RFID and auto ID in planning and logistics a practical guide for military UID applications

RFID and Auto-ID in Planning and Logistics A Practical Guide for Military UID Applications Erick C Jones, PhD Christopher A Chung, PhD RFID and Auto-ID in Planning and Logistics A Practical Guide for Military UID Applications RFID and Auto-ID in Planning and Logistics A Practical Guide for Military UID Applications Erick C Jones, PhD The University of Texas at Arlington, USA Christopher A Chung, PhD Seabrook, Texas, USA Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-9428-2 (Ebook-PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint Except as permitted under U.S Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400 CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Preface xxiii Acknowledgments .xxvii Authors xxix Part Iâ•… History and Background Chapter Introduction and History of Military Logistics 1.1 1.2 1.3 Introduction Assyrians Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great 1.3.1 Reduction of Logistical Burdens 1.3.2 Naval Logistics 1.3.3 Advanced Supply Depots 1.4 Middle Ages Logistics: 1000–1400 AD 1.4.1 Early Scorched Earth Policy 1.4.2 Siege Logistical Considerations 1.5 Early British Naval Logistics: 1700–1800s 1.5.1 Lord Nelson 1.5.2 Logistical Requirements to Prevent Scurvy 1.5.3 Prevention of Spoilage of Supplies 1.5.4 Cannon Logistics Considerations 1.5.5 Gunpowder Logistics Considerations 1.6 American Revolutionary War 1.6.1 Logistical Acquisition and Supply Difficulties 1.6.2 Host Nation Support 1.7 Early 1800s .9 1.8 U.S Civil War 1.8.1 Railways and Trains 1.8.2 Mortuary Logistics 1.9 Zulu Wars 10 1.9.1 British Ammunition Logistics 10 1.10 Spanish–American War 10 1.10.1 Logistical Problems at the Departure Port 10 1.10.2 Logistical Problems at Sea 11 1.10.3 More Logistical Problems in the Field 11 1.11 World War I 11 1.11.1 Use of Railways and Trains 11 1.11.2 Fortified Defensive Positions 12 1.11.3 Heavier than Air Aircraft 12 1.11.4 U-Boats 12 1.11.5 Poison Gas 13 v vi Contents 1.12 World War II 13 1.12.1 Use of Widespread Air Transportation 13 1.12.2 Use of Long-Range Bombers 14 1.12.3 Ammunition 14 1.12.4 U-Boats 14 1.12.5 Russian Campaign 14 1.13 Korean War 15 1.13.1 ANTIAC 15 1.13.2 First Widespread Use of the Helicopter for Logistical Operations 15 1.14 Cold War 16 1.14.1 Stockpiling of Supplies 16 1.14.2 Dependence on Civilian Aircraft 16 1.15 Vietnam War: U.S Perspective 17 1.15.1 Rapid Removal of Battlefield Casualties 17 1.15.2 Increased Firepower 17 1.16 Vietnam War: Viet Cong Perspective 17 1.16.1 Military Supply Recycling 18 1.16.2 Acquisition of Supplies on the Open Market 18 1.16.3 Viet Cong Medical Logistics 18 1.16.4 Viet Cong Mortuary Logistics 18 1.17 Soviet–Afghanistan War 18 1.17.1 Use of Local Support 19 1.17.2 Logistical Operations without Local Support 19 1.18 Iran–Iraq War 19 1.18.1 Use of Modern Foreign Weapons Systems 19 1.18.2 World Involvement in Military Logistics 20 1.18.3 Overreliance on Foreign Military Suppliers .20 1.19 Falkland Islands War 20 1.19.1 British Vulcan Bombing of Port Stanley Airfield .20 1.19.2 Exocet Missiles 21 1.20 Gulf War 22 1.20.1 Lack of Resupply 22 1.20.2 Incompatibility of Logistical Information Systems 22 1.21 War on Terrorism in Afghanistan 22 1.22 Iraq War 23 1.22.1 Personal Body Armor 23 1.22.2 Widespread Use of Military Contractors 23 1.22.3 U.S Soldiers Forced to Steal Water 24 1.23 Future of Military Logistics 24 1.24 Summary 24 Chapter U.S Department of Defense and North Atlantic Treaty Organization Supply Classes and National Stock Numbers .25 2.1 2.2 Introduction 25 Specific Supply Class Details 26 2.2.1 Class I: Food 26 2.2.2 Class II: Clothing 26 2.2.3 Class III: Fuel and Lubricants 27 2.2.4 Class IV: Barrier or Fortification Materials 27 vii Contents 2.3 2.2.5 Class V: Ammunition 27 2.2.6 Class VI: Personal Demand Items 27 2.2.7 Class VII: Major End Items 27 2.2.8 Class VIII: Medical Supplies 27 2.2.9 Class IX: Repair Parts .28 2.2.10 Class X: Materials for Nonmilitary Programs 28 Summary 28 Chapter DOD Shipping Level Containers RFID Designations 29 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Introduction 29 Layer 0: Product Item 29 Layer 1: Package 29 Layer 2: Transport Unit or Shipping Container 29 Layer 3: Unit Load or Palletized Unit Load 29 Layer 4: Freight Container 30 Layer 5: Movement Vehicle 30 Summary 30 Part IIâ•… Overview of RFID and AIT Technologies Chapter Overview of AIT Technologies 33 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Introduction 33 Automatic Information Technologies 33 4.2.1 AIM Global 33 4.2.1.1 Bar Codes 34 4.2.1.2 RFID 35 4.2.1.3 RFDC 36 4.2.1.4 RTLS 36 4.2.1.5 Satellite Tags with GPS 36 4.2.1.6 MEMS 37 4.2.1.7 Contact Memory Buttons 37 4.2.1.8 Biometrics 38 4.2.1.9 Common Access Cards 38 4.2.1.10 Optical CharacterÂ� Recognition 38 Bar Codes 39 4.3.1 Early History of the Bar Code 39 4.3.2 Industry Acceptance 40 4.3.2.1 Railroads 40 4.3.2.2 Grocery Industry .40 4.3.3 Universal Product Code 40 4.3.3.1 Economic Impact of the UPC 40 4.3.4 Technology behind the Bar Code 41 4.3.5 Current Level of Use 42 4.3.6 Future Uses 43 RFID 43 4.4.1 Prior to IFF 44 4.4.2 How the Great Bug Seal Worked 45 viii Contents 4.4.3 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Research on RFID 45 4.4.3.1 In the Twentieth Century 45 4.4.3.2 The First RFID Patents 46 4.4.3.3 Toll Road and Animal Tracking 46 4.4.4 Development of Cost-Effective Protocol 48 4.4.5 Overview of Passive and Active Radio Frequency Identification Technologies 49 Global Positioning Systems 50 4.5.1 Integration of Real-Time Technologies and GPS 51 4.5.2 Conclusion 52 Real-Time Location Systems 52 Differences in Using RFID, RTLS, and GPS 53 Trend to Integrated AIT Applications 53 Summary 55 Chapter Basic Introduction to Common RFID Components 57 5.1 General Component Overview 57 5.1.1 Tags 57 5.1.2 Reader 58 5.1.3 Antennas 59 5.1.4 Host 60 5.2 Tags 60 5.2.1 Power Sources 60 5.2.1.1 Passive Tags .60 5.2.1.2 Active Tags 61 5.2.1.3 Semi-Active Tags 62 5.2.1.4 SAW RFID Tags 62 5.2.2 Tag Frequencies 62 5.2.3 Writing Capabilities 63 5.2.3.1 Read Only 63 5.2.3.2 Write Once Read Many 63 5.2.3.3 Read–Write 63 5.2.4 Tag Components 64 5.2.4.1 Tag Integrated Circuitry 64 5.2.4.2 Tag Antennas .64 5.2.4.3 Tag Substrate or Tag Housing 65 5.2.5 Tag Generations 65 5.3 Scanners and Readers .66 5.3.1 Scanners 66 5.3.2 Readers 66 5.3.3 Reader Frequencies 66 5.3.4 Reader Interrogation Modes 66 5.4 Antennas 68 5.5 Hosts 69 5.5.1 Communication Protocols 69 5.5.1.1 RS-232 69 5.5.1.2 RS-485 69 5.5.1.3 Ethernet 70 5.6 Summary 70 Questions 70 ix Contents Chapter Passive RFID System Components 71 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Introduction 71 6.1.1 Major Advantages to Passive RFID Systems 71 6.1.1.1 Lower Expense 71 6.1.1.2 Smaller Sizes 71 6.1.1.3 Greater Operational Life 72 6.1.1.4 Environmental Robustness 72 6.1.2 Major Disadvantages to Passive RFID Systems 72 6.1.2.1 Less Range 72 6.1.2.2 Less Identification Capability 73 Chapter Organization 73 Trovan Electronic Identification Systems 73 6.3.1 Trovan Passive Tags 73 6.3.1.1 ID 100 Series 73 6.3.1.2 ID 200 and 300 Series 74 6.3.1.3 ID 400 Series 75 6.3.1.4 ID 600 Series 75 6.3.1.5 ID 700 Series 75 6.3.1.6 ID 800 Series 75 6.3.1.7 ID 1000 Series 77 6.3.2 Trovan Portable Readers 77 6.3.2.1 LID WAPR Workabout Pro Reader 77 6.3.2.2 GR-250 High-Performance Reader 78 6.3.2.3 LID Pocket Series Readers 78 SmartCode 79 6.4.1 SmartCode Inlays 79 6.4.2 SmartCode Passive Tags 79 Symbol Technologies 79 6.5.1 RFX3000 Series Inlays 79 6.5.1.1 RFX3000 × Read/Write Tag .80 6.5.1.2 RFX3000 × Read/Write Tag .80 6.5.1.3 RFX3000 × Read/Write Tag 81 6.5.1.4 RFX3000 × Read/Write Tag 81 6.5.2 Gen RFX6000 Series Read/Write Inlay 81 6.5.2.1 RFX6000 × Series Read/Write Inlay 81 6.5.2.2 RFX6000 × Series Read/Write Inlay 81 6.5.2.3 Cargo Tag 82 6.5.3 Symbol Antennas 83 6.5.3.1 AN200 General Purpose Antenna 83 6.5.3.2 AN400 High-Performance Area Antenna 84 6.5.4 Symbol Readers 84 6.5.4.1 RD5000 .84 6.5.4.2 XR400 Series .84 Intermec 85 6.6.1 Intellitag Windshield Tag 85 6.6.2 Intellitag Container Tag 85 6.6.3 Intellitag ID Card 86 6.6.4 Intermec Readers 86 36 Future RFID Applications RFID is an emerging technology that has the potential to be used in various applications In this book, we have described methods of using RFID in military applications, but one must be aware of the fact that there exists a much broader scope for this technology As seen throughout the book, logistics is a wide-ranging subject that allows for RFID integration to make the supply chain more efficient With military applications, the future of RFID could lead to investigation and development of