Giáo trình English for Business I Intensive Reading được biên soạn nhằm cung cấp các kiến thức hữu ích cho các trường có đào tạo các ngành kỹ thuật - nghiệp vụ và đông đảo bạn đọc quan tâm đến vấn đề hướng nghiệp, dạy nghề. NỘi dung của giáo trình gồm có 7 Chapter trình bày các nội dung: English - speaking countries, foreign languages, holidays and recreation, environment and health, background to business, business structure and organization, marketing. Phần 2 của giáo trình trình bày nội dung của chương 4 và chương 5, mời các bạn cùng tham khảo.
Chapter ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH Objectives • P r o v i d i n g knovvledge ô n environment and health • I m p r o v i n g reading skills: ansvvering pre- reading questions about texts, scanning, s k i m m i n g , detailed reading, a p p l y i n g true/ false questions to texts • F o r m i n g appropriate manner Contents • I n í o r m a t i o n ô n conservation, air p o l l u t i o n , healthy diets • The use and í ò r m a t i o n ô n the gerund, prepositions f o l l o w i n g adịectives • V o c a b u l a r y r e l a t i n g to environment and health 55 U n i t l C O N S E R V A T I O N Pre-reading Ì W h a t are natural resources? W h y we need to conserve natural resources? Conservation is the safeguarding and preservation o f n a t u r a l resources, so thát they can continue to be used and erỹoyed I n the past, m o s t people believed t h t the w o r l d ' s resources c o u l d never be used ú p T o d a y , w e k n o w thát this is n ó t t r ú c A n i m p o r t a n t part o f conservation is t h e p r e v e n t i o n o f waste- waste o f í o r e s t s , s o i l , w i l d l i f e , minerals and h u m a n l i v e s A s important is the íĩght against p o l l u t i o n o f our e n v i r o n m e n t , i n p a r t i c u l a r , the d i r t y i n g and poisoning o f air and vvater Conservation is also concerned w i t h the r e c l a i m i n g o f land b y i r r i g a t i n g deserts, d r a i n i n g swamps or p u s h i n g b a c k the sea Farmers can protect their land b y yearly r o t a t i o n o f crops- t h t is, g r o w i n g d i f f e r e n t crops ô n the same land f r o m year to year I n this w a y , d i f f e r e n t elements o f the soil have t i m e to replace lost elements F a r m e r s c a n h e l p enrich the soil by a d d i n g f e r t i l i z e r s T h e y can prevent erosion b y p l o u g h i n g a l o n g the contours o f a h i u rather than ú p and d o w n I n this w a y w a t e r does n ó t r u n o f f and take the soil w i t h Ít Trees and shrubs are also needed to preserve l a n d because t h e i r roots bind the soil and retain vvater W h e n a l l the trees i n a r e g i o n are c ú t , the s o i l can easily become loose and b l o w away Forests provide t i m b e r , one o f M a n ' s most valuable resources, b ú t they must be managed c a r e í u l l y O n l y mature trees should be c ú t , l e a v i n g the y o u n g ones to g r o w bigger 56 T o protect w i l d - l i f e , many countries have passed laws r e s t r i c t i n g h u n t i n g and í i s h i n g W i l d - l i f e preserves areas where animals are protected vvithin their natural environment are becoming more c o m m o n i n regions vvhere a n i m a l l i f e is threatened D i r t y air is c h i e f l y a c i t y p r o b l e m London's f a m o u s "pea soup" f o g s were cleared by laws b y f o r b i d d i n g the b u r n i n g o f s o f t f u e l s ; b ú t car exhaust f u m e s continue to pollute the air Some large cities m a y have to ban cars f r o m the c i t y centre to wipe out smoke Minerals t h t are taken f r o m the Earth i n immense quantities i n c l u d e petroleum, coal, natural gas, iron and copper Once used ú p , these minerals can never be replaced to conserve t h è m , we must c ú t waste and recycle (put back into