NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12: TỔNG HỢP VỀ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN CHỌN LỌC, FREE

Present continuous Simple future Nhấn mạnh hành động đang diễn ra ở hiện tại If you are looking for Peter, you will find him upstairs.. Present Perfect Simple future May/might Nhấn

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CHUYÊN ĐỀ 6: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

I CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1

Câu điều kiện loại 1 dùng để diễn tả một điều có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

➢ Cấu trúc

Eg: If he runs, he will get there on time

The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail

➢ Dạng đặc biệt, biến thể:

Simple present

May/might Khả năng If the fog gets thicker, the plane may

be diverted

Can/may Cho phép If you finish your homework, you

can go out

Must/should Khuyên bảo If you want to lose weight, you must

eat less bread

Present

continuous

Simple future Nhấn mạnh

hành động đang diễn ra

ở hiện tại

If you are looking for Peter, you will find him upstairs

Present Perfect Simple future

May/might

Nhấn mạnh hành động đã kết thúc/hoàn thành trước một hành động khác

If you have finished, you may go out

❖ Câu điều kiện loại 0: dùng để diễn đạt những sự thật tổng quan, những dữ kiện khoa

học luôn luôn xảy ra với một điều kiện nhất định

Simple present Simple present

Eg: If you heat ice, it turns into water

If there is a shortage of any product, prices of that product go up

If he comes, call me = Call me if he comes

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II CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2

Câu điều kiện loại 2 dùng để diễn tả một điều không có thật ở hiện tại

Simple past (be → were)

Would + inf

Eg: Fact: I don’t have a map (HT) → If I had a map, I would lend it to you

If someone tried to blackmail me, I’d call the police

If I were you, I’d plant around the house (I’m not you)

If I lived near my office, I’d be in time for work (I don’t live near my office)

➢ Lưu ý:

• Chúng ta có thể thay “would” bằng “could, should, may, might… ”

• If I lived near my office, I’d be in time for work

= If I were to live near my office, I’d be in time for work

• Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại 2:

Eg: - If I lived near my office, I’d be in time for work

= Were I to live near my office, I’d be in time for work

- If I were you, I’d plant around the house (= You had better/should plant around the house)

= Were I you, I’d plant around the house

= If I were in your shoes, I’d plant around the house

III CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 3

Câu điều kiện loại 3 dùng để diễn tả một điều không có thật ở quá khứ

Past perfect, would/could/might/should +

have + V3

Eg: Fact: He helped me (QK), I won the prize

→ If he hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have won the prize

If we had found him earlier, we might have saved him

If I had worked harder last year, I could have passed the exam

Lưu ý:

1 Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3:

- If you had obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn’t have happened

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→ Had you obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn’t have happened.

- If he hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t pass the exam

→ Had he not helped me, I couldn’t pass the exam

2 Câu điều kiện trộn

Past Perfect (III) Would + inf (II)

(Thường có trạng từ chỉ thời gian: now, ….)

If I had caught that plane last night, I would be dead

now

If he had taken my advice,

he would be rich now

Simple Past (II) would/could/might/should +

have + V3 (III)

If I knew she was short of money, I should have lent

her more

If I knew my mother was coming to see me, I’d have prepared more food

MỘT SỐ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN ẨN

1 OTHERWISE: NẾU KHÔNG THÌ (II, III)

My farther pays the fee, otherwise I wouldn’t be here (II)

= If my father didn’t pay the fee, I wouldn’t be here

My teacher helped me Otherwise, I wouldn’t have passed the exam (III)

2 WITHOUT

If it were not for the sun, life on Earth wouldn’t exit (II)

→ Without the sun, life on Earth wouldn’t exit (II)

If it hadn’t been for his help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam

→ Without his help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam

3 Đảo ngữ của IF IT WEREN’T FOR = WERE IT NOT FOR (II)

Were not for the sun, life on Earth wouldn’t exit (II)

4 Đảo ngữ của IF HADN’T BEEN FOR + HAD IT NOT BEEN FOR (III)

Had it not been for his help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam

5 BUT FOR = WITHOUT

But for the sun, life on Earth wouldn’t exit (II)

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But for his help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam (III)

6 UNLESS + CLAUSE = IF NOT = TRỪ KHI, NẾU KHÔNG

Don’t call me unless you need help (I)

= If you don’t need help, don’t call me

7 Provided that/supposing that = if (I, II) = Nếu như, cho rằng là.

Provided that it is sunny, shall we go out

8 AS LONG AS/SO LONG AS: miễn là, với điều kiện là

I’ll lend you some money as long as you pay me back by Friday

9 EVEN IF: ngay cả nếu

Even if you give me money, I won’t come tto that party

You must go even if you are ready

10 ONLY IF: Chỉ nếu

I will let you go out only if you have finished your homework

11 WHETHER….OR NOT = IF….OR = liệu hay không

You must go whether you are ready or not

12 WONDER IF: phân vân liệu

I wonder if he loves me (or not)

13 IF ONLY = I WISH + CLAUSE = giá mà

14 OR/OR ELSE = nếu không thì

Hurry up! Or/Or else you’ll be late for school

= Hurry up! If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late for school

15 IN CASE + CLAUSE: phòng khi

IN CASE OF + NOUN: trong trường hợp

Bring umbrella in case it rains

In case of emergency, call 115

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