manufacturing processes that support the embedding of RFID/AIT systems into military systems To the question, what lies in the future for RFID technology? the answer is that it has endless applications that only need to be explored 36.1â•… RFID AND AIT CENTERS Several universities are exploring the future applications of RFID Universities conduct research in several fields where RFID technology can be integrated A particular type of RFID research center is known as “RAC,” which is RFID and AIT centers that bring together faculty from industrial engineering and related fields across multiple universities with common interests in enabling automated technologies to support research that improves life expectancy with improved (1) quality of life, (2) security, and (3) well-being A particular emphasis of the center is researching, designing, and innovation of RFID and AIT systems to support the aforementioned goals In order to support this vision, the partnered universities have aligned certain areas with the themes of quality of life, security, and well-being such medical drug tracking, retail, transportation, etc These areas can be seen in Figure 36.1 36.2â•… RFID IN RESEARCH The research focus areas in RFID have the ability to construct better-engineered systems in healthcare, transportation, and infrastructure assets The research plan followed by those conducting research in RFID is aligned with three goals RFID and AIT systems, enabling technologies, and fundamental knowledge To better align themselves with these goals, individuals should seek systems to solve their life and well-being problems These issues need to be translated into basic knowledge through research, which then investigates the enabling technologies, which leads to development of RFID and AIT systems A typical strategic research plan focuses on these three areas that have subareas that are available for further research as seen in Figure 36.2 By utilizing the research in RFID and AIT, conducted across different universities, RFID is transformed by the diverse research methods and algorithms and enhances the fields that utilize RFID, GPS, GPRMS, bar codes, and other ADC technologies The fundamental knowledge that enables the technologies will lead to additional inventory control models, sensor application models, and more enhanced computing algorithms These discoveries can be utilized to innovate areas such as healthcare, information security, and transportation Furthering partnerships with leading organizations, innovation centers, and practitioners will lead to knowing entrepreneurial thinking This will support the creation of new product manufacturing and new companies that facilitate innovation Utilization of the strategic plan is important for the new creations to support the goals such as wellness, security, and quality One must also identify the barriers within each level to allow for more successful creations Within the first level of fundamental knowledge, the barriers that one 379 380 RFID and Auto-ID in Planning and Logistics We llne ss Medical drug tracking Healthcare and medical devices Information security Military assets and devices Life expectancy Se y rit cu Maritime (port) operations International assets tracking Maritime (port) operations Retail Transportation and infrastructure International assets tracking y Q lit ua FIGURE 36.1â•… Goals of RTC Retail Sy st em s Information security Maritime operations Medical drug tracking Military assets and devices International asset tracking Transportation infrastructure Healthcare and medical devices Fu n kn dam ow en led tal ge Passive RFID Frequency modulation Radio wave detection GPS/RTLS Microchip technology Industrial engineering Database processing RFID antenna g lin s ab gie En nolo h tec Active RFID GPS/RTLS Networking Decision analysis FIGURE 36.2â•… Design of strategic plan must overcome include material interference, information acquisition, processing power, and communication The barriers identified for the second level, the enabling technologies level, include cost, life expectancy, standards, and performance Finally, the barriers for the top level of the strategic framework include regulation, universal acceptance, backward compatibility, and cost The barriers at each level of the strategic framework can be found in Figure 36.3 Research also exposes students to discovery