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Bài viết trình bày khái quát về huyện Chiêm Hóa tỉnh Tuyên Quang; tình hình ruộng đất của Chiêm Hóa qua địa bạ Gia Long 4. Để nắm chi tiết nội dung nghiên cứu mời các bạn cùng tham khảo bài viết.
»' TINH HINH RUONG DAT HUYEN CHIEM HOA, TUYEN QUANG QUA TIT UEU DjA BA GIA LONG (1805) DAM THI UYfeN' NGUYfiN THIHA" I KHAI QUAT VE HUYEN HOA, TINH TUYEN QUANG CHIEM Chiem Hoa la mgt huyen vung cao ciia tinh Tuyen Quang, tinh mien nui phia Bae Viet Nam Chiem Hda phia Bic giap huyen Na Hang; phia Nam giap huyen Yen Sdn; phia Ddng giap huyen chd Ddn (Bie Can); phia Tay giap huyen Ham Yen va huyen Bae Quang (Ha Giang), huyen ly dat tai Thi tra'n Vinh Ldc, each tinh ly Tuyen Quang 67 km ve phia Bie Tinh tQ eac diem tan cung theo hudng Bae - Nam, Ddng - Tay, chieu rdng eiia huyen la 75km, chieu dai la 120km Theo dia ba Gia Long nam thQ thi, "Chau Chiem Hoa, each phu 106 dam ve phia Nam, Ddng Tay each 73 dam, Nam Bae each 139'dam, phia Ddng de'n dia gidi ehau Bach Thdng tinh Thai Nguyen 22 dam, phia Tay de'n dia gidi huyen Vi Xuyen 51 dam, phia Nam de'n dia gidi huyen Vinh Dien 65 dam Ddi Dinh, Le la chau Vi Long; thdi thudc Minh la chau Dai Man, tho tu hg Ma nd'i ddi quan tri" (1) Trong tie'n trinh lich sQ dan tgc, Chiem Hda da nhieu l i n thay ten ggi va dia gidi hanh ehinh Thdi Dinh, tien Le, Ly, huyen Chiem Hda dUde ggi la chau Vi Ldng Thdi • PGS.TS Dai hoc Su pham Thai Nguyen " Dai hoc Su pham Thai Nguyen thuge Minh, thudc Chau Tuyen Hda vdi ten ggi Dai Man (tQc huyen cd nhieu dan tdc it ngUdi) Nam 1931, huyen dQdc dd'i t h a n h ehau Chiem Hda bao gom ca Na Hang vdi td'ng dien ti'ch huyen la 2.427 km'', de'n 1943 ehau Chiem Hda dUdc chia huyen Chiem Hda va Na Hang Trong cugc van ddng Caeh mang thang Tam nam 1945 sau k h i dUdc giai phdng (4/1945) Chiem Hoa dQdc ggi la Chau Khanh Thien va bao gdm ca mdt sd vung cua Ham Yen, Yen Sdn D i u n a m 1946, huyen Chiem Hda qui ve dia gidi h a n h chinh cu Qua nhieu l i n thay ddi, tdi Chiem Hda cd 28 xa va mdt thi tra'n Dd'i vdi cae vung rQng nui, bien vien ndi ehung, cae trieu dai quan chii Viet Nam thudng diia vao eac thd tu dia phUdng de cai quan Trong dd chinh sach "nhu vien", tQc la thuc hien phong chQc tQdc, rang huge hdn n h a n bang each ga cdng chua cho eac tu trudng dia phUdng n h a m ldi kdo, tranh thu, rang huge hg vdi trieu dinh O nhQng tinh mien nui phia Bic nhU Cao Bang, Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang (trong Tinh hinh ruong dat huyen Chiem Ijda 31 Cac tu trudng, thu linh, thd' ty ma theo tie'ng Quing Mir^g Tay ggi la Quang (hay Quing, Quang), dUde '' Thii dich, nha djch, h^g trieu dinh giao ca, biSn dich cho eai quan mdt khu viic nha't o dinh, dUde phong c Cai