Contents
About the Author
Introduction
Proposition of the Cost of Development in China
1 Learning and Practice of Scientific Outlook on Development: Considering Maximization of Net Welfare as the Scientific Political Achievement View
1.1 Scientific Outlook on Development: Reviewing the Cost of Development in China
1.2 The Study on Development Cost Would Build the Political Achievements View with Maximization of Net Welfare
1.3 Development Cost Evaluation Is Alternative Judgment of Comprehensive National Power
2 Scientific Development of China in the Future: Inspiration of Chinese Dream to Development Cost
2.1 China in the Future: High Income, High Technology, High Welfare and High Human Development
2.2 Inspiration of Chinese Dream to Development Cost
3 Innovation Powerhouse: Build a Society of Joint Development and Common Prosperity
Economic Cost of Development in China
4 Economic Growth Cost in China
4.1 Connotation of Economic Growth in China
4.2 Expression Forms of Economic Growth Cost in China
4.2.1 Cost from Expansion of Investments
4.2.2 Cost from Expansion of Domestic Demands
4.2.3 Cost from Expansion of Exports
4.3 Generating Causes of Economic Growth Cost in China
4.3.1 Increasingly Worsening of Structural Conflicts in China
4.3.2 Systematic Causes Affecting Economic Growth
4.3.3 Decision-Making Mistakes in Economic Construction Process
4.3.4 Marketization Degree of Production Factors Are Still not High
4.4 Countermeasures to Economic Growth Cost in China
4.4.1 Adjust and Optimize Industrial Structure to Promote Coordinated Economic Growth
4.4.2 Continuously Deepen the Economic System Reform
4.4.3 Prevent Blind Decision-Making During Economic Construction Process
4.4.4 Cultivate Paid Using Mechanism of Resource-Type Products
4.4.5 Transformation from “Investment Attraction” to “Investment Selection”
Annexed Table
5 Cost of Economic Transformation in China
5.1 Connotation of Economic Transformation in China and Its Cost
5.2 Expression Forms of the Cost of Economic Transformation in China
5.2.1 Cost of System Transformation
5.2.2 Cost of Structural Transformation
5.2.3 Cost of Development Model Transformation
5.2.4 Cost of Globalization Transformation
5.3 Forming Causes of the Cost of Economic Transformation in China
5.4 Countermeasures for the Cost of Economic Transformation in China
Annexed Tables
6 Cost of Economic Disturbance in China
6.1 Overview of Economic Disturbance
6.2 Expression Forms of the Costs of Economic Disturbance in China
6.3 Forming Causes of the Cost of Economic Disturbance in China
6.4 Countermeasures to the Cost of Economic Disturbance in China
Annexed Tables
7 Cost of Economic Regulation and Control in China
7.1 Connotation of Economic Regulation and Control in China
7.2 Expression Forms of the Costs of Economic Regulation and Control in China
7.2.1 Cost of Regulation and Control Through Economic Means
7.2.2 Cost of Regulation and Control Through Legal Means
7.2.3 Cost of Regulation and Control Through Administrative Means
7.3 Forming Causes of Chinese Economic Regulation Cost
7.4 Countermeasures to Handle Chinese Economic Regulation Cost
Summary of Economic Cost of Development in China
Political Cost of Development in China
8 Political Reform Cost in China
8.1 Connotation of Political Reform in China
8.2 Forms of Political Reform Cost in China
8.3 Forming Causes of Political Reform Cost in China
8.4 Countermeasures to Handle Chinese Political Reform Cost
9 Chinese Political System Construction Cost
9.1 Connotation of Chinese Political System Construction
9.2 Forms of Chinese Political System Construction Cost
9.3 Forming Causes of Chinese Political System Construction Cost
9.3.1 Historical Causes of Chinese Corruption Problem
9.3.2 Flaws in Chinese Political System
9.3.3 Incomplete Specific System of Political Participation System Is the Most Direct Factor that Restrains Political Participation in Modern China
9.3.4 Chinese Citizens’ Political Cultural Quality Is Still not High, and Their Maturity of Political Participation Is Relatively not Sufficient