in the increasingly important research areas of logistics; transportation and RFID/ADC, which by their definition have vital international components 381 Future RFID Applications Medical drug tracking International asset tracking Healthcare and medical devices Retail Systems Transportation infrastructure Information security Maritime operations Military assets and devices Barriers Regulation Universal acceptance Backwards compatibility Cost Requirements Stakeholders Wellness, security, quality Technology integration Technology elements Barriers RFID antenna Active RFID Cost Microchip System requirements Life expectancy Passive RFID GPS/RTLS Enabling technologies Communications technology Standards Performance Technology base Fundamental insights Frequency modulation Networking Database processing Radio wave detection Barriers Material interference Information acquisition Processing power Industrial engineering Fundamental knowledge Decision analysis Communication Knowledge base FIGURE 36.3â•… Strategic framework barriers Educators are preparing the next generation of engineers by exposing students to different cultures prior to entering the workforce This education is compatible with the National Science Foundation’s mandate to better prepare “future generations of U.S scientists and engineers to gain professional experience beyond the U.S borders early in their careers.” 36.3â•… BROADER IMPACT If these studies conducted in universities are proven successful, they will create new tools that companies can use successfully to integrate RFID technologies into several areas Subsequently, these models will enable smaller companies to explore the benefits of RFID in distribution operations The strength of having RAC, universities focus on researching these new technologies and providing real-world examples on integration into live operational applications is an effective way of supporting the NSF ERC mission The mission is accomplished with universities providing support to industry in defining research that can be effectively used to assist companies in improving operations Compilation of the results of future research will provide new tools with which companies and researchers can have more success in integrating RFID and AIT technologies to support the increasing life expectancy through better quality of life, general health and well-being, and safety and security These breakthroughs and models will enable organizations like the Department of Defense, Homeland Security, Health and Human Services, NASA, and FEMA, which provide crucial services, to explore benefits of this emerging technology for their asset, personnel, and client tracking needs The need for expanding this technology has been defined by initiatives from FAA 382 RFID and Auto-ID in Planning and Logistics to FDA in industries including healthcare, aerospace, and electronic commerce The discovery and education components of this future research support the need for better understanding, integration into operations, and development of engineers in this field 36.4â•… FUTURE OF RFID IN SPECIFIC AREAS RFID has a future in several fields and will transform these fields with the research being conducted Some fields that have the ability to be transformed by RFID are healthcare and medical devices, medical drug tracking, transportation and infrastructure, maritime operation, international asset tracking, retail, and information security In the healthcare and medical devices field, RFID can investigate and develop real-time location algorithms that support hospital location systems for patients and assets For example, RFID technology can be used to locate objects as simple as surgical sponges within a patient’s body A surgical sponge with an embedded RFID tag could be found by a doctor by simply scanning a patient’s body to determine whether or not a sponge has been left inside Other uses include asset management within a hospital where important assets are tagged so their location can be determined when these assets are needed by the hospital staff RFID can also be utilized in medical drug tracking by investigating the development and integration of systems and in vivo health effects of tracking of drugs from lot creation to ingestion confirmation For example, it may be important in a nursing home to determine whether or not a patient has taken their daily medication Using pills that are encoded with RFID technology, a technician has the ability to determine if the medication was ingested and at what time In transportation and infrastructure, RFID technology will aid in the investigation of manufacturing processes related to integrating these technologies in transportation such as commercial vehicles and infrastructures such as bridges and roads Objects such as signs and guardrails are very important in monitoring the traffic flow and this monitoring not only provides efficient travel but it also provides a safe travel environment By using RFID technology, the future of RFID allows for these important assets to be tracked; therefore, the proper authorities are notified when these assets have been damaged Other technologies could allow for RFID tags to be embedded in license plates in order to track where a particular vehicle is located or what kind of cargo is within a particular type of vehicle RFID technology may also be important in maritime (port) operations because it can be used to investigate and develop automatic technologies that can work at ports given the challenges of the marine environment to radio signal technologies RFID research will aid in overcoming the challenges imposed by marine environments and future RFID technology may become available for these areas International asset tracking is another field that future RFID technology has the ability to transform Future research could investigate the technologies that support the tracking of international assets including medication and workers New research could allow for an international company or countries to track workers throughout the world These new technologies would allow for RFID to not only have an impact locally but also globally RFID has already made an impact on the retail industry through companies such as Walmart that utilize RFID in the inventory management strategies Future research with RFID may further transform the retail industry by eliminating the need for bar codes Retail stores in the future would have tagged merchandise that when put in a cart will be identified by the RFID reader attached to the cart Instead of manually reading the bar code of each item, the cashier would only need to use the reader to determine the total cost of items being purchased Finally, RFID technology has the ability to transform the information security field by investigating the techniques and algorithms that secure RFID and AIT information RFID is an emerging technology, but it is important for the information encoded in these tags to be secure New research would allow for a more secure encoding to 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Suppliers’ Passive RFID Information Guide, Version 1, Updated August 31, 2004 CHAPTER 17 Nahmias, S., Production and Operations Analysis, 4th edn., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001 Print CHAPTER 18 Bowman, E H., Consistency and optimality in managerial decision making, Management Science, 9: 310–321, 1963 Bowman, E H., Production scheduling by the transportation method of linear programming, Operations Research, 4: 100–103, 1956 Chung, C and Krajewski, L J., Planning horizons for master production scheduling, Journal of Operations Management, 389–406, 1984 Cohen, M A., Fisher, M L., and Jaikurmar, J., International manufacturing and distribution networks In Managing International Manufacturing, Ferdows, K., ed., North Holland, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1989, pp 67–93 Erenguc, S and Tufekci, S., A transportation type aggregate production model with bounds on inventory and backordering, European Journal of Operations Research, 35: 414–425, 1988 Hax, A C and Candea, D., Production and 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McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001 Print Schrage, L., Linear, Integer, and Quadratic Programming with LINDO, Scientific Press, Palo Alto, CA, 1984 Schwarz, L B and Johnson, R E., An appraisal of the empirical performance of the linear decision rule for aggregate planning, Management Science, 24: 844–849, 1978 Silver, E A and Peterson, R., Decision Systems for Inventory Management and Production Planning, 2nd edn., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1985 CHAPTER 19 Morris, W T., Engineering Economic Analysis, Reston