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Tài liệu cung cấp các công thức,cấu trúc câu và cách làm bài tương ứng với mỗi dạng bài tập giúp các em hệ thống lại kiến thức tiếng Anh lớp 12 dễ dàng. Từ đó đưa ra các dạng bài tập cho các em rèn luyện, tự đánh giá và có các phương pháp bồi dưỡng hiệu quả, đạt kết quả cao trong các kì thi.
NGUYENTHONG HIGH SCHOOL Name: …………………………………………… Class: 12……… School Year: 2010 – 2011 REVISION I. COMPARISON: 1. So sánh bằng (equal comparison): He is as tall as his father John sings as well as his sister His job is not as (so) difficult as mine 2. So sánh hơn (comparative): Adj / adv ngắn: …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… * Đối với ADJ /ADV ngắn: Today is hotter than yesterday I work harder than John * Đối với ADJ / ADV dài: This chair is more comfortable than the other He speaks Spanish more fluently than I do * So sánh kép (double comparative): So sánh đồng tiến (càng … càng): The sooner you leave, the earlier you will arrive at your destination The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be The more you have, the more you want The more you study, the smarter you will become So sánh luỹ tiến (càng ngày càng): ADJ / ADV ngắn: ADJ / ADV dài: It is becoming harder and harder to find a job Her story was more and more attractive 3. So sánh nhất (superlative): * Đối với ADJ / ADV ngắn: John is the tallest boy in the family * Đối với ADJ / ADV dài: This is the most intelligent student in the class Các trường hợp ngoại lệ: so sánh hơn so sánh nhất good / well …………………………………………………………… bad / badly ……………………………………………….…………… many / much little far ………………………………………………….………… ………………………………………………….………… ………………………………………………… ………… A. Write the correct form of the adjectives or adverbs in brackets: Mary is (pretty) ……………………. as her sister. A new house is (expensive) ……………………. than an old one Nobody is (happy) ……………………. than Miss Snow Today English is the (international) ……………………. of languages John is much (strong) ……………………. than I thought Benches are (comfortable) ……………………. than arm chairs Bill is (good) ……………………. than you thought Mr. Bush is the (delightful) ……………………. person I have ever known Dick is the (careful) ……………………. of the three workers 10 Sam’s conduct is (bad) ……………………. than Paul’s B. Rewrite the following sentences, using the words given: She cooked better than you did. You didn’t …………………………………………………………………………… You didn’t speak less than I did. I didn’t ………………………………………………………………………………… No one in this class is as tall as Jimmy. Jimmy is …………………………………………………………………………… I can’t cook as well as my mother does. My mother can ……………………………………………………………………… Janet is the best tennis – player in the club. No one ……………………………………………………………………………… Apples are usually cheaper than oranges. Apples are …………………………………………………………………………… I know him better than you do. You don’t …………………………………………………………………………… Marie is certainly not so intelligent as her sister. Marie’s sister ……………………………………………………………………… I ran faster than Tom. Tom didn’t ………………………………………………………………………… 10 She can speak English better than I can. I can’t ……………………………………………………………………………… C. Complete the sentences, using the structure “COMPARATIVE + AND + COMPARATIVE”: This subject gets …………………………………. (hard) all the time I’m just getting …………………………………. (confused) It’s becoming …………………………………. (difficult) for me to keep up The textbook just gets …………………………………. (complicated) I spend …………………………………. (much) time on my work My list of things to do gets …………………………………. (long) My problem are just getting …………………………………. (bad) I feel happy as my happy is coming …………………………………. (close) Eating and traveling in this city is getting …………………………………. (expensive) 10 Your English is OK now, your pronunciation has got …………………………………. (good) D. Choose the best option: _ you study for these exams, _ you will do A. The harder / the better B. The more / the much C. The hardest / the best D. The more hard / the more good, My neighbor is driving me mad! It seems that _ it is at night, _ he plays his music! A. the less / the more loud B. the less / less C. the more late / the more loudlier D. the later / the louder Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become _ A. more and more good B. better arid better C. the more and more good D. gooder and gooder The Sears Tower is _ building in Chicago A. taller B. the more tall C. the tallest D. taller and taller Petrol is _ it used to A. twice as expensive as B. twice expensive more than C. twice more than expensive D. more expensive than twice Peter is _ John A. younger and more intelligent than B. more young and intelligent than C. more intelligent and younger than D. the more intelligent and younger than San Diego is _ town in Southern California A. more nice and nice B. the nicer C. the nicest D. nicer and nicer It gets _ when the winter is coming A. cold and cold B. the coldest and coldest C. colder and colder D. more and more cold Robert does not have _ Peter does A. money more than B. as many money as C. more money as D. as much money as 10 The Mekong Delta is _ deltas in Vietnam A. the largest of the two B. the more larger of the two C. one of the two largest D. one of the two larger 11 As she did so, her parents became _ A. the angriest B. the most angry C. the more angry D. angrier and angrier 12 People should eat and do to reduce the risk of heart disease A. less fat / more exercise B. less and less fat / the more exercise C. the less fat / the more exercise D. fatter / more exercise 13 He spent a year in India and loves spicy food. _ the food is, _ he likes it A. The hotter / the more and more B. The hotter / the more C. The more and more hot / the more D. The hottest / the