TỪ VỰNG, CẤU TRÚC, NGỮ PHÁP UNIT A TỪ VỰNG advanced techonology service (n): (n): công nghệ tiên tiến dịch vụ : cung cấp dịch vụ (n): (n): DV bưu kiện vận chuyển thư đường hàng (n): không vận chuyển thư đường bộ, (a): (n): (n): (n): thủy nhanh, hỏa tốc DV chuyển phát thư nhanh DV chuyển tiền nhanh phát hành báo chí (n): (v): DV fax chuyển, phát (n): (n): (n): (n): (n): (n): (v): chuyền phát văn hình ảnh nhân viên khách hàng người nhận trang bị : trang bị cho (v): gửi /rɪˈsiːv/ /dɪˈlɪvər/ (v): (v): (v): nhận giao, phân phát giúp làm việc /ˈnəʊtɪfaɪ/ /luːz/ /ˈbɒðə(r)/ (v): (v): (v): thơng báo (đồ), lạc (đường) băn khoăn làm việc /ˈsɜːrvɪs/ => offer service e.g.: Our post office offers some services such as parcel service, faxes and press distribution parcel service air mail /ˈpɑːsl/ surface mail /ˈsɜːrfɪs/ express express mail service express money transfer press distribution /ɪkˈspres/ 10 faxes = facsimile service 11 transmit => transmission 12 text 13 graphics 14 staff 15 customer 16 recipient 17 equip sth with sth /trænsˈfɜːr/ /ˌdɪstrɪ ˈbjuːʃn/ /trænzˈmɪt/ /ˈɡræfɪks/ /ˈkʌstəmər/ /rɪˈsɪpiənt/ equip sth for sb e.g.: The class is equipped with a new screen and a laptop 18 send >< receive 19 deliver 20 help sb + (to) V e.g.: Peter helped me (to) my housework 21 notify = inform 22 lose 23 bother + to V e.g.: Don’t bother to ask me a question if in need 24 subscribe to + dịch vụ 25 spacious = large >< cramped 26 well - trained 27 thoughtful 28 courteous = polite >< rude/impolite 29 competitive /səbˈskraɪb/ /'spei∫əs/ /kræmpt/ / wel 'treind/ /ˈθɔːtfl/ /'kə:tiəs/ /pəˈlaɪt/ (v): (a): (a): (a): (a): (a): đăng kí sử dụng rộng rãi hẹp có tay nghề chu đáo lịch /kəm ˈpetətɪv/ (a): bất lịch sự, thơ lỗ có tính chất cạnh tranh /'spi:di/ (a): giá cạnh tranh nhanh chóng / si'kjuə/ / ˈjuːsfl/ /əˈrɪdʒənl/ (a): (a): (a): chậm bảo đảm hữu dụng nguyên (a): thay đổi rẻ => competitive rate 30 speedy = rapid >< slow 31 secure 32 useful 33 original >< changed 34 cheap /kən ˈviːniənt/ >< convenient đắt I Tìm từ có phần gạch chân phát âm khác từ lại A transfer A ready A subscribe A customer A courteous A thoughtful B spacious B dreamy B original B competitive B subscribe B bother C fax C speedy C equip C original C technology C although D rapid D heating D service D bother D spacious D smoothly II Tìm từ có vị trí trọng âm khác từ lại A service A transfer A thoughtful A receive A subscribe A transmission B surface B transmit B polite B useful B spacious B customer C offer C bother C speedy C parcel C secure C deliver D express D equip D rapid D graphics D inform D convenient III Chọn đáp án đúng: You can _ to your favorite newspapers and magazines at the nearest post office A offer B deliver C subscribe D transmit Thanh Ba Post Office provides customers the Messenger Call Services A with B for C of D to We are proud of our staff, who are always friendly and efficient A well-done B well-appointed C well-behaved D well-trained The hotel staff are always friendly and courteous The word ‘courteous’ is similar to A efficient B polite C helpful D perfect There was no mention of the incident in the national press The word ‘press’ is similar to A television B newspapers C Internet D radio I need to £1,000 to my daughter's account A transfer B transform C transmit D transact This hotel has got a very spacious kitchen The word ‘spacious’ is similar to A cramped B large C narrow D cosy The post office the Epress Mail Service which is particularly fast A notify B send C offer D bother They spent a lot of money equipping the school new computers A for B with C to D of 10 We wish you a speedy recovery The word ‘speedy’ is opposite to A slow B rapid C quick D express B NGỮ PHÁP: Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ I Định nghĩa: - Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relative Clause)/Mệnh đề tính ngữ (Adjective Clause) dùng để định nghĩa, phân loại bổ sung ý nghĩa cho danh từ đứng phía trước - MĐQH mệnh đề phụ thuộc, nên khơng thể đứng độc lập e.g.: An architect is someone who designs buildings I met a man whose sister is my teacher Have you found the keys that you lost? II Phân loại: Có loại MĐQH: Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative/Restrictive relative clause): - Dùng để định nghĩa, phân loại cho đối tượng đứng phía trước - MĐQHXĐ bỏ - Dùng với đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, WHICH, THAT e.g.: The girl who is wearing a modern pair of sunglasses is a famous singer I am reading a book which was written by William Shakespear Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (Non – defining relative/Non – restrictive relative clause): - Dùng để bổ sung ý nghĩa cho danh từ đứng phía trước nó, cho mệnh đề phía trước - MĐQHKXĐ bỏ - Không dùng với đại từ quan hệ: THAT - Dùng dấu phẩy (,) để ngăn cách mệnh đề câu e.g.: This is Mr Jones, who helped me last night John got the job, which surprised everybody III Đại từ quan hệ (Relative Pronouns) WHO: - Là ĐTQH người, dùng để thay cho danh từ người đứng trước - Làm chủ ngữ, tân ngữ MĐQH e.g.: The boys who are playing soccer in the school yard are members of class 10A (= The boys) The woman (who) I want to see was away on holiday (= I want to see the woman) WHOM: - Là ĐTQH người, dùng để thay cho danh từ người đứng trước - Làm tân ngữ MĐQH - Thường kèm với giới từ e.g.: George is a person whom I admire very much (= I admire George) I like the woman whom I work with = I like the woman with whom I work (I work with the woman) WHOSE: - Là tình từ quan hệ người, vật, dùng để thay cho tính