In this chapter, you will learn about: Introduction, bipolar transistor currents, bipolar transistor characteristics and parameter, early effect, microelectronic circuits, electronic devices, integrated electronics, electronic devices and circuit theory,...
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Virtual campus Islamabad Dr. Nasim Zafar Electronics 1 EEE 231 – BS Electrical Engineering Fall Semester – 2012 Bipolar Junction TransistorsBJTs Lecture No: 14 Nasim Zafar References: Ø Microelectronic Circuits: Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith. Ø Electronic Devices : Thomas L. Floyd ( Prentice Hall ). Ø Integrated Electronics Jacob Millman and Christos Halkias (McGrawHill) Ø Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory: Robert Boylestad & Louis Nashelsky ( Prentice Hall ) Nasim Zafar Reference: Chapter 4 – Bipolar Junction Transistors: Figures are redrawn (with some modifications) from Electronic Devices By Thomas L. Floyd Nasim Zafar Bipolar Junction Transistors BJTsCircuits C B E Nasim Zafar Transistor Types v MOS Metal Oxide Semiconductor v FET Field Effect Transistor v BJT Bipolar Junction Transistor Nasim Zafar ◄ Transistor Current Characteristics Nasim Zafar An Overview of Bipolar Transistors: Ø Ø While control in a FET is due to an electric field. Control in a bipolar transistor is generally considered to be due to an electric current – current into one terminal determines the current between two others – as with an FET, a bipolar transistor can be used as a ‘control device’ Nasim Zafar Transistor Biasing Configurations: CommonBase Configuration (CB) : input = VEB & IE ; output = VCB & IC 2. CommonEmitter Configuration (CE): input = VBE & IB ; output = VCE & IC CommonCollector Configuration (CC): input = VBC & IB ; output = VEC & IE Nasim Zafar Operation Modes: Ø Ø Ø Active: – Most importance mode, e.g. for amplifier operation – The region where current curves are practically flat Saturation: – Barrier potential of the junctions cancel each other out causing a virtual short – Ideal transistor behaves like a closed switch Cutoff: – Current reduced to zero – Ideal transistor behaves like an open switch Nasim Zafar 10 Bipolar Transistor Characteristics • 21.4 Behaviour can be described by the current gain, hfe or by the transconductance, gm of the device Nasim Zafar 18 Conventional View & Current Components: NPN TransistorCEC Nasim Zafar 19 Current Components: NPN TransistorCEC Nasim Zafar 20 BJT Characteristics and Parameters Nasim Zafar 21 BJTCurrent Gain Parameters: Ø Two quantities of great importance in the characterization of transistors are the so called commonbase Nasim Zafar 22 BJTCurrent Gain Parameters: Ø Commonbase current gain , is also referred to as hFB and is defined by: = hFB = IC / IE Ø Commonemitter current gain β , is also referred as hFE and is defined by: Thus: IC = IC/IB βIB Nasim Zafar 23 Beta ( ) or amplification factor: Ø Ø The ratio of dc collector current (IC) to the dc base current (IB) is dc beta ( dc ) which is dc current gain where IC and IB are determined at a particular operating point, Qpoint (quiescent point). It’s define by the following equation: 30