Publishing, Reston, VA, 1976 Ranson, G M., Group Technology, Pergamon, New York, 1970 Subramaniam, S., Design evaluation and cost estimation expert system, Master Thesis in Industrial Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 1991 White, J A., Case, K E., Pratt, D B., and Agee, M H., Principles of Engineering Economic Analysis, 4th edn., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1998 Whitney, D E., DeFazio, T L., Gustavson, T E., Graves, S C., Abell, T., Coopride, K., and Pappu, S., Tools for strategic product design, First Report, SCDL-R-2115, MIT and The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, November 1988 390 Bibliography CHAPTER 22 Chopra, S and Meindl, P., Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning, and Operation, Pearson, Upper Saddle River, NJ Dommety, G and Jain, R., Potential Networking Applications of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University 1996 January 2007 Feng, S and Law, C L., Assisted GPS and its impact on navigation and intelligent transportation systems In IEEE 5th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, pp 926–931 Johnson, J C., Wood, D F., Wardlow, D L., and Murphy, P R., Contemporary Logistics, 7th edn., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle, NJ, 1999 Novack, A R., Langley, J Jr., and Rinehart, L M., Creating Logistics Value: Themes for the Future Oak Brook, Council of Logistics Management, 1995 Reade, W and Lindsay, J D., Cascading RFID tags, IP.Com (2003), January 2007 Shapiro, J F., Modeling the Supply Chain Thomson, Belmont, CA, 2007 Want, R., Enabling ubiquitous sensing with RFID, Computer, 37: 84–86, 2004 IEEE Xplore Jan 2007 CHAPTER 23 Banerjee, P., Zhou, Y., and Montreuel, B., Genetically assisted optimization of cell layout and material flow path skeleton, IIE Transactions, 29(4), 277–291, 1997 Carbon, T A., Measuring efficiency of semiconductor manufacturing operations using data envelopment analysis (DEA) In IEEE SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference, 2000 Gary, M., Gaukler, G M., Özer, Ö., and Hausman, W H., RFID and Order Progress Information: Improved Dynamic Emergency Ordering Policies, Stanford University, July 10, 2006 Gotsman, C and Koren, Y., Distributed graph layout for sensor networks, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), p 3383, 2005 Tompkins, J A., White, J A., Bozer, Y A., Frazelle, E H., Tanchoco, J M A., and Trevino, J., Facility Planning, 2nd edn., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1996 Wehking, K.-H., Seeger, F., and Kummer, S., RFID transponders: Link between information and material flows How reliable are identification procedures, Logistics Journal, 2006 Zhang, Y., Liu, J., and Zhao, F., Information-directed routing in sensor networks using real-time reinforcement learning In Combinatorial Optimization in Communication Networks, pp 259–288, 2006 CHAPTER 24 Stevenson, W J., Operations Management, 10th edn., McGraw-Hill, Boston, MA, 2009, p 581 CHAPTER 25 Bacheldor, B., Fort hood to RFID-tag medical records, RFID Journal, http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/ articleprint/2536/-1/1 Fee, J and Schmack, A., Improving RFID technology, Army Logistician, March–April 2005, http://www.almc army.mil/ALOG/issues/MarApr05/rfid.html Ferguson, R., Army Taps 3M for RFID Tracking of Medical Records, http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Mobile-andWireless/Army-Taps-3M-for-RFID-Tracking-of-Medical-Records/, July 25, 2006 Granata, J P., Tracking materiel from warehouse to warfighter, Army Logistician, 37(5) HealthNEWS Team, 3M deploys RFID system for medical records management at US army base, http://www healthnewsdirect.com/?p=358, June 30, 2008 http://www.idautomation.com/rfid_faq.html#DOD-96_UID O’Conner, U.S army uses UWB to track trainees, RFID Journal, November 15, 2005, www1.rfidjournal.com/ article/view/1987/ Plinsky, J and Rogers, J., Enhanced logistics tracking and monitoring through sensor technology, http://www almc.army.mil/alog/issues/JulAug08/enhancelog_w_sensortech.html Bibliography 391 Swedberg, C., U.S army gun-monitoring RFID prototype gets upgrade, RFID Journal, 2007, http://www rfidjournal.com/article/articleview/3643/1/1/ Swedberg, C., U.S army developing RFID system to track weapons usage, RFID Journal, November 9, 