từ sở hữu - Làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ mệnh đề quan hệ - WHOSE + Danh từ e.g.: I met a man whose brother knows you (= his brother knows you) This is Mrs Hoa whose daughter I work with *Chú ý: Có thể sử dụng ‘Danh từ + OF + WHICH’ thay cho ‘WHOSE + Danh từ’ với điều kiện đối tượng phía trước đại từ quan hệ vật e.g.: John found a cat whose leg was broken = John found a cat the leg of which was broken WHICH: - Là ĐTQH vật, dùng để thay cho DT vật, mệnh đề đứng trước - Làm chủ ngữ, tân ngữ MĐQH - Có thể kèm với giới từ e.g.: This is the bike which is my birthday present My house, which had been on fire, was rebuilt two years ago She passed the exam, which made her family very happy THAT: - Là ĐTQH người vật, dùng để thay cho DT người, vật đứng trước - Làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ MĐQH - Không dùng MĐQHKXĐ - Được sử dụng câu nhấn mạnh (câu chẻ) e.g.: The person that told you I was out met me in the park The book that you liked was sold It was the dog that biked me * Chú ý: Nếu WHO, WHICH, THAT đóng vai trò tân ngữ, bỏ đại từ quan hệ Exercise 1: Combine two sentences to make a complete sentence by using relative pronouns Helen works for a company It makes furniture The book is about a girl She runs away from home What happened to the pictures? They were hanging on the wall ? The police have arrested the man He stole my wallet A dictionary is a book It gives you the meaning of words Catherine is very friendly She lives next door We stayed at the Park Hotel A friend of ours recommended it Our teacher was very kind I have forgotten her name The new stadium will be finished next month lt can hold 90,000 people 10 There's a woman living next door to me She's a doctor The woman 11 I've got a brother called Ben He lives in Hong Kong He's an architect My brother 12 There was a strike at the factory lt began ten days ago lt is now over The strike at the factory 13 I was looking for a book this morning I've found it now I've found 14 Amy has a son She showed me a picture of him He's a police officer Amy showed me 15 Lisa is away from home a lot Her job involves a lot of travelling Lisa Exercise 2: Complete each sentence, using ‘who, whom, which, that or whose’ What's the name of the man car you borrowed? A pacifist is a person believes that all wars are wrong An orphan is a child parents are dead What was the name of the person to you spoke on the phone? This school is only for children first language is not English The woman with he fell in love left him after a month Here is the beach is the safest for swimmers Mr Bike will buy the house is opposite to my house I’ve ever read the book Huong gave me yesterday 10 The man I saw last weekend said something totally different 11 The town we are living is noisy and crowded 12 Sunday is the day we usually go fishing on 13 The boy sister is in my class can speak Japanese and Korean languages 14 The dictionary is on the table belongs to Long 15 He wore a hat made him look like a cowboy 16 Mr David, son studies with us, has never been to Vietnam 17 A bricklayer is a person builds houses 18 We’re going to London, is famous for Big Ben 19 That’s the house I was born in 20 The student did this exercise might be very intelligent 21 Peter couldn’t come to the party last night, was really a pity 22 Ly Duc, won gold medals at the Games, comes from Vietnam 23 Mr David, comes from England, has never been to Vietnam 24 I’m staying with the boy brother looks very handsome 25 He talked about the books and writers made us bored 26 Henry, you’ll meet tomorrow, is also a member of the board 27 Can you answer the questions I ask you? 28 The lady son went on a picnic with us last weekend is a teacher at our school 29 The woman book I borrowed is very generous 30 He can’t swim, makes me surprised Exercise 3: Are these sentences right or wrong Correct mistakes if necessary Where's the nearest shop who sells bread? The driver which caused the accident was fined £500 Do you know the person that took these pictures? We live in a world what is changing all the time What was the name of the horse it won the race? Exercise 4: Choose the correct answer We’d like to buy the house overlooks West Lake A who B whose C where D which The woman daughter Jack loves is very kind A whose B who C whom D which The letter she received this morning is from the USA A whose B who C whom D which I don’t know the girl is wearing a long blue dress A whom B whose C which D who Mr Pike, is our boss, has just come back from Paris A who B whom C which D that That is the new teacher about the students are talking A whom B whose C which D who The scientist invention was a success became famous A who B whose C which D that They have just visited the town location was little known A where B whose C which D that He came to the party wearing only a pair of shorts and a T-shirt, was a stupid thing to A who B whom C which D that 10 My uncle you met yesterday is a lawyer A which B who C whose D to whom ... spacious = large >< cramped 26 well - trained 27 thoughtful 28 courteous = polite >< rude/impolite 29 competitive /səbˈskraɪb/ /'spei∫əs/ /kræmpt/ / wel 'treind/ /ˈθɔːtfl/ /'kə:tiəs/ /pəˈlaɪt/ (v):... forgotten her name The new stadium will be finished next month lt can hold 90 ,000 people 10 There's a woman living next door to me She's a doctor The... A bricklayer is a person builds houses 18 We’re going to London, is famous for Big Ben 19 That’s the house I was born in 20 The student did this exercise might be very intelligent