xa, Xa khdn chQc tude, trd p quan chQc / "' cua trieu dinh, ThOn trucmg dUdc quyen eai / quan vung dd va / '' dUde cha truyen ^fhan dan ^ nd'i d Chiem Hda (Tuyen dd cd huyen Chiem Hda) the iQc va anh Quang) ddng hg Ma Doan nd'i ddi lam hudng eiia thd' tu dia phUdng ra't ldn Quing vung nhan dan Theo sQ sach va mdt so' truyen DQng d i u toan mudng la Quing Mudng: ke cua ddng bao dan tgc Tay d Viet Bae Dudc trieu dinh phong chQc tudc, cai quan cho biet: dudi thdi h a u Le, nhan dan Tay d mdt vQng mUdng tUdng dUdng mdt td'ng cac vung bien gidi thudng nd'i day ehd'ng hoae mdt xa, nam mgi quyen hanh tdi cao lai trieu dinh phong kien trung Udng De vung vd ve ldi keo eac vung dan tdc nay, nha Le da phong tude "Hiu" cho ddng hg thd' ty Quang hg la ngudi cung hg vdi Quang cd the liic d mdt sd' vung Tay Viet Bic, moi Mudng, dUdc phan chia cai quan mdt vung phien t h i n dugc phong cho eai quan mdt nao dd mUdng dudi quyen ciia Quang Mudng vung da't nha't dinh: Mo then Sa to chiic h a n h chinh cila Quang dl Chiem Hda (nita dau the ky XIX) i Ng Ndng d Bao Lae (Cao Bang) cd the lUe ldn nha't Hg Nguyin d Ddng Van (Ha Giang) Hg Hoang d Tu Long (Giap huyen Hoang Su Phi - Ha Giang) Hg Vi S Ldc Binh (Lang Sdn) Hg Ma Ddan d Chiem Hda (Tuyen Quang) Hg Dinh, Ly d Bfic Kan, Lang Sdn (2) Giup viec cho quang Mudng la bd phan chQc dieh: - Thu dieh va nha dieh: Phu trach mgi cdng vigc chung cho Quing Mudng - Bien dieh: Chay gia'y cho Quang va cho thii dich, nha dich - Hang ed: Huy ddng dan cdng cac xa di phue dieh cho Quang - Cai xa: Phu trach edng viec ehung cua mdt xa 32 - Xa khan: Phu trach huy ddng nhan lue di phuc dieh cho Quang mgt xa - Thdn trudng: Phu trach cdng viee ciia mdt thdn khoang tQ 10 de'n 15 nha Ve quan ddi: Chi huy quan sii cao nha't toan Mudng la Thudc xua't; Phu trach quan sii mgt xa la Tuy Hien; phu trach quan sii mgt thdn la Cai Vach (3) Ddi sd'ng tam linh mudng dUdc tri bdi cac mo then DQng d i u la "mo td' chuyen cung bai td' tien cho nha Q u i n g vao 19-9 (Am lich) va Tet Nguyen Dan hang nam Ndi dung cung bai ca ngdi cdng lao eua Ma Doan Man (dng td d i u tien eua ddng hg Quang Ma Doan), Ma Doan Dao da dude t h i n t h a n h hda ThQ de'n mo mUdng chuyen lo cung bai cho toan Mudng Dudi mo tan, nghe, chiu, dom nau chuyen phu trach dam ma cho nha Quang Ngoai edn cd cac "then" chuyen di cung bai tim ma de chQa benh cho Q u i n g va nhan dan Trong qua trinh ton tai, tac ddng ciia nhieu nhan to' chinh tri, kinh te, xa hdi cua da't nude eung n h u ciia dia phUdng nhU che dp chuyen che trung Udng tap quyen cang ciing cd' va phat trien Giao luu kinh te, van hoa giQa cae vung mien, dan tgc dUdc d i y manh, nen che Thd' ty - Quang cang suy ye'u Den d i u the ki XIX, nha Nguyen da cho lap so' dia