most 14 Of course you can come to the party. _ A. The more the merrier B. The more and the merrier C. The more and merrier 15 I feel _ I did yesterday A. much more tired than C. as many tired as 16 She is _ a spectator A. more an athlete than C. an athlete more than D. The more and more merrier B. many more tired than D. as more tired as B. more of an athlete than D. an athlete of more than 17 His house is _ mine A. twice as big as B. as twice big as C. as two times big as D. as big as twice 18 live in Ho Chi Minh City than in the whole of the rest of the country A. As much as people B. More people C. As many as people D. People more 19 It gets _ to understand what the professor has explained A. the more difficult B. more difficult than C. difficult more and more D. more and more difficult 20 You must drive slower in built up areas. _ you drive in the city, it is _ that you will have an accident A. The faster and faster / the more B. The faster / the more probable C. The more and more fast / the more and more probable D. The more fastly / the probable 21 The party was _ I had expected A. more a hundred times fun than B. a hundred times fun more than C. a hundred times more fun than D. more fun than a hundred times 22 He finds physics _ other science subjects A. far more difficult than B. many more difficult than C. too much more difficult than D. more much difficult than 23 _ he drank, _ he became A. More / more violent B. The most / the most violent C. The more / the more violent D. The less / less violent 24 Mary was _ of the two sisters A. the clever B. as clever as C. the cleverer D. the cleverest 25 French is a _ language to learn than English is A. difficult B. more difficult C. most difficult D. more and more difficult 26 The cuisine of France is _ A. more famous than that of England B. famous than the cuisine of England C. more famous than which of England D. as famous than that of England 27 Earning money has always been the thing that pleases him most. _ he becomes, _ he is A. The more rich / the more happy B. The richest / the happiest C. The richer / the happier D. Richer and richer / happier and happier 28 The faster we finish, _ A. the sooner we can leave B. we can leave sooner and sooner C. the sooner can we leave D. we can leave the sooner 29 Of all athletes, Alex is _ A. the less qualified B. the less and less qualified C. the more and more qualified D. the least qualified 30 The climber was seventy miles in the wrong direction and got _ A. more panicked B. the more panicked C. more than panicked D. more and more panicked II. CONJUNCTIONS: so: ………………………………………………………………………………………… therefore: …………………………………………………………………………… but: ………………………………………………………………………………………… however: ………………………………………………………………………………… yet: ………………………………………………………………………………………… although: ………………………………………………………………………………… in spite of / despite: ……………………………………………………………………… not only … but also: ……………………………………………………………………… either … or: ……………………………………………………………………………… neither … nor: …………………………………………………………………………… both … and: ……………………………………………………………………………… moreover: ………………………………………………………………………………… otherwise: ………………………………………………………………………………… in addition: ………………………………………………………………………………… Choose the best option: I want to work as an interpreter in the future, , I am studying Russian at university. A. but B. so C. however D. therefore I am going shopping for food this evening I do not have to go at the weekend A. so B. but C. however D. moreover When she got the news from her family, she could not do anything cry A. but B. and C. so D. however Mrs. Lindon has that she is unable to get a job A. but not enough education B. so little education C. however little education D. such little education That small car, , is advertised in many current magazines A. so inexpensive and comfortable B. however inexpensive and comfortable C. inexpensive but comfortable D. and inexpensive but comfortable We live in the same building we have hardly seen each other A. and B. therefore C. but D. so I went to buy a Rolling Stones CD the shop didn't have it A. and B. but C. therefore D. so Anna needed some money, , she took a parttime job A. furthermore B. moreover C. however D. therefore Julie has a guitar she plays it really well A. and B. so C. but D. therefore 10 My fingers were injured my sister had to write the note for me A. and B. however C. so D. but 11 The concert was cancelled, we went to a nightclub instead A. so B. however C. so on D. but 12 Many people have law degrees, A. but some of them do not practice it B. however it is not practiced by all C. so some are not practicing law D. but not all of them practice law 13 This is an expensive very useful book. A. but B. so C. therefore D. however 14 long it takes, I will wait for you A. However B. But C. So D. Therefore 15 I must say that you have done very well. , you should be aware that you still have a lot of thing to learn A. Therefore B. So C. But D. However 16 that we stopped for a rest A. But we were tired B. So tired were we C. However we were tired D. Therefore, we were tired 17 He is only sixteen, and , he is not eligible to drive a car A. nevertheless B. but C. therefore D. however 18 Maria tried to read a novel in French the book was too difficult for her to understand A. so that B. therefore C. but D. and 19 To get from Vancouver to Victoria, you can fly, you can ride the ferry A. or B. but C. so D. however 20 I bought a bottle of wine we drank it together A. therefore B. so C. and D. but 21 The waiter was not very nice, , the food was delicious A. however B. but C. so D. and so 22 _ hard he worked, he could earn enough money to support the family A. But B. However C. Therefore D. Whatever 23 