After reading this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions: What are emotions and moods? How do emotions and moods influence behavior? What are attitudes and how do they influence behavior? What are the job satisfaction trends and Issues?
Chapter Emotions, Attitudes, and Job Satisfaction Nothing beats feeling good Chapter Study Questions What are emotions and moods? How emotions and moods influence behavior? What are attitudes and how they influence behavior? What are the job satisfaction trends and Issues? Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc What are emotions and moods? Affect • Range of emotions and moods that people experience in their life context Emotions are strong positive or negative feelings directed toward something or someone Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, What are emotions and moods? Emotional intelligence (EI) • Ability to understand emotions in ourselves and others and to use that understanding to manage relationships effectively Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Figure 4.1: Four key emotional intelligence competencies Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, 4-5 What are emotions and moods? Selfconscious emotions • Arise from internal sources (shame, guilt, embarrassment, pride) and helps individuals regulate their relationships with others Social emotions • Arise from external sources (pity, envy, jealousy) and information Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, What are emotions and moods? Moods • Generalized positive or negative feelings or states of mind Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Figure 4.2: What are emotions and moods? Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, 4-8 What are emotions and moods? Major Emotions Joy Anger Love Sadnes s Fear Surpris e Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, 4-9 How emotions and moods influence behavior in organizations? Emotion and mood contagion – spillover effects of one’s emotions and mood onto others Emotional labor – relates to the need to show certain emotions in order to perform a job well Emotional dissonance – emotions we actually feel are inconsistent with the emotions we try to project Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, How emotions and moods influence behavior in organizations? Deep acting • Trying to modify feelings to better fit the situation Surface acting • Hiding true feelings while displaying different ones Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, How emotions and moods influence behavior in organizations? Display rules • The degree to which it is appropriate to display emotions Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Figure 4.3 Figurative Summary of Affective Events Theory Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, What are attitudes and how they influence behavior? Attitude • Predisposition to respond in a positive or negative way to someone or something in one’s environment Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, What are attitudes and how they influence behavior ? Cognitive component • Reflects underlying beliefs, opinions, knowledge, or information a person possesses Affective component • Specific feeling regarding the personal impact of the antecedent condition evidenced in the cognitive component Behavioral component • Intention to behave in a certain way based on the affect in one’s attitude Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Figure 4.4: What are attitudes and how they influence behavior? Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, 4-16 What are attitudes and how they influence behavior? Cognitive dissonance • Describes a state of inconsistency between an individual’s attitudes and/or between attitudes and behavior Cognitive dissonance can be reduced by: • Changing the underlying attitude • Changing future behavior • Developing new ways of explaining or rationalizing the inconsistency Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, What are attitudes and how they influence behavior ? Job satisfaction • An attitude reflecting a person’s positive and negative feelings toward a job, co-workers, and the work environment Job Involvement • Extent to which an individual is dedicated to a job Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, What are attitudes and how the influence behavior ? Organizational Commitment • Degree of loyalty an individual feels toward an organization • Rational Commitment – Reflects feelings that job serves one’s financial, developmental, and professional interests • Emotional Commitment – Reflects feelings that what one does is important, valuable and of real benefit to others • Employee Engagement – A positive feeling or strong sense of connection with the organization Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, What is job satisfaction trends and issues? Five facets of job satisfaction: • The work itself • Quality of supervision • Relationships with co-workers • Promotion opportunities • Rewards Pay Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, What is job satisfaction trends and issues? Withdrawal behaviors • Dissatisfied workers are absent more frequently, more likely to quit, or at least on the lookout for different employment • Employee absenteeism and turnover can result in Loss of experience Replacement costs for recruitment and training Physical Withdraw and Psychological Withdrawal Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, What is job satisfaction trends and issues? Organizational Citizenship • A willingness to “go beyond the call of duty” or “ go the extra mile” in one’s work Interpersonal organizational citizenship behaviors have individuals doing extra things that help others Organizational citizenship behaviors advance the performance of the organization as a whole Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, What is job satisfaction trends and issues? Relationship between job satisfaction and job performance – three theories: • Satisfaction causes performance • Performance causes satisfaction • Rewards cause satisfaction and performance Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, What is job satisfaction trends and issues? Theory: Performance causes satisfaction • Satisfaction Causes Performance – increase someone’s work performance, make them happy OR • Performance Causes Satisfaction – The higher levels of lasting satisfaction come from high levels of job performance Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Figure 4.5 Simplified Porter-Lawler model of the performance satisfaction relationship? Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, ...Chapter Study Questions What are emotions and moods? How emotions and moods influence behavior? What are attitudes and how they influence behavior? What are the... John Wiley & Sons, 4-8 What are emotions and moods? Major Emotions Joy Anger Love Sadnes s Fear Surpris e Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, 4-9 How emotions and moods influence behavior in organizations?... Behavioral component • Intention to behave in a certain way based on the affect in one’s attitude Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Figure 4 .4: What are attitudes and how they influence behavior?