use) the metal i n discarded products, such as e m p t y cans Conservation also includes searching f o r altemative f u e l s , such as the energy o f the Sun W O R D LIST Conservation(n) Bảo tồn Contour(n) Đ n g v i ề n , đ n g quanh, đ n g n é t Element(n) Yếu tố Environment(n) Mơi trường Erosion (n) Xói m ò n Mineral(n) Khống Poisoning(n) Sự đ ầ u đ ộ c Pollution(n) Ô nhiễm Preservation(n) Bảo vệ Prevention(n) Sự n g ă n ngừa Quantity Số lượng Reclaim(v) C ả i t o , ( n ô n g ) k h a i hoang Resource(n) Nguồn Root(n) Gốc Rotation(n) Sự l u â n p h i ê n , q u a y Guarding(n) Bảo vệ 57 Soil(n) Đt Swamp(n) Hầm Timber(n) GỖ l m n h , k è o , x Waste(n) Cht t h ả i Alternative(n) Sự lựa c h ọ n Immense(adj) Lớn, khổng l Mature(v) Trưởng thành Natural(adj) Tự nhiên Chiefly(adv) Chính Discard(v) Bỏ Drain(v) Làm khô Forbid(v) Cm Irrigate(v) Tưới(đt, ruộng), d ẫ n nứóc v o Pollute(v) Làm nhiễm Preserve(v) Bảo tồn Retain(v) Giữ Wipe(v) Lau,chùi Particular(adj) Riêng biệt A C O M P R E H E N S I O N A I R e a d t h e text a n d ansvver the f o l l o w i n g q u e s t i o n s Ì W h a t is conservation concerned w i t h ? H o w can farmers protect their land? I n vvhat w a y can trees preserve land? W h a t happens w h e n a l l the trees i n a r e g i o n are c ú t ? W h a t are some example o f minerals taken f r o m the earth? A2 Write T betore true statements Write F b e í o r e false statements Ì Most people believe thát the world's resources can never be used ú p Conservation is o n l y the s a í e g u a r d i n g o f natural resources 58 Y e a r l y rotation o f crops means grovving d i f f e r e n t crops ô n the same land f r o m year to year A d d i n g fertilizers can help enrich the soil Once used ú p , minerals can be replaced B T H E G E R Ư N D The - I N G f o r m o f t e n acts like a verb and a n o u n át the same t i m e can be f o l l o w e d by án object (e.g i i t a t i n g deserts, d r a i n i n g svvamps) b ú t Ít can also itselí be the subject, object or complement o f a sentence Examples: D r a i n i n g svvamps is necessary to r e c l a i m land ( D r a i n i n g - > subject) Conservation also includes searching f o r alternative f u e l s (Searching —> o b j e c t ) Conservation is the s a í e g u a r đ i n g and preservation o f natural resources (Saíeguarding - » complement) Farmers can protect their land by growing d i f f e r e n t crops (Grovving - > object o f the preposition B Y ) L i k e any other n o u n , the - I N G f o r m can be used w i t h an article or possessive or demonstrative adjective The saịeguarding oi natural resources D o you m i n d m y making a suggestion? ( I n í ò r m a l : D o y o u m i n d me m a k i n g a suggestion ?) Note thát have a direct when the -ING form is usecl with an articỉe, Ít cannot usualìy obịect The reclaiming oi land ( + n ó t the r e c l a i m i n g land) B I M a k e s e n t e n c e s u s ỉ n g the f o l l o w i n g V - i n g ,or V - i n g p h r a s e as s u b j e c t , o b j e c t o r c o m p l e m e n t o f a s e n t e n c e Ì Preserving natural resources 59 í i s h i n g r e c y c l i n g paper s m o k i n g p o l l u t i n g one's environment safeguarding natural resources preventing vvaste grovving different crops of the same land B2 Now write the proper form of the verb in parentheses, (gerund, present participle, past participle, bare intinitive o r t o intinitive) H o w is Susan (get) along i n her n e w j o b ? ì t h i n k she gets used to ( w o r k ) T h t í a b r i c is ( m a k e ) f o r t y hours a vveek o f a material vvhich catches fire easily There are signs everyvvhere (tell) people t o k e e p out o f the grass i n the park is n ó t easy (tell) a t w i n f r o m the other M a n y s n o w - f e d m o u n t a i n streams d r y ú p d u r i n g c e r t a i n seasons o f the year because there is no ( m e l t ) snow