He told me not to do it; , I did it A. Therefore B. So C. But D. However 24 We have not yet won; , we will keep trying A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. so as 25 I am afraid that the company is in deep trouble. , we are going to make some people redundant A. Therefore B. However C. But D. And 26 I wanted to give him some money after he helped me with the car he absolutely refused to accept it A. so B. but C. therefore D. and so 27 Everyone is ready for the discussion, him A. however B. but C. so D. therefore 28 she could not say anything A. So upset was she that B. So upset was she C. However upset was she that D. Therefore upset was she that 29 Do it A. so do you want B. but as you want C. however you want D. therefore you want 30 you prepare for the exam, there will still be a few questions on which you won't be sure of the answer A. So much as B. Much but C. However much D. So much 31 The first part of the test was easy; the second, , took hours A. therefore B. but C. so D. however 32 , I cannot keep pace with Johnny A. So I have tried hard B. I have tried hard so C However hard have I tried D. However hard I have tried 33 He has done nothing to prepare for the final examination, played A. but B. so C. therefore D. and 34 You could fly via Vienna; , it is not the only way A. so B. however C. but D. therefore 35 I didn’t have an umbrella, .I got wet A. although B. however C. so D. but 36 The water was cold, they went swimming anyway A. so B. but C. because D. therefore 37 The shrimp was only 2 dollars a kilo this week, she bought three kilos A. therefore B. so C. yet D. however 38 He didn’t attend the lesson. , he couldn’t do his homework A. Therefore B. So C. Yet D. However 39 Anna needed some money; , she took a parttime job A. furthermore B. however C. but D. therefore 40 The roads were snowy, there were a lot of accidents A. so B. but C. however D. because 41 the hard work, they enjoyed themselves A. Despite B. In spite C. However D. Although 42 You should always study hard you may encounter difficulties A. because B. because of C. although D. despite 43. He never works he gains all the prizes A. furthermore B. but C. whereas D. accordingly 44. You must leave at once, you miss the train A. however B. yet C. still D. otherwise 45. He had to take the photos of the places he visited he was asked to write a report of his journey A. in addition B. because C. however D. and 46. I wanted to go, he wanted to stay A. and B. but C. or D. so 47. She’s not only beautiful intelligent A. but also B. but C, however D. yet 48. You can come here either on Monday on Friday A. or B. nor C. both D. and 49. They said both he I were to come A. and B. but C. or D. so 50. Jane is beautiful and intelligent; , she’s very kind A. moreover B. however C. but D. on the other hand III. MODAL VERBS: Needn’t: …………………………………………………………………………………… May / might: ………………………………………………………………………………… Must: ………………………………………………………………………………………… Mustn’t: ……………………………………………………………………………………… Can: ………………………………………………………………………………………… Could: ……………………………………………………………………………………… 10 XIII. TAG QUESTIONS: * Câu hỏi đi gồm có 2 phần: phần câu nói và phần đi. Phần câu nói và phần đi ln ở dạng đối He is a student, isn’t he? They can’t swim, can they? * Trong phần đi động từ là động từ đặc biệt hoặc trợ động từ và ln ở dạng rút gọn He’ll go to college, ? They play tennis, ? She loves romantic books, ? He studied French, ? * Trong phần đi chủ ngữ thường là các đại từ nhân xưng (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) 1. Chủ ngữ trong phần câu nói là danh từ: Mary is studying English, ? The Smiths will buy a new car, ? 2. Chủ ngữ trong phần câu nói là THERE: There is a new park, ? There used to be a big tree in front of the house, ? 3. Chủ ngữ trong phần câu nói là THIS / THAT: This is her bag, ? That is a piece of chalk, ? 4. Chủ ngữ trong phần câu nói là THESE / THOSE: These are new items, ? Those were our books, ? 5. Chủ ngữ trong phần câu nói là NO ONE, SOMEONE, EVERYONE, ANYONE, NOBODY, SOMEBODY, EVERYBODY, ANYBODY: Everyone is ready, ? Someone is in front of the door, ? 6. Chủ ngữ trong phần câu nói là NOTHING, EVERYTHING, ANYTHING, SOMETHING: Everything is ready, ? Something is done, ? * Một số dạng đặc biệt: 1. Bắt đầu câu nói là I am: I’m late, ? 2. Câu nói là câu mệnh lệnh: Don’t be late, ? Open the door, ? 3. Bắt đầu câu nói là Let’s Let’s go for a swim this afternoon, ? 4. Trong phần câu nói có các từ phủ định: NEVER, SELDOM, RARELY, HARDLY: He never wrote to her, ? They hardly work hard, ? Exercise: Complete the questions by adding the tag questions. Bill hasn’t got a car, ? There weren’t any mosquitoes, ? 56 The fire wasn’t started deliberately, ? George hadn’t been there before, ? You take sugar in tea, ? You don’t take it in coffee, ? The lift isn’t working today, ? It never works very well, ? There was no panic, ? 10 Mary hardly ever cooks, ? 11 She’d save money if she bought fresh food, ? 12 Neither of them offered to help you, ? 13 He hardly ever leaves the house, ? 14 Nothing went wrong, ? 15 It is a pity Ann didn’t come with us, ? 16 There used to be trees here, ? 17 There isn’t any point in waiting, ? 18 He’ll hardly come now, ? 19 They should have planned the expedition more carefully, ? 20 He ought to have made a note of it, ? 21 Nobody has lived in the house for years, ? 22 There was a lot of noise, ? 23 Lions are loose in this safari park, ? 24 Mary will be here soon, ? 25 We don’t have to pay, ? 26 Jonah should pass the exam, ? 27 Mary won’t be late, ? 28 You haven’t got a car, ? 29 It’s a nice day, ? 30 Tim doesn’t look well, ? 31 She has beautiful eyes, ? 32 You haven’t seen Mary today, ? 33 Let’s go for a walk, ? 