(BQ) Based on the phenomenal artwork found in the 3rd edition of Gray''s Anatomy for Students, this set of 350 flashcards is the perfect review companion to help you test your anatomical knowledge for course exams or the USMLE Step 1! It''s portable, it''s concise, it''s simply the best way to study anatomy… in a flash
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and Canada: +1-314-447-8200 Copyright 2015, Elsevier Inc All rights reserved GRAY’S ANATOMY FOR STUDENTS FLASH CARDS Copyright 2015, Elsevier Inc All rights reserved GRAY’S ANATOMY FOR STUDENTS FLASH CARDS THIRD EDITION Richard L Drake, PhD, FAAA Director of Anatomy Professor of Surgery Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio, USA A Wayne Vogl, PhD, FAAA Professor of Anatomy and Cell Biology Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Adam W M Mitchell, MB BS, FRCS, FRCR Consultant Radiologist Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Honorary Senior Lecturer Imperial College London, UK ILLUSTRATORS: Richard M Tibbitts and Paul E Richardson, Antbits Illustrations 1600 John F Kennedy Blvd Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 GRAY’S ANATOMY FOR STUDENTS FLASH CARDS THIRD EDITION ISBN: 978-1-4557-5898-2 Copyright © 2015 by Elsevier Inc All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Rights Department: phone: (+1) 215 239 3804 (US) or (+44) 1865 843830 (UK); fax: (+44) 1865 853333; e-mail: healthpermissions@ elsevier.com You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier website at http://www.elsevier.com/permissions Notice Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing As new research and experience broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on their own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the Editors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book The Publisher Previous editions copyrighted 2010, 2005 VP Global Medical Education Content: Madelene Hyde Senior Manager, Content Development: Rebecca Gruliow Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian Senior Project Manager: John Casey Design and Art Direction: Lou Forgione Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Copyright 2015, Elsevier Inc All rights reserved CONTENTS Overview 1-8 Back 9-34 Thorax 35-74 Abdomen 75-113 Pelvis and Perineum 114-133 Lower Limb 134-191 Upper Limb 192-258 Head and Neck 259-349 Surface Anatomy 350-369 10 Nervous System 370-377 11 Imaging 378-391 Copyright 2015, Elsevier Inc All rights reserved PREFACE Gray’s Anatomy for Students Flash Cards have proven to be a valuable learning aid for students hoping to enhance their understanding of human anatomy, and the 3rd edition continues this tradition The question-and-answer format stimulates learning, and pertinent clinical information on most cards provides relevance Each collection contains: • Introductory overview cards with information about the skeletal, muscular, and cardiovascular systems in general, and surface features of the body • Regionally organized cards demonstrating basic anatomy • Surface anatomy cards showing important anatomical landmarks related to surface structures and clinical points • Nervous system cards containing information about specific parts of the nervous system • **New to this edition**—Imaging cards with common CT and MRI views of the body In addition, a number of illustrations throughout the regional cards have been revised to correlate with changes made in the 3rd edition of Gray’s Anatomy for Students It is our hope that the 3rd edition of the Gray’s Anatomy for Students Flash Cards will make your learning more efficient and productive Sole of Foot: Muscles, First Layer Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi Figure from Gray’s Anatomy for Students, 3rd edition, p 652 Copyright 2015, Elsevier Inc All rights reserved SOLE OF FOOT: MUSCLES, SECOND LAYER Identify the indicated muscles and tendons 185 Sole of Foot: Muscles, Second Layer Lumbrical muscles Tendon of flexor hallucis longus Tendon of flexor digitorum longus Quadratus plantae Figure from Gray’s Anatomy for Students, 3rd edition, p 653 Copyright 2015, Elsevier Inc All rights reserved 186 SOLE OF FOOT: MUSCLES, THIRD LAYER Identify the indicated muscles and tendons Sole of Foot: Muscles, Third Layer Oblique head of adductor hallucis Flexor hallucis brevis Tendon of tibialis posterior Tendon of fibularis longus Flexor digiti minimi Transverse head of adductor hallucis Figure from Gray’s Anatomy for Students, 3rd edition, p 654 Copyright 2015, Elsevier Inc All rights reserved SOLE OF FOOT: MUSCLES, FOURTH LAYER Identify the indicated ligament and muscles 187 Sole of Foot: Muscles, Fourth Layer Deep transverse metatarsal ligament First dorsal interosseous muscle Third plantar interosseous muscle Figure from Gray’s Anatomy for Students, 3rd edition, p 656 Copyright 2015, Elsevier Inc All rights reserved SOLE OF FOOT: MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS, FIRST AND