át t h t t i m e There are so m a n y signs along t h t road ( w a r n ) d o w n because thát roads very s l i p p e r y c W O R D STUDY Noun formation Nouns derived f r o m verbs can have the f o l l o w i n g s u f f í x e s : 60 m o t o r i s t s (slovv) suffixes examples - t i o n ; -ation conservation; preservation; prevention - ment development - er fertilizer - ing poisoning; d i r t y i n g - saíeguard - age drainage C1 N o w use the correct noun or verb f o r m s in the sentences Change the grammatical f o r m o f the w o r d s if necessary Ì conserve W e have to the natural resources o f our c o u n t r y W a t e r is necessary f o r hydropovver stations develop W e have made great e f f o r t s to our country The industrial vvill lead to the country's prosperity 3.fertilize Farmers their land to make Ít productive T h e y apply into the íìelds after the crops have been planted well-protect Some plants have to be The tender plant need against the cold weather en ri ch W e come to school to students up-to-date our m i n d s vvith knovvledge By g i v i n g the s c i e n t i í i c knovvledge their mental vvill be very worthwhile rotate The f a r m e r s need to their c r o p s T h e o f crops ô n the same land can prevent soil exhaustion 61 The a continue weather to get vvorse and worse T o d a y ' s weather w i l l be o f yesterday saỷeguard W e have to wildlife The .preservation o f n a t u r a l resources vvill prevent a lót o f waste need Y o u don't 10 to h u r r y There's no f o r y o u t o start yet pollute Exhaust f u m e s f r o m m o t o r vehicles the air Some large cities have had measures to m i n i m i z e air 11 recycle M a n y factories The o l d nevvspapers b y d e - i n k i n g and p u l p i n g t h è m o f waste paper can save a great amount o f w o o d - p u l p 12 produce Our farms increase 13 The rice, crops, and d a i r y We have t r i e d to b y using better methods and tools drain svvamps i n this area ought to be The o f these svvamps w i l l destroy the mosquitoes' breeding places 14 provide We have to make our c h i l d r e n w i t h f o o d and clothes W e must also f o r our o l d age by saving m o n e y C2 N o w m a k e y o u r o w n s e n t e n c e s u s i n g t h e v v o r d s a b o v e 62 D D E A L I N G W I T H U N F A M I L I A R W O R D S A N D PHRASE A number o f u n í a m i l i a r words and phrases are explained i n the text How ỉndicate are the followỉng e x p l a i n e d ? W h a t p u n c t u a t i o n s a r e used to t h t t h e expressions a r e b e ỉ n g ẽ x p l a i n e d ? a conservation (paragraph Ì ) b yearly rotation o f crops (paragraph 2) c w i l d - l i f e preserves (paragraph 5) d recycle (paragraph7) : 63 U n i t AIR- POLLUTION Clean air provides us w i t h a healthy supply o f o x y g e n W h e n vvastes are poured into the atmosphere, the air becomes c o n t a m i n a t e d a n d unpleasant to breathe T h i s is air p o l l u t i o n W a t e r vapour and carbon d i o x i d e occur i n the air n a t u r a l l y E x a m p l e s of air p o l l u t i o n are dust storms, volcanic eruptions, í o r e s t fires caused by l i g h t e n i n g , p o l l e n , and marsh gases A large a m o u n t o f air p o l l u t i o n i n cities comes f r o m sources other than industry, m a i n l y a u t o m o b i l e s , h o m e eating, and garbage disposal Vehicles also account f o r air p o l l u t i o n i n the cities A u t o m o b i l e exhaust and some i n d u s t r i a l processes contain carbon m o n o x i d e , an odourless gas w h i c h cannot be seen or tasted N i t r i c o x i d e i another t a i l - p i p e e m i s s i o n t h t is h i g h l y poisonous and m a y sometimes change i n t o the even m o r e nitrogen d i o x i d e Lead and smoke are e m i t t e d i n engine exhausts as t i n y particles 64 dangerous CHAPTER UnỉM A AI 1,4 A2 because c o u n t r y music is about simple, strong h u m a n í e e l i n g s and common events l i k e t r a d i t i o n a l music o f the A p p a l a c h i a n M o u n t a i n s and l i k e covvboy music f r o m the south to w o r k i n í a c t o r i ẹ s because they were i n the army N a s h v i l l e , Tennessee see the grand O l e O p r y , the homes o f í a m o u s c o u n t r y music singers, and an amusement park many people everyvvhere i n the n i t e d States and i n other countries A3 l.b 5.a 2.a 6.d 3.