escĩkọt írom a sĩorm Thobe Amcrìcans who don't cscâpe írom the siorm arc a) insured against the dangcr c) ụnaware o f the dangc-r b) m a d e a w a r e o f th c d a n g c r d) protected from thc danger According ỈO the report, Hurricanc Gilbert wiỉl reach the coast at around a) a,m today c) 12 noon today b) lOa.m loday d) p m tod ay A to rn a d o usuaily a) causcs Icss damage than a hurricanc c) travcls íasĩcr than a hurricahc h) cauies m orc damage than a hurricane d) ĩravels more s!owly than a hưm canc ^ Whcn a hurrícaac strikes, iiM)st damagc IS caưscd bv a) highw iuds b) íalling trecs and biiildin^s c) ram d) rhcsca fn thc past hurricancs have kiỉlcd a) ícvver peoplc on Caribhcnn islands rhan m thc USA b) morc peopỉc on Caribbean islands than in the USA c) the samc num ber of pcoplc on Caribbean islands as in the USA d) vcry ícvv pcople Oĩi C u ibbtan ìsiands atìd m thc USA ^ In 1980, Hurricanc Ailcn turncd our to bc a} as scrious as expccted in the USA b) Icss scrious than trxpeucd in the USA c) nn>rc rhíìn Listenn 12.10 Givlng your opinỉons Com posiỉion A Whcn v o u ’rc uTÌting a co m po siĩ io n tliar asks you ro g!ve yoiir opinioỉi iboui a topic, yoiril proh.ìblv nced to cxpỉain vvhat vou mean Writc tvvo morc sentcnccs, add mg nn expìlanarion or rcason to each opmion 1 hardly evcr rcail n lỉcvvspaper becoÀAse I -(ind ihcxi g e t a mvAck bettcr picture of OA ÌA tK e worLd by U ỉo lc k ìí^ tK e v^€oJS o n tó e v is ỉỡ in is goi*^ T€^c^/ìs^ơn neus \s olso mwck irvore uf-to-díxĩe- tUoK CK ncuspo^€r ứnrl ồvi^ ỉ h t m ost imporboKt item s orô re^ortcd It would/wouId not be a bettcr world if there vvere no nuclear w eapons Nuclear power stations are a good/bad thing because The government should change/noi change rhc law on drugs lf a criminal has committed a vcry serious criine The only solution to tcrronsm B H c r e are f o ur typical e x a m qu es ti on s W o r k in pairs a n d m a k e notcs of the points you coulcl make if you wroTe these compositions: How does the problem of pollution aííect your couniry and vvhat can be donc to improve the situation? Shoulđ young people take a break of one or iw o ycars bcrwccn leaving school and continuing with íiirther cdưcation? ^ Vcry ícvv \vomcn arc niembers of parliament or governmeni ministers Whỵ is this so and should it be changed? Wbat í-io yi think tlìc Vỉt*w, cxprcsscd in some cou ntnc^, that m a r r i a g t IS g n in i’ o u t o f ías hioii? c Wrue 12 0- IKO words on ONF of thesc topics beginning as follows: ‘One oí thc ntost s en ou s problenis íacing the vvorld today is ‘One ot thc niost scnous problcms b c in g my countrỵ today \i> ^ '1 n m tlu‘ papcr/hcarci on thc ncws rhat ' (C hoose a topic or event that IS in th t ncws ãi thc nioincnt and give your upiinons about It.) As in 12.4, timc yoursclt ;1 S ỵmi vvTite this comp os iti on Wirh thís kind of conìposition, it^s absolutcly cssential lo make notcs bcíore you start writing And don't íorgct to check your completcd work through whcn y o u vc ỉim s h e d , ★ he cxAmiĩỉcr will bc asscssmg ihc quaỉity of your English, not your idcas But if you Ignorc thc queslion and mtroduce irrelevant inatcrial (or mcludc ci passagc yuu sccm to havc icarnt by hcarr), you will losc marks 12.11 Exam practice lnterviewexetc!se ★ T h e purpose of thc Intervicvv in thc exa^n IS to givc rhe cxam iner a chance to hear you speaking English lf you d o n ’i say very much (because you*re íeeling shy or ncrvous) rhc cxamincr w o n ’t be able to hcar how good your Engtish normally sounds T h a t’s why it's cssential to some practice intcrviews ‘under cxam conditions', W ork in pairs for these acíivines and imagine youVc taking part in tht* cxam One of you could play the rolc oí exanuncr, perhaps Ansvver thcit: qucstions aboiit the photographs; • W h at’s happemng in the picrures^ • W hat you think has jui>r luppcnccl? • W h a td o you think vvill happen nexi? • H o w you think each of thc peoplc is ícclingr • W h idì of thc pcoplc would you suppuri la sucl) a situatíon? • W hai coulti yuu bãy lo caeh tliciii if you VVCIC ihcrc? • H ow tcn such things happcn in your country ? B Loolc at these ncvvspaper licadlines Which ()f rhc Jrticlt-S vvoulíí yoii b c i n tc r e s t e d in r e a d i n g a n d w h ỵ ? W h a t d o y o u t h i n k e a c h a r t i c l c IN a b o u t ? Royal b a b y s h o c k Film 8tar's giiilty secret 800 m etre re co rd broken P e a c e t a lk s b r e a k d o w n Jimibe c siits ÌMK M K m T sm M P r i i i M m i n i s t e r d i e s i n ab* d i s a s t e r Hurricane hỉts Mexico H oiid ay su n sh ỉn e tra p s d rív e rs in n atio n w kỉe a ffìc ja m s c Look at thesc cascs whcrc the law i&being broken Put them in ORDER o í seríoúsness and explain the REASONS whỵ you consid:- sotne to be ỉcss serious than others 1 \x hat ỈH MSHMI NT you rhink shoultl hc I^IVCII to Sdiììconc \vh(t h rta k s thc la\v in tMclì casc? (If you rhink ‘it all dcpcm is\ vvlìat doi*’>u ticpcnd on r i • \ nu>tí)nst Jri vc > t a s t c r t h a n t h c pc Tn iit tcd ĩ n a \ i n > u n ì sp c cd • • \ passengcr trjveỉ^ bv traỉn vvíthoiit a tickct A ỉìKìturist parks o n a ciíMible ycllovv linc • A tiì oĩ ori Nt i s n ’r \ v c a r i n g ;i s t \ u ỉ ic lĩ • \ 'J i n j ; o í \' í) Uĩ ! is ; i í M c k a n o l d L i d \ IIHÌ t a k c t i c r p u r s c • S o m c d iic k c c p s y o i i r w j l l c t v s h ic h íe ll o m v o i i r p o c k c r • A i;rị]c o í ỉ I k - l H ' m n m n i ; s , s í M ì ì c t i i i i c s \ v i i l i A d i t í c T c i u ỉ ì K M n Ị H i ; ; A k \ h.ui ( l i i r l i e ^ ■ ^ v c IIS Barry \v.ís t u M n g c^ a iu l g a ve ì ịu iru l u u h a n (irdí.r ỉ mì miíKl p c r l t ) r m a i K c liis h c r h a u CUĨ Á ^ÌKÌIUI- I 1! u :t«H ! 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