9.4 Countermeasures for Chinese Political System Construction Cost
9.4.1 Establishment and Improvement of System to Punish and Prevent Corruption
9.4.2 Gradually and Stably Promote Political System Reform
9.4.3 Make Efforts to Enhance the Public’s Awareness and Ability of Political Participation
10 Cost of Chinese Political Decision-Making System
10.1 Connotation of Chinese Political Decision-Making System
10.2 Forms of Chinese Political Decision-Making System Cost
10.2.1 Changing Cost of Political Decision-Making System
10.2.2 Cost of Political Decision-Making Mistake
10.2.3 Improving Cost of Political Decision-Making System
10.3 Forming Causes of Chinese Political Decision-Making System Cost
10.3.1 Immaturity of Political Decision-Making System
10.3.2 Lack of Decision-Making Knowledge, Experience, Ability and Quality of Decision Makers (Group)
10.4 Countermeasures for the Cost of Chinese Political Decision-Making System
10.4.1 Establish and Improve Political Decision-Making Regulations and Systems, Promote the Theorization, Scientification, Democratization and Legalization of Decision Making According to Law
10.4.2 Well Selection, Use and Education of People to Establish Highly Efficient Decision-Making Team
11 Cost of Chinese Ruling Party Construction
11.1 Connotation of Chinese Ruling Party Construction
11.1.1 Forms of Chinese Ruling Party Construction Cost
11.1.2 Ideological and Cultural Construction Cost
11.1.3 Organizational Construction Cost
11.1.4 Working Style Construction Cost
11.1.5 Cost of Democracy Construction Within the Party
11.1.6 Forming Cost of Political Civilization
11.2 Forming Causes of the Cost of Chinese Ruling Party Construction
11.2.1 The Need for Chinese Communist Party to Continuously Develop and Strengthen, and to Consolidate the Ruling Foundation
11.2.2 Input of Party Style Rectification and Loss of Expansion
11.2.3 Necessary Input to Prevent Occurrence of Crisis Within the Party
11.3 Countermeasures for the Cost of Chinese Ruling Party Construction
11.3.1 Strengthening of the Ideological and Moral Construction
11.3.2 Improve the Democracy Within the Party System and Reduce the Cost of Decision-Making Mistakes
11.3.3 Realize Scientific Planning and Optimized Development for the Establishment of Basic-Level Party Organization and Development of Party Member Team
12 Cost of Chinese Political Consultation and Crossing of Information Gap
12.1 Connotation of Chinese Political Consultation
12.2 Forms of the Cost of Chinese Political Consultation and Crossing of Information Gap
12.3 Forming Causes of the Cost of Chinese Political Consultation and Information Gap Crossing
12.4 Countermeasures for the Cost of Chinese Political Consultation and Information Gap
12.4.1 Improve Working Method of CPPCC and Fully Play the Role of Information Democracy
12.4.2 Establish Information System and Implement Scientific Management to Reduce Barrier of Information Delivery
13 Cost of Chinese Democracy Construction
13.1 Connotation of Chinese Democracy Construction
13.2 Forms of Chinese Democracy Construction Cost
13.3 Forming Causes of the Cost of Chinese Democracy Construction
13.3.1 Necessary Requirement for China to Actively or Passively Make Democracy Explanation and Promote National Image in International Community
13.3.2 Chinese Democracy Construction Development Faces Restriction of Historical Factors and Basic National Situation
13.4 Countermeasures for the Cost of Chinese Democracy Construction
13.4.1 Actively Expand Foreign Exchange and Cooperation and Demonstrate Chinese Image of Democracy to Reduce Passive Democracy Explaining Cost
13.4.2 Continuously Improve China’s Democracy Construction System and Enhance China’s Democratic Level
Summary of Chinese Political Development Cost
Cost of Chinese Social Development
14 Chinese Social Livelihood Issues and Their Cost
14.1 Definition and Connotation of Livelihood Issue
14.2 Forms of Social Livelihood Cost
14.2.1 Education Development Cost
14.2.2 Employment Promotion Cost
14.2.3 Social Security Lacking Cost