ba, xac nhan quyen tu hQu rugng da't cho ndng dan cung nhu cac t i n g Idp thd'ng tri Va eung vdi viec thiie hien ehinh sach "Cai thd' quy lUu", thi ve mat phap ly da cha'm dQt su tdn tai cua che thd' tu d mien niii lich sii che phong kien Vigt Nam Tuy nhien, d mdt sd' dia phUdng nhU: Bao Lac (Cao Bing), Ddng Van (Ha Giang) va vung Rghien cuu tich sit s6 9.2009 Chiem Hoa (Tuyen Quang) the lUc ciia cac thd tu van cdn dUdc tri cho den d i u the ki XX, tham ehi che cdn kdo dai de'n tan nhQng nam sau Cach mang thang Tam 1945 II T I N H HINH R U O N G DAT CUA C H I E M H O A QUA D I A BA GIA LONG (1805) TrUde the ki XIX, Chiem Hda eung gid'ng nhieu ndi nhU: Bao Lac (Cao Bang), Ddng Van (Ha Giang) cac tu trudng, thii linh, thd ty (Quing) cd cdng d i n d i t ddng tdc, khai hoang lap mudng ban, nen dUdc nhan dan Tay tdn Quang (Thd' ty) la ngUdi "eai quan xdm lang" (can chdng nam cam mudng), hoae "nQdc can khdng bd thuyen, chay hd' khdng bd tho ty" (Nam bd'e bau ta IQa, ni thQa ba'u ta quing) Ne'u khdng ed Quang cai quan lang xdm thi lam an gap nhieu khd khan: "Mudng bau mi quang het chin khd Rudn ba'u thd chd het chin khdm" (Mudng khdng ed thd ty lam an khd Nha khdng thd to tien lam an ding) (5) Rugng da't cdng vung, tren danh nghia thudc quyen sd hQu cua nha nUdc nhUng tren thiic te so rugng da't h i u het deu Quang quan ly Quang la chua dat, la ngudi dai di?n ban, mudng, eai quan xdm lang va dugc trieu dinh edng nhan la ngUdi n i m quyen sd hQu td'i cac ve rugng nudng, rQng nui, sdng sudi va eac nguon tai nguyen khac vung; phan phoi rugng dat cho eac chQc dich, phuc dieh, cho ndng dan va thu td thue, ngoai ngudi dan cdn phai lam nghia vu: cd'ng cae san vat quy hiem, lao dieh Tinh hinh ru6ng dat it huyen Chiem T}6a 33 Bang 1: Thong ke dif n tich ruong dat d Chiem Hoa TT Tong so ruong da't Dia danh I Mau (m) Tong Tho Hoang Sao (s) Thuclc (th) Dien tich ruong Tac (t) t\i (m.s.th.t) 3171 3171.6.3.7 275.1.12.5 1 Khue Phu 275 12 2 Tho Hoing 326 326.4.1.9 3 259 259.2.6.3 4 Vinh Gia 340 340.2.3.5 5 ViSdn 630 11 630.7.11.5 6 Binh Long 75 10 75.7.10.9 7 Ha Lildng 263 14 263.8.14.5 8 Than Xa 312 312.5.1.9 9 Xuan Quag 108 10 Gia Thu&n 124 13 454.0.1.5 1138.2.6.2 Xuan Huang 10 Mien DUdng 454 Tong Con Lon , 1138 12 11 393 13 12 Con Lon 327 13 14 13 Yen Vien 228 15 14 Thuong Nong 188 13 11 II D4Vi 108.7.0.5 124.8.13.7 393.1.9.1 327.8.13.0 228.4.1.1 188.7.13.0 Tong Vinh Ninh 936 11 935.1.11.5 16 15 Khuon H4 439 439.6.8.4 17 16 _Kim Tuong 259 259.8.2.9 18 17 Khanh Ninh 235 Tong Co Linh 880 13 III IV 235.7.0.2 880.2.13.9 116.6.1.3 19 18 Ninh DUdng 116 20 19 Dai Man 137 137.9.1.8 21 20 Tilng Hien 101 12 101.3.12.1 22 21 Kim DM 199 199.0.3.8 23 22 Kim Ma 190 10 190.1.10.3 24 23 45 45.1.8.5 90.0.6.1 6125.3.5.3 