COST OF POLLUTION IN CHINA ECONOMIC ESTIMATES OF PHYSICAL DAMAGES potx

COST OF POLLUTION IN CHINA ECONOMIC ESTIMATES OF PHYSICAL DAMAGES CONFERENCE EDITION THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA COST OF POLLUTION IN CHINA THE WORLD BANK THE WORLD BANK The State Environmental Protection Administration 115 Xizhimen Nanxiaojie, Beijing 100035, P. R. China Tel: 86 (10) 6653.2331 Fax: 86 (10) 6653.2424 www.sepa.gov.cn Rural Development, Natural Resources and Environment Management Unit, East Asia and Pacific Region, The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW, Washington DC 29433, USA Tel: + 1 (202) 458.4073 Fax: + 1 (202) 477.2733 www.worldbank.org/eapenvironment The World Bank Office, Beijing 16th Floor, China World Tower 2 No. 1 Jianguomenwai Avenue Beijing 100004, P. R. China Tel: + 86 (10) 5861.7600. Fax: + 86 (10) 5861.7800. www.worldbank.org.cn Environmental and Social Development Unit East Asia & Pacific Region Ph: 202-458-5660 Fax: 202-522-1666 e-mail: jnygard@worldbank.org [...]... CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL COST OF POLLUTION Foreword to the Conference Edition This is a draft edition of the Cost of Pollution in China: Economic Estimates of Physical Damages report, which will be presented at the international conference on Sustainable Development in Beijing, China on March 2, 2007 The purpose of this conference edition is to present the findings of the studies undertaken in China over the past... CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL COST OF POLLUTION North China V – V* OVERVIEW ment, drinking water standards are often violated even in piped water in townships and villages across China Concerning non-piped water, monitoring data from rural areas show extremely large violations of guidelines The main problem is land-based contamination Approximately twofifths of the rural population does not have piped drinking water, according... sources of drinking water in 300 rural counties, together with data on disease incidence, suggest that polluted drinking water continues to be a problem in rural areas Due to inadequate treat- Average Water Quality in Southern and Northern Rivers, 1991–2005 100 100 South China V – V* 90 90 80 80 70 70 South China III – IV 60 North China V – V* 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 South China I – II 10 South China. .. arsenic in drinking water (USEPA 2000) ducted in China, studies that are more appropriate to the Chinese context • The improvement in monitoring and environmental data collection in China Improvements in monitoring of air and water pollution have made it possible to quantify exposures to environmental pollution and estimate associated damages Project Components Pollution costs are typically classified by pollution. .. you good reading of this edition and looking forward to receiving your comments Report Authors February 2007 CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL COST OF POLLUTION ix Executive Summary ⅷ In recent decades, China has achieved rapid economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization Annual increases in GDP of 8 to 9 percent have lifted some 400 million people out of dire poverty Between 1979 and 2005, China moved up... order of 50 billion yuan per year, while estimates of the costs of using polluted water to industry are comparable in magnitude, bringing the overall cost of water scarcity associated with water pollution to 147 billion yuan, or about 1 percent of GDP These new findings indicate that the effects of water pollution on water scarcity are much more severe than previous studies have estimated xvi CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL... environmental degradation in China The team (see figure 1.9) consisted of staff members from China s State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) and affiliates—the Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, the Policy Research Center of CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL COST OF POLLUTION 9 OVERVIEW FIGURE 1.9 Institutions Involved in the Project ECON / CICERO VEHR ECM Beijing Chongqing SEPA + Affiliates RFF... Protection and status of the China environment report, 2005 CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL COST OF POLLUTION 1 OVERVIEW burned in thermal power plants or in industrial boilers This has led to continuously high levels of SO2 and particulate air pollution In addition, water pollution and water scarcity problems are also very severe, particularly in North China, where the region faces some of the most severe water... about 5.78 percent of GDP Setting priorities for cost- effective interventions Interventions to improve the environment in China are likely to yield positive net benefits Indeed, one of the advantages of the environ- CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL COST OF POLLUTION xvii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY F I G U R E 5 Annual average PM10 concentrations observed in selected cities worldwide, 2004, 2005 Source: China Environmental... studies of pollution damages for example, of the health effects of air pollution by Chinese researchers Previous studies of environmental damage in China (World Bank 1997; Cohen et al 2004) have relied largely on transferring dose-response functions from the international literature to China A hallmark of the current project is its reliance on studies con- CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL COST OF POLLUTION 11 OVERVIEW . COST OF POLLUTION IN CHINA ECONOMIC ESTIMATES OF PHYSICAL DAMAGES CONFERENCE EDITION THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA COST OF POLLUTION IN CHINA THE WORLD BANK THE. edition of the Cost of Pollution in China: Economic Estimates of Physical Damages report, which will be presented at the interna- tional conference on Sustainable Development in Beijing, China on. h9" alt="" COST OF POLLUTION IN CHINA ECONOMIC ESTIMATES OF PHYSICAL DAMAGES The World Bank State Environmental Protection Administration, P. R. China This publication is available online at www.worldbank.org/eapenvironment. Front