14.2.4 Income Distribution Imbalance Cost
14.2.5 Medical Service Development Cost
14.3 Forming Causes of Social Livelihood Cost
14.4 Countermeasures for Social Livelihood Cost
14.4.1 Establish Public Fiscal System, Expand Social Livelihood Investments and Build Service-Type Government
14.4.2 Improve Social Redistribution System Policies and Enhance Social Equity and Efficiency
14.4.3 Enlarge Investments in Fiscal Education Expenditure and Guarantee the Balanced Distribution of Education Resources in Urban and Rural Areas
14.4.4 Improve Market Employment System and Create Fair Employment Environment
14.4.5 Enlarge Government Investments in Public Health Undertakings and Establish a Civil and Integrated Medical Service System
15 Cost of Population Change in Chinese Society
15.1 Definition and Connotation of Population Change
15.2 Forms of the Cost of Population Change in Society
15.3 Forming Causes of the Cost of Population Change in Society
15.4 Countermeasures for the Cost of Population Change in Society
15.4.1 Implement Soft-Landing Policies to Undertake Birth Model Adjustment, Control the Growth of Total Population and Optimize Population Structure
15.4.2 Transform Economic Development Method, Actively Encourage Start-Ups and Employment, Expand Labor Supply, Reduce the Number of Advanced Retirees, and Relieve the Pressure of Social Security Expenditure
15.4.3 Establish Social Security System and Face the Peak of Elderly Population
15.4.4 Establish the System to Protect the Related Rights and Interests of Floating Population and Accelerate the Citizenization of Migrant Workers
16 Chinese Social Management Cost
16.1 Definition and Connotation of Social Management
16.2 Forms of Social Management Cost
16.3 Causes of Social Management Cost
16.3.1 Mistakes in the Positioning of Government Functions and Perspectives
16.3.2 Backward Social Management System Causes Confusion and Failure in Social Management
16.3.3 The Social Management and Operation System Lacks Complete Management Means and Organizational System
16.4 Analysis of Countermeasures for Social Management Cost
17 Chinese Social Stability Cost
17.1 Definition and Connotation of Social Stability Cost
17.2 Forms of Social Stability Cost
17.2.1 National Defense Expenditure
17.2.2 Stabilization Cost
17.2.3 Economic and Social Price of the Events that Destructs Social Stability
17.3 Forming Causes of Social Stability Cost
17.4 Analysis of Countermeasures for Social Stabilization Cost
17.4.1 Increase Necessary National Defense Expenditure, Reduce Unnecessary Stabilization Expenditure and Optimize Social Stabilization Cost Structure
17.4.2 Strengthen Long-Term Macroeconomic Planning, Determine Correct Stabilization Idea and Rights Idea
17.4.3 Emphasize Social Management Innovation, Establish Effective Expression Mechanism of People’s Interest
18 Chinese Social Advancement Cost
18.1 Definition and Connotation of Social Advancement Cost
18.2 Forms of Social Advancement Cost
18.3 Forming Causes of Social Advancement Cost
18.4 Countermeasures for Social Development Cost
Summarization of Chinese Social Development Cost
Chinese Cultural Development Cost
19 China’s Cost of Civilization Inheriting and National Customs Protection
19.1 Definition of Civilization and Recall of Chinese History of Civilization
19.2 Forms of the Cost of Civilization Inheriting
19.2.1 Civilization Conflict and Peace Maintenance Cost
19.2.2 Civilization Eliminating and Evolving Cost
19.2.3 Cost of Civilization Inheriting and Protection
19.3 Connotation, Definition of National Customs Protection and Forms of Cost
19.3.1 Ethnical Conflict Handling Cost
19.3.2 National Fusion and National Customs Protection Cost
19.3.3 Religion and Faith Protection Cost
19.4 Forming Causes of the Cost of Civilization Inheriting and National Customs Protection
19.5 Countermeasures for the Cost of Civilization Inheriting and National Customs Protection
20 Cost of Chinese Ideological Evolution and Modern Media System Construction
20.1 Connotation and Forms of the Cost of Chinese Modern Ideological Evolution