Dili Xa 25 24 Au Lang 90 Tong so 25 125 Nguon: Bia bg Gia Long ndm thd (1805) Rghien cuu Lich sit s6 9.2009 34 Rugng da't d Chiem Hoa diidc chia lam nhieu loai: rugng ciia Quang, rugng ciia chQc dieh, rugng ciia phuc dieh, rugng thii ha, rugng Mo, Nghe, Chau Trong dd rugng da't tdt nha't viing ddng hg Q u i n g va cd d h i u het cac xa "Na cai na mudng Thdm Ludng thdm Quang" (Rugng to rugng cua mUdng/ Ao to ao eiia Quang) "Na eai na mUdng Na ludng na Quang" (Rugng to rugng ciia mudng/ Rugng ldn rugng cua Quang) Rugng da't chia cho cae chQc dich, phuc dich, chia cho dan theo nguyen t i c : "Chin na pa viec" (an rugng phai lam viee) NhQ; ngUdi di mua t r a u de md' trau te' t h i n ggi la "hg khien ngUu"; ngudi chuyen md trau ggi la "hg pogng"; ngudi nop ca de eung dUde nhan "rugng ea" (Na pia) nhQng ngUdi nao nhan phan rugng dd thi dUde truyen lai lam viee dd Tuy nhien, sd' rugng khdng dUdc dem lam eiia cai ke' thQa, nghia la ehi dude canh tac edn lam viee cu the nao dd cho Q u i n g ma thdi (6) Chiem Hda ed tdng va 25 xa, tinh hinh rugng da't dUdc phan anh dia ba Gia Long (1805), ve ed ban gdm nhQng ndi dung chu ye'u sau: Chiem Hod chi cd tU dien (chiem 100% td'ng dien tich ca huyen), khdng cd tU thd', edng thd' Trong dd chi cd 24,4% la rugng thiie trUng va toan la loai ba, khdng cd loai nha't va nhi Td'ng cd nhieu rugng tU nha't la Thd' Hoang (hdn 3.171 miu), it nhat la td'ng Cd' Linh (hdn 880 m i u ) Xa cd rugng tu nhieu n h a t la Vi Sdn, td'ng Thd' Hoang (630 m l u ) , it nha't la xa Dai Xa, td'ng Cd' Linh (hdn 45 m i u ) Dieu dd cho tha'y, theo dac diem dia ly ma sd' rugng tQ phan bd' cac xa ndi rieng, cae tdng ndi chung ciia huyen Chiem Hda la khdng deu nhau, t h a m chi edn cd chenh lenh ldn nhu thd'ng ke d bang So'rugng lUu hoang ldn Trong td'ng sd 6125.3.5.3 thi rugng thiic trung ehi ed 1494.3.11.3 (24,4%), rugng iQu hoang chiem tdi 4630.9.9.0, chiem 75,6% Trong dd phan luu hoang deu la dien chQ khdng cd thd' Dac biet la xa Dai Xa ed dien tich rugng da't la 45.1.8.5 nhUng hoan toan bd hoang (12) Vi ed tinh trang nay, cd le dac diem dia ly d Chiem Hda da sd' la rugng bae thang va khan hiem nUdc Cac cgn nudc d i n nude h i u nhU khdng dii kha nang eung cap cho rugng dong Ngudn nUde chii yeu phu thudc vao thien nhien nen d B a n g 2: Dien tich cac loai r u g n g d a t ciia C h i e m Hda Stt Dien tich (m.s.th.t) Ty le % ThUc TrUng Loai r u d n g 1494.3.11.3 24,4 % - Tu dien 1494.3.11.3 24,4 % Luu hoang 4630.9.9.0 75,6 % - Tu dien 4630.9.9.0 75,6 % Tong cong 6125.3.5.3 100% Ngudn: Dia bg Gia Long ndm thii (1805) Tmh hinh ruflng dat huyen Chiem I^da Bang 3: Tinh hinh sol hiiu ruong da't Quy mo sd hiiu So' chu Dien tich sil htifu (m.s.th.t) 35 Ty le % < mau ( 0,7%) 0.9.0.0 1-5 m i u 