SECOND LAYERS 188 Identify the muscle and its attachments, innervation, and actions 4 Copyright 2015, Elsevier Inc All rights reserved Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity Medial surface of calcaneus and lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity Lateral and medial processes of calcaneal tuberosity, and band of connective tissue connecting calcaneus with base of metatarsal V Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor hallucis Quadratus plantae Abductor digiti minimi Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe Lateral side of tendon of flexor digitorum longus in proximal sole of the foot Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe Sides of plantar surface of middle phalanges of lateral four toes Insertion Figure from Gray’s Atlas of Anatomy, 2nd edition, p 350 Origin Muscle Lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S2,S3) Lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S1 to S3) Medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve (S2,S3) Medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve (S2,S3) Innervation Abducts little toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint Assists flexor digitorum longus tendon in flexing toes II to V Abducts and flexes great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint Flexes lateral four toes at proximal interphalangeal joint Function First and Second Muscle Layers in the Sole of the Foot (Spinal Segments in Bold Are the Major Segments Innervating the Muscle) SOLE OF FOOT: MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS, FIRST AND SECOND LAYERS SOLE OF FOOT: MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS, THIRD LAYER 189 Identify the muscle and its attachments, innervation, and actions 3 Copyright 2015, Elsevier Inc All rights reserved Plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform; tendon of tibialis posterior Transverse head—ligaments associated with metatarsophalangeal joints of lateral three toes; oblique head—bases of metatarsals II to IV and from sheath covering fibularis longus Base of metatarsal V and related sheath of fibularis longus tendon Flexor hallucis brevis Adductor hallucis Flexor digiti minimi brevis Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe Lateral and medial sides of base of proximal phalanx of the great toe Insertion Figure from Gray’s Atlas of Anatomy, 2nd edition, p 350 Origin Muscle Lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S2,S3) Lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S2,S3) Medial plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S1,S2) Innervation Flexes little toe at metatarsophalangeal joint Adducts great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe Function Third Layer of Muscles in the Sole of the Foot (Spinal Segments in Bold Are the Major Segments Innervating the Muscle) SOLE OF FOOT: MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS, THIRD LAYER 190 SOLE OF FOOT: ARTERIES Identify the indicated arteries Sole of Foot: Arteries Deep plantar artery: terminal branch of dorsalis pedis artery Deep plantar arch Medial plantar artery Posterior tibial artery Lateral plantar artery Perforating vessels Plantar metatarsal artery Digital branches IN THE CLINIC: • The deep plantar arch connects with the posterior tibial artery through the lateral plantar artery and with the anterior tibial artery through the deep plantar artery Figure from Gray’s Anatomy for Students, 3rd edition, p 657 Copyright 2015, Elsevier Inc All rights reserved 191 SOLE OF FOOT: NERVES Identify the indicated nerves Sole of Foot: Nerves Medial plantar nerve Lateral plantar nerve IN THE CLINIC: • A lesion to the lateral plantar nerve results in loss of function of most intrinsic muscles in the sole of the foot except for three muscles (abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and the first lumbrical) that are supplied by the medial plantar nerve Also lost is sensation from skin on the lateral side of the sole of the foot • A lesion to the medial plantar nerve results in loss of sensation from a large area of the sole of the foot and in function of abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and the first lumbrical Figure from Gray’s Anatomy for Students, 3rd edition, p 660 Copyright 2015, Elsevier Inc All rights reserved ... Veins Copyright 2 015 , Elsevier Inc All rights reserved SURFACE ANATOMY: MALE ANTERIOR VIEW 1 Identify the indicated structures 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 SURFACE ANATOMY: MALE... ANTERIOR VIEW Identify the indicated structures 44 40 43 41 42 39 38 37 36 35 10 11 12 13 14 34 33 48 32 31 47 30 46 45 16 15 17 18 29 28 19 20 21 27 26 22 23 24 25 Skeleton: Anterior View Orbit Maxilla... Identify the indicated structures 40 44 43 42 41 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 10 31 11 12 13 14 30 29 47 46 15 45 28 27 26 25 16 17 18 19 20 24 23 21 22 Skeleton: Posterior View External occipital