2006, http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/articleview/2806/1/1/ CHAPTER 26 Granata, J P., Tracking materiel from warehouse to warfighter, Army Logistician, 37(5) Headquarters, United States Marine Corps, Deputy Commandant, Installation and logistics, USMC Radio Frequency Implementation Plan, July 27, 2006 Marine corps base manages personnel records using 3M RFID tracking system, http://www.morerfid.com/ details.php?subdetail=Report&action=details&report_id=5753&display=RFID CHAPTER 27 Savi Technology, http://www.savi.com/products/SensorTag_676.pdf Sullivan, L., U.S ports tackle security with technology, http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle jhtml;jsessionid=GC3RUMNDZEYDKQSNDBOCKH0CJUMEKJVN?articleID=177105452&pgno=1, January 30, 2006 U.S Customs and Border Protection, Maritime Cargo Security in the Age of Global Terrorism, http://www customs.gov/xp/cgov/newsroom/full_text_articles/trade_prog_initiatives/cargo_security.xml CHAPTER 28 Bacheldor, B., Yakka uses RFID to size N.Z military, RFID Journal, January 18, 2007, http://www.rfidjournal com/article/articleview/2982/1/1/ French army tracks emergency equipment with TI-RFid tags, http://www.ti.com/rfid/docs/news/eNews/enewsvol30 htm#story3 New Zealand: Yakka apparel uses RFID tags to reduce errors on uniform specs, December 7, 2006, http://www fibre2fashion.com/news/textiles-technology-news/newsdetails.aspx?news_id=27172 O’Connor, M C., Spanish military rolls out RFID, http://www.rfidjournal.com/ article/articleview/2142/1/1/ Sahu, B., Yakka Apparel embeds RFID tags in garments, December 11, 2006, http://www.rfidblog.org/page Spanish Army Realizes the Importance of RFID, http://www.rfid-weblog.com/50226711/ spanish_army_ realizes_the_importance_of_rfid.php Yakka Apparel in NZ First, http://www.istart.co.nz/index/HM20/PC0/PVC197/EX236/CS27955 CHAPTER 29 AMB Identification and Timing, http://www.amb-it.com/ ChampionChip, www.championchipusa.com Wyld, D C., Sports 2.0: A Look at the Future of Sports in the Context of RFID, http://www.thesportjournal org/2006Journal/Vol9-No4/Wyld.as CHAPTER 31 Laczniak, S., A VeriChip on Society’s Shoulder: Positive and Negative Implications of the VeriChip Sahu, B., VeriChip provides its VeriTrace System to FEMORS and Hawaii Health Department, http://www rfidblog.org/page/16/, September 25, 2006 Verichip Corporation, http://www.verichipcorp.com/index.html CHAPTER 32 Coleman, F., Eck, R W., and Russell, E R., Railroad-highway grade crossings: A look forward, In Transportation in the New Milliennium, Transportation Research Board, Committee on Railroad-Highway Grade Crossings, Washington, D.C., 2009 Clampitt, H G and Jones, E C., RFID Certification Textbook, PWD Group Inc., Houston, TX, 2006 392 Bibliography Intelligent Transportation Primer, The Institute of Transportation Engineers, 2000, Library of Congress Roess, R P., Prassas, E S., and McShane, W R., Traffic Engineering, 2nd edn., Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2004 Siegemund, F and Florkemeier, C., Interaction in pervasive computing settings using bluetooth-enabled active tags and passive RFID technology together with mobile phones In IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications 0-7695-1893-1/03 Singh, J P., Bambos, N., Srinivasan, B., and Clawin, D., Wireless LAN performance under varied stress conditions in vehicular traffic scenarios, 0-7803-7467-3/02/$17.00 ©2002 IEEE Southwest Research Institute, Railroad Delay Advance Warning System, Texas Department of Transportation, TransGuide, March 25, 1998 Xing, K., Ding, M., Cheng, X., and Rotenstreich, S., Safety warning based on highway sensor networks In IEEE Communications Society 0-7803-8966-2/05 CHAPTER 33 Cater, D J and Pasqualone, R.G., IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, ISO 9000 – A Perspective on a Global Quality Standard, 31(1), January 1995 Chang, Y and Makatsoris, H., Supply chain modeling using simulation, International Journal of Simulation, 2(1): 24–30, 2004 Chopra, S and Meindl, P., Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning, and Operation, Pearson, 2004 Collins, J., Good to Great – Why Some Companies Make the Leap and Others, HarperCollins Publishers Inc., New York, pp 219–229, 2001 George, M L., Lean Six Sigma, McGraw-Hill, 2003 In the global economy, International Organization for Standardization, September 