16(11,2%) 52.0.0.0 3,5% 5-10 mlu 49 (34,3%) 396.1.14.4 26,5% 63,9% 0,1 % 10-20 m i u 74 (51,7 %) 955.0.7.4 20-30 mSu 2,1 %) 90.2.4.5 6% Tong cong 143 = 100% 1494.3.11.3 100% Nguon: Dia bg Gia Long ndm thd (1805) Chiem Hoa tinh trang da't lUu hoang ra't bie'n va vdi sd'lUdng rat ldn (Xem bang 2) Ve quy mo sd hiCu: Sd' rudng dat tU hQu tren thuge ve 143 chii Trong dd, 17 chu cd mQc sd hQu rudng dudi mau, chiem 3,6% tdng dien tich rudng eiia Chiem Hoa (25 xa), va 11,9% td'ng sdchii (7) 74 chii cd mQc sd hQu tQ 10 - 20 mau, chiem 51,7% tdng sd' ehu va 63,9% to'ng dien tich rudng ciia Chiem Hoa (8) Cd ehii cd mQc sd hQu tQ 20 - 30 miu, chiem 2,1% tdng sd' ehu va chiem 6% tdng dien tich huyen Chiem Hda (9) Chu ed mQc sd hQu cao nhat huyen la: 25 mau va tha'p nha't chi cd (10) Sd hQu binh quan mdt chu d Chiem Hoa: 10.7.4.7; xa cd mQc sd hQu binh quan cao nha't la xa Kim TUdng (16.9.8.0); tha'p nhat la xa Khanh Ninh (1.2.4.0), day cung la xa ed dien tich rudng da't it nha't (11) Ngoai ra, td'ng sd' 143 chii sd hQu thi khdng cd ehu sd hQu nao la nQ va cung khdng cd chii phu canh ( ) Chung ta ed the tha'y dUde mQc dd sd hQu ciia cae ehii va binh quan sd hQu mgt chu qua bang va 4 Sd hUu rugng ddt ciia cdc ddng hg O day chung tdi tinh ddng hg theo quy udc can cii vao chQ d i u cua ten ngUdi 143 chu sd hQu tu dien eua Chiem Hoa gdm hg khae va dUde phan bd'nhu sau: Tren cd sd thd'ng ke mQc sd hQu rudng da't thudc ve ddng hg /143 chii, nhung so' ehii sd hQu cac hg la khdng ddng deu, tap trung nhieu nha't vao hg Ma: 99/143 so'chu (chiem 69%); cd hg ehi ed mdt chu sd hQu nhu hg: Ludng, Khdng TQ sii phan bd' khdng ddng deu ve so' chii mdi hg cho nen mQc sd hQu giQa cae hg cung cd sii chenh lech Hg Ma sd hQu tdi 118 m i u thudc tac (76,56% dien tich sd hQu) (13), dd hg Khd'ng chi cd 10 mau (0,66 %) va hg Ludng chi cd 11 m i u (0,7%) (14) Tim hieu p h i n xua't than eua cac chii sd hQu thi cd tdi hdn 90% tong dien tich rudng da't ciia cac ddng hg ke tren chii ye'u thuoc dan tdc Tay Sd hQu rugng ddt cua chitc dich Can cQ vao tai lieu dia ba Gia Long (1805) cho biet, 25 xa eiia huyen Chiem Hda ed 107 chQc dich, dd ed: 25 xa trudng, 81 thdn trudng va sic muc Rghien eiiii Lich sit s6 3.2009 36 Bang 4: Binh quan sdt hufu va binh quan thufa Xa t h o n Stt • 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 R u o n g tii ghi t r o n g fiia b a (m.s.th.t) Di§n t i c h scl hiiu (m.s.th.t) So thila Binh quan m o t thcfa (m.s.th.t) So chu Khuc Phu Tho Holing Xuan Hudng Vinh Gia ViSdn Binh Long Ha LUdng ThanXa Xuan Quang Gia Thuan 11.Mien Duong DaVi Con Lon Yen Vien ThUdng Nong Khuon Hk Kim Tudng Khanh Ninh Ninh DUdng D4i Man Tilng Hien KimD4i 275.1.12.5 326.4.1.9 259.2.6.3 340.2.3.5 630.7.11.5 75.7.10.9 263.8.14.5 