34 Open the door, ? 35 I’m lucky, ? 36 Don’t talk, ? 37 The children can dance, ? 38 You don’t really want to go out with me any more, ? 39 You get plenty of time to yourself, ? 40 I’ve told you enough times, ? XIV. CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF PURPOSE: ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 57 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… A. Rewrite the following sentences, using phrases of purpose: You should call Mr. Bean so that you can get the information ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Leave early so that you may get home before dark ……………………………………………………………………………………………… This man changed his address constantly in order that the police couldn’t find him ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I shouted so that I could warn everyone of danger ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Banks are developed so that they can keep people’s money safe ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Mary went to the library so that she could borrow some books ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Mary locked the door in order that she wouldn’t be disturbed ……………………………………………………………………………………………… You should walk slowly so that your sister can follow you ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Yesterday, my father went out to the bank so that he would open a checking account ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 I went to see him so that I could find out what had happened ……………………………………………………………………………………………… B. Rewrite the following sentences, using clauses of purpose: I took off my shoes so as not to make any noise ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I telephoned him in order to invite him to a party ……………………………………………………………………………………………… My mother wore warm clothes so as not to get cold ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Nick hurried in order not to be late ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Please shut the door in order for the dog not to go out of the house ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The robber changed his address all the time in order for the police not to find him ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The man spoke slowly in order for everyone to hear him clearly ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I’m studying hard to keep pace with my classmate ……………………………………………………………………………………………… We should do morning exercises regularly to improve our health ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 The clown took off his mask so as not to frighten the children ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 58 XV. CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF RESULT: ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise: Rewrite the following sentences, using the words given: We went to bed early because we were very tired. We were so …………………………………………………………………………… The weather was very cold. We couldn’t go out. The weather was too …………………………………………………………………… The film was so interesting that we couldn’t miss it. Is was such ……………………………………………………………………………… David has too many girlfriends. He can’t remember all of their names. David has so …………………………………………………………………………… Tom drives too fast, so he often causes accidents. Tom drives so …………………………………………………………………………… John was very angry. He couldn’t say anything. John was too …………………………………………………………………………… These exercises are so long that I can’t finish them in an hour. They are such …………………………………………………………………………… It was such long homework that I couldn’t finish it. The homework was so ………………………………………………………………… Tom is too young to go to the cinema by himself. Tom isn’t old ………………………………………………………………………… 10 I live far from school, so I can’t walk there. I live too ……………………………………………………………………………… 11 The shelf is too high for the boy to reach. The shelf isn’t ………………………………………………………………………… 12 This pen is too expensive for me to buy. This pen isn’t ………………………………………………………………………… 13 That house is not big enough to live in. That house is too ……………………………………………………………………… 14 It was such an excellent show that we all enjoyed it. The show is …………………………………………………………………………… 15 We had to find a shelter because the rain was very heavy. The rain was so ………………………………………………………………………… XVI. CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF REASON: ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 59 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… A. Fill in the blanks with BECAUSE or BECAUSE OF: I left school ……………… my hard life that time The train was late ……………… the fog was thick The train was late ……………… the thick fog She likes him ……………… he is kind They’ll leave early ……………… the distance is very long The pupils understood that problem very well ……………… he explained it clearly I can’t sleep ……………… the hot weather He came late ……………… the heavy rain I moved to the front now ……………… I couldn’t hear the speaker 10 All of them were late for class ……………… the heavy traffic 11 It was difficult to deliver the letter ……………… the sender had written the wrong address on the envelop 12 We decided to leave early ……………… the party was boring 13 Paul may not go to the football game ……………… his grades 14 She was tired ……………… her long walk 15 We couldn’t go to the cinema ……………… the heavy rain B. Rewrite the following sentences, using BECAUSE: We respected Mr. Lung because of his honesty ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I catch a cold now because of going out in the rain yesterday ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Our guests arrived late because of the bad weather ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Because of my friend’s absence, I have to copy the lesson for him ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. He’ll never success because of his impatience ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. Because of driving too fast, he caused a serious accident ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. He is dismissed because of being often late for work ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I was late because of the rain ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The children cannot see the film because of their horror ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 I am tired now because of staying up late last night ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 60 C. Rewrite the following sentences, using BECAUSE OF: Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick ……………………………………………………………………………………………… She went to bed early because she felt tired ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Ann didn’t go to the circus because she had a bad cold ……………………………………………………………………………………………… He came late because it rained heavily ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I can’t sleep because the weather is hot ……………………………………………………………………………………………… We couldn’t go out because the weather was bad ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Because the husbands were absent, women went to work in factory ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The train was late because it was foggy ……………………………………………………………………………………………… These students arrived late because they had an accident ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Nick if often punished because he is lazy ……………………………………………………………………………………………… XVII. CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION: ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… A. Complete the sentences by using although or in spite of: 1. Ann was a good student, she didn’t receive scholarship 2. the hot weather, she doesn’t turn the fan on 3. She was admitted to the university her low grades 4. Jack went to class she wasn’t feeling well 5. the hard work, they enjoyed themselves 6. He is unhappy he has a vast fortune 7. the terrible food, he still eats in that restaurant 8. She still trusts him he has lied to her 9. I arrived late taking a taxi 10. She looks unhappy getting good points 11. he is very rich, he isn’t happy 12. He is determined to study well his hard life 13. I went to school on time it rained heavily 61 14. the cold weather, he didn’t wear warm clothes 15. You should always study hard you may encounter difficulties B. Change clauses of concession to phrases: She didn’t eat much although she was hungry ……………………………………………………………………………………………… He couldn’t solve the problem although he was good at Maths ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Although it got dark, they continued to work ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Although it was noisy, I kept on studying ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Although he is strong, I’m not afraid of him ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Though Mary was sad, she managed to smile ……………………………………………………………………………………………… He didn’t stop his car though the traffic lights turned red ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Although the streets are narrow, many people drive cars in this city ……………………………………………………………………………………………… He studied very well although his life was hard ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Although he was very tired, he didn’t go to sleep ……………………………………………………………………………………………… C. Change phrases of concession to clauses: The plane took off in spite of the bad weather ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Mr. Pike doesn’t wear glasses despite his old age ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Despite being on diet, he ate chocolate cake ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The old man told interesting stories to the children in spite of her poor memory ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Despite my tiredness, I couldn’t sleep ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The flight was not delayed in spite of the fog ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Mary will take a plane despite disliking flying ……………………………………………………………………………………………… In spite his hard life at that time, he studied very well ……………………………………………………………………………………………… They went out in spite of the heavy rain ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 He ate all the fruits despite their greenness ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 62 XVIII. EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY: ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise: Choose the best option: He spent _ his spare time learning French. (most / most of / lot of / many) The public transport is bad, so _ people have a bike. (most / much / any / most of) They make _ mistakes in their spelling. (a large number of / a great deal of / little / much) There is _ time to do the task assigned. (a great deal of / much of / many of / a) There weren’t _ people I had seen before. (many / much / a lot / little) It cost me _ money to buy it. (many / a large amount of / a few / a lot) Hurry up! We’ve got _ time left. (few / little / any / much) I last saw him _ days ago. (a little / a few / any / little) They knew _ about him but they said they didn’t. (much / many / a lot of / few) 10 Would you try _ champagne? (much / many / few / a) 11 Did _ of you see that stranger? (much / many / few / little) 12 Well, _ mistakes have been found in