1, 2009, ISO 14000 essentials, International Organization for Standardization, September 1, 2009, ISO 9001 2008 vs ISO 9001 2000, Praxiom Research Group Limited September 1, 2009, Jones, E C and Hain, J A., Using what you have, Six Sigma Forum Journal, 4(3): 23–28, 2005 Jones, E C., Six Sigma Background, White Paper of Radio Frequency and Supply Chain Lab, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2008 Jones, E C and Hain, J A., A Case Study of a Supply Chain Management Network Model in Government Public Works Department, White Paper of Radio Frequency and Supply Chain Lab, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2008 Jones, E C and Riley, M W., The value of industrial engineers in lean six sigma organizations In Submitted to Institute of Industrial Engineers Conference 2010, Cancun Mexico, 2010 Mellat-Parast, M., Jones, E C., and Adams, S G., Six Sigma and Baldrige: A Quality Alliance, Quality Principles, 2007 In Print Pyzdek, T., The Six Sigma Handbook: The Complete Guide for Greenbelts, Blackbelts, and Managers at All Levels, The McGraw-Hill, 2003 Shapiro, J F., Modeling the Supply Chain, Duxbury, Thomson Brook/Cole, 2001 Snicker, R., Implementing Six Sigma: A Planning Guide for Executive Teams Oriel Inc., 2004 In Print CHAPTER 34 Kenney, B., RFID as an enabler of networked logistics In Proceeding of RFID World, Dallas, TX, March 1, 2006 Vasquez, R., Frequency agile reader, Whitepaper, VerdaSee Solutions, 2007 CHAPTER 35 Kai Fong Lee, Principles of Antenna Theory, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 1984, p 231 Manufacturing & industrial EnginEEring RFID and Auto-ID in Planning and Logistics A Practical Guide for Military UID Applications As RFID technology is becoming increasingly popular, the need has arisen to address the challenges and approaches to successful implementation RFID and Auto-ID in Planning and Logistics: A Practical Guide for Military UID Applications presents the concepts for students, military personnel and contractors, and corporate managers to learn about RFID and other automatic information capture technologies, and their integration into planning and logistics functions The text includes comparisons of RFID with technologies such as bar codes, satellite tags, and global positioning systems and provides a decision model for choosing the appropriate technology for a given application By providing the histories, current use, and future applications of RFID and automatic identification technologies (AIT), the book educates the reader on supply chain planning and logistics uses for these technologies The text addresses the fundamental relationships in RFID, including how antennae, integrated circuitry, and substrate work together Detailed information is provided to enable the implementer to appropriately troubleshoot design issues The book also provides the reader with an understanding of passive, semi-passive, and active tags, so an informed choice of technology type can be made The unique identification (UID) standards necessary for military contractors and how to use RFID and AIT to meet those requirements are described as well This book is unique in the depth of material presented, making it appropriate for engineers, students, and operational personnel as a resource for foundational concepts for integrating logistics and RFID A comprehensive reference, this volume can serve as an academic text, a practitioner’s handbook, and a military contractor’s UID guide for using RFID and AIT technologies 94270 an informa business w w w c r c p r e s s c o m 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 711 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 Park Square, Milton Park Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK w w w c r c p r e s s c o m .. .RFID and Auto- ID in Planning and Logistics A Practical Guide for Military UID Applications RFID and Auto- ID in Planning and Logistics A Practical Guide for Military UID Applications Erick... applications, and traditional planning and logistics theoretical models and applications, integration of AIT in planning and logistics operations, military UID requirements, how to use RFID and. .. book can serve as an academic text, practitioner’s handbook, and a military contractor’s UID guide for using AIT and RFID technologies and can be used to educate individuals and organizations