12.5.1.9 108.7.0.5 124.8.13.7 454.0.1.5 83.9.7.5 157.5.1.5 59.0.0.0 67.2.0.0 181.2.10.0 11.0.0.0 101.2.12.0 60.0.0.0 33.8.7.0 40.5.0.0 112.0.0.0 13 12 4 12 11.9.9.6 12.1.1.6 11.8.0.0 11.2.0.0 15.1.0.0 5.0.0.0 12.6.5.1 10.0.0.0 8.4.6.7 10.1.2.5 9.3.3.3 13 12 4 12 393.1.9.1 327.8.13.0 228.4.1.1 188.7.13.0 439.6.8.4 259.8.2.9 235.7.0.2 116.6.1.3 137.9.1.8 101.3.12.1 199.0.3.8 11.5.0.0 12.2.0.0 9.3.0.0 8.1.0.0 174.0.0.0 101.8.8.0 6.2.0.0 41.3.0.0 39.0.0.0 31.3.0.0 62.0.0.0 3 2 13 5 3.8.3.3 4.0.6.6 4.6.5.0 4.0.5.0 13.3.8.4 11.3.2.0 1.2.4.0 10.3.2.5 7.8.0.0 6.2.6.0 7.7.5.0 3 2 Kim Ma DaiXa An Lang Tong cong 190.1.10.3 45.11.8.5 90.0.6.1 6125.3.5.3 65.0.10.3 0.0.0.0 25.0.0.0 1494.3.11.3 146 10.8.3.5 12.5.0.0 10.5.5.0 Binh q u a n ad hiiu m o t chii (m.s.th.t) 11.9.9.6 12.1.1.6 11.8.0.0 11.2.0.0 15.1.0.0 5.0.0.0 12.6.5.1 10.0.0.0 8.4.6.7 10.1.2.5 9.3.3.3' 13 5 3.8.3.3 4.0.6.6 4.6.5.0 4.0.5.0 13.3.8.4 16.9.8.0 1.2.4.0 10.3.2.5 7.8.0.0 6.2.6.0 7.7.5.0 143 10.8.3.5 12.5.0.0 10.7.4.7 Nguon: Dia bg Gia Long ndm thii (1805) Bang 5: Quy mo sd hufu cua cac dong ho Stt Ho Ma Ha Nguyen LUdng Khd'ng = 100% T o n g s o chvi 99 = % 24 = 16,8% 18 = 12,5% = 0,7 % = 0,7% = 100% D i e n t i c h s d hufu 1182.9.1.8=76,56% 2 = 13,78% 128.0.0.0 = 8,3% 11.0.0.0 = 0,7% 10.3.0.0 = , % 5 =100% Nguon: Bia bg Gia Long nam thd (1805) Tinh hhih ruQng dai d huygn Chiam I;6a MQc sd hQu cu the cua cac chQc dich huyen dUdc chiing tdi thd'ng ke d bang c a c sd' lieu tren cho tha'y sd chQc dich huyen da sd thudc Idp ngUdi kha gia ed sd hQu tren m i u (68% xa trudng; 61,7% thdn trudng) Trong dd cd hai vi thdn trudng d xa Kim Tudng (Td'ng Vinh Ninh) ed mQc sd hQu tQ 20 -> 30 m i u (15) Cac chQc dich khdng cd rudng da't: 25/107 ngudi (23,4%) cd: xa trudng, 19 thdn trudng va mdt sac muc Sd chQc dich cd sd hQu tQ m i u trd xudng chiem 13% Nhieu xa toan bd chQc dieh deu la nhQng ngudi cd sd' rudng sd hQu kha ldn nhU: Than Xa, Kim Tudng, Ha Ludng, Vinh Gia, Thd' Hoang H i u het cac xa, nhQng ngUdi cd sd hQu rudng da't ldn nha't, nhi xa deu thudc ve cac chQc sic dia phQdng va da sd la hg Ma nhu: Ma Van Trie, Ma Van Dinh d xa Kim Tudng; Ma DQc Td' d xa Tho Hoang, Ma Quyen T h i n g d xa Ha Ludng, Nguyin Dinh Ngge d xa Vinh Gia HL KET LUAN Qua dia ba Gia Long (1805) cho tha'y, tinh hinh sd hQu rugng da't d Chiem 37 Hda la sQ phat trien manh ciia tU hQu, quy md sd hQu eua cae chu va quy md cac thQa rudng cd nhieu bie'n dd'i 100% dien tich rudng da't toan huyen thuge sd hQu ciia 143 chii Trong dd, da sd' ehii ed mQc sd hQu tQ 10-20 m i u (74/143 chu) Chi cd chu cd mQc sd hQu tQ 20 - 30 m i u 17 chii cd mQc sd hQu rudng dQdi m i u ThQc te dd cho tha'y rang, kha nang sd hQu vQa va ldn la kha phd' bie'n d Chiem Hda Hien tUdng phat trien