Ebook Business statistics - A decision - making approach (9th edition): Part 2

BQ) Part 2 book Business statistics: A decision - making approach has contents: Estimating single population parameters, introduction to hypothesis testing, estimation and hypothesis testing for two population parameters, analysis of variance,...and other contents.

www.downloadslide.com Estimation and Hypothesis Testing for Two Population Parameters From Chapter 10 of Business Statistics, A Decision-Making Approach, Ninth Edition David F Groebner, Patrick W Shannon and Phillip C Fry Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved  www.downloadslide.com Quick Prep Links t Make sure you understand the concepts t Review material on calculating and interpreting sample means and standard deviations t Review the normal distribution associated with sampling distributions for x and p t Review the steps for developing confidence interval estimates for a single population mean and a single population proportion t Review the methods for testing hypotheses about single population means and single population proportions Estimation and Hypothesis Testing for Two Population Parameters Estimation for Two Population Means Using Independent Samples Outcome Discuss the logic behind and demonstrate the techniques for using independent samples to test hypotheses and develop interval estimates for the difference between two population means Hypothesis Tests for Two Population Means Using Independent Samples Interval Estimation and Hypothesis Tests for Paired Samples Outcome Develop confidence interval estimates and conduct hypothesis tests for the difference between two population means for paired samples Estimation and Hypothesis Tests for Two Population Proportions Outcome Carry out hypothesis tests and establish interval estimates, using sample data, for the difference between two population proportions Why you need to know In many business decision-making situations, managers must decide between two or more alternatives For example, fleet managers in large companies must decide which model and make of car to purchase next year Airlines must decide whether to purchase replacement planes from Boeing or Airbus When deciding on a new advertising campaign, a company may need to evaluate proposals from competing advertising agencies Hiring decisions may require a personnel director to select one employee from a list of applicants Production managers are often confronted with decisions concerning whether to change a production process or leave it alone Each day, consumers purchase a product from among several competing brands Fortunately, there are statistical procedures that can help decision makers use sample information to compare different populations In this text, we introduce these procedures and techniques by discussing methods that can be used to make statistical comparisons between two populations Later, we will discuss some methods to extend this comparison to more than two populations Whether we are discussing cases involving two populations or those with more than two populations, the techniques we present are all extensions of the statistical tools involving a single population parameter Tatiana Popova/Shutterstock  www.downloadslide.com E s t i m a t i on a nd H y po t h e s i s Te s t i n g f o r Two Po p u l a t i o n Pa m e t e rs Independent Samples Samples selected from two or more populations in such a way that the occurrence of values in one sample has no influence on the probability of the occurrence of values in the other sample(s) Chapter Outcome Estimation for Two Population Means Using Independent Samples In this section, we examine situations in which we are interested in the difference between two population means, looking first at the case in which the samples from the two populations are independent We will introduce techniques for estimating the difference between the means of two populations in the following situations: The population standard deviations are known and the samples are independent The population standard deviations are unknown and the samples are independent Estimating the Difference between Two Population Means When S1 and S2 Are Known, Using Independent Samples Recall that the standard normal distribution z-values were used in establishing the critical value and developing the interval estimate when the population standard deviation was assumed known and the population distribution is assumed to be normally distributed.1 The general format for a confidence interval estimate is shown in Equation Confidence Interval, General Format Point estimate{ 1Critical value21Standard error2 (1) In business situations, you will often need to estimate the difference between two population means For instance, you may wish to estimate the difference in mean starting salaries between males and females, the difference in mean production output in union and nonunion factories, or the difference in mean service times at two different fast-food businesses In these situations, the best point estimate for m1 -m2 is Point estimate x1 x2 In situations in which you know the population standard deviations, s1 and s2, and when the samples selected from the two populations are independent, an extension of the Central Limit Theorem tells us that the sampling distribution for all possible differences between x1 and x2 will be approximately normally distributed with a standard error computed as shown in Equation Standard Error of x1 − x2 When S1 and S2 Are Known x1 x2 2 n1 n2 (2) where: 2 n1 and n2 Variance of population Variance of population Sample sizes from populations and Further, the critical value for determining the confidence interval will be a z-value from the standard normal distribution In these circumstances, the confidence interval estimate for m1 -m2 is found by using Equation 1If the samples from the two populations are large 1n Ú 302 the normal distribution assumption is not required  www.downloadslide.com E s t i m a t i on a nd H y po t he s i s Te s t i n g f o r Two Po p u l a t i o n Pa m e t e rs Confidence Interval Estimate for M1 −M2 When S1 and S2 Are Known, Independent Samples ( x1 x2 ) z 2 n1 n2 (3) The z-values for several of the most commonly used confidence levels are Confidence Level Critical z-value z z z z 80% 90% 95% 99% EXAMPLE = = = = 1.28 1.645 1.96 2.575 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL ESTIMATE FOR M1 − M2 WHEN AND S2 ARE KNOWN, USING INDEPENDENT SAMPLES S1 Axiom Fitness Axiom Fitness is a small chain of fitness centers located primarily in the South but with some clubs scattered in other parts of the U.S and Canada Recently, the club in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, worked with a business class from a local university on a project in which a team of students observed Axiom customers with respect to their club usage As part of the study, the students measured the time that customers spent in the club during a visit The objective is to estimate the difference in mean time spent per visit for male and female customers Previous studies indicate that the standard deviation is 11 minutes for males and 16 minutes for females To develop a 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference in mean times, the following steps are taken: Step Define the population parameter of interest and select independent samples from the two populations In this case, the company is interested in estimating the difference in mean time spent in the club between males and females The measure of interest is m1 -m2 The student team has selected simple random samples of 100 males and 100 females at different times in the Winston-Salem club Step Specify the desired confidence level The plan is develop a 95% confidence interval estimate Step Compute the point estimate The resulting sample means are Males: x1 = 34.5 minutes Females: x2 = 42.4 minutes The point estimate is x1 -x2 = 34.5-42.4 = -7.9 minutes Women in the sample spent an average of 7.9 minutes longer in the club Step Determine the standard error of the sampling distribution The standard error is calculated as 2 n1 n2 112 100 162 100 1.9416 Step Determine the critical value, z, from the standard normal table The interval estimate will be developed using a 95% confidence interval Because the population standard deviations are known, the critical value is a z-value from the standard normal table The critical value is  z = 1.96 www.downloadslide.com E s t i m a t i on a nd H y po t h e s i s Te s t i n g f o r Two Po p u l a t i o n Pa m e t e rs Step Develop the confidence interval estimate using Equation ( x1 2 n1 n2 x 2) z 7.9 1.96 7.9 112 100 3.8056 162 100 The 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference in mean time spent in the Winston-Salem Axiom Fitness center between men and women is -11.7056 … 1m1 - m2 … - 4.0944 Thus, based on the sample data and the specified confidence level, women spend on average between 4.09 and 11.71 minutes longer at this Axiom Fitness Center >> END EXAMPLE TRY PROBLEM Estimating the Difference between Two Means When S1 and S2 Are Unknown, Using Independent Samples Chapter Outcome When estimating a single population mean when the population standard deviation is unknown, the critical value is a t-value from the t-distribution This is also the case when you are interested in estimating the difference between two population means, if the following assumptions hold: Assumptions r The populations are normally distributed r The populations have equal variances r The samples are independent The following application illustrates how a confidence interval estimate is developed using the t-distribution Nick Barounis/Shutterstock BUSINESS APPLICATION ESTIMATING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO POPULATION MEANS RETIREMENT INVESTING A major political issue for the past decade has focused on the long-term future of the U.S Social Security system Many people who have entered the workforce in the past 20 years believe the system will not be solvent when they retire, so they are actively investing in their own retirement accounts One investment alternative is a tax-sheltered annuity (TSA) marketed by life insurance companies Certain people, depending on occupation, qualify to invest part of their paychecks in a TSA and to pay no federal income tax on this money until it is withdrawn While the money is invested, the insurance companies invest it in either stock or bond portfolios A second alternative open to many people is a plan known as a 401(k), in which employees contribute a portion of their paychecks to purchase stocks, bonds, or mutual funds In some cases, employers match all or part of the employee contributions In many 401(k) systems, the employees can control how their funds are invested A recent study was conducted in North Dakota to estimate the difference in mean annual contributions for individuals covered by the two plans [TSA or 401(k)] A simple random sample of 15 people from the population of adults who are eligible for a TSA investment was selected A second sample of 15 people was selected from the population of adults in North Dakota who have 401(k) plans The variable of interest is the dollar amount of money invested in the retirement plan during the previous year Specifically, we are interested in estimating m1 -m2 using a 95% confidence interval estimate where: m1 = Mean dollars invested by the TSA -eligible population during the past year m2 = Mean dollars invested by the 4011k2-eligible population during the past year  www.downloadslide.com E s t i m a t i on a nd H y po t he s i s Te s t i n g f o r Two Po p u l a t i o n Pa m e t e rs TSA–Eligible 401(k)–Eligible n1 = 15 x1 = +2,119.70 s1 = +709.70 n2 = 15 x2 = +1,777.70 s2 = +593.90 Before applying the t-distribution, we need to determine whether the assumptions are likely to be satisfied First, the samples are considered independent because the amount invested by one group should have no influence on the likelihood that any specific amount will be found