Ơ 7.d 4.C B BI Ì smarter a r m y simple broadcast h u m a n , events record complicated, o r d i n a r y tours traditional 10 f a m e B2 Ì traditional p r o g r a m event visitors broadcasts c o m p l i c a t e d 13.GT ENGLISH FOR-A 185 o r d i n a r y lHái a r m y ì vvimple ' 10 h u m a n / c Loi 5 ini n oi i n ô n 7.of i n ô n A IU Tớ ô. D l.h 6.j l e 7.b 3.a 8.C 4.g 9.d 5.f lO.i I •.tt'!'.'\ Unit2 A AI Ì students and y o u n g people People o f t e n travel b y t r a i n , b y coach o r ô n f o o t y o u can o n l y take w i t h y o u what y o u can c a r r y - u s u a l l y i n a rucksack ô n y o u r back a tent, a gas stove, f o o d clothes, f o o t w e a r , a sleeping bag A2 l.F 2.F 3.F 4.F 5.T B BI Ì items cheap essential footwear Ì easy íorget w e t heavier B2 186 ^ fiT n i n _ B CHAPTER Unitl A AI Ì the prevention o f waste, the fíght against p o l l u t i o n o f our environment, the r e c l a i m i n g o f l a n d b y yearly rotation o f crops, adding f e r t i l i z e r s , p l o u g h i n g along the contours o f a h i u rather than ú p and d o w n their roots b i n d the soil and retain water the soil can easily become loose and b l o w away petroleum, coal, natural gas, iron and copper kì Ì F ( i n the past, n ó t n o w ) F (Conservation is the s a í e g u a r d i n g and preservation o f natural resources) 3.T 4.T F (Once used ú p , these minerals can never be replaced to conserve t h è m ) B B2 Ì g e t t i n g ; vvorking made t e l l i n g to ten m e l t vvarning; to slow c Ì conserve/ conservation safeguard/ s a í e g u a r d i n g develop/ development need/ need f e r t i l i z e / fertilizers 10 p o l l u t e / p o l l u t i o n vvell-protected/ w e l l - p r o t e c t i n g 1 recycle/ recycle e n r i c h / enrichment 12 produce/ products/ p r o d u c t i o n 187 rotate/ rotation 13 d r a i n e d / drainage continues/ c o n t i n u a t i o n 14 p r o v i d e / p r o v i s i o n Unit2 A AI l.T F ( A large amount o f air p o l l u t i o n i n cities c o m e s f r o m sources other than i n d u s t r y ) F ( B u r n i n g coal and o i l releases other gases h a r m í u l t o humans.) T 5.T A2 W a t e r vapour and carbon d i o x i d e A u t o m o b i l e s , h o m e eating, and garbage disposal A u t o m o b i l e exhaust and some i n d u s t r i a l processes c o n t a i n carbon m o n o x i d e , an odourless gas w h i c h cannot be seen o r tasted í t is c o m m o n l y f o u n d i n most m a j o r cities w h e r e there are concentrations o f i n d u s t r y and automobiles A s u l p h u r i c - a c i d m i s t B B2 l.to to 2.for vvith át 8.of about to f r o m 10 w i t h l i át c Cl medkare: brunih: 188 m e d i c a l + care (an organized health p r o g r a m m e ) b r e a k í a s t + l u n c h (late m o r n i n g m e a l ) large heliport: helicopter (air) port lnterpol: international + police moteỉ: m o t o r + hotel newscast: telecast: newsbroadcast television broadcast C2 childless careless restless harmless speechless odourless treeless C3 - f u l : h a r m í u l , p e a c e í u l , s u c c e s s í u l , h o p e í u l —less: useless, harmless, odourless, hopeless, — i s h : t b o l i s h , s e l f í s h , — a i : natural, agricultural, industrial, — l y : d a i l y , — l i k e : m a n l i k e , b r o t h e r l i k e , — y : d i r t y , snowy, rainy, dusty, a h e