20.1.1 Cost of Ideological Evolution Since the Establishment of New China
20.1.2 Regular Cost of Current Chinese Ideological Construction
20.1.3 Cost of Risks in Current Chinese Ideological Construction
20.1.4 Cost of International Ideological Contradictions and Conflicts
20.2 Connotation and Forms of the Construction Cost of Chinese Modern Media System
20.3 Forming Causes of the Cost of Ideological Change and the Cost of Modern Media System Construction
20.4 Countermeasures for the Cost of Ideological Change and the Cost of Modern Media System Construction
21 Cost of Chinese Soft Power Construction and Response to International Cultural Invasion
21.1 Connotation of the Cost of Soft Power Construction
21.2 Forms of the Cost of Soft Power Construction on Different Levels and the Cost of Response to Foreign Cultural Invasion
21.2.1 National Level: Cost of Fighting for Speaking Right in International Community
21.2.2 Regional Level: Cost of Regional Soft Power Construction
21.2.3 Organizational (Enterprise) Level: Cost of Modern Organization (Enterprise) Establishment and Soft Power Enhancement
21.2.4 Citizen Level: Cost of Enhancing Scientific Quality and Cultural Quality
21.3 Connotation of Social Civilization Cost in Modernization Construction Process and Forms of Cost
21.3.1 Cost of Sliding Collective Morality in Society
21.3.2 Cost of Change in Social Relations
21.3.3 Cost of Contradictions and Conflicts Caused from Formation of New Social Groups
21.4 Forming Causes of the Cost of Soft Power Construction and the Cost of Response to Foreign Cultural Invasion
21.5 Countermeasures for the Cost of Soft Power Construction and the Cost of Response to Foreign Cultural Invasion
Summary of the Cost of Chinese Cultural Development
Cost of Opening to the Outside World and Development
22 China’s Opening Development Thoughts and Their Cost
22.1 Overview of Opening Development Thoughts and Their Cost
22.2 Forms of Opening Development Thoughts and Their Cost
22.3 Forming Causes of Opening Development Thoughts and Their Cost
22.3.1 Long-term No Opening-up Due to Decision-Making Mistakes of Leader
22.3.2 Necessary Price for Exploration and Development of New System
22.3.3 Associated Effect of Globalization Trend
22.4 Countermeasures for Opening Development Thoughts and Their Cost
22.4.1 Implement Democratic Centralism Through System Reform
22.4.2 Correctly Treat and Handle the Necessary Cost of the Formation of Reform and Opening-up Idea
22.4.3 Countermeasures for Associated Risks of Globalization
23 China’s Cost of International Exchange and Consensus
23.1 Overview and Forms of the Cost of International Exchange and Consensus
23.1.1 Cost of International Exchange and Participation
23.1.2 Cost of Organizing International Exchange
23.1.3 Cost of Fulfilling International Consensus
23.2 Forming Causes of the Cost of International Exchange and Consensus
23.3 Countermeasures for the Cost of International Exchange and Consensus
24 China’s Cost of Investment and Construction of Investment Environment
24.1 Overview and Forms of the Cost of Investment and Construction of Investment Environment
24.2 Forming Causes of the Cost of Investment and Construction of Investment Environment
24.3 Countermeasures for the Cost of Investment and Construction of Investment Environment
25 Cost of International Trade Development
25.1 Overview of the Cost of International Trade Development
25.2 Forms of the Cost of International Trade Development
25.3 Forming Causes of the Cost of International Trade Development
25.3.1 Conflict Between “Rebating All Rebates” and Finance Support Capacity
25.3.2 Necessity of Foreign Exchange Reserve for Economic Development
25.3.3 Cause of Intensifying Trade Frictions
25.4 Countermeasures for International Trade Cost
25.4.1 Reform the Export Tax Rebate System
25.4.2 Improve Foreign Exchange Reserve Management
25.4.3 Actively and Strategically Handle Trade Frictions
26 Construction Cost of China’s Three-Dimensional Transportation
26.1 Overview of the Construction Cost of Three-Dimensional Transportation