for the second sample Next, Figure shows the sample data and the box and whisker plots for the two samples These plots exhibit characteristics that are reasonably consistent with those associated with normal distributions and approximately equal variances Although using a box and whisker plot to check the t-distribution assumptions may seem to be imprecise, studies have shown the t-distribution to be applicable even when there are small violations of the assumptions This is particularly the case when the sample sizes are approximately equal.2 Equation can be used to develop the confidence interval estimate for the difference between two population means when you have small independent samples Confidence Interval Estimate for M1 −M2 When S1 and S2 Are Unknown, Independent Samples ( x1 x 2) ts p n1 n2 (4) where: sp t FIGURE Note: TSA, tax-sheltered annuity Pooled standarrd deviation Critical t -value from the t -distribution, with degrees of freedom equaal to n1 n2  |  Box and Whisker Plot Sample Information for the Investment Study  (n1 1)s12 (n2 1)s22 n1 n2 3,300 TSA 3,122 3,253 2,021 2,479 2,318 1,407 2,641 1,648 2,439 1,059 2,799 1,714 951 2,372 1,572 401(k) 1,781 2,594 1,615 334 2,322 2,234 2,022 1,603 1,395 1,604 2,676 1,773 1,156 2,092 1,465 2,830 2,330 1,830 1,330 830 TSA 401(k) 330 Box and Whisker Plot Five-Number Summary TSA 401(k) 951 334 Minimum 1,465 First Quartile 1,572 2,318 1,773 Median 2,234 d Quartile 2,641 3,253 2,676 Maximum www.downloadslide.com E s t i m a t i on a nd H y po t h e s i s Te s t i n g f o r Two Po p u l a t i o n Pa m e t e rs To use Equation 4, we must compute the pooled standard deviation, sp If the equalvariance assumption holds, then both s21 and s22 are estimators of the same population variance, s2 To use only one of these, say s21, to estimate s2 would be disregarding the information obtained from the other sample To use the average of s21 and s22, if the sample sizes were different, would ignore the fact that more information about s2 is obtained from the sample having the larger sample size We therefore use a weighted average of s21 and s22, denoted as s2p, to estimate s2, where the weights are the degrees of freedom associated with each sample The square root of s2p is known as the pooled standard deviation and is computed using sp (n1 1)s12 (n2 1)s22 n1 n2 Notice that the sample size we have available to estimate s2 is n1 + n2 However, to produce sp, we must first calculate s21 and s22 This requires that we estimate m1 and m2 using x1 and x2, respectively The degrees of freedom are equal to the sample size minus the parameters estimated before the variance estimate is obtained Therefore, our degrees of freedom must equal n1 + n2 - For the retirement investing example, the pooled standard deviation is sp (n1 1)s12 (n2 1)s22 n1 n2 (15 1)(709.7)2 (15 1)(593.9)2 15 15 654.37 Using the t-distribution table, the critical t-value for n1 + n2 - = 15 + 15 - = 28 degrees of freedom and 95% confidence is t = 2.0484 Now we can develop the interval estimate using Equation 4: ( x1 (2,119.70 x2 ) 1, 777.70) 342 tsp n1 n2 2.0484(654.37) 15 15 489.45 Thus, the 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference in mean dollars for people who invest in a TSA versus those who invest in a 401(k) is - +147.45 … 1m1 - m2 … +831.45 This confidence interval estimate crosses zero and therefore indicates there may be no difference between the mean contributions to TSA accounts and to 401(k) accounts by adults in North Dakota The implication of this result is that the average amount invested by those individuals who invest in pretax TSA programs is no more or no less than that invested by those participating in after-tax 401(k) programs Based on this result, there may be an opportunity to encourage the TSA investors to increase deposits EXAMPLE CONFIDENCE INTERVAL ESTIMATE FOR M1 − M2 WHEN S1 AND S2 ARE UNKNOWN, USING INDEPENDENT SAMPLES stocklight/Shutterstock Andreason Marketing, Inc Andreason Marketing, Inc has been hired by a major newspaper in the U.S to estimate the difference in mean time that newspaper subscribers spend reading the Saturday newspaper when subscribers age 50 and under are compared with those more than 50 years old A simple random sample of six people age 50 or younger and eight people over 50 participated in the study The estimate can be developed using the following steps:  www.downloadslide.com E s t i m a t i on a nd H y po t he s i s Te s t i n g f o r Two Po p u l a t i o n Pa m e t e rs Step Define the population parameter of interest and select independent samples from the two populations The objective here is to estimate the difference between the two age groups with respect to the mean time spent reading the Saturday edition of the newspaper The parameter of interest is m1 - m2 The marketing company has selected simple random samples of six “younger” and eight “older” people Because the reading time by one person does not influence the reading time for any other person, the samples are independent Step Specify the confidence level The marketing firm wishes to have a 95% confidence interval estimate Step Compute the point estimate The resulting sample means and sample standard deviations for the two groups are age … 50: x1 = 13.6 minutes s1 = 3.1 minutes n1 = age 50: x2 = 11.2 minutes s2 = 5.0 minutes n2 = The point estimate is x1 x2 13.6 11.2 2.4 minutes Step Determine the standard error of the sampling distribution The pooled standard deviation is computed using sp (n1 1) s12 (n2 1) s22 n1 n2 (6 1)3.12 (8 1)52 4.31 The standard error is then calculated as sp n1 n1 4.31 2.3277 Step Determine the critical value, t, from the t-distribution table Because the population standard deviations are unknown, the critical value will be a t-value from the t-distribution as long as the population variances are equal and the populations are assumed to be normally distributed The critical t for 95% confidence and + - = 12 degrees of freedom is t = 2.1788 Step Develop a confidence interval using Equation ( x1 x2 ) tsp n1 n2 where: sp (n1 1) s12 (n2 1) s22 n1 n2 (6 1)3.12 (8 1)52 Then the interval estimate is 2.4 2.6715  2.1788(4.31) 5.0715 ( 2) 7.4715 4.31 www.downloadslide.com E s t i m a t i on a nd H y po t h e s i s Te s t i n g f o r Two Po p u l a t i o n Pa m e t e rs Because the interval crosses zero, we cannot conclude that a difference exists between the age groups with respect to the mean reading time for the Saturday edition Thus, with respect to this factor, it does not seem to matter whether the person is 50 or younger or over 50 >> END EXAMPLE TRY PROBLEM What If the Population Variances Are Not Equal? If you have reason to believe that the population variances are substantially different, Equation is not appropriate for computing the confidence interval Instead of computing the pooled standard deviation as part of the confidence interval formula, we use Equations and Confidence Interval for M1 − M2 When S1 and S2 Are Unknown and Not Equal, Independent Samples ( x1 x ) t s12 n1 s22 n2 (5) where: t is from the t-distribution with degrees of freedom computed using Degrees of Freedom for Estimating Difference between Population Means When S1 and S2 Are Not Equal df Andre Blais/Shutterstock EXAMPLE (s12 /n1 (s12 /n1 )2 n1 s22 /n2 )2 (s22 /n2 )2 n2 (6) ESTIMATING M1 − M2 WHEN THE POPULATION VARIANCES ARE NOT EQUAL Citibank The marketing managers at Citibank are planning to roll out a new marketing campaign addressed at increasing bank card use As one part of the campaign, the company will be offering a low interest rate incentive to induce people to spend more money using its charge cards However, the company is concerned whether this plan will have a different impact on married card holders than on unmarried card holders So, prior to starting the marketing campaign nationwide, the company tests it on a random sample of 30 unmarried and 25 married customers The managers wish to estimate the difference in mean credit card spending for unmarried versus married for a two-week period immediately after being exposed to the marketing campaign Based on past data, the managers have reason to believe the spending distributions for unmarried and married will be approximately normally distributed, but they are unwilling to conclude the population variances for spending are equal for the two populations A 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference in population means can be developed using the following steps: Step Define the population parameter of interest The parameter of interest is the difference between the mean dollars spent on credit cards by unmarried versus married customers in the two-week period after being exposed to Citi’s new marketing program Step Specify the confidence level The research manager wishes to have a 95% confidence interval estimate Step Compute the point estimate Independent samples of 30 unmarried and 25 married customers were taken, and the credit card spending for each sampled customer during  www.downloadslide.com E s t i m a t i on a nd H y po t he s i s Te s t i n g f o r Two Po p u l a t i o n Pa m e t e rs the two-week period was recorded The following sample results were observed: Mean St Dev Unmarried Married $455.10 $102.40 $268.90 $ 77.25 The point estimate is the difference between the two sample means: x1 Point estimate x2 455.10 268.90 186.20 Step Determine the standard error of the sampling distribution The standard error is calculated as s12 n1 s22 n2 102.40 30 77.252 25 24.25 Step Determine the critical value, t, from the t-distribution table Because we are unable to assume the population variances are equal, we must first use Equation to calculate the degrees of freedom for the t-distribution This is done as follows: df (s12 /n1 (s12 /n1 )2 n1 s22 /n2 )2 (s22 /n2 )2 n2 (102.40 /30 77.252 /25)2 (102.40 /330)2 (77.252 / 25)2 29 24 346, 011.98 6, 586.81 52.53 Thus, the degrees of freedom (rounded down) will be 52 At the 95% confidence level, using the t-distribution table, the approximate t-value is 2.0086 Note, since there is no entry for 52 degrees of freedom in the table, we have selected the t-value associated with 95% confidence and 50 degrees of freedom, which provides a slightly larger t-value than would have been the case for 52 degrees of freedom Thus, the interval estimate will be generously wide Step Develop the confidence interval estimate using Equation The confidence interval estimate is computed using ( x1 x2 ) t s12 n1 s22 n2 Then the interval estimate is $455.10 102.40 30 $268.90 2.0086 $186.20 $137.48 $ 48.72 ( 2) 77.252 25 $234.992 $137.48 ————— $234.92 The test provides evidence to conclude unmarried customers, after being introduced to the marketing program, spend more than married customers, on average, by anywhere from $137.48 to $234.92 in the two weeks following the marketing campaign But before concluding that the campaign is more effective for unmarried than married customers, the managers would want to compare these results with data from customer accounts prior to the marketing campaign >> END EXAMPLE TRY PROBLEM  www.downloadslide.com I nt rod u c t i o n t o Q u a l i t y a n d St a t i s t i c a l Pro c e s s Co n t ro l References Evans, James R., and William M Lindsay, Managing for Quality and Performance Excellence (Cincinnati, OH: SouthWestern College Publishing, 2007) Foster, S Thomas, Managing Quality: Integrating the Supply Chain and Student CD PKG, 3rd ed (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2007)  Microsoft Excel 2010 (Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corp., 2010) Mitra, Amitava, Fundamentals of Quality Control and Improvement, 2d ed (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998) www.downloadslide.com Index Page references followed by "f" indicate illustrated figures or photographs; followed by "t" indicates a table 401(k) plans, 232, 352, 421, 433 A Absenteeism, 588-589 Abstract, 63, 146 Accountability, 118 Accountants, 135, 152, 320, 402, 543 Accounting, 26, 64, 155-156, 179, 190, 402, 412, 462, 529, 543, 546, 566, 591, 684, 698, 791, 807, 809, 816, 851 Accounting department, 412, 791 accounts payable, 301 accuracy, 12, 199, 258, 314, 391, 412, 545, 577, 773, 793, 851 Acquisitions, 237, 356, 411 addresses, 9, 20, 75, 149, 184, 442, 493, 499, 541, 567, 594 Adjustment process, 768 adjustments, 79-80, 136, 364, 412, 546, 652, 766, 857 Administrators, 217, 313, 407, 609, 638-639 Advances, 1, 147, 449, 649, 726 Advantages, 6, 14-15, 26, 28, 31, 77, 104, 131, 135, 162, 543, 595, 653, 770 Advergaming, 132 Advertising, 5-6, 30, 68, 74, 87, 118, 165, 217-218, 234-235, 238, 309, 337, 342, 392, 394, 409-411, 418, 465, 529, 565, 601, 648, 651, 655, 658, 685, 730, 746, 802, 820, 825 defined, 234, 309 e-mail, 392 local, 118, 238, 309, 409, 529 online, 6, 392 product, 5-6, 30, 68, 217-218, 235, 409, 411, 418, 465, 565, 601, 825 retail, 6, 74, 217, 465, 565, 746, 825 types of, 5, 30, 238, 409, 746 Advertising agencies, 418 Advertising campaign, 217-218, 337, 418, 529 Affect, 10-11, 13, 80, 92, 118, 134-135, 193, 244, 273, 283, 327-328, 334, 347, 353, 359, 397, 446, 487, 492, 499, 519, 533, 540, 546, 566, 671, 681, 695, 732, 772, 789 African Americans, 597 Age, 5-6, 8-9, 33, 39, 55, 65, 107, 109, 117, 132, 138, 144, 164-165, 169-171, 174, 184, 186-187, 191, 203, 217-218, 260, 313, 350, 352, 385, 391, 409, 423-425, 463, 531-532, 534-537, 544, 591, 596-597, 601, 645, 649, 662-666, 671, 677-680, 709, 724, 727, 731, 802 Agencies, 1, 37, 320, 412, 418, 546, 653 agenda, 358 Agent, 68, 235, 270, 488-489, 564, 683, 821 Agents, 132, 284, 481, 738 report, 284 agreement, 9, 135, 206 Agreements, 746 AIDS, 175, 450, 685 AIG, 52 Aircraft, 182, 267, 309, 853 business, 267 Alabama, 44, 379, 381 All-inclusive, 40-43, 77, 84 Animals, 120, 543 Annuity, 258, 421-422 life, 258, 421 tax-sheltered, 421-422 units, 258 variable, 421 anticipate, 651 appearance, 719 Application, 1-3, 5-8, 14-18, 20, 25, 32, 38-39, 43, 49, 55, 58, 65, 68, 76, 81, 84, 88, 90, 108-110, 115, 121, 123, 144, 146, 148, 156-157, 159, 161, 166, 169-170, 172-173, 175, 177-178, 180-181, 202, 206-208, 211, 213, 221-222, 224, 226, 247, 249, 251, 253, 264, 268, 278, 281, 287, 302, 304, 320, 324-325, 328, 331, 338-339, 347-348, 364-365, 368-369, 371, 376-377, 381, 386, 393-394, 400, 421, 433, 435, 443-444, 451-452, 470, 472, 476, 478, 481, 485, 499, 501, 503, 508, 519, 523, 530-531, 553, 564-565, 571, 575, 584, 588, 603, 610, 612-613, 622, 627, 634, 637-638, 653, 679, 689, 711, 735, 744, 747, 754, 756-758, 762, 768, 786, 798, 803, 807, 809, 816-817, 832, 835-836, 844, 847 Applications, 1, 6, 11, 14, 18-19, 24, 27, 29, 31, 43, 52, 63, 73, 75-76, 78, 84, 98-99, 105, 117, 124, 126, 131, 142, 149, 152-153, 162-163, 184, 188-190, 195, 200, 204-205, 207, 217, 219-220, 225, 230, 233-234, 241, 244-245, 257, 265, 268, 270, 276, 282, 284, 286, 299, 304, 308, 311, 313, 318, 334-335, 342, 347, 350, 353, 355, 358, 360, 364-366, 368, 373, 384, 391, 398-399, 402, 404, 406, 415, 427, 429-430, 441, 449, 457, 459, 462, 467, 469-470, 477, 480, 486, 488, 492, 496, 515-516, 528, 539, 543, 548, 550, 567, 582, 592, 595, 599, 601, 609, 631, 634, 642, 646, 648, 655, 683, 704, 731, 746, 771, 782, 786, 795, 798, 801, 813, 816, 820, 822, 824, 826, 829, 838, 847 Argentina, 223 arguments, 368 ARM, 429, 611, 788 Art, 27, 462, 661, 681, 734, 784 Asia, 458 Assessment method, 158-160, 162, 164, 174-175, 186-187, 190, 194, 201, 206 Assets, 164, 175, 190, 235-236, 386, 391, 402, 705 current, 402, 705 Asterisk, 102 attention, 60, 80, 87, 115, 127, 135, 185, 464, 488, 494, 518, 546, 595, 686, 727, 824, 851 Attitudes, 103, 407, 451, 592, 825 Attorneys, 58, 99, 303, 587 Attribute, 7, 245, 302, 304, 306-307, 311, 318, 325, 345, 349-351, 376, 390, 474, 844-845, 847, 850, 855-856 attributes, 8, 32, 308, 534, 643, 704, 790, 847, 849 audience, 5, 30, 193, 218, 409, 643, 802 primary, size of, 193, 218 auditing, 199, 529 Auditors, 259, 334, 386-388, 391, 529 compliance, 387 internal, 259, 386-388, 391 Audits, 148, 152, 155-156, 164, 464 Australia, 61, 168, 274, 308, 597 Authority, 54 Automobile industry, 55, 629, 727 Automobile insurance, 386, 462 availability, 14, 25-26, 81, 119, 385, 412 testing, 385, 412 Available, 7-9, 17, 22, 90, 97, 110, 132, 134, 145-146, 149, 161-162, 184, 191-192, 204-205, 222, 238, 280, 284, 301, 309, 329, 337, 353, 357, 361, 399, 409, 412, 423, 482, 510, 516, 524, 534, 567, 578, 582, 597, 646, 662, 665, 678, 681, 700, 704-705, 709, 719, 721, 734, 741-742, 744, 757, 774-775, 788-791, 797, 847, 850, 856 B Baby boomers, 192, 351 backup, 191, 392, 593, 728 Balance sheet, 65 Banking crisis, 107 Bankruptcy, 64, 74, 133 Banks, 17, 107, 137, 146-147, 267, 343, 516, 747, 773 bar charts, 3, 33, 55-58, 62, 76, 78, 137, 841-842 Barcelona, 127 Base salary, 107, 314, 429, 604 Base year, 75, 739, 741, 743-744, 746 Basket of goods, 633, 709, 720, 725, 744 Behavior, 11, 350, 588 Belgium, 437 Benefits, 116, 126, 309-310, 344, 442, 489, 588, 814 service, 126, 309, 344, 489 biases, 14 Bicycles, 162, 313 Bid, 161-162, 184-185, 235 billing, 25, 106, 137, 217, 402, 548, 591, 642, 735, 816, 856, 858 board of directors, 63, 235, 464, 637, 650 Bonds, 174, 421, 592 Boomers, 192, 351 Borrowing, 592 brackets, 19, 479 brainstorming, 662 Brand, 5-6, 22, 38, 64, 79, 132, 162, 183, 229, 247, 260, 266, 299, 410, 437-438, 446-448, 518, 540, 543, 684, 789, 826 Brand names, 518 Brands, 22, 183, 236, 280, 316, 418, 443, 448, 452, 463, 499, 789, 826 generic, 236, 448 individual, 316, 463, 499 manufacturer, 443, 826 national, 236, 443, 463 store, 183, 316, 789 Brazil, 204 Breakdown, 82, 164, 169, 187 Bridges, 583 Broker, 545, 737 Brokers, 37, 666 Brussels, Belgium, 437 Budget, 9, 17, 19, 30, 75, 134, 338, 385-386, 546, 651, 730, 733, 746 defined, 19 Bulgaria, 343 Bureau of Labor Statistics, 19, 118, 219, 309, 344, 385, 478, 633, 644, 743-744, 783 Business environment, 2, 32, 327, 686 Business ethics, 351 business intelligence, 1, 29, 32 Business operations, 727 Business plan, 489 tests, 489 Business process, 571 Business review, 731 Business Week, 1, 29, 33, 73, 106-107, 119, 219, 259, 343, 403 Buyers, 216, 304, 308, 462 C Call centers, 344, 494 Campus bookstores, 527 Canada, 67, 74, 112, 157, 171, 308, 374, 393, 397, 420, 517, 528, 566, 575, 783 Capabilities, 661, 727, 750 Capacity, 14, 64-65, 69, 74, 81, 109, 193, 223, 244, 259, 267, 314, 336, 350, 465, 474, 517, 578-579, 581, 583, 727, 788 Capital, 24, 43-45, 48-51, 65, 119, 168, 187, 259, 597, 676, 719 customer, 24, 48-49, 65, 187, 259 growth, 65, 676, 719 human, 119, 187, 259 working, 168, 597 capitalization, 133 Career, 1, 10, 26, 30, 33-34, 146, 546, 548, 652, 728 Case study, 148, 217 Cash flow, 772, 791 Cash flows, 735 861 www.downloadslide.com cause and effect, 608 CDC, 127, 284 Cell phones, 313-314, 359, 392-393 Census data, 15 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 127, 284 CDC, 127, 284 Central Limit Theorem, 277, 294, 296-298, 304, 311-312, 315, 318, 320, 322-324, 328, 364, 370, 419, 832, 834 Certainty, 7, 32, 153, 161, 196 Channels, 595 Character, 92, 192, 621 Cheating, 802 Checking accounts, 650 Checkout, 11, 221-223, 407-408, 442, 545, 595 Chief financial officer, 610 Chief operating officer, 90 Children, 10, 138, 191, 203, 205, 240, 478, 548, 596, 814 China, 74, 106, 191, 308, 386, 462 Chinese, 134, 191, 226, 231, 356 Chinese yuan, 134 Claimant, 58 Claims, 5, 87, 126, 206, 251, 300, 366, 395, 399, 403, 407, 462, 464, 529, 567, 576, 593, 597, 607, 778-780, 782, 791, 802-803, 813, 827 investigation, 802 Classical approach, 159 Classification, 28, 584 Climate, 34, 726, 825 clothing, 106, 223, 285, 733, 743 Clusters, 18-19, 32, 72 Collapse, 11, 580 Colleges, 23, 31, 78, 81, 96-98, 115-118, 124, 127, 138-139, 186, 442, 458, 464, 490, 493, 584, 611, 632, 648-649, 787 Collision, 402 Columbia, 171, 176, 351, 593 Columns, 3, 16, 23, 49-51, 66-67, 69, 91, 138, 287-288, 358, 382, 436-437, 482, 486, 509, 513, 518, 528, 535, 537, 585-586, 590, 605, 619, 663, 689-690, 692-693, 695-696, 715, 758, 760-762, 769, 776, 780, 818, 836, 841-842 Commercial banks, 147 Commitment, 308, 352, 547, 728 Commodities, 112 Communication, 42, 191-192, 255, 393 Companies, 1-5, 8, 11, 13-14, 30, 34, 38-39, 55, 57-58, 64, 70-71, 73-74, 80-82, 105, 126, 128, 134-135, 137, 146, 149, 156, 163, 179, 182, 185, 191, 213, 217, 228-229, 231, 287, 304, 308-310, 320, 336-338, 343-344, 350, 364, 366, 409, 418, 421, 428, 437, 441, 458, 462, 464, 517, 519, 521, 523, 530, 543, 545, 548, 567, 609, 619, 650, 652-653, 675-676, 684, 700, 705, 709, 719, 724, 727, 744, 754, 772, 790-791, 824-825, 840, 856 company policy, 608 Compensation, 53, 134, 136, 301, 309, 344, 442, 490, 544, 603, 791 Compete, 38, 271, 350, 412, 791 Competition, 25-26, 87, 149, 226, 343, 366, 412, 518, 652, 789, 791, 827, 847 Competitive advantage, 34, 733 Competitiveness, 30, 457 Competitors, 87, 366, 403, 441, 546-547, 566, 653, 658, 727, 825 complaints, 48, 72, 88-91, 105, 132, 191, 195, 374, 391-392, 574, 579, 582, 588, 610, 802 customer, 48, 72, 88, 132, 191, 392, 574, 582, 610, 802 Compliance, 387, 725 Component parts, 126, 198, 273, 598 compromise, 148, 492 Computer manufacturing, 856 computer programmers, 813 Computer software, 16, 78, 103, 315, 383, 604, 627, 662 Conditions, 131, 134, 161, 206-207, 211, 215, 220, 235, 241, 260, 284, 300, 312, 333, 353, 358, 370, 397, 452, 474, 496, 570, 595, 651, 671, 698, 734, 745, 790, 815, 824, 826, 834-835, 847 Confidence, 29, 319-329, 331-352, 354-361, 392, 398, 406, 409, 414, 418-429, 432, 443, 445-446, 448-452, 457-458, 460-463, 465-466, 469-470, 475-479, 492, 509-510, 518, 545, 550, 570, 597, 601, 635-639, 641-645, 862 647-651, 658, 670, 672-677, 684, 722-724, 729, 786-787, 792, 832 Configuration, 184, 285 Confirmation, 270 Conflict, 338 Congo, 24 Consideration, 15, 31, 126, 193, 369, 441, 465, 514, 516, 528, 539, 543, 545, 576, 640, 651, 734, 817, 843 Consistency, 133, 225, 247, 292, 367, 465, 478, 492, 494, 842 Consolidation, 308 Constraints, 11, 244 Construction, 80, 136, 146, 161, 184-185, 255, 279, 293, 369, 371, 428, 478-479, 510, 546, 746, 758, 772, 834, 850, 854, 857 Consumer preferences, 357, 411 Consumer Price Index, 633, 709, 720, 725, 743 Consumer protection, 342 Consumer spending, 746, 782 Consumers, 5, 74, 79, 132, 163, 219, 273, 300, 313-314, 391, 407, 412, 418, 437, 469, 474, 530, 633, 645, 709, 720, 725, 854 Consumers Union, Consumption, 55, 74, 81, 83, 90, 337-338, 402, 653, 820 Contacts, 232, 273 Content, 7, 54, 149, 540 Contract, 107, 136-137, 156, 161-162, 184-185, 198, 206, 235, 238, 266, 271, 308, 326, 344, 358, 408, 473, 486, 494, 566, 596, 652, 733, 826 Contracts, 79, 81, 112, 184-185, 226, 464, 494, 851 Control, 13, 21, 50, 68, 72, 85, 127, 138, 172, 186, 206, 235, 237, 240, 271, 284, 348, 365, 385-386, 395, 404, 407, 421, 443-444, 446-447, 459, 478, 489, 492-493, 496, 519, 523-524, 527-530, 541, 576, 582, 593, 596, 652, 738, 747, 754-755, 759, 761, 773, 786, 802, 826-827, 831-860 Control methods, 826 Controlling, 327, 395, 404, 410, 443, 445, 459, 467, 519 Convenience sample, 144 Convenience stores, 190, 603 Conversation, 273, 548 conversion, 246, 357, 411 Copayment, 337 Copyright, 1, 33, 87, 143, 151, 197, 243, 277, 319, 363, 417, 469, 497, 551, 569, 601, 657, 733, 797, 831 corporation, 24, 62, 64, 101, 106-107, 135, 147, 161, 164, 182, 185, 190-191, 205, 230, 235, 238, 271-272, 278, 281, 300, 314, 343, 351, 408, 443, 473, 478-479, 493, 508, 516, 519, 530, 566, 584, 683, 801, 815, 825, 852-853 advantages of, 135 professional, 185 Corporations, 64, 75, 164, 190-191, 219-220, 235, 240, 327 Corrective action, 718, 721 cost accounting, 412 Costs, 9, 67, 74, 78, 105, 132, 136, 139, 161, 181, 203, 205, 219-220, 236, 270, 301, 320, 343-344, 355, 367, 370, 399, 402, 412, 442, 452, 464, 469, 479, 493, 517-518, 539, 564, 611-612, 633, 637, 650-653, 699, 725, 727-728, 740, 747, 758, 760-762, 772, 782, 791-792, 821 distribution, 78, 105, 132, 139, 203, 205, 220, 236, 270, 301, 320, 355, 370, 464, 479, 493, 517, 612, 821 labor costs, 792 sales and, 67, 651 Countries, 30, 112, 128, 136, 202, 223, 228, 386, 458, 540, 676, 699, 720, 783 Coupons, 158, 304-306 CPI, 633, 644, 709, 720, 725, 743-745, 783 Credit, 12, 17, 20, 43-45, 48-51, 65, 68, 190, 216, 259, 273, 336, 343, 355, 391-392, 410, 425, 427, 516, 570, 591-592, 610, 654, 772, 826 payment methods, 49 Credit cards, 216, 336, 410, 425, 610 Credit unions, 17 criticism, 135 Cross-tabulation, 50 Culture, 357, 411 Currency, 134, 546 Current account, 137 Current account balances, 137 Current assets, 705 Current ratio, 705 Cursor, 50-51, 225, 760 Curves, 246, 685-686 nonlinear, 685 Customer demand, 571-572, 574 Customer feedback, 608 Customer needs, 184 Customer satisfaction, 1, 13-14, 55, 225, 393, 789, 856 Customer service, 80, 136, 219, 302, 392, 427, 470, 789 Customers, 5, 8, 11-12, 14, 19-22, 24-25, 29, 33-35, 39, 44-45, 48, 50, 55, 64-65, 68, 72, 78, 80, 87, 93, 100-101, 103, 105-106, 109, 114, 117-119, 131-132, 134-136, 138, 152-153, 159-160, 162, 164, 173, 184-187, 190-192, 203-204, 206, 210-216, 218-219, 221-224, 229-230, 233, 237-238, 253-255, 258-259, 262, 264-266, 270, 272-273, 277, 284-285, 287, 289, 300-302, 308, 313-314, 326, 331, 333, 335-336, 341, 343-349, 351-352, 355-357, 359, 366, 378, 381, 384-385, 391-395, 399, 402, 409-410, 412, 420, 425-426, 435, 441-443, 462, 464-465, 470, 487, 489, 494, 499-500, 517, 528, 531, 534, 544-546, 564, 567, 570-572, 577-579, 582-584, 591, 593-595, 604, 610-611, 631, 633-634, 642, 650, 652, 683, 699, 724-725, 727-728, 737, 772, 774, 789-790, 801-802, 807, 825, 832-833, 836, 840, 852, 857 D Damage, 462, 518, 583 Damages, 148 special, 148 data, 1-32, 33-85, 87-142, 143-149, 153, 164, 169, 173-174, 176, 183-187, 191-192, 194-195, 201, 203-206, 220, 232, 235, 237, 241, 251, 253-254, 257, 259-260, 262, 267, 269, 271-273, 276, 278-279, 282-288, 290, 300-301, 307-309, 311, 314-315, 318, 320-321, 329, 331-338, 341-342, 344, 347, 349-353, 356-361, 364-369, 375, 380-386, 388, 390-393, 402-404, 407-411, 413, 415, 418, 421-422, 425-429, 434-444, 446, 448-452, 454-455, 457, 459, 462-465, 467, 470, 472, 474-475, 477-482, 486-491, 493-494, 496, 498-504, 507-531, 533, 535-550, 565-567, 570-579, 581-585, 587-599, 601-602, 604-611, 613, 617-625, 627, 629, 631-637, 640-646, 648-653, 655, 659-663, 665, 667, 671-672, 674-682, 684-690, 692-693, 695-702, 705-706, 708-710, 712-713, 718-728, 730-731, 733-795, 797-822, 824-829, 832, 834, 836-838, 840-844, 847-858 Data collection, 1-32, 143, 146, 148, 357, 411, 548, 789 Data Collection Form, Data mining, 1, 11, 25-27, 29, 32, 71 data model, 759 Data sheet, data storage, 27 Data type, 27-28, 77, 145 data value, 4, 40, 46, 76, 85, 93, 99-100, 102, 123-124, 129, 329, 503, 585, 587, 689, 696, 778, 799 Data warehouse, 257 Database, 1, 34, 54, 65, 74, 79, 107, 118-119, 127, 134, 148, 164, 183, 186, 191, 206, 219, 232, 236, 259, 267, 272, 285, 300, 309, 314, 337, 344, 352, 355-356, 385, 392, 403, 409, 429, 442, 450, 458, 463, 479, 489, 493, 518, 529, 539, 544, 582, 593, 596, 611, 633, 644, 650, 675, 684, 698, 708, 719, 723, 747, 772, 782-783, 788, 802, 814, 821, 826, 850, 856-857 characteristics of, 107, 821 purpose of, 1, 356 systems, 1, 206, 356, 684 uses, 118, 309, 409, 489, 493, 802, 821 database system, 857 Database systems, databases, dates, 858 Death, 236, 286 Debit cards, 190 Debt, 259, 273, 385, 442, 463-464, 489, 493, 516, www.downloadslide.com 771, 782, 791, 798 Decision makers, 2, 5, 12, 15, 22, 30, 43, 72, 101, 119, 129, 153, 161-162, 180, 182, 198, 227, 233, 286, 301, 311, 338, 347, 353, 369, 383, 404, 418, 443, 459, 469, 479, 487, 570, 601, 624, 640, 646, 671, 685, 704, 737, 804, 815, 822, 827 Decision making, 1-2, 11, 26, 30, 33, 108, 152, 161-162, 198, 206, 244-245, 260, 318, 467, 496, 523, 646, 661, 686, 833 Decision support system, 552 Decision-making, 1, 30, 33, 87, 129, 143, 151, 188, 197-198, 200, 225, 233, 243, 277, 319, 353, 363, 368, 404, 417-418, 459, 469, 486, 497, 551, 569, 601-602, 634, 646, 657-658, 704, 721, 733, 797, 822, 831 group, 30, 33 Decision-making process, 319, 353, 797 Defendant, 365, 368, 399 Deflation, 745, 785 Deliverables, 149, 548, 567 Demand, 25, 95, 101, 135, 184, 205, 232, 238, 258, 466, 477, 543, 547, 571-575, 579, 581, 636, 646, 652, 684-685, 700, 727-728, 733, 735, 746-747, 773, 816, 847, 857 aggregate, 746-747 change in, 727, 746-747 prices and, 636 Demand for products, 636 Demographics, 132, 204, 789 Department of Agriculture, 14, 81, 338 Department of Commerce, 747, 773 Department of Defense, 473 Department of Labor, 633, 644, 743, 783 Department of Transportation, 725-726 Department stores, 701 Dependent events, 157, 164, 189-190, 196 Dependent variables, 72, 619-620, 651, 670, 718, 731 Deposit insurance, 107 Deposits, 72, 84, 107, 139, 146, 410, 423, 547, 650 Depression, 458 Deregulation, 653 Derivatives, 709, 720, 725 design, 7, 9-10, 13-14, 29, 32, 54, 95, 255, 258, 274, 366, 381, 451, 474-475, 477-478, 493, 498-499, 502, 508, 519-521, 523, 526-531, 541-545, 548, 550, 561-563, 567, 604, 620-621, 690, 774-777, 789, 803, 822, 827 Detailed analysis, 809 diagrams, 33, 55, 61, 65, 68-70, 72, 76, 154, 175, 484, 552, 564-565, 602, 646 types of, 33, 72, 76 Digital devices, 79 Diminishing returns, 685 Discipline, 1-2, 27 Discounts, 133, 158, 273, 304 Discrimination, 99 Disease, 127, 180, 284, 479 Disposal, 258 Distance, 13, 19, 22, 40-41, 78, 84-85, 100-101, 104, 121, 129, 153, 199, 268, 292, 314, 322, 343, 356, 364, 445-446, 499, 512-513, 519, 539, 544, 614, 653, 752 Distribution, 3, 16-17, 24, 35-43, 45-56, 61, 63-64, 76-79, 81, 83-85, 88, 94-96, 105-108, 110, 119-123, 125-127, 129, 131-135, 139, 141, 145-147, 173-174, 183, 191-192, 198-207, 209-217, 220-237, 241, 244-276, 277-278, 284, 286-301, 304-307, 311-315, 317-318, 319-331, 333-336, 338-339, 341, 345-350, 353, 355, 357, 360-361, 364-365, 370-371, 373-374, 376-377, 379-381, 387-388, 394-398, 404, 406-410, 415, 418-426, 429-433, 436, 438-439, 445-447, 449, 453, 456-458, 462-464, 466-467, 471-474, 476, 479-480, 482-483, 488, 493, 502, 506, 509, 515, 517, 521, 523, 525-526, 535, 553-562, 565, 567, 570-579, 581-583, 587, 590, 594, 596-599, 601, 603-608, 612-613, 615-620, 622-629, 640, 646, 658-659, 664, 695, 703, 710, 714-715, 721, 731, 797-799, 801-803, 805-810, 813, 815, 817-819, 821-822, 824, 826-829, 834, 838, 848, 850-851, 856 case study, 217 Distribution center, 581 Distributors, 648 Diversity, 458 Dividends, 24, 73, 601, 648, 705-706 Documentation, 386-387 Dollar, 44, 60, 72, 88, 106, 117, 184, 286, 298, 315, 335-336, 343, 370, 399, 410, 421, 434, 479, 499-501, 506, 528, 544, 611, 632-633, 701-702, 739, 743, 782 Dollars, 4-5, 8, 11, 20, 22, 24, 52-53, 60, 63, 66, 70, 79, 106-107, 110, 149, 237, 245, 247, 284-285, 324-325, 342, 384, 421, 423, 425, 433, 464, 478-479, 490, 506-507, 520, 543, 545, 620, 632, 634, 648-649, 651, 701, 705, 727, 735, 745, 754-755, 771, 787, 790-791, 826 Dominance, 791 Double-counting, 170 Dow Jones Industrial Average, 744 Downsizing, 650 Downstream, 576 Draft, 358 Drugs, 63-64, 119, 126, 260, 337, 385, 406, 463, 492-493 Duties, 727 Duty, 148 E Earnings, 57, 73, 675, 705, 787-788 test, 675, 787-788 Eastern Europe, 343 EBRI, 192, 352, 392, 597 E-commerce, 747, 773, 793 Economic policy, 493 Economic variables, 658 Economics, 148, 203, 462, 795 Economy, 11, 55, 75, 132, 213, 367, 633-634, 636, 676, 684, 699-700, 708, 720, 747, 783, 792, 820, 857 team, 633, 676, 720, 857 Ecuador, 24 Education, 1, 8, 12, 33, 35-36, 62, 78, 87, 127, 143, 151, 197, 243, 273, 277, 319, 363, 367, 417, 469, 497, 529, 551, 569, 601, 657, 677, 709, 731, 733, 771, 782, 797, 831 Education level, 8, 35, 62, 529, 677 Efficiency, 30, 80, 135, 385, 450, 546 Elections, 19 Electronic data, 27 Electronic equipment, 274, 597, 629 electronic funds transfer, 591 Eligibility, E-mail, 14, 29, 81, 192, 305, 392, 652, 728 advertising, 392 emotions, 593 emphasis, 27, 314, 492, 649, 661, 789 Employee Benefit Research Institute, 192, 218, 352, 392 EBRI, 192, 352, 392 Employee benefits, 116 Employees, 1, 6-7, 19-20, 23, 30-31, 33, 48, 62-63, 70-72, 78, 93, 106, 116, 134, 147, 162, 198-199, 217, 232, 238, 271, 273, 286, 299-300, 309, 314, 331, 342, 344, 351, 356, 366, 374, 384, 391-392, 403, 408, 412, 421, 429, 434, 449-450, 465, 529, 543, 545, 588, 592, 598, 604, 607, 619-622, 624, 640, 649, 687, 690-692, 703-704, 727, 741-742, 781-782, 797, 803, 844, 851, 854, 857 selection of, 300, 356 Employment, 24, 126, 149, 592, 802 endpoints, 131, 325, 353, 361 England, 58, 112, 575 English, 126, 128, 231, 462, 609-610 Enhancement, 274 Entitlement programs, 273 Entrepreneur, 746 Environment, 2, 13, 32, 198, 327, 365, 582, 644, 684, 686, 700, 747, 784, 833, 857 natural, 747, 833 Environmental Protection Agency, 134, 320, 402, 499, 634, 683 Equity, 63, 73, 228, 258, 519, 705 Equity markets, 73 ETC, 6, 8-9, 15, 38, 45, 97, 110, 122, 138, 147, 239, 374, 534, 571, 648, 766-767, 800, 844 Ethics, 351 Business ethics, 351 Europe, 13, 267, 343, 357, 411, 464, 593 European Union, 437 Evaluation, 10, 104, 126, 185, 230, 238, 336, 795 evidence, 13, 127, 198, 232, 364-366, 368-369, 373-375, 379, 381, 383, 390, 392, 399, 404, 407, 415, 426, 429, 432, 436, 438, 448, 453-454, 456, 462-463, 465, 472, 475, 481-482, 486-487, 489, 491, 493-494, 502, 506, 508, 518, 544-545, 549, 565-566, 573, 581, 583, 589, 592, 606, 650, 653, 677, 693-694, 770, 790, 806, 821, 826-827, 852 Exchange, 3, 744, 746 executive summary, 384 Expansion, 205, 727 expect, 10, 122, 136, 152, 198, 213, 217, 221, 223, 272, 280, 284, 289, 291-292, 303, 308, 313, 320, 325, 350-351, 361, 369, 408, 447, 469, 474, 542, 571, 585, 587, 598, 611, 613, 632, 634-635, 639, 642-643, 658, 680, 683, 711, 728, 736, 753, 762, 781, 786-787, 798, 800, 804, 810, 822, 834-835 Expectations, 30, 436, 727, 854 Expenditures, 24, 309, 337, 385, 723, 730, 782 defined, 309 Expenses, 119, 127, 324, 337, 385-386, 548, 609, 728, 772 Experience, 1, 14, 25, 73, 80-81, 135, 138, 148, 161, 186-187, 204, 236, 238, 265, 365-366, 392, 412, 429, 435, 443, 478, 546, 607-608, 611-613, 617, 624, 629, 640, 728, 784, 814, 825 expertise, 161, 358, 412, 517 Explanations, 153 Explosion, 26 F Facebook, 26 Fads, 789 Failure, 159, 206, 210, 215, 226, 231, 233-234, 241, 258, 266, 407, 428, 516, 565, 801 Family, 16, 40, 64, 79, 138, 185, 191, 204, 245, 272, 286, 328, 353, 361, 369, 429, 494, 514, 546-547, 643, 652, 683, 699-700, 724, 731, 747, 791, 798, 825 FAST, 52, 63-64, 80, 131, 134-135, 270, 314, 336, 344, 412, 419, 545, 548, 652, 728, 754 Favors, 124, 235, 810 Feature, 19, 33, 194, 213, 284, 331, 351, 652, 728, 834 Federal Aviation Administration, 358 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 107 Federal funds rate, 747, 773 Federal government, 75, 185, 308, 316, 337, 382, 489, 650, 726, 825 Federal income tax, 127, 421, 463 Federal Reserve, 11, 17, 259, 428-429, 747, 773 Federal Reserve Bank, 17, 428 Federal Reserve Board, 17, 259, 747, 773 Federal Trade Commission, 87 Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 87 FTC, 87 feedback, 608 giving, 608 Field studies, 393 Fields, 50, 205, 442, 545 Finance, 53, 107, 120, 134, 191, 494, 610, 648, 652, 728, 771-772, 782 Financial crises, 14 Financial crisis, 10, 314, 369 Financial institutions, 11, 17-18, 54, 267, 392 Financial management, 149, 567 Financial resources, 80, 136, 546 Financial services, 63, 146-147, 149, 402, 567 Financial services industry, 149, 567 Financial systems, 809-810 Fire, 14, 42, 258, 412-413, 517, 843 Firms, 1, 4, 11, 26, 107, 127, 135, 140, 232, 310, 351, 458, 465, 653, 727, 790-791, 807, 816, 857 Fit tests, 331, 569-599 Flexibility, 9, 123, 132 Flood, 75 Flood insurance, 75 flowcharts, 552 Focus group, 357, 411, 809 Focus groups, 357, 411 Food, 6-7, 10, 14, 16-17, 19, 25, 34, 52, 64, 80, 108, 114, 135, 152, 198, 206, 229, 257-258, 268, 270, 337, 344, 357, 364-365, 385, 407, 410-413, 419, 428, 451, 479, 530, 540, 545-547, 574-575, 611, 644, 740, 743, 754, 832, 836 production, 108, 365, 385, 407, 412, 419, 428, 479, 540, 575, 743 Food and Drug Administration, 364 Forecasting, 733-795 863 www.downloadslide.com sales, 734-739, 744-745, 747-753, 756-757, 762-764, 766-767, 769-771, 773-775, 777, 783, 786-787, 790-793 Forecasts, 267, 652, 684, 700, 728, 733-734, 747, 751-752, 756-757, 761-762, 768, 770-773, 776-778, 780-781, 783-784, 786-788, 790, 793, 795 Foreign competition, 652, 791 fractions, 107 France, 46, 202 Franchises, 529, 789 Freddie Mac, 408 Freedom, 9, 32, 65, 328-329, 331, 333-334, 353-354, 361, 379-381, 383, 422-426, 434, 438-439, 445-447, 460-461, 471-474, 476, 480, 482-483, 485, 487, 494, 500-501, 505-507, 511, 514-516, 520-523, 525-527, 531-532, 535, 541, 543, 554-555, 557, 559-561, 565, 573, 575, 577-579, 585, 587, 589, 606, 608, 625, 629-630, 637-638, 664, 667-669, 675-676, 695, 703, 730, 817-818 Freezing, 310 Frequency, 33-43, 46-57, 59, 68, 76-81, 83-85, 87-88, 94-97, 121, 132, 134-135, 137, 145-147, 157, 159-162, 164, 166, 169, 173-175, 177, 180, 183, 185-189, 191-192, 194-196, 200-202, 206, 215, 219, 235, 260, 266-267, 270, 272-273, 287-288, 290-291, 295-296, 301, 315, 320, 357, 546, 572-573, 575-576, 578-583, 585-586, 589-590, 596, 598, 714, 724, 734, 795, 834 FTC, 87 Fund, 133, 288, 385, 409, 490, 529, 544, 584, 592, 595, 619 Fungus, 565 G Gambling, 391 Gender, 8, 13, 25, 49-51, 55, 65, 137-138, 144, 173-175, 191, 198, 219, 228, 393, 458, 539, 584-588, 593-594, 677, 684, 689, 691-692, 695, 731, 789 gender bias, 198 Generation X, 192, 351 Generation Y, 192 Georgia, 259, 261, 377, 701 Germany, 19, 99, 652, 791 Gifts, 117, 451, 611 Global Positioning System, 392 GPS, 392 Goals, 64, 106, 851-852 Gold, 117 Goods, 6, 34, 158, 171, 457, 565, 596, 633, 644, 709, 720, 725, 728, 733, 743-744, 783 basket of, 633, 709, 720, 725, 744 free, 709 normal, 457 private, 596 Government, 2, 11, 14, 75, 105, 107, 118, 185, 308-309, 316, 337, 344, 366, 382, 412, 449-450, 489, 633, 642, 650, 726, 825, 857 intervention, 14 Government Accountability Office, 118 Government intervention, 14 GPS, 392, 655 Grants, 186 Graphs, 1-4, 6, 27, 31, 33-85, 87, 107, 119, 129, 137-138, 143, 147, 149, 358, 501, 567, 621, 715-717, 789, 792, 837 Great Recession, 54 grooming, 64, 465 Gross national product, 737 defined, 737 Group, 8-9, 13, 17-18, 30, 33, 42, 50, 57-58, 64, 79, 95, 118-119, 126, 132-133, 138-139, 165, 169-171, 174, 184, 187, 191, 199, 208, 211, 236, 258, 274, 294, 300-301, 303, 313, 335, 342-344, 350, 352, 356-357, 359, 385, 395, 398, 407, 410-411, 422, 438, 443, 445, 450, 452, 458, 462-463, 485, 490, 492, 511, 516-517, 527-529, 531, 534, 541, 544, 565, 567, 590, 596, 599, 676, 739-740, 756, 789, 795, 800-801, 809, 813, 819-820, 825, 832, 839 groups, 8, 13, 17-18, 32, 40, 42, 51, 58, 78, 95, 101, 126, 139, 141, 356-357, 411, 424-425, 436, 438, 442, 489, 511, 515, 517, 519, 528-529, 531, 534-535, 537, 578, 583, 596, 684, 756, 813, 816, 819, 826 864 development of, 517 Growth rate, 128, 386, 739 Guidelines, 41, 149, 337, 365-366, 567, 734 H Harvesting, 547, 698-699 headings, 187, 211, 436 Health care, 64, 324-325, 342, 349, 772, 856 Health insurance, 65, 399, 403, 458 group, 458 high-deductible, 458 Health savings accounts, 342 Hierarchy, 21-22 hiring process, 123 Holding company, 402 Home health care, 772 Hong Kong, 3, 177-178 Hospitals, 65, 84, 186, 266 Housing market, 107, 489, 651 Housing prices, 53, 79, 107, 450, 651, 797 HTML, 18 HTTP, 5, 17-18, 271, 743-744 Human capital, 119, 187, 259 Human resources, 6, 82, 123, 126-127, 136, 180, 309, 352, 408, 429, 588, 687, 782 Hurricanes, 25 hypothesis, 2, 5-6, 27, 31, 244, 278, 363-415, 417-467, 469-496, 498-501, 503, 505-510, 513, 515-523, 525-529, 535-538, 540-543, 549, 552-553, 556, 558, 561, 564-565, 570, 573, 575, 577-579, 581-585, 587-595, 597, 599, 601, 604, 606-611, 625, 628-631, 633-635, 643, 646, 649-651, 654, 658, 667, 669, 675-676, 683-684, 693, 695-700, 703, 714, 723-725, 730, 754, 756, 759, 771-773, 787, 789, 797-799, 801-803, 805-811, 814-815, 817, 819-822, 824, 826, 828-829, 832, 838, 840-841, 847 I Ice, 162, 379, 747-754, 756-757 identity theft, 108, 391, 402 illustration, 33 Image, 245, 276, 825 country, 825 Implementation, 81, 357, 411 Imports, 118, 202, 700, 783 Impression, 466 Inc., 1-3, 24, 33, 72-74, 79, 81, 87, 117, 126-127, 136, 143, 151, 156, 158, 163, 185, 197, 205-206, 219, 235-237, 243, 257, 272-273, 277, 299, 301, 304-306, 319, 344, 352, 358, 363, 374, 392, 402, 408, 411, 417, 423, 429-430, 432, 441, 452, 469, 492-493, 497-498, 512, 529, 540, 551, 569, 575, 584, 596, 601, 611, 657, 726, 733, 738, 746, 754-756, 782, 797, 831, 850-852, 856-857 Incentives, 232 Income, 5-6, 8-10, 12, 22, 24, 39-40, 57-58, 63, 65, 83, 92, 99, 107-108, 126-127, 135, 144, 272-273, 309, 335, 337, 342, 351, 356, 386, 391, 393, 395, 402, 407, 409-410, 421, 429, 442, 458, 462-463, 479, 489, 494, 515, 544, 582, 610, 649, 654, 658, 684, 699-700, 705, 723-724, 731, 744, 786-787, 798, 807-808 decrease in, 356, 684 differences in, 463 disposable, 658 increase in, 10, 63, 107, 356, 458, 479, 700 market, 5-6, 22, 107, 309, 335, 356, 391, 489, 699-700, 724, 744, 807 national, 8, 107, 272, 337, 356, 458, 462-463, 610, 699-700, 724, 744 per capita, 273 personal, 6, 12, 144, 391, 393, 410, 494, 658 Income distribution, 24, 63, 273 Income tax, 127, 391, 395, 407, 421, 463 Independent events, 157, 175, 178-179, 184, 188-189, 194, 196, 207-208 Independent variables, 68, 70, 72, 642, 646, 648, 658-663, 665-672, 674-679, 681-683, 687, 689, 693, 695-698, 700-701, 703-705, 708-712, 718-721, 723, 725, 727-728, 730-732, 755, 761, 770 Indexes, 737, 739-741, 743-744, 763, 766, 768, 770-772, 784, 787-788, 793 India, 74, 233, 698 Industry, 16, 54-55, 63, 73-74, 78-80, 90, 126, 133, 135, 147, 149, 192, 198, 223, 258-259, 270, 273, 299-300, 309, 344, 356, 364, 392-393, 403, 409-410, 412, 427, 430, 545, 567, 588, 593, 609, 629, 643-644, 652-653, 677, 708, 719, 727, 762, 786, 791, 840, 856 Inequality, 377 infer, 308, 456, 514, 527, 640, 825 Inflation, 75, 78, 118, 314, 429, 442, 464, 490, 544, 632-633, 644-645, 658, 672-673, 675-677, 709, 722, 732, 743-744, 783, 787 costs of, 464 unemployment and, 644 Inflation rate, 633, 644-645, 658, 744, 783 Information, 1-2, 4, 6-7, 11-12, 15, 17, 24-27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 39, 41, 43, 49-50, 52-54, 58-59, 64, 79-81, 84, 87-88, 104, 106-107, 110, 118-119, 125, 127, 129, 133-136, 143-144, 147-149, 157, 161-162, 169, 173, 180-181, 184-185, 191, 204, 214-215, 232, 238, 254, 258, 260, 262, 267, 271, 278, 301, 308-309, 314-315, 320, 324, 326, 329, 334-335, 337, 350-352, 355-357, 365, 368-370, 375, 384, 390-392, 398, 401-402, 407-408, 411-413, 418, 422-423, 427, 440, 457, 459, 461-463, 465, 488-489, 494, 509-510, 516, 523, 528, 532, 535, 537, 546, 548, 566-567, 576, 578, 583, 593, 629, 633-634, 637, 640, 643, 650-651, 661, 671, 684, 698, 700, 708-709, 719, 723-725, 727, 732, 747, 752, 782, 788-789, 791, 797, 812, 814, 816-817, 820, 850, 856-858 Information systems, 12, 578, 816-817 Information technology, 81, 392 Infrastructure, 161 Initial public offering, 356 IPO, 356 Initial Quality Study, 643 Injury, 6, 356, 463 advertising, personal, Innovation, 25-26, 458 Innovations, 789 Inspector General, 391 Insurance, 37, 64-65, 75, 107-108, 148, 203, 337, 349, 355, 386, 399, 402-403, 421, 458, 462, 597, 725, 778-780, 791, 802, 856 applications, 75, 355, 399, 402, 462 brokers, 37 gap, 458 score, 107 statistics and, 108 types of, 75 Insurers, 63, 350 commercial, 63 domestic, 350 private, 63 intelligence, 1, 29, 32, 126, 746, 782 Interest, 1, 3, 7-9, 13-17, 20, 32, 35-36, 39, 43, 46, 51, 54, 57, 59, 61, 65, 67, 69-70, 73-74, 85, 88, 90-91, 99, 112, 114, 120, 124, 126, 129, 133, 144, 148, 153, 155-156, 158-160, 163, 167, 170-171, 174, 176, 179-180, 193, 196, 207, 209, 211-212, 220-223, 226, 228-229, 241, 244-245, 248-249, 254-256, 260-264, 269, 284-285, 294, 298, 301-302, 306-307, 318, 319, 324, 326, 333-334, 339-340, 342-343, 345-346, 349-350, 353, 361, 367-368, 373-375, 377-381, 386, 388, 395-398, 408-409, 420-421, 424-425, 427, 431, 433, 437, 442, 445, 447, 451, 453-455, 473-474, 483-484, 487, 489, 491, 498-499, 506, 512, 514-516, 519, 523-524, 526, 528, 530-531, 537, 541, 545, 550, 570, 584, 592-594, 597, 607, 650, 677, 699-700, 734, 747, 763-764, 773, 790, 792, 803, 814, 817, 821-822, 827, 835, 847-848, 850, 856, 858 credit, 17, 20, 43, 51, 65, 343, 425, 427, 516, 570, 592 Interest rate, 54, 425, 650, 747, 773 Interest rates, 1, 516 real, Internal control, 386 Internal Revenue Service, 19, 127, 135, 179, 235, 352, 391 IRS, 135, 179, 235, 391 International Banking, 582 Internet, 1, 6, 25-26, 39, 65, 119, 147, 164-166, 173, 175, 187, 231, 258, 262, 264, 284, 314-315, 336, 356, 385, 391-392, 402, 408-409, 458, www.downloadslide.com 462, 527, 531, 543, 548, 577-578, 591, 611, 722, 786, 788 defined, 119 search engines, 26 Interviews, 6-7, 11-12, 27, 32, 350, 359, 393, 603, 650 Inventories, 728 Inventory, 11, 20, 79, 105, 162, 171, 176-178, 185-186, 204, 219, 231, 258, 314, 356, 464, 641, 727-728, 856 Inventory management, 219 Investment, 4, 24, 57, 63, 133-134, 153, 168, 174, 220, 232, 236, 258, 285, 287-288, 290, 351-352, 391-392, 409, 421-422, 433-434, 592, 607, 619, 653, 675, 687-690, 692-693, 700, 705-707, 709, 724 net, 63, 168, 709 private, 24, 63, 232, 258, 592 Investment decisions, 592 Investments, 3, 133-134, 174, 192, 258, 285, 351, 433, 597, 619, 621, 689 returns of, 133 Investors, 52, 73, 133, 174, 391-392, 409, 414, 423, 744 Invoices, 183, 402 Iraq, 74, 136 IRAs, 351 Ireland, 156 IRS, 135, 179, 190, 235, 391 Italy, 205 J Jamaica, 277 Japan, 652, 791 job market, 134 Job performance, 677, 687 Job satisfaction, 70, 149, 408, 584 Jobs, 207, 258, 337, 442, 470, 687, 803, 852 measuring, 470 profitability and, 687 service, 470, 852 Jordan, 650 journals, 542 Judgment sample, 144 K Knowledge, 1, 25, 30, 126, 193, 245, 248, 278, 351, 491, 608, 662, 851 Korea, 106 L Labeling, 146 Labor, 19, 35, 118, 136, 158, 161, 219, 228, 308-309, 344, 385, 402-403, 478, 633, 644, 741-744, 746, 783, 792, 857 Labor costs, 792 Labor market, 741-742 Language, 153, 368, 373 Layoffs, 228 layout, 7, 9, 14, 18, 50, 54, 66-67, 69, 80, 97, 122, 135-136, 321, 449, 505, 539, 546, 595, 604, 620-621, 652, 690, 728, 736, 748, 750, 758, 761-762, 775, 777, 779, 789 Lead time, 204, 734, 795 Leader, 82, 166, 352, 629, 798, 839 Leadership, 201 leading questions, 10 lean manufacturing, 728 Learning, 1-2, 655, 731 Leasing, 343 Legislation, 251 letters, 479, 565 application, 565 Leverage, 64, 412 Liabilities, 386 Liability, 127, 148, 402, 597, 725 business, 148, 402 law, 148, 725 products, 725 Liability insurance, 148, 597, 725 personal, 148 Life insurance, 386, 421 term, 421 line charts, 33, 65-67, 76, 832 listening, 33, 827 effective, 33 Literacy, 407 Loading, 248 Loans, 20, 24, 37, 117, 259, 308, 315, 386, 408, 410, 463-464, 582, 591, 771, 782, 787, 798-799 Lobbying, 398 Local government, 309, 344, 642 Location decision, 789 London, 112-113, 184, 257, 393, 582 Loss, 62-63, 65, 181, 238, 272, 412, 508-509, 511-512, 514, 539, 597, 599, 610, 668, 676, 701, 703, 720, 723, 729, 786-787, 791, 827 chance of, 412 control, 786, 827 distributions, 238, 272 expected, 238, 272, 786 forecasting, 786-787, 791 frequency, 272 income, 63, 65, 272, 610, 723, 786-787 of goods and services, 720 ratio, 63, 508, 791 reduction, 597, 668, 676 underwriting, 791 Lying, 12 M Magazines, 206 Mail questionnaires, 28 Malaysia, 24 Management, 3, 30, 67, 75, 81, 107, 134, 138, 149, 161, 211, 219, 228, 267, 273, 284, 303, 309, 344, 351, 357-358, 370, 402-403, 411, 428-429, 441, 478, 489, 548, 566-567, 597, 642, 651-653, 685, 727-728, 746, 782, 791, 825, 827, 832, 847, 854, 857 Managers, 1, 7, 14, 20, 25-26, 29-31, 35, 44-45, 49-50, 54, 63, 80, 94-95, 108, 117, 132-133, 135-136, 149, 156, 158, 161-163, 169, 171, 184, 187, 201, 205, 207, 211, 217, 223, 233, 236, 244, 248, 252, 259, 264-265, 272-273, 276, 300, 302, 304-305, 308, 313, 320, 331, 336-337, 343-344, 351, 355, 357, 365, 370, 377-378, 383-385, 392-393, 397, 404, 408, 411, 418, 425-428, 430, 432, 436, 441, 443, 459, 466, 481, 485, 487, 489, 519-520, 523, 528-529, 546, 567, 578, 581-583, 592, 651, 662, 679-680, 711, 727, 738, 741-742, 748, 754, 777, 788, 801, 844, 847, 850-851, 854, 857 Manufacturers, 54, 79, 187, 206, 258, 337, 428, 465, 493, 517-518, 530, 543, 728, 821 Manufacturing, 7, 19, 63, 67, 82, 107-108, 146, 163, 172, 177, 185, 191, 204, 206, 217-218, 230-231, 237, 244, 259, 272, 308, 314, 320, 355, 393, 427, 464, 487, 489, 492, 494, 498, 534, 544-545, 566-567, 596, 599, 631, 652, 684, 698, 727-728, 730, 741, 748, 791, 797, 850, 856-857 Manufacturing locations, 314 Manufacturing operations, 492, 856 Margin, 314-315, 325-328, 332, 334, 336-344, 347-359, 361, 428, 458, 467, 506, 508, 642, 645, 654 Margins, 25, 442 Market capitalization, 133 Market leader, 166 Market research, 5, 17, 22, 103, 190, 236, 245, 309, 358-359, 392, 596, 746, 782 defined, 309 primary, 5, 22, 190, 236, 746, 782 Market share, 54, 64, 165, 187, 412 Market value, 601, 675-676, 700, 709, 719, 725, 783, 813 Marketing, 8, 18-19, 29-30, 54, 64, 79, 81, 105, 132, 154, 163, 173, 185, 191, 193, 195, 206, 212, 217, 229, 232, 259, 272, 300-301, 304, 314, 336-337, 346, 348-349, 359, 385, 388, 390, 407, 409, 423-426, 441, 457-458, 465, 490, 492, 584, 591-592, 595, 603, 608-609, 613, 622, 648, 651, 709, 719, 723-724, 802, 813, 825 defined, 8, 19, 154, 622 global, 64, 79, 407 ideas, 81 people, 8, 19, 29, 79, 132, 154, 193, 217, 259, 272, 300, 349, 359, 385, 388, 407, 423-425, 490, 709, 719, 813, 825 place, 105, 132, 193, 709, 724 value and, 206, 409, 591 Marketing research, 8, 154, 206, 212, 300-301, 337, 349, 359, 407, 457-458, 490, 591, 595, 724, 813 defined, 8, 154 steps in, Marketing strategy, 173, 336 Marketplace, 166, 226, 357, 399, 411, 530, 854 Markets, 3, 5, 11, 35, 63, 73, 267, 301, 320, 410, 464, 493, 643, 698, 727, 790, 809, 827 Markup, 105-106, 161 Massachusetts, 490 meaning, 2, 21-22, 111, 125, 136, 366, 408, 472, 590, 613, 620, 622, 633, 671, 683, 832, 838 understanding of, Measurement, 1, 12-13, 15, 18, 20-22, 24-25, 27, 29-30, 32, 144-145, 158-159, 218, 246, 302, 501, 503-504, 519-520, 533, 570, 584, 594, 629, 643, 699-700, 724, 798, 803, 808, 815-816, 820, 822, 824, 833, 852 measurements, 13-15, 20-22, 32, 144, 274, 293, 327, 358, 378, 444, 450, 494, 499, 529, 531, 548, 550, 555, 559, 561-563, 592, 629, 699-700, 724, 726, 734, 783, 810, 834, 836, 851 mechanics, 207, 209 Media, 26, 118, 211, 218, 286, 301, 336, 344 median, 75, 79, 87, 92-108, 115, 119, 127, 129-135, 137, 139-141, 145, 147, 240, 245, 259-260, 265, 267, 272, 275-276, 309, 313, 333, 380, 422, 450, 462, 481, 484, 503, 651, 699-700, 724, 746, 787-788, 797-802, 804-808, 810-817, 819-822, 826, 828-829 Median location, 102 Medical care, 324, 593, 743 Medicare, 314 Part A, 314 medium, 14, 17-18, 105, 191, 465, 539, 734, 745, 782, 784, 792 costs of, 105 selecting, 18, 734 visual, 784 written, 14 meetings, 316 Memory, 11, 81, 107 message, 97, 132, 325, 358, 451 distribution of, 132 marketing, 132 sales, 132 Metrics, 220 Mexico, 191, 284, 308, 346, 518 Missing values, 97, 515-516 Modernization, 791 Money, 10-11, 17, 22, 60, 68, 71, 79, 105-106, 118, 153, 185, 211, 218, 259, 266, 273, 286, 308, 316, 328, 338, 355, 358, 421, 425, 428, 443, 449, 465-466, 479, 489, 519, 539, 543, 567, 592, 597, 601, 650, 671, 699-700, 724, 746, 783, 791 demand for, 466, 700, 746 M1, 421, 425, 466, 519 M2, 421, 425, 466, 519 properties of, 22 Mortgage, 11, 53-54, 75, 126, 138, 385, 442, 464, 489, 519, 650, 699-700, 724, 788 Motivation, 146 Multinational company, 392 Multinational corporation, 351 Music, 64, 79, 167, 259, 543 Mutual funds, 287, 289, 421, 544, 584, 592 Mutually exclusive events, 156, 172, 175, 180, 188-190, 196, 208 Mystery shoppers, 790 N NASDAQ, 134, 744 Nations, 128 Natural resources, 747 Negative relationship, 71, 611 Net earnings, 73 Net Generation, 709 Net income, 65, 610, 723, 786-787 Net profit, 684, 698, 729-730 Netherlands, 540 Networking, 408, 493 New products, 14, 357, 411, 744 New York Stock Exchange, 744 New-product development, 547 news releases, 164, 235 Newspapers, 33, 152, 746 Nielsen, 5, 118, 211, 218, 286, 336, 610 North America, 7, 13, 64, 267, 286, 350, 517, 593 Norway, 99, 397 NSP, 855 NYSE, 134, 493 865 www.downloadslide.com O Objectives, 9, 11, 28, 336, 338, 598, 827 Occurrence, 156-157, 170, 175, 196, 221, 419, 430, 464, 467, 480, 496, 499, 581-582, 602, 646, 655, 834, 854 Offer, 22, 26, 110, 164, 192, 204, 206, 235, 237, 254, 313, 341, 409, 412-413, 441, 512, 531, 534, 537, 549, 661 Office of Management and Budget, 75 Offset, 618, 650, 817 Oil, 24, 62, 64, 73, 105, 172-173, 274, 335, 374, 385, 442-444, 479, 517, 597-598, 700, 709, 720, 725, 730, 746, 802, 816, 851-852 Online security, 392 Operating income, 63 Operations, 24, 30, 52, 65, 80, 129, 135-136, 138, 191, 195, 238, 253, 259, 357, 381, 384-385, 393, 408, 411, 427, 470, 472, 477, 490, 492-494, 498, 546-547, 571-573, 583, 650, 652-653, 727-728, 801-802, 826, 852, 856-857 Opportunities, 28, 30, 57, 274, 412, 650, 687, 847-848 Organization, 8, 12, 148, 206, 286, 548, 676, 699, 720, 733, 783, 802, 814, 820, 824 Organizations, 1, 5, 12, 15, 25-27, 29-30, 237, 358, 402, 492, 529, 686, 733, 784, 832, 854 Original values, 50 Outdoor advertising, 565 outlines, 193, 720 Output, 7, 17, 34, 38, 45, 66, 69, 91, 96-98, 108, 110-112, 116, 122, 132, 181, 213-214, 225-226, 253-254, 264, 288, 321, 332, 382-383, 412, 419, 435-437, 449-450, 454-455, 465, 469, 486, 492, 498, 509, 513, 521-523, 535-537, 539, 541, 576, 590, 596-598, 605, 617-619, 621-624, 627, 629, 634-637, 641, 652, 658, 661-663, 665-667, 669, 672-675, 680-682, 688-689, 693-696, 701-702, 705-706, 711-712, 715, 717, 721, 727, 748-753, 755-756, 759, 769, 777, 794, 818-819, 827, 833-834, 841-842 potential, 17, 465, 535, 658, 661-662, 672, 675, 681, 701, 705, 721, 750 Outsourcing, 442, 816 overhead, 63, 105 Ownership, 24, 39, 74, 138, 216, 489, 570, 643 P PACE, 78, 632, 744, 787 Packaging, 365, 385, 412, 462 Parameter, 15, 19, 88, 91, 112, 129, 131, 141, 223, 263, 268, 277-279, 286, 289, 292, 302, 311-312, 318, 319-320, 323, 325, 328-329, 353, 361, 364-365, 367-369, 373-375, 377-381, 386, 388, 393, 395-398, 400, 404, 406, 408, 415, 418, 420, 424-425, 431, 437, 445, 455, 459, 473-474, 482-483, 487, 491, 498, 506, 510, 512, 516, 524, 550, 553, 556, 577, 607, 821, 832 Partially dependent, 22 Participation rate, 286, 352, 392 Partitioning, 500, 520, 532, 542 Partnership, 357, 411 Patent, 75 Patents, 75 Patio, 95 paychecks, 309, 344, 421 payroll, 407-408, 701, 772 percentages, 19-20, 35, 50-52, 62, 78, 83, 85, 125-127, 161, 186, 202, 232, 278, 309, 462-463 Perception, 11, 72, 84, 820-821 Performance, 29, 54, 73, 104, 133, 185, 201, 207, 230, 279, 308-309, 358, 386, 412-413, 450, 499, 517, 640, 652, 677, 687, 727-728, 816, 825, 827, 856, 858, 860 Performance evaluation, 104, 185, 230 periodicals, 6, 33, 152 Permits, 17 Personal income, 658 Pharmaceutical industry, 63, 364 Phishing, 392 photographs, 236, 462, 584 physical models, 661 pie charts, 33, 55, 59-60, 76 PILOTs, 661 PivotTable, 50-51 866 Place, 1, 11, 13, 22, 37, 47-51, 57, 61, 80, 96, 105, 132, 136, 182, 193, 225, 249, 260, 274, 285, 303, 309, 366, 408, 412, 462, 480, 577, 598, 649-650, 652, 685, 698-699, 709, 724, 780, 789, 791, 799, 832 Plans, 14, 18, 20, 80, 159, 163, 168, 192, 205, 211, 217, 231-232, 279, 285, 287, 308-309, 342-344, 350, 352, 392, 395, 402, 406, 408-409, 421, 428, 433, 458, 649, 683, 734-735, 746, 782, 825 business, 14, 18, 80, 159, 163, 192, 211, 217, 232, 287, 308, 342-343, 350, 402, 406, 421, 433, 683, 734-735, 746, 782 reasons for, 232 Pledges, 117 Policies, 386, 391, 565, 791, 825 Political parties, 320 Pollution control, 826 Pooling, 509 Population, 1, 8-9, 13-20, 27-29, 31-32, 88-94, 98-99, 102, 104-105, 109-114, 116-117, 119-120, 123-125, 128-131, 139-141, 144, 174, 184, 201, 207, 225-230, 233, 246-248, 251, 256-257, 260, 267, 272-273, 277-281, 283-318, 319-361, 364-388, 390, 393-398, 400-406, 408, 415, 417-467, 469-496, 498-510, 512-515, 519, 521-522, 524, 526-528, 530, 533, 535, 541-543, 547, 549-550, 552-554, 556-558, 561-564, 570, 577, 581, 583-585, 593-595, 597, 606-607, 609, 611-613, 622, 624-627, 630, 633, 635, 642, 646-647, 659, 661, 667, 677, 679, 685-687, 689, 691, 699, 710, 722, 725, 772, 786, 797-798, 802-808, 811, 813, 815-820, 822, 828-829, 832 Portfolio, 120, 174, 231, 259, 287, 386, 607-608, 619 Model, 619 Portfolio analysis, 607 Positioning, 392 Poverty, 119, 337, 385 Power, 54, 65, 129, 152, 186, 230, 251, 266, 302, 393, 399-406, 414-415, 464, 494, 517, 635, 643, 684, 708, 718, 743-744, 783, 825 Premium, 350, 399, 478, 540, 729, 789, 802 presentations, 33 Press release, 79, 633, 788 press releases, 746, 782 Price, 14, 18, 21, 57, 68-69, 74-75, 79, 87, 105-106, 118-119, 132, 134, 140, 185, 206, 229, 237, 260, 272, 281, 284-285, 300, 313, 317, 320, 336, 356, 360, 369-372, 376, 388-389, 408, 428, 442-443, 462, 465-466, 489, 494, 527, 530, 545, 564, 566-567, 592, 601, 608, 633, 636-637, 642, 644, 648, 651, 658, 662, 664-666, 668, 670-676, 680-684, 699-700, 705, 709, 712, 715, 719-720, 725, 738-747, 771, 783, 785, 792, 795, 797, 813, 817, 847 defined, 14, 119, 747, 795, 847 price changes, 592 Price changes, 592 Price range, 185, 369 Prices, 2, 14, 21, 39, 53, 68, 74-75, 79-80, 87, 97, 106-107, 119, 127, 134, 139, 149, 152, 185, 212, 260, 280-281, 284, 300, 308, 315, 335, 343, 356, 388, 410, 442, 450, 462, 465-466, 479, 527, 530, 543, 545-546, 548, 567, 592, 601, 608, 633-634, 636, 642-643, 651, 662, 665, 675-676, 679-680, 699-700, 709, 711, 720, 724-725, 730, 737, 739-741, 743-744, 746-747, 771, 783, 797-798, 821, 824, 844 demand and, 747 flexible, 97 inflation and, 744 input, 97 maximum, 68, 127, 699 minimum, 53, 343, 548, 662 reservation, 14, 212 retail, 14, 74, 106-107, 300, 335, 356, 465, 527, 530, 675, 709, 743, 746-747, 783, 824 wages and, 741 Pricing, 18, 164, 187, 436, 465, 684 strategy, 465 trial, 465 value, 18, 436 Principal, 24, 192, 530, 659, 699-700, 710 Principles, 789, 854 Private firm, 596 Probability, 16, 18, 32, 151-196, 197-241, 243-276, 287, 293-294, 298-301, 305-309, 313-315, 318, 320, 322, 325-327, 331, 340, 352, 356-357, 360, 364-365, 370-371, 375-376, 389, 393-404, 406-408, 410-411, 413, 415, 419, 430-432, 443, 464, 467, 477-478, 480, 493, 496, 499, 570-571, 577-580, 585, 589-590, 594, 596, 672, 717, 719-720, 725, 798, 824, 827, 841, 848 insurance and, 402 objective, 32, 195, 301, 322, 357, 443, 725 subjective, 158, 161, 168, 188-189, 194-196, 370 problem solving, 467, 496 Process control, 831-860 Product development, 452, 547 Product line, 6, 202, 259 Product mix, 727 Product specification, 599 Product specifications, 300, 470, 582 Production, 1, 24, 105, 108-110, 112, 127, 132-133, 149, 162, 172, 181, 190, 192, 195, 205, 217, 226, 231, 235-238, 247, 249, 251, 266, 286, 293-294, 301, 320, 328, 335, 342-343, 365, 379, 385-386, 406-407, 409, 412, 418-419, 428, 431, 441, 449, 452, 454, 465, 469, 478-479, 489, 492-493, 498, 517, 539-540, 543, 567, 575-576, 582, 596, 598, 723, 727-728, 730, 741-743, 802, 826-827, 835, 847-848, 850, 857-858 national, 190, 217, 236, 343, 385, 478, 517, 543, 596 Production costs, 105, 236, 452 Productivity, 25-26, 244, 408, 449, 598, 727, 801 Products, 5, 11, 14, 20, 22, 24-25, 30, 63, 74, 103, 107, 147, 152, 157, 163, 171-172, 176-178, 186, 188, 205, 217-218, 223-224, 226, 232, 235, 237, 247, 259, 271-272, 286, 293-294, 301, 308, 313, 316, 327, 352, 357, 364-367, 377, 379, 386, 392, 394-396, 400, 410-412, 428-430, 432, 441, 463, 465, 473, 479, 493, 498, 508, 517, 528, 530, 544, 547, 567, 574-577, 581-582, 588, 593, 596, 611, 636, 641, 646, 648, 651, 699, 725, 727-728, 744, 788, 791, 802, 807, 809, 820, 832-833, 847, 854, 857 attributes of, 847 defined, 14, 157, 517, 847 development of, 517 industrial products, 651 levels of, 24, 400, 646 packaging, 365, 412 Professionals, 5, 309, 342, 445, 544, 813 Profit, 2, 4, 63, 66-67, 72-73, 82, 137, 147, 153, 161, 163, 168, 205-206, 238, 240, 271, 366, 442, 493, 506, 508, 530, 620, 653, 676, 684, 698, 729-730, 791 definition of, 153 Profit center, 791 Profits, 4, 63, 66-67, 73, 90, 126, 147, 168, 240, 399, 412, 437, 595, 619-620 projection, 78, 237, 756-757, 761-762, 767-768 Promotion, 117, 158-159, 163, 184-185, 346 prompting, 164 Property, 8, 10, 80, 107-108, 119, 136, 148, 270, 409, 520, 522-523, 530, 546, 601, 619, 662, 666, 686, 802, 813 Property taxes, 10, 107, 813 proposals, 418 Protection, 134, 206, 320, 342, 402, 499, 634, 683 Prototype, 451-452, 478 Psychology, 814 public key, 648 Public offering, 356 Public policy, 342 Publicity, 567 Purchasing, 14, 96, 153, 235, 237, 402, 411, 455, 464, 481, 488-489, 743-744, 783, 821 Purchasing agents, 481 Purchasing power, 743-744, 783 purpose, 1, 4, 8-9, 11-12, 29, 41, 71, 119, 218, 337, 356, 368, 443, 456, 459, 467, 477, 499, 546, 550, 636, 646, 649, 669, 681, 721-722, 734, 757, 798, 814, 835, 850 general, 12, 29, 41, 71, 459, 721, 734, 835, 850 specific, 41, 119, 798 Q Quality, 1, 7, 11-15, 19-20, 29, 33-34, 68, 71-72, 80, 135, 163, 171-172, 181, 184, 188, 191-192, 198, 201-202, 206, 217, 223-226, 231-232, 235, 237, 240, 247, 259, 272, 277-279, 293, www.downloadslide.com 300, 308, 320, 327, 355-356, 364-365, 374-375, 392-393, 397-398, 451-452, 455, 460, 463-465, 473, 478, 486, 489, 492-496, 519, 529, 534, 545-546, 567, 576-577, 582, 593-594, 596, 643, 653, 662, 668, 681, 684, 698, 721, 727-728, 802, 820-821, 826, 831-860 quality control, 172, 237, 240, 478, 489, 493, 496, 582, 593, 596, 802, 826, 832, 844, 849-850, 860 Quality issues, 832 Quality management, 653, 832, 854 Quality standards, 224, 259 Questionnaires, 7, 9-10, 27-28, 687 quoting, 442, 544 R Race, 13, 144, 162 Radio advertising, 746 radio frequency identification, 219 RFID, 219 Rate of return, 153, 607-608 Rates, 1-2, 24, 54, 106, 128, 136-137, 146, 186, 219, 285, 309, 336, 344, 350, 399, 428, 477, 490, 516, 548, 565, 583, 644, 653, 691, 737, 741-743, 746-747, 773, 847 gross, 737 reasonable, 336 Rating, 10, 12, 19, 24, 53-54, 104, 134, 144, 186, 211, 218, 320, 584, 634, 650, 683, 790, 825-826 Ratios, 57-58, 521, 529, 572, 592, 709, 724, 766, 791 Raw materials, 489, 821 Reach, 5, 16, 32, 33, 46, 74, 79-80, 136, 204, 217, 223, 314, 338, 373-377, 379-381, 388-389, 391-392, 398, 411, 431, 438, 442-443, 448, 456, 466, 469, 473, 475, 478-479, 484, 487, 498, 508, 513, 517, 528, 540, 543, 548, 575, 578, 581, 588, 591, 608, 629-630, 734, 736, 772, 801, 806, 808, 810, 815, 817, 819, 821, 851 Real estate, 11, 20, 24, 37, 63, 68, 75, 106-107, 119, 153, 163, 185, 194, 259, 284, 286, 315, 391, 545, 592, 601, 636, 642-643, 662-667, 670-674, 677, 679-683, 699-700, 711-713, 715-717, 724, 737, 789, 797 Rebates, 219 Receivables, 183 Recession, 54, 642 recommendations, 57, 337, 413, 545, 651 Records, 1, 11, 20, 37, 64, 114, 121, 148, 160, 185, 190, 202, 204, 258-259, 271, 285, 298, 336, 352, 373, 375, 391, 403, 408, 462, 470, 477, 479, 529, 631, 642, 652, 728, 770, 803, 844, 850, 856-858 Recruiting, 352, 604, 649 Referrals, 352 Regression analysis, 68, 601, 612-613, 622, 624, 627, 629, 632-634, 636-637, 640, 642, 646, 655, 657-732, 748, 755, 758, 770, 774, 784 Relationships, 25, 68-69, 73, 75, 84, 602, 658-659, 685-688, 691-692, 710, 721 Relative cost, 746 Repetition, 736 Replication, 278, 498, 521-522, 530, 536, 541 reports, 5, 24, 33, 62, 107, 136, 149, 218-219, 285, 343, 351, 399, 403, 407, 450, 494, 530, 549, 567, 593, 651, 728, 827 length of, 494, 549 online, 219 producing, 149, 343, 567 types of, 5, 33, 149, 567 Representations, 30 Resale, 652 research, 5-6, 8, 11, 17, 22, 26, 31, 81, 103, 118, 144, 154, 163, 190, 192, 206, 212, 214-215, 218, 232, 236-237, 245, 260, 272, 286, 300-301, 309, 335-337, 342-344, 349, 352, 356, 358-359, 366-367, 373, 392, 398, 402, 406-408, 415, 425, 429, 441, 446, 457-458, 465, 474, 479, 490, 492, 494, 508, 512, 529-530, 539, 566-567, 591-593, 595-597, 611, 629, 698, 724, 746, 782, 790, 795, 813, 827 conducting, 8, 212, 342, 406, 591 planning, 214, 349, 352, 425, 597 primary, 5, 22, 81, 190, 236, 529, 592, 746, 782 purpose of, 8, 218, 356 Research and development, 163, 272, 441, 474, 494, 512, 566, 629 cost of, 272, 566 Resellers, 530 Resources, 6, 80, 82, 123, 126-127, 136, 180, 309, 352-353, 369, 408, 429, 546, 587-588, 687, 747, 782 response time, 46-47 Responsibility, 11, 24, 134, 488, 565, 567, 727, 821 Restricted, 822 Restrictions, 523 Retail prices, 300, 356, 743 Retail stores, 14, 34, 565, 581, 783, 824 Retailers, 308, 392, 451-452, 527, 577, 611, 790 Retailing, 25 Retirement, 107, 152, 162, 174-175, 192, 218, 287, 309, 351-352, 391-392, 409, 421, 423, 433, 592, 596-597, 791 Retirement income, 107 monthly, 107 Retirement plans, 352, 392, 409, 433 Return on equity, 705 Revenue, 19, 70, 88-91, 127, 135, 147-148, 179, 235, 335, 352, 391, 443, 451, 465, 529, 611, 634, 709, 735-736, 754-756, 772, 787 Revenues, 30, 63, 67, 70, 80, 135-136, 147, 451, 546, 611, 650, 652, 709, 728, 733, 735-736, 754, 782, 787, 789, 791 revision, 795 RFID, 219 Risk, 9, 30, 120, 127, 133, 236, 308, 455, 570, 593, 784 business, 30, 236, 308, 570, 593 commercial, 308 financial, 236 market, 133, 236, 308 objective, 127 personal, 784 Roadways, 629 ROE, 706 Role, 4-5, 27, 30, 80, 135, 149, 281, 546, 567, 733-734, 789, 854 managerial, 854 Royalties, 105 S Safety stock, 728 Salaries, 53, 58, 83, 92-95, 107, 134, 285, 301, 314, 384, 419, 442, 462, 490, 495, 543-544, 608, 800, 821, 829 Salary, 53, 58, 92, 94-95, 107, 119, 134, 138, 285, 299, 301, 309, 314, 344, 384, 402, 409, 429, 442-443, 604, 677-679, 800-801, 821 Sales, 1-3, 6, 11, 14, 21, 24-26, 29-30, 51-53, 55-56, 62, 64-68, 72-75, 78-79, 84, 105, 107, 126, 132, 134, 152-154, 159-160, 163-164, 180, 182-183, 185, 201, 213-214, 238, 259, 284-285, 298-299, 309, 314, 317, 333, 335, 356-357, 403, 411, 462, 466, 469, 478, 499, 501, 506, 529-530, 539, 543-544, 584, 595, 601, 603-608, 610-614, 617-618, 620, 622-624, 627-629, 632, 636, 640, 642-644, 648, 651-652, 655, 658, 662, 664-666, 668, 671, 675-676, 679, 681, 685, 699-701, 703-704, 708-709, 711, 719, 723-724, 728, 734-739, 744-745, 747-753, 756-757, 762-764, 766-767, 769-771, 773-775, 777, 783, 786-787, 790-793, 802, 813, 825 Sales and marketing, 64, 79 Sales data, 1, 26, 55, 62, 64, 67, 72-73, 624, 736, 738, 745, 747, 762-763, 767, 771, 783, 786, 790, 792 Sales force, 73, 105, 299, 603, 608, 612, 624 compensation, 603 training, 612 Sales offices, 183 Sales presentation, 182 Sales records, 298, 652, 728, 770 Sales tax, 333 Sales territory, 604 Salespeople, 299, 608 Samples, 1, 14-17, 27-28, 32, 35, 114, 117, 119-120, 124-126, 198-199, 209, 215, 217, 235, 277-279, 281-283, 285-291, 295-296, 298-299, 302, 308, 310-312, 317-318, 320, 323, 326, 332, 336, 344, 355, 370, 382, 386, 418-425, 427-433, 435-438, 440-450, 452-454, 457, 459-461, 463-464, 466-467, 480, 484-490, 492-494, 496, 499-500, 502, 504-505, 507-508, 510, 512, 515-521, 523-525, 533, 541, 543, 550, 554-555, 558-559, 561-564, 581, 626, 640, 651, 756, 777, 797-798, 803-806, 808-816, 819-820, 822-824, 827, 832, 844-845, 847-848, 850, 852, 855-857 Sampling, 1, 8-9, 14-20, 27-29, 31-32, 87, 144, 146, 148, 152, 185, 198, 207, 217, 225-228, 233, 235, 238, 276, 277-318, 319-325, 327-328, 331, 333, 335-336, 338, 340, 345, 347, 350, 353-356, 360-361, 364-365, 368-371, 373, 376-377, 387, 394, 396, 402-405, 408, 410, 412, 415, 418-420, 424, 426, 434, 450, 452-453, 457-458, 466-467, 489-490, 493, 505-506, 515, 571-572, 578, 581, 585, 587, 596, 604, 609, 622, 624-627, 631, 635-636, 661, 667, 672, 725, 754, 798, 824-825, 847-850 Sampling distribution, 277-278, 286-287, 289-299, 301, 304-307, 311-313, 317-318, 319, 321-324, 327-328, 333, 336, 345, 350, 353, 360, 364, 370-371, 373, 376-377, 387, 396, 404, 415, 419-420, 424, 426, 453, 457-458, 466-467, 596, 824 Saving, 192, 394, 737 Scanning, 10-11, 219, 455, 545 scope, 13, 28, 114, 329, 480, 607, 661, 672, 714, 718, 756 SD, 445-446, 555, 560 Search engines, 26 Security, 42, 201-202, 237, 338, 366, 392, 421, 455, 494, 701 investing in, 421 Selection, 12, 15, 25, 27, 32, 153, 165, 196, 205, 219, 226-227, 229-230, 235-236, 279, 290, 300, 356, 442, 499, 518, 546, 550, 587, 596, 700-704, 708-709, 721, 724, 730, 783 Selection process, 226, 279, 704 Sellers, 357, 411, 462, 662, 824 selling points, 206, 410 Sensitivity, 110 SEP, 72, 118, 747, 782 Service provider, 173, 175, 284, 336, 578 Services, 10, 13, 16-17, 30, 63, 106, 118, 137-138, 146-147, 149, 163, 173, 188, 192, 219-220, 231, 264, 284, 306, 308, 344, 357, 374, 402, 407, 411, 443, 445, 465, 477, 479, 516, 545, 567, 584, 633, 642, 644, 687-690, 693, 709, 720, 725, 733, 735-736, 743-744, 772, 783, 807, 816-817, 825, 832, 852, 856 defined, 220 levels of, 516, 545 quality management, 832 Shareholder, 133, 800-801 Shareholders, 24, 147, 219, 705 shipping, 15, 53, 82, 112-113, 204, 219, 223, 226, 293, 308, 352, 462, 632, 699, 725, 727-728, 844, 856, 858 Ships, 112, 127, 190-191, 273, 528, 699, 725, 728, 783, 856 Shoplifting, 701, 703-704 Shopping center, 789 Shortage, 26, 412 Shrubs, 231 SIMPLE, 7, 16-20, 27-32, 45, 66, 69, 80, 97, 106, 122, 131, 136, 144, 153, 198, 208, 225, 253, 279, 283, 295-296, 301-302, 306-307, 312-313, 315, 318, 320-321, 324, 326, 331, 333, 335, 346-347, 349-350, 375, 379, 382, 384-385, 391, 398, 406, 412, 420-421, 423-424, 431, 433, 436, 438, 443, 487, 507, 512, 515, 517, 524, 546, 564, 578, 601, 604, 607, 609, 612-613, 617, 619, 622, 624-626, 628-629, 631-634, 636-638, 641-642, 644, 646-648, 650, 655, 658-662, 666, 679, 684, 688, 699, 714, 722, 725, 727, 731-732, 737-740, 746, 748, 753-754, 756, 758-759, 781, 785-786, 790, 798, 802 Simple random sample, 16-20, 32, 144, 279, 283, 301-302, 306-307, 312-313, 315, 318, 320-321, 324, 326, 331, 333, 335, 346-347, 349-350, 375, 379, 382, 384-385, 391, 398, 406, 421, 423, 431, 433, 438, 443, 487, 564, 578, 601, 607, 629, 636, 798, 802 Single Audit, 155 Size, 8-9, 15-18, 31-32, 50-52, 59, 67, 82, 85, 88, 91-93, 95-96, 105, 111, 113-114, 125-126, 141, 146, 161, 171, 193, 207, 209-216, 218-219, 221-223, 226-229, 231, 233-235, 240, 247, 257, 272, 278-286, 288-296, 298-302, 304-305, 307-309, 311-315, 317-318, 319-329, 331, 333-336, 338-361, 867 www.downloadslide.com 371-372, 374, 376-377, 379, 386-388, 390, 392-395, 399-404, 406-408, 411-412, 423, 428, 439, 445, 453-455, 457, 470-471, 475-480, 482, 484-485, 489, 492-493, 499, 502-504, 506-508, 512, 515, 518-519, 521, 535, 543, 545, 547-548, 553-554, 573, 576-577, 587, 589-590, 595-596, 601, 603, 606, 609, 611, 622, 624, 626, 632, 636-637, 639, 644, 649, 652, 661-662, 665-668, 670-672, 680, 683, 695, 698, 711, 724-725, 727-728, 731-732, 733, 755, 759, 761, 771-772, 782, 805-807, 810, 817, 819-821, 824, 836, 839-840, 842, 844-848, 850-851, 855-857, 859 Skills, 1, 26, 30, 99, 388 Slope, 612-613, 615, 620, 622, 625-633, 635-636, 641-642, 644, 646-648, 655, 660, 667-669, 672-673, 675, 680-681, 703, 722, 724, 729, 732, 748-750, 755, 779, 786, 788, 793-794 Small business, 161, 232 Small Business Administration, 232 Smoke, 237 Social media, 26 Social Security, 421 Socialization, 687-691, 693, 695-696 Society, 350, 402, 489, 546, 744 software, 1, 16, 30, 33-34, 73, 78, 87, 97, 103, 138, 224, 231, 233, 315, 331-332, 337-338, 375-376, 381-383, 395, 407, 463, 477-478, 485, 494, 498, 503, 508, 531, 533, 541, 575, 604, 607, 617, 627, 638, 661-662, 705, 715, 721, 807-809 South America, 13, 261 South Korea, 106 Spain, 127, 202, 608 Spam, 392 speeches, 273 spelling, 18 SSA, 532, 563 Standard deviation, 87, 108, 110, 112-136, 139-141, 145, 147, 200-206, 212, 214-218, 224-225, 230, 234-237, 240-241, 244, 246-248, 250-251, 254-255, 257-263, 265-267, 269-276, 277, 286-287, 289-296, 298-301, 306-307, 311-318, 320-324, 327-329, 331, 333-344, 353, 355-356, 359, 361, 370-381, 383-385, 387, 395, 397, 401-403, 407-411, 419-421, 423-425, 428-430, 433-434, 438, 444-448, 450, 461, 470-474, 476-479, 483-487, 489-494, 510, 559, 565-566, 576-577, 581-583, 596-598, 626, 663, 666, 669, 671-672, 676, 683, 714-715, 806, 810, 823, 828, 832, 834, 838, 848, 851, 854, 856 SD, 445-446 State government, 185, 650 Stated goals, 851-852 Statistical Abstract of the United States, 146 statistics, 1-2, 4-7, 14-15, 19, 27, 29-32, 33, 38, 71, 76, 80, 84, 87-88, 91-92, 96-98, 105-108, 115-119, 127, 129, 134, 136-137, 139, 142, 143, 146-147, 149, 151, 193, 195, 197, 219, 232, 234, 241, 243-244, 268, 275-276, 277, 289, 309, 311, 317-318, 319, 332, 338, 344, 360, 363-365, 370, 372, 382-383, 385, 388, 404, 413, 415, 417, 427, 435-437, 440-442, 455, 464, 467, 469, 478, 484, 486, 488, 490-491, 496, 497, 515, 523-526, 528, 537, 544, 546, 548, 550, 551, 567, 569, 577, 599, 601, 605, 619, 632-633, 641-646, 648, 655, 657, 663, 673, 676, 686, 698-699, 706, 708-710, 720, 731, 733, 743-744, 754, 783, 789, 795, 797-829, 831, 836, 849, 854, 857 analyzing, 1-2, 30, 32, 76, 80, 136-137, 244, 546, 601, 646, 710, 733, 743-744, 754, 783, 789, 795 misleading, 108, 365, 404 Status, 20-21, 24, 38, 117, 148-149, 155, 184, 365-369, 379, 409, 464, 570, 588-589, 591, 597, 677, 679, 803, 825 Status quo, 365-369, 379 Stock, 2-3, 11, 20-21, 39, 57, 120, 133-134, 140, 174-175, 204-205, 219, 231-232, 236, 258, 285, 303, 356, 421, 592, 597, 601, 607, 648, 675-676, 687, 700, 705, 709, 719, 724-725, 728, 737, 744 Stories, 2, 65, 167, 543, 681, 740, 798 Strategies, 429, 746, 782 Strategy, 152, 173-174, 336, 465 Stratified sample, 17 868 Stress, 8-9 Students, 5, 10, 12, 14, 18, 38, 62, 96, 100, 105, 116-118, 124, 127, 131, 162, 164-165, 234, 267, 270, 313, 325, 351-352, 367, 391, 407, 420, 442, 458, 463-464, 489-490, 493, 524-525, 540, 574-575, 578-579, 581, 590-591, 595, 609-611, 633-634, 649-650, 684, 698, 740, 771, 782, 788-789, 798, 814, 824, 826, 840 Subgroups, 17, 32, 119, 836-839, 841-842, 850-852, 856 Subjective probability, 158, 161, 168, 189, 194, 196 Subsidiaries, 24 Subsidies, 126, 442, 489 Success, 11, 30, 49, 65, 138, 159, 192, 206-207, 210-211, 213-216, 220-221, 225-226, 228, 233-234, 241, 307, 314, 344, 351, 357, 411-412, 443, 464, 478, 494, 595, 598, 610, 649, 723, 733, 784, 786, 832, 848 summarizing, 465 Supply, 6, 90, 171, 184, 186, 202-203, 232, 235, 238, 264, 266, 273, 308, 357, 411, 486, 517, 548, 571, 641, 684, 700, 735-736, 747-748, 773, 816, 860 aggregate, 747 long-run, 202 of money, 700 Supply and demand, 747, 773 Supply chain, 357, 411, 860 Support, 8, 10, 24, 26, 81, 105-106, 127, 133-134, 146, 184, 217, 219, 231, 235, 270, 309, 313-315, 335-336, 344, 352, 356, 364-365, 369, 371, 385, 392, 408-410, 415, 428-429, 442-443, 449-451, 457-458, 461-462, 482, 486, 516, 518, 552, 577, 585, 596, 606, 608, 611, 633, 645, 649, 675-676, 697-698, 709, 727, 754, 772, 802, 815, 817, 825-827 Survey questions, Survey research, 31 surveys, 7-12, 19, 27-28, 35, 53, 70, 79, 157, 186, 203, 218, 343, 359, 392, 398, 408, 429, 443, 457, 492, 593, 597 Switzerland, 517 synopsis, 27 system, 16, 20, 29-30, 68, 82, 127, 131-132, 148, 152, 159-160, 202, 206, 212, 214, 221, 228, 230-231, 264-265, 267, 335, 358, 365, 367, 388, 391-392, 399, 402, 409, 421, 455, 462, 469, 474, 477, 485, 488, 493-494, 513-514, 519, 552, 579, 630, 650, 661, 732, 734, 789, 791, 802, 815-817, 834, 843, 854, 857-858 systems development, 485 T Tables, 1, 31, 33-85, 129, 138, 143, 146, 177, 223, 233, 273, 364, 407, 509, 521, 584, 588, 590, 805, 836, 840, 842 integrated, 73 Taiwan, 202, 386 Tapes, 814 Target market, Tax revenues, 733, 782 Tax system, 391 Taxes, 10, 20, 107, 127, 135, 463, 543-544, 807-808, 813 corporate, 544 estate, 20, 107 flat, 135 income, 10, 107, 127, 135, 463, 544, 807-808 property, 10, 107, 813 sales, 107, 543-544, 813 teams, 46, 74, 138, 258, 285, 388, 472, 854 Technological advances, 726 Technology, 26, 33, 35, 59, 64, 70, 81, 147, 183, 219, 258, 351, 358, 366, 392, 430, 445, 474-475, 517, 544, 744 advances in, 147 information technology, 81, 392 telephone, 1, 7-10, 12, 14, 20, 27-28, 31, 144, 265, 313, 358-359, 816, 839 Television advertising, Terminology, 2, 188, 320, 322, 368, 537 Territory, 604 Text messaging, 109 The American College, 458 Theft, 108, 391, 402 identity, 108, 391, 402 throughput, 244 Time-series analysis, 735, 784 Time-series graph, 772, 783, 788 Timing, 16, 28, 144-145 tone, 12, 409, 802 Total cost, 181, 320, 355, 649, 740 computing, 740 Total costs, 740 Total quality management, 653 Total revenue, 70 Tourism, 277-278 Trade, 12, 15, 87, 128, 193, 328, 334, 338, 676, 699, 720, 744, 783, 802, 857 Trade-offs, 15, 334, 338 Traffic flow, 375 Training, 70, 80-81, 135-136, 232, 273, 445, 529, 546, 577-578, 612, 727, 809, 834, 838, 843, 854 Transactions, 26, 34, 37, 333, 356-357, 392, 411, 442, 517, 701, 703-704, 833 Transfers, 231, 257, 270 Translation, 231 Transportation, 11, 132, 148, 204, 309, 337-339, 358, 366, 402, 455, 470, 483, 494, 528, 583, 597, 629, 645, 725-726, 743 costs, 132, 402, 725 Treasury bills, 650 Treasury Department, 11 trend analysis, 750, 759, 782, 790 Trends, 64, 78, 357, 411, 428, 442, 493, 593, 735, 747, 758, 760, 773 TRIPS, 132, 272, 355, 477, 649, 782 Troubled Asset Relief Program, 650 Trucks, 21, 24, 65, 135, 191, 238-239, 272, 300, 315-316, 493, 593, 634, 643, 653, 726 Trust, 63, 106, 149, 216, 253-254, 567, 592 Trusts, 24 TSAs, 433 Turnover, 565, 588, 603 typographical errors, 582 U Underwriting, 791 Unemployed, 644, 650 Unemployment, 1, 24, 146, 644-645, 650, 658, 675, 737 costs of, 650 cyclical, 737 seasonal, 737 Unemployment rate, 146, 645, 650, 658, 675, 737 Uninsured, 148 Unions, 17 United Kingdom, 62-64, 593 United Nations, 128 United States, 18-19, 26, 37, 39-40, 42, 54-55, 62-64, 70, 74, 79-81, 96, 99, 115, 118, 127, 131, 135-136, 146, 173, 185-186, 201, 204, 211, 218-219, 228, 230, 233, 258-259, 261, 299-300, 308, 320, 336, 338, 351, 357, 377, 381, 391-392, 402, 406-407, 410-411, 429, 441, 443, 455, 458, 494, 517, 529-530, 546-547, 633-634, 644, 651, 699-700, 725-727, 737, 783, 790, 798, 800, 854 Universities, 19, 23, 60, 96-98, 115-118, 124, 127, 131, 139, 148, 163, 186, 205, 260, 584, 611 U.S, 14-15, 17, 19, 23, 30-31, 53, 55-56, 63-64, 70-71, 73-74, 106, 117-118, 126, 132, 135, 139, 147, 149, 157, 171, 182, 184, 190, 204, 212-213, 218, 220, 228, 255, 259, 266, 285, 300, 309, 336, 338, 343-344, 356-357, 366, 381, 385, 391, 397, 399, 402, 411, 420-421, 423, 429, 458, 478, 493-494, 498-499, 529, 531, 567, 596, 644, 676-677, 684, 699-700, 705, 708, 720, 724, 726, 743-744, 746-747, 773, 782-783, 789, 791, 825 U.S., 14-15, 17, 19, 23, 30-31, 53, 56, 63-64, 70-71, 73-74, 106, 117-118, 126, 132, 135, 139, 147, 149, 157, 171, 182, 184, 190, 204, 212-213, 218, 220, 228, 255, 259, 266, 285, 300, 309, 336, 338, 343-344, 356-357, 366, 381, 385, 391, 397, 399, 402, 411, 420-421, 423, 429, 458, 478, 493-494, 498-499, 529, 531, 567, 596, 644, 676-677, 684, 699-700, 705, 708, 720, 724, 726, 743-744, 746-747, 773, 782-783, 789, 791, 825 U.S Air Force, 596 U.S Census Bureau, 184, 204, 494 U.S Department of Agriculture, 14, 338 U.S Department of Energy, 684, 700, 747 U.S Department of Labor, 644, 743 U.S economy, 213, 708 Utilities, 133, 738 www.downloadslide.com Utility, 54, 335, 355, 435, 683 V Validity, 13-14, 27, 29, 31-32, 87, 335, 364, 595, 671, 827, 850 Value, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18-19, 22, 25, 32, 34-42, 46, 50-51, 57, 59, 61-62, 67-68, 70, 72, 76-77, 80, 82-85, 88-89, 92-102, 104-105, 107-112, 114-115, 118, 123-125, 129-131, 133, 137, 141, 147, 152-153, 175, 196, 198-204, 206, 208-210, 212-216, 221-226, 230, 233-235, 238, 240-241, 244-249, 251-252, 254-258, 260, 262-265, 268-271, 276, 277-281, 285-287, 289, 291-295, 298-299, 301-302, 304-310, 312, 315, 318, 320-329, 331, 333-336, 339-342, 345-349, 352-356, 359, 361, 364-365, 369-385, 387-398, 400-401, 404, 406-410, 413-415, 419-424, 426, 428, 430-432, 436, 438, 440-447, 449-450, 452-454, 457-459, 462, 464, 466-467, 469-470, 472-474, 476, 478-480, 482-485, 487-488, 493-495, 498-501, 503, 507, 509-511, 513-519, 523, 526-528, 530, 535-541, 545-546, 549-550, 560, 565, 573, 575-579, 581, 583, 585, 587, 589-593, 595-596, 598-599, 601, 603-604, 606, 608-609, 611-615, 620, 622-629, 631, 633, 635-644, 646, 648-649, 651, 654-655, 659-660, 664, 666-677, 682-683, 688-689, 691, 696-700, 702-703, 706, 708-711, 715, 717, 719-721, 723-725, 729-732, 737-738, 745, 748, 750-754, 757, 759-760, 763-764, 766-784, 786-788, 793-795, 797-799, 801, 803-811, 813-815, 817-822, 824, 828-829, 836-840, 843, 846-847, 849-850, 852 building, 80, 216, 270, 278-279, 299, 369, 377, 430, 546, 659-660, 664, 666-677, 682-683, 688-689, 691, 696-700, 702-703, 706, 708-711, 715, 717, 719-721, 723-725, 729-732, 759, 784, 795 defined, 19, 32, 41, 100, 199, 210, 234, 292, 309-310, 328, 361, 517, 573, 622, 625, 643, 737, 795, 840, 847 market value, 601, 675-676, 700, 709, 719, 725, 783, 813 of marketing, 407, 603, 648 Value test, 382 Value-added, 19, 265, 352 Value-added tax, 19 Variability, 80, 110, 115, 120-121, 126-127, 133-136, 140, 147, 224, 469-470, 473-475, 478-479, 484-486, 488-494, 519-521, 530-531, 541, 546, 566, 632, 643, 751, 842 Variables, 7, 13, 23-25, 30, 32, 38, 42, 45, 48-51, 53, 55, 57-58, 66-70, 72, 74-76, 84-85, 88, 91, 96-98, 103, 107, 116, 119, 122, 134, 137, 144, 147-149, 199, 206, 221, 225, 233, 236, 241, 244, 253, 268, 304, 321, 325, 327, 356, 433, 435-437, 480, 486, 549, 567, 570, 584, 589-590, 593-594, 599, 601-613, 619-620, 622, 624-625, 629, 631-636, 640, 642, 645-646, 648-652, 655, 658-663, 665-687, 689, 691-693, 695-701, 703-706, 708-712, 714-728, 730-732, 740-742, 755, 760-761, 768-770, 815, 822-824, 836, 841-842, 855, 858 Variance, 87, 108, 110-119, 126, 129-133, 139-141, 145, 203-204, 230, 235, 240-241, 257, 266, 304, 335, 342, 355, 419, 423, 436, 439, 453, 469-487, 491-492, 496, 497-550, 552, 556, 560, 566, 651, 670, 672-673, 675-677, 680, 694, 710, 713-715, 718-722, 725, 730-732, 797, 815, 822, 843, 848 videos, 259 virus, 81 Vision, 30, 235, 272, 356 Visualize, 665 Volume, 15, 42, 65, 73, 109, 132, 163, 173, 185-186, 195, 223, 245, 247, 259, 268, 285, 299, 301, 313, 320, 328, 356, 369, 410, 548, 577, 606, 628, 631-632, 723-724, 731, 740, 782, 825, 847 Volumes, 27, 132, 162, 412, 544, 724, 730, 788 Wall Street Journal, 2, 19, 29, 33, 55, 63, 350, 391-392, 744, 790 War, 74 Warehouse clubs, 257 Warranty, 152, 186, 191-192, 206, 211, 237, 258, 266, 315, 317, 393, 408, 428, 452, 567, 593, 599 Water, 25, 221, 268, 393, 402, 409, 518, 540, 547, 583, 642, 683, 802 Weaknesses, 724, 772 Wealth, 25 Weather conditions, 834 Web, 6, 12, 17-18, 68, 164, 166, 366, 407, 593, 634, 788 Web site, 17-18, 164, 366, 407, 593, 634, 788 design, 366 security, 366 Web sites, 6, 68 Women, 58, 73, 78, 139, 184, 198, 219, 226, 228, 232, 285, 308, 350-352, 392-393, 398-399, 409, 420-421, 428-429, 451-452, 458, 462, 488, 494, 539, 591, 593, 690-691, 695, 698 Won, 161, 340, 359, 633, 717, 733 Work, 5, 12, 17, 33, 55, 70, 79, 81, 105, 126, 136, 149, 156, 163, 188, 207, 209, 221, 231, 237-238, 255, 266, 284, 309, 314, 339, 343, 350-351, 355-356, 358, 360, 367, 392, 408, 412, 427-428, 463, 470, 483, 519, 529, 534, 543, 546, 567, 582, 590, 597-598, 648, 650, 652-653, 680, 684, 718, 728, 734, 771, 789, 791, 814, 819, 826-827, 832, 834, 839, 851, 857 Workers, 164, 190, 192, 218, 232, 309, 313, 344, 351-352, 356, 392, 408, 458, 478-479, 529, 545, 565, 597, 648, 689, 727, 741-743, 791, 827, 851-852 workforce, 35, 192, 352, 356, 421, 463, 588, 789, 803, 854 workplace, 1, 593, 857 World, 1, 11-12, 23, 30, 52, 54-55, 64, 74-75, 81, 106, 112, 128, 136, 138, 149, 162, 187, 223, 231, 257, 308, 313, 351, 365, 386, 392-393, 402, 409, 443, 450, 464, 494, 530, 548, 566-567, 583, 597, 676, 699, 720, 734, 783, 789, 791, 833, 854 World economy, 75 World Wide Web, 12 Written surveys, 9-10, 28 WWW, 5, 17-18, 218, 308, 352, 385, 392, 477, 593, 634, 743-744 Y Yen, 22 Yuan, 134 W Wages, 478-479, 588, 604, 741-742, 744, 746 real, 744 869 www.downloadslide.com 870 www.downloadslide.com www.downloadslide.com www.downloadslide.com www.downloadslide.com ... for the t-distribution This is done as follows: df (s 12 /n1 (s 12 /n1 )2 n1 s 22 /n2 )2 (s 22 /n2 )2 n2 (1 02. 40 /30 77 .25 2 /25 )2 (1 02. 40 /330 )2 (77 .25 2 / 25 )2 29 24 346, 011.98 6, 586.81 52. 53 Thus,... POPULATION VARIANCES ARE NOT EQUAL Citibank The marketing managers at Citibank are planning to roll out a new marketing campaign addressed at increasing bank card use As one part of the campaign,... applications Data obtained from online surveys of 1,4 42 MBA candidates at 30 business school programs indicate that in 20 02 the average number of job applications per candidate was 38.9 and 2. 0