l p í u l d successful b d a i l y e healthy c h a r m í u l f natural Unit3 A AI l.T F The amounts f r o m each f o o d group are d i f f e r e n t 3.T F M o s t Japanese eat a lót o f grains F There are very l o w rates o f cancer and heart disease i n Japan 6.T 189 F í t is i m p o r t a n t f o r c h i l d r e n t o have a healthy d i ê u F C h i l d r e n u s u a l ỉ ỵ eat the same w a y t h e i r parents eat F Doctors believe thát f r u i t and vegetables prevent d i f f e r e n t diseases A2 a yes b because they é a t a l ó t o f meat and o n l y a s m a l l a m o u n t o f grains f r u i t , and vegetables a no b because t h e y eat a l ó t o f grains and v e r y l i t t l e m e a t o f a their rates o f cancer and heart disease increase b because their diet changes a the disease tares i n these countries are i n c r e a s i n g b because their diets o f people i n these countries are c h a n g i n g a eating f r u i t and vegetables can prevent some diseases b eating meat can cause some diseases A3 La 2.b 4.b 3.C 5.a B Ì c o n í u s e d suggestion u n f o r t u n a t e l y t y p e describe agree prevent disease as a result 10 because o f Ì improvements, improve does n ó t research, research does n ó t agree, agreement increase, increase encourages, encouragement taste, d o n ó t taste develop, d e v e l o p m e n t causes, causes n ó t e n j o y , e i ý o y m e n t 10 changes, does n ó t change c D Ì too m u c h / a lót o f / large amounts o f 190 a lót o f / t o o m u c h / large amounts o f a small amount o f h i g h rates o f a lót o f , l r g e amounts o f very l i t t l e very I o w rates o f m o r e / a lót o f less 10 f e w e r CHAPTER Unit A One d e f i n i t i o n o f business is the p r o d u c t i o n , d i s t r i b u t i o n , and sale o f goods and services f o r a p r o í i t T r a d i t i o n a l l y , business s i m p l y meant exchange or trade f o r things people w a n t e d or needed the creation o f services or the changing o f materials i n t o products the creation o f services or the changing o f materials i n t o products Goods are products vvhich people either need or want; f o r example, cars can be c l a s s i í i e d as goods Services, ô n the other hand, are activities w h i c h a person or group p e r í ò r m s f o r another person or organization the creation o f p r o f i t or economic surplus P r o í i t is the m o n e y t h t remains after a l l the expenses are p a i d B Ì F The concepts and activities o f business have increased in m o d e r n times 2.T 3.T F Sale is the exchange o f a product or service f o r m o n e y 5.T 191 Unit2 A b 2.C 3.a B BI l.F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.F B2 Ì The things t h t go i n t o the m a k i n g o f goods and services There are three k i n d s : natural resources, h u m a n resources, a n d capital resources A i r and water, m i n e r a l s such as i r o n ore, g o l d ; c o a l a n d gas, vegetable products, such as trees, plants grains, and í r u i t s - a l l are natural resources There c o u l d be n o goods o f any k i n d T h e machines, tools, and b u i l d i n g s used i n the p r o d u c t i o n o f goods and services CHAPTER Unit A AI l.T 2.T 3.F 4.F F ki Ì W h e n you're a c t u a l l y s h o w i n g someone a r o u n d the place o f w o r k or premises, e x p l a i n to someone h o w y o u r c o m p a n y o r y o u r d e p a r t m e n t is organized Goods and services 192 Large companies m a y be organized into several large departments, sometimes even divisions A board o f directors Á t the yearly shareholders' meeting B Ì department, organized, aspects Dominate Nationalized, state, private day-to-day, M a n u í a c t u r i n g , t r a d i n g Unit2 B Ì í l u c t u a t e mean rise d e f í n e grovv m o v e occur t r y use 10 stabilize 11 reduce c Ì annual recession peak