26.2 Forms of the Construction Cost of Three-Dimensional Transportation
26.2.1 Input of Transportation Infrastructure Construction
26.2.2 Opportunity Cost of Transportation Infrastructure Construction
26.2.3 Loss of Management Efficiency
26.3 Forming Causes of the Construction Cost of Three-Dimensional Transportation
26.3.1 Promote the Demand of National Economic Development
26.3.2 Lack of General Vision in Planning
26.3.3 Incomplete Management System
26.4 Countermeasures for the Construction Cost of Three-Dimensional Transportation
26.4.1 Improve the Investment and Financing System of the Construction of Chinese Transportation Infrastructure
26.4.2 Realize the Comprehensive Management of Traffic & Transportation Industry
26.4.3 Strengthen the Coordinated Development Planning and Layout
27 The Cost of China’s Creditability Construction and Handling of Threats
27.1 Overview and Forms of the Cost of China’s Creditability Construction and Handling of Threats
27.1.1 Maintaining Cost of China’s Territory and Sovereignty Integrity
27.1.2 Cost of National Unity
27.1.3 Cost of Foreign Aids
27.1.4 Cost of Bearing International Responsibilities
27.1.5 Communication Cost of Major Power Image
27.2 Forming Causes of the Cost of China’s Creditability Construction and Handling of Threats
27.3 Countermeasures for the Cost of China’s Creditability Construction and Handling of Threats
Summary of the Cost of Foreign Opening-up Development
Cost of China’s Natural Development
28 Cost of China’s Resource and Energy
28.1 Overview of the Cost of China’s Resource and Energy
28.2 Forms of the Cost of Resources and Energy
28.2.1 Farmland Cost
28.2.2 Cost of Forest Land
28.2.3 Cost of Mineral Resource
28.2.4 Cost of Coal
28.2.5 Cost of Oil
28.2.6 Cost of Natural Gas
28.3 Forming Causes of the Cost of Resource and Energy
28.4 Countermeasures for the Cost of Resource and Energy
Appendix
29 Cost of China’s Ecological Environment
29.1 Overview of the Cost of the China’s Ecological Environment
29.2 Forms of Environmental Cost
29.2.1 Cost of Water Pollution
29.2.2 Emitting Cost Sulfur Dioxide and Dust
29.2.3 Discharging Cost of Industrial Dust
29.2.4 Cost of Solid Waste
29.3 Forming Causes of the Cost of Ecological Environment
29.4 Countermeasures for the Cost of Ecological Environment
Appendix
30 Cost of Disasters in China
30.1 Overview of the Cost of Disasters in China
30.2 Forms of the Cost of Disasters in China
30.2.1 Cost of Geological Disaster
30.2.2 Cost of Forest Fire
30.2.3 Cost of Oceanic Disaster
30.3 Forming Causes of the Cost of Disaster in China
30.4 Countermeasures for the Control of the Cost of Disaster in China
Appendix
31 China’s Cost of Handling Climate Change
31.1 Overview of China’s Cost of Handling Climate Change
31.2 Forms of China’s Cost in Handling Climate Change
31.2.1 Cost of Carbon Dioxide Emission
31.2.2 Cost of Methane Emission
31.2.3 Emission Cost of Nitrous Oxide
31.3 Forming Causes of the Cost of Handling Climate Change
31.4 Countermeasures for the Cost of Handling Climate Change
31.4.1 Strengthen the Ecological Protection Countermeasure in Water Source Management
31.4.2 Strengthen Environmental Construction in Coastal Regions
31.4.3 Strengthen International Cooperation to Handle Global Climate Change
31.4.4 Reduce the Deforestation
31.4.5 Innovate the Domestic Carbon Trade Mechanism
Appendix
32 Cost of Harmony Between Human and Nature
32.1 Overview of the Cost of Harmony Between Human and Nature
32.2 Forms of the Cost of Harmony Between Human and Nature
32.3 Cost of Maintaining Harmony Between Human and Nature
32.4 Countermeasures of the Cost of Harmony Between Human and Nature
Summary of China’s Cost of Nature Development
Inspiration of China’s Development Cost Theory for China’s Development
33 Indicator System Foundation of Development Cost
34 Promote the Enhancement of Total Factor Productivity and Reduce Development Cost
35 Benchmarking of Scientific Achievement View
References
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Chinese Part