quản lý dự án ( lý thuyết và bài tập)

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .6 LO1 Establish project aims, objectives and timeframes based on the chosen theme What is project management and what does it involve? The key stages of project management .7 The advantages of using project management and why it is important Produce a project management plan that covers aspects of cost, scope, time, quality, communication, risk and resources 12 Produce a work breakdown structure and a Gantt Chart to provide timeframes and stages for completion 13 LO2 Conduct small-scale research, information gathering and data collection to generate knowledge to support the project 14 Carry out small-scale research by applying qualitative and quantitative research methods appropriate for meeting project aims and objectives 14 Conclusion 20 References 21 Introduction Today, project management is very important, it helps us to study the planning, organization and management, monitoring the development process of the project to ensure the project is completed on time, within the approved budget, quality assurance, achieving specific objectives of the project and the set objectives LO1 Establish project aims, objectives and timeframes based on the chosen theme What is project management and what does it involve? Project management is the application of processes, methods, knowledge, skills and experience to achieve the project objectives A project is a single, fleeting effort that is made to achieve the planned objectives, which can be determined by outputs, results or benefits A project is often considered successful if the objectives are met according to their acceptance criteria, within a agreed period of time and budget An important factor that helps distinguish project management with only "management" is that it has the ability to deliver final and finite time, unlike management that is an ongoing process Because of this a project expert needs a variety of skills; usually technical skills, and certainly a good person management and business awareness skill (apm, n.d, viewed 20 March 2019) Major Characteristics of Project Six mistakes that Mess up the Project: Firstly is not understanding the requirements, secondly is start the project without a plan, next is poor communication, fourthly is lack of resources; skills and knowledge, next is fail to mannage and control, finally is fail to learn from past The key stages of project management There are five the key stages of project management Firstly is project initiation At this stage, it is necessary to build a project management board, set specific objectives and evaluate the feasibility of the project At the same time, this is the time for the members to come up with the idea to start the project smoothly, considering the scope and demand for resources and finance to help achieve the expected results Secondly is project definition and planning This is one of the most important stages of the project It is the foundation for investment efforts and decisions, so a detailed plan will help the project avoid risks, ensuring that the implementation process does not encounter many obstacles Just like a map with a route and destination available, managers need to draw up landmarks and specific times, directions, ways to travel and inventory A plan can change the route but the destination is often less volatile, managers and their teams can flexibly adjust actions but must ensure the time and within the financial limit as well as power Thirdly is project launch and execution At this stage, managers need to divide work, project structure, communicate roles and responsibilities for each individual and group Each position is associated with certain goals and deadlines This is the period that requires communication and connection between the participants, and it is affected by many factors that need to be strictly controlled such as resources, time, and costs This is the period that focuses most of the time to act, it requires guaranteed performance, maximum savings of resources and on the right track In order to this, managers need to compare progress reports with the original plan and then take corrective actions, throughout the steps that need clear information for the stakeholders according to the communication method be united and good Next is project monitoring and controlling To ensure the quality and progress of the implementation, the project control must take place continuously, keeping abreast of the requirements as well as being aware of the existing resources in order to take timely and corrective measures to arise For a largescale project, a lot of work, control in detail is often uncertain, time-consuming Therefore, the solution also incorporates automatic control tools into management activities to help monitor and moni tor projects more quickly, more accurately and more economically Finally is project close A project close when it has reached its goal or has an end order due to customer requirements, from the project leader, the decision-making party However, with all the cases ending for whatever reason, the manager's important task at this time is to consider in an orderly manner the project implementation phases, evaluation and comparison with target In addition to the work of releasing resources, financial statistics or product handover, closing contracts, managers and their teams need to reevaluate the project implementation, drawing experience lessons to avoid repeat errors, apply the accumulated knowledge to the next projects At each stages of project, the project team has different actions, using different skills and after completing the review, assessments to determine whether to proceed to the next stage or must go through a process of revision Acceptable results at each stage are a premise for the next stage, showing performance and creating the project life cycle ( scopidea, n.d, viewed 18 March 2019 ) The advantages of using project management and why it is important Advantages of project management: Project management is a powerful business tool that can deliver many advantages to businesses of all sizes It gives you repeatable processes, guidelines and techniques to help you manage the people and the work involved in your projects It can increase your chances of success and help you deliver projects consistently, efficiently, on time and budget Benefits of project management Improve your chances of achieving the desired result, gain a fresh perspective on your project, and how it fits with your business strategy Prioritise your business’ resources and ensure their efficient use Set the scope, schedule and budget accurately from the start, stay on schedule and keep costs and resources to budget, improve productivity and quality of work Encourage consistent communications amongst staff, suppliers and clients, satisfy the various needs of the project’s stakeholders Mitigate risks of a project failing, increase customer satisfaction Gain a competitive advantage and boost your bottom line Project management is very important because if the project is not well managed between the executor and the customer, there will be many arguments with unclear goals, lack of resources, impractical planning, high risks, poor product quality, and projects have to pay budget and delay In addition to bringing success, project managers also improve the relationship between project implementers and customers, shorten deployment time, reduce costs, increase quality and reliability, improve labor productivity, good internal coordination More, improve working spirit SMART goals SMART is a best practice framework for setting goals A SMART goal should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timebound Often used to evaluate performance, acronyms to help managers or other employees tasked with setting goals to clarify exactly what will be required to achieve success and be able to share the clarify it with others M – Measurable What data will you use to determine if you meet your goal? This makes the goal more visible because it provides a way to measure progress If it is a project that Lei will take several months to complete, then put some important milestones by considering specific tasks to accomplish A – Achievable This focuses on how important a goal is to you and what you can to make it attainable and may require developing new skills and changing attitudes The goal is meant to inspire motivation, not discouragement Think about how to accomplish the goal and if you have the tools/skills needed If you don’t currently possess those tools/skills, consider what it would take to attain them R – Relevant Relevance refers focusing on something that makes sense with the broader business goals For example, if the goal is to l aunch a new product, it should be something that’s in alignment with the overall business objectives Your team may be able to launch a new consumer product, but if your company is a B2B that is not expanding into the consumer market, then the goal wouldn’t be relevant.T – Time-Bound Anyone can set goals, but if it lacks realistic timing, chances are you’re not going to succeed Providing a target date for deliverables is imperative Ask specific questions about the goal deadline and what can be accomplished within that time period If the goal will take three months to complete, it’s useful to define what should be achieved half-way through the process Providing time constraints also creates a sense of urgency Organization breakdown structure Organization structure is the formal configuration of the role, governance, authority and decision-making channels of the company Furthermore organizational structure determines how things work, such as task allocation, coordination and monitoring, for organizational goals Organizations need to be efficient, flexible, creative and caring to achieve sustainable competitive advantage Organization chart indicates the number of management levels, power levels exist in the organization There are four types of organizational structures: Functional organization, the divisional structure, matrix structures and project teams Firsly is the functional organization The organizational structure allows individuals to be grouped together on the basis of their expertise and technical expertise, and this can facilitate the development of the function they have Functional organization has several advantages and disadvantages Another advantage of functional organization structure is that it offers high professional qualifications Each department operates as a small, self-contained company that performs specific tasks Employees start their career at the lowest level and develop their knowledge and expertise when advancing in the hierarchy Enterprises, departments, departments will benefit from the expertise and experience of each employee over time Specialized departments in a functional organization that performs high performance, but have difficulty working with other departments If a project requires departments to join, they will tend to refuse to cooperate and cause a lack of cooperation This slows the progress of the project Secondly is the matrix structures It is used in parallel with other organizational ways The matrix structure is the type of effective management structure, modern “In this structure, functional and product managers have equal standing They are responsible for reporting to the same managerial level and decision-making authority in the area they are in charge of Advantage of matrix structure is the matrix structure allows for more efficient use of the organization's resources as all professionals and machines are used for all projects and products” Disadvantages of Matrix structure is in the matrix structure, if the two power lines are not clearly and definitively defined, the organization of informal relationships will develop and hence important tasks will be accomplished through through these relationships.The disagreement between horizontal executives (projects, products) and functional managers on the shared use of resources can lead to power struggles in the organization and the promotion of excellence High-level issues, not co-operation (Tufail Abbas, EPC Project Management, February) Next is the divisional structure It can be a divisive (or 'multidisciplinary') company Division structure is formed when an organization is divided into a number of closed business units, each operating as a professional center Such a component can occur on a product or market basis or a combination of both, with each unit tending to operate along product lines or functions, but with a number of key functions ( for example, personnel, corporate planning, corporate headquarters Besides, the divisional structure is a type of organizational structure that groups each organizational function into the division These divisions can correspond to either products or geographies The advantage of division structure is that product specialization helps develop different skills in division and preparation In addition, it facilitates expansion and growth as new components can be added without interrupting work and leading to faster decision making when performing current operations by add department heads and staff to the product line The disadvantage of a divisive structure is that conflict can arise between different divisions with references to allocations and more It can lead to increased costs because it can replicate activities divisional across the structure entire based product on The geography, customer, product and prosess (Source of the photo: Commerce, n.d, viewed 27 March 2019) Finally is the project teams The project team was formed when there was a project They may be members of departments When a project ends, the old project team will disband and continue to set up another project team to continue the new project The project team is basically a temporary structure that is set up as a means of performing a specific task, usually in a highly unstable environment Project teams are increasingly popular in high technology, construction companies and in some service areas, especially in management and advertising Produce a project management plan that covers aspects of cost, scope, time, quality, communication, risk and resources Project management plan To successfully accomplish a project the manager of the project must have a plan for that project A better project plan helps the project manager to achieve the objective of the project in a better ways.Theterm project management plan is defined as the process of how the management will execute, monitor and control the project in other word, a project management plan is formal and established ways to manage a project A good project managementplan includes the following elements       Costs Scope Time Quality Communication Risk and resources A Project management plan is the main tool that shows the path to accomplish the task of the project.so the manger of a project has to develop a Project management plan for getting the project successful Project costs To take a Project and to complete it, the manager of the Project has to consider some important element of the project and cost is the most important element of project Project scope To complete a project successfully, as a manager I have to consider the scope of the project The scope of the project includes some important aspects like project planning, project designing, development, project’s hypothesis testing,and introducing some hardware and software that are necessary for accomplishing the project Side by side the accomplishment of a project also considers the drawback of the project that is harmful for the project Project time For a business project, specification of time is a must Without the specific time the project manager cannot accomplish the tasks of the project Project quality Project quality is the main fact that the manager has to consider because if the manager cannot maintain the quality of the project then the accomplishment of the project get in trouble Communication Communication is the most essential part of a project The project manager has to maintain the regular communication with the related parties of the project The manager of the project set a strategy to communicate with the stakeholders of the company Those who are related to the project and can affect the accomplishment of the project should be taken in consideration of the manager Risk and resources Any business project has some risks and resources The project to get competitive advantages through taking CSR activities has also some problems or risks and resources The risks of the project are limitation of enough time,money, volunteers, and critical situations of the national politics And the resources of the project are skilled manpower, experience of the project manager, enough investment and the positive attitudes of the management of the company Produce a work breakdown structure and a Gantt Chart to provide timeframes and stages for completion Work breakdown structure A work breakdown structure (WBS) is a key project deliverable that organizes the team's work into manageable sections The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) defines the work breakdown structure as a "deliverable oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed by the project team." The work breakdown structure visually defines the scope into manageable chunks that a project team can understand, as each level of the work breakdown structure provides further definition and detail Gantt chart A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule, named after its inventor, Henry Gantt (1861–1919), who designed such a chart around the years 1910–1915 Modern Gantt charts also show the dependency relationships between activities and current schedule status LO2 Conduct small-scale research, information gathering and data collection to generate knowledge to support the project Carry out small-scale research by applying qualitative and quantitative research methods appropriate for meeting project aims and objectives The objective of the project is to find out new market segment outside the home country or country of origin The company is try to get into the new market 10 Qualitative Research Qualitative research is taken to know the insight of the customers and people A good qualitative research help the project manager know what the customers of the company think about the company Qualitative Research is primarily exploratory research It is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations It provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research Qualitative Research is also used to uncover trends in thought and opinions, and dive deeper into the problem Qualitative data collection methods vary using unstructured or semi-structured techniques Some common methods include focus groups (group discussions), individual interviews, and participation/observations The sample size is typically small, and respondents are selected to fulfil a given quota Quantitative research Quantitative research can be done using many methods like observation, survey, questionnaire, focus group etc Quantitative Research is used to quantify the problem by way of generating numerical data or data that can be transformed into usable statistics It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables – and generalize results from a larger sample population Quantitative Research uses measurable data to formulate facts and uncover patterns in research Quantitative data collection methods are much more structured than Qualitative data collection methods Quantitative data collection methods include various forms of surveys – online surveys, paper surveys, mobile surveys and kiosk surveys, face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, longitudinal studies, website interceptors, online polls, and systematic observations 11 For example: MY PROJECT Project title: Business project of fashion shop Objectives: Short-term objectives: to build a store that sells fashion, with the aim of giving customers the latest and most trendy products With a moderate investment, the ability to recover capital and develop high Build a shop selling all kinds of fashion with products that meet the needs of customers Long-term objectives: develop home delivery service so that customers who don't have enough time to shop can still buy goods Work breakdown structure SHOP Planning Resource allocation Blueprint preparation Marketing Marketing plan Needs specification Budget preparation Operations Shop opening Operation plan Shop registration Resource scheduling 12 Organizational structure SHOP OWNER ACCOUNTANT MANAGE MARKETING STAFF CASHIER SALES CLERK Gantt chart 13 GUARD Market Research Below is the market survey results related to my business project I created common questions and surveyed more than 50 people We can see that the number of female customers has a higher demand for fashion shopping than male customers Female customers account for 58.3% and male customers account for 41.7% Besides, customers aged between 20 and 30 account for the majority So if my shop imports female fashion items from the age of 20 to 30, it will sell more and get higher profits 14 Next, according to my survey results, people often go shopping once a week or twice a week, most of them go shopping on weekends, especially in their free time Moreover, people like to go shopping with family and friends The rest often go shopping alone, and few people go shopping with their boyfriends / girlfriends 15 Based on the survey results, it can be seen that the amount money of people spend on shopping ranges from 200,000 VND to 1,000,000 VND Some people want to spend less than VND 200,000 on shopping Perhaps these people are students aged 20 or younger They have not worked and not have much money Finally, The fashion that people like to wear the most is fashion according to the current trend and office fashion Some people want to wear dynamic fashion and fashion to party 16 Through the above survey, I think that if I sell fashion items between the ages of 20 and 40 and cost between VND 200,000 and VND 1,000,000, I will sell more products Besides, most people when shopping want clear advice, and my shop's sales staff are very friendly people Customers need advice on any item, the employees will enthusiastic consultants With such things, I believe my project will be successful After my project is successful, I will try to develop it by importing more new items, having more delivery services and expanding more branches Conclusion To sum up, this assignment helped us better understand project management and project management issues and we were able to create a project of our own 17 References Apm, n.d, viewed 20 March 2019 from https://www.apm.org.uk/resources/what-is-project-management/ Scopidea, n.d, viewed 18 March 2019 from http://www.scopidea.com/blog/myths-about-the-process-of- project-management.html 18 ... excellence High-level issues, not co-operation (Tufail Abbas, EPC Project Management, February) Next is the divisional structure It can be a divisive (or 'multidisciplinary') company Division structure... structure A work breakdown structure (WBS) is a key project deliverable that organizes the team's work into manageable sections The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) defines the work breakdown... accomplished through through these relationships.The disagreement between horizontal executives (projects, products) and functional managers on the shared use of resources can lead to power struggles