occur trough happen magnitude short-term recovery D Ì rate li irregular 12 pattern í l u c t u a t e 13 t u r n i n g p o i n t peak 14 5.recovery 15 expansion 16 t r o u g h 17 vary 193 stabilize 18 19 c o n a c t i o n 10 average 20 CHAPTER UniM A AI Ì so t h t shoppers w i l l have to pass b y m a n y other f o o d s m o r e expensive f o o d i n packages w i t h b r i g h t c o l o u r s because they are cheap and o r d i n a r y f o o d so t h t the store w i l l be a pleasant place f o r people t o stay and spend money to m a k e t h è m l o o k redder to m a k e people t h i n k about b u y i n g chocolate s y r u p t o p u t ô n their ice cream A2 Le 2.b 3.a 4.b B 2V c Cl Ì.cupboards temperature decisions a d d i t i o n a l m a r k e t i n g lettuce, plastic f l o u r specialists candy C2 Ì.candy lettuce shelf m a r k e t i n g temperature a d d i t i o n a l d e c i s i o n 194 D Ì competitive decision r e f r i g e r a t o r store announcement chemicals poisonous embarrassed n i t e d 10 add e Ì specialists i n m a r k e t i n g t h i s f o o d a store f l.b 4.a 5.C 6.f 3.g 7.e CHAPTER Unit A AI Ì country to imports f r o m imports the does 9.of the A I I m p o r t s and exports Rate o f exchange Letter o f credit Importance o f i n t e m a t i o n a l trade Unit A AI A2 l.F F 3.F 4.T 5.T B Le 3.b 5.C 2.a 4.d a CHAPTER Unit2 A A I Read the text and answei these questime? A2 l.b 3.d 5.a c c 6.d B 196 Ì personnel E x t e m a l r e c r u i t m e n t s t a f f department p r o m o t e d R e c r u i t i n g t r a n s f e r r e d R e t i r e , vacancies F r i n g e b e n e í i t s T r a n s í e r r i n g , p r o m o t i n g 10 grievance Ì A u t h o r i t y / authorized A p p l y / a p p l i c a t i o n / applicants Promotional/ promoted D e s c r i p t i o n / describes Base Competing Determination Required/ requirements 10 Qualified/qualified Recruitment D Le 2.C a b Staff Qualifications 5.d E Recruit/ retire F r i n g e benefits A competitor Applicants Grievances Recruits e x t e r n a l l y Promotion 10 transferred Ì Reasons f o r r e c r u i t i n g 1.1 to replace vvorkers w h o retire or q u í t Ì to f i l l new jobs created b y expansion Internal recruitment Ì P r o m o t i o n more authority and responsibility, increase i n salary 2.2 T r a n s í e r f r o m one department to another, d i f f e r e n t w o r k i n g c o n d i t i o n s or hours 2.3 Result o f internal p r o m o t i o n p o l i c y managers w o r k e d their way ú p , new employees h i r e d t starting positions External recruitment f r o m 3.1 college campuses 3.2 competitors 3.3 advertisements and placement services 197 REFERENCES •( Ì John T h o m a s F r e n c h , 0 , "You are in business", K a t h r y n A B l a k e , 0 , "College Reading N X B TP H C M Skiỉls", Dịch v c h ú giải P h m T h u Hang, N X B Thanh Niên L e o Jones and R i c h a r d A l e x a n d e r , 1996, "New Internationaỉ Engìish", C a m b r i d g e U n i v e r s i t y Press L o u i s e w o o d s , 1997, "Reading ỉ", N X B Đ i H ọ c Q u ố c g i a H N ộ i N i c k A n d o n & Seamus ' R i o r d a n , 0 , "English Business", Business for ỉntemational N X B Thanh niên Patricia A c k e r t & A n n e L N e b e l , 0 , "Insights ơnd Ideas", Harcout Brace& Company Sarah, D o N u & H K i m A n h , 2000, "English in economics Smith Laurrance, 1993, "Insight H e i n l e & H e i n l e Publishers T u A n h , M a y P h u o n g , 1998, "English 198 for today", 12", N X B G i o d ụ c and business" I CONTENTS Introduction Chapter 1: ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES U n i t 1: The weather i n England 10 n i t 2: The U n i t e d States 15 Chapter2: F0REIGN LANGUAGES U n i t Ì : The popularity o f English 24 U n i t 2: L e a r n i n g a second language 29 Chapter 3: HOLIDAYS AND RECREATION U n i t 1: Country music 38 Unit 2: Outdoor holidays 48