his task. (a large number of / a great deal of / much / any) 13 Did he give _ thought to his future job? (many / a great deal of / some / a lot) 14 He talks so _. (much / many / few / any) 15 Why did he make too _ noise? (much / many / little) 16 He has read _ interesting book. (a / an / some / many) 17 He doesn’t speak _ English. (much / some / a lot / many) 18 I don’t think she would be a good teacher because she has _ patience with children. (a large amount of / a few / a little / little) XIX. NOUN CLAUSES: ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 63 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… A. Fill in the blank with appropriate words: you pass your exam or not depends largely on yourself I can’t guess she’ll agree or not his wife died is still a secret I wonder I can repair this machine career you choose is an important problem I’m afraid you didn’t understand me He wanted to know I have lived here I ask the girl she is I don’t know rang me last night 10 He refused to do I asked him 11 he’ll return is not sure 12 I don’t know she is living now 13 I went last night does not concern you 14 Do you understand I’ve said? 15 I didn’t understand you did such a silly thing B. Complete the following sentences, using “Noun Clauses: Mary wonders why ………………………………………………………………… … I don’t why ……………………………………………………………………….….… He told me that …………………………………………………………….…… ….… 64 She asked me how …………………………………………………………… …….… Tom said that …………………………………………………………………… …… She asked him where …………………………………………………………………… I believe that …………………………………………………………………………… They have thought that ………………………………………………………… ……… People say that ………………………………………………………………………… 10 He knows that ……… ……………………………………………………………….… XX. SOME STRUCTURES: ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… A. Rewrite the following sentences, using “IT TAKES / TOOK / WILL TAKE…”: I walked to the station in twenty minutes ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The plan will fly to Hanoi in two hours ……………………………………………………………………………………………… She wrote this letter in thirty minutes ……………………………………………………………………………………………… My mother prepared the meal all morning ……………………………………………………………………………………………… They spend one year learning to speak English well ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Mr. Brown spent five hours writing the report ……………………………………………………………………………………………… We study this book in six months ……………………………………………………………………………………………… She typed the letter in 20 minutes ……………………………………………………………………………………………… They built a new house in five years ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 She found the bill in several seconds ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… B. Rewrite the following sentences, using “IT” as an subject: To get him to change his mind is not easy ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 65 To understand what she’s talking about is difficult ……………………………………………………………………………………………… To live on your salary must be hard ……………………………………………………………………………………………… To see different cultures and ways of life is interesting ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Walking alone at night in that part of the city is dangerous ……………………………………………………………………………………………… They find that working in this factory is boring ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Talking about the life of a single person is not interesting ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Finding a flat isn’t easy ……………………………………………………………………………………………… To have you at my party is happy ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 To learn a foreign language in a week is impossible ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… C. Rewrite the following sentences, using “IT” as an object: To translate into Vietnamese is a good method ……………………………………………………………………………………………… To be there on time is important ……………………………………………………………………………………………… It is difficult to answer this question ……………………………………………………………………………………………… It is difficult to please other people ……………………………………………………………………………………………… It is quite impossible to manage to know what people are thinking ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Many people believe that doing the same work every day is boring ……………………………………………………………………………………………… We feel that coming to class late is quite annoying ……………………………………………………………………………………………… To advertise is a waste of money ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Walking alone at night in that part of the city is dangerous ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 It isn’t interesting to talk about the life of a single person ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 66 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… D. Rewrite the following sentences, using “IT’S + TIME + SINCE …”: I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for years ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The telephone rang for hours ……………………………………………………………………………………………… John has not had his hair cut for over 6 months ……………………………………………………………………………………………… They haven’t stayed in a hotel for years ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I last saw her five years ago ……………………………………………………………………………………………… “The Times” was first printed two hundred years ago ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I haven’t eaten this kind of food for 2 years ……………………………………………………………………………………………… He started to learn English eight years ago ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I haven’t laughed so much for ages ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 My aunt Jennifer had never been so much healthy for months ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… E. Rewrite the following sentences, using “THIS IS THE FIRST TIME …”: I have never read this book before ……………………………………………………………………………………………… My father hasn’t driven a car before ……………………………………………………………………………………………… She hasn’t drunk Coca Cola before ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I’ve never met such a famous singer before ……………………………………………………………………………………………… He’s never tasted pheasant before ……………………………………………………………………………………………… She hasn’t seen that boy here before 67 ……………………………………………………………………………………………… My grandfather hasn’t been in hospital before ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I have never eaten this kind of food before ……………………………………………………………………………………………… They haven’t traveled to such a beautiful sight before ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Tom has never run such a long distance before ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… G. Rewrite the following sentences, using “THE LAST TIME …”: I haven’t seen him since August ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I haven’t played football since 1970 ……………………………………………………………………………………………… We haven’t bought a new bag for two weeks ……………………………………………………………………………………………… It hasn’t rained for a fortnight ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Lucy hasn’t worn that dress since Barbara’s wedding ……………………………………………………………………………………………… My friend hasn’t heard from him since July ……………………………………………………………………………………………… My father hasn’t traveled to Vungtau for 2 years ……………………………………………………………………………………………… They haven’t met Peter since September ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Mary hasn’t played tennis since 1990 ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 She hasn’t written to us since last year ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… H. Rewrite the following sentences, using “S + HAVE / HAS + V3 / ED …”: Tom began playing the piano 4 years ago ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I started cooking for the party 4 hours ago 68 ……………………………………………………………………………………………… She started working as a secretary 4 years ago ……………………………………………………………………………………………… My sister began to studying English a year ago ……………………………………………………………………………………………… My father is reading a newspaper. He started 2 hours ago ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Jim began writing a letter to Ann an hour ago ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Maria started typing the report about the earthquake three hours ago ……………………………………………………………………………………………… They are practicing driving the car. They started thirty minutes ago ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… I. Rewrite the following sentences, using INVERSION: 1. She’ll hardly ever read the editorials ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. I rarely buy any other papers ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. He never buys a paper without reading the whole thing ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. We seldom had enough time to read ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. They never bought that magazine ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. He was never able to give a speech ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. I had no sooner got home than my friend came ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. He not only spent all his money but he also borrowed some from me ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. She no longer wastes time chattering with her friends ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. The lost boy could be found nowhere ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 69 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… J. Rewrite the following sentences, using OMISSION OF “IF”: 1. If I had known she was sick, I would have visited her ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. If anyone should call, would you please take a message? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. If I were your father, I would insist you do better work ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. None of these problems would have occurred if everyone had arrived on time ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. I’ll mail your package in the morning if the post office closes before I get there ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. I would start giving her driving lessons if she were just a little older ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. If I hadn’t opened the door when I worked, I wouldn’t have seen you walk by ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. If you change your mind, please let me know immediately ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. If I asked you, would you help me? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. If it weren’t for your help, I would still be homeless ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 70 ... shut sing sink sit sleep smell speak speed spell send 29 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 spoil spread spring stand steal stick... After he (graduate) from university, he joined the army ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC THÔNG DỤNG IRREGULAR VERBS 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Vo arise awake be bear beat become begin bend bind bite bleed... in his class this semester SỰ PHỐI HỢP THÌ TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỜI GIAN (SEQUENCE OF TENSES IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian thường được bắt đầu với các liên từ sau: