Chapter 1: Food choices - Nutrients and nourishment. Chapter 1 presents the following content: Why do we eat the way we do? introducing the nutrients, applying the scientific process to nutrition, from research study to headline.
Chapter Food Choices: Nutrients and Nourishment The Science of Nutrition • Identifies amount of food we need • Recommends best food sources • • Identifies components in food that are helpful or harmful Helps us make better choices – Improves our health – Reduces our risk of disease – Increases our longevity Why Do We Eat the Way We Do? • Personal Preferences – Enjoyment – Nourishment – Age Why Do We Eat the Way We Do? • Sensory Influences: Taste, Texture, and Smell – Flavor – Classic tastes: Sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami Why Do We Eat the Way We Do? • Social, Emotional, and cognitive Influences – Habits – Comfort/Discomfort Foods – Advertising and Promotion – Eating Away from Home – Food and Diet Trends – Social Factors Why Do We Eat the Way We Do? • Environmental Influences – Economics – Lifestyle – Availability – Cultural Influences – Religion The Social Ecological Model The American Diet • How healthful is the “American” diet? – Too few nutrient-dense foods • – Fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, and whole-grain foods Too much of the foods known to be harmful • Sodium, solid fat, saturated fat, and sugar Introducing the Nutrients • Nutrients – Functions • Normal growth and development • Maintaining cells and tissues • Fuel to physical and metabolic work • Regulating body processes Introducing the Nutrients • How can we calculate the energy available from foods? – Example 30 g carb × kcal/g = 156 kcalories 10 g protein × kcal/g = 40 kcalories 16 g fat × kcal/g = 144 kcalories TOTAL = 340 kcalories Introducing the Nutrients • Energy in Food – Be Food Smart: Calculate the Percentages of Calories in Food Diet and Health • What does it mean to be healthy? – WHO defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” Diet and Health • Disease is “an impairment of the normal state of the living animal … that interrupts or modifies the performance of the vital functions” – Food choices are most likely to affect our risk for developing chronic diseases Diet and Health • Physical activity – Sedentary lifestyle • – Risk factor for chronic disease Role in long-term weight management • At least 30 minutes per day of moderate activity – Reduce • chronic disease risk At least 60 minutes per day – Weight-management Applying the Scientific Process to Nutrition • The Scientific Process enables researchers to test the validity of hypotheses – • Hypothesis: Proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation Used to expand our nutrition knowledge Applying the Scientific Process to Nutrition • Common study designs – Epidemiological studies – Animal and cell culture studies – Case control studies – Clinical trials • Randomized • Double-blind • Placebo-controlled Steps of the Scientific Process From Research Study to Headline • Publishing experimental results – Scientists publish results of experiments in scientific journals to communicate new information – Peer review process reduces chance that low-quality research is published From Research Study to Headline • Sorting facts and fallacies in the media – Popular media may distort facts through omission of details – In-depth research article becomes 30second sound bite Evaluating Information on the Internet • There are no rules for posting on the Internet • Consider the source • Keep in mind the scientific method • Be on the lookout for “junk science” ... nutrient-dense foods • – Fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, and whole-grain foods Too much of the foods known to be harmful • Sodium, solid fat, saturated fat, and sugar Introducing the Nutrients • Nutrients. .. Normal growth and development • Maintaining cells and tissues • Fuel to physical and metabolic work • Regulating body processes Introducing the Nutrients • Nutrients – Six classes of nutrients •... – Not only chemicals in food • Phytochemicals • Antioxidants Introducing the Nutrients • Classifications of nutrients – Macronutrients • – Micronutrients • – Vitamins and minerals Organic (contain