manh me eua sd hQu rudng da't tU nhan khdng chi diin d Chiem Hda ma d rat nhieu ndi ca nudc Theo nghien cQu ciia Nguyin DQc Nghinh ve xa Mae Xa va xa ThUdng Phue giQa hai thdi diem (1789 - 1805) thi sd hQu rudng da't d thdi die'm la sU phat trie'n manh eua tU hQu, cac thQa rudng manh mun da giam di, cac thQa rudng vdi dien tich ldn tang len Hay theo nghien cQu ve sd hQu rudng da't ciia cac lang budn: Dan Loan, Da NgUu, Bao Dap va Phu Luu d i u the ki XIX - d i u the' ki XX cung cd ket qua tUdng tii Tinh hinh tQ hQu rudng da't phat trien kha manh khdng ehi d cac huygn mien nui ma d ddng bang ciing vay, tham chi ed lang hoan toan khdng cd rudng edng (16) Tinh hinh sd hQu eua cac chQc dich Bang 6: Tinh h i n h sol hiiu ruong da't ciia chiic dich Chiic vi So chii Xa trUdng 25 Thdn trudng 81 Sic muc To'ng so' 107 (100%) Khong RD (20%) 19 (23,5%) (100%) 25 23,4% 5 mau 12% 10 (13,6%) 5->10 mau 32% 19 (23,5%) 10->20 mau 36% 30 (35,8%) (2,14%) 0,9% 13 12,1% 27 25,2% 39 36,4% (2%) Ngudn: Bia bg Gia Long ndm thd (1805) 20->30 mau 33 kha phat trien Can cQ vao dia ba Gia Long (1805), td'ng sd 25 xa ciia Chiem Hda, cd 107 chQc dich gom: 25 xa trudng, 81 thdn trudng, sac mue Da sdehQc dieh huyen thudc Idp ngQdi kha gia cd sd hQu tren m i u (68% xa trudng, 61,7% thdn trudng) Nhieu xa toan bd chQc dich deu la nhQng ngUdi ed sd' rudng sd hQu kha ldn nhQ: Than Xa, Kim Tudng, Ha Ludng, Vinh Gia, Thd' Hoang Tham ehi, cd ndi thdn trudng cdn sd hQu rudng da't ldn hdn xa trudng nhu trUdng hgp d xa Kim Tudng (Td'ng Vinh Ninh), dieu dd cho tha'y ddi the liic kinh te eua thdn trudng cdn ldn hdn ea xa trudng Day cung mdt hien tUdng kha ddc dao d Chiem Hda Rudng da't lUu hoang dUdc dUa vao sQ dung dudi hinh thQc sd hQu eiia eac chu la mdt dae diem ciia Chiem Hda Dieu dd cd the gdi md suy nghi la, trieu Rghien ciJru Lich sJr s6 3.2009 dinh n h a Nguyen khdng chi quan t a m den viee sQ d u n g da't h e a n g san xua't ndng nghiep d ddng b i n g ma cdn d ea mien nui Qua nghien cQu ve rudng da't d Chiem Hda chung ta cd the tha'y dUdc the liie cua Quang Mudng cung bd may h a n h chinh phuc vu cho Quang the hien qua sd hQu da't dai la ra't ldn Da so' cae chQc dieh deu ed mQc sd hQu tUdng dd'i ldn Dieu dd khdng chi tha'y vai trd cua cac thd' tQ dd'i vdi eac dan tgc mien nui phia Bie ndi ehung ma cdn tha'y dQdc sU quan ly eua trieu dinh nha Nguyin viec giai quye't va'n de rugng da't d nQa dau the' ki XIX Rugng da't d day hoan toan Quang chii ddng va toan quyen phan chia, anh hudng eua trieu dinh nha Nguyen edn kha md nhat Day eung la mgt eac ly khie'n cho rudng da't tu d day phat trien m a n h me CHU THICH (1) Quo'c s\l quan trieu Nguyen: Dgi Nam nha't thdng chi, tap /V, Nxb ThuSin Hoa, Hue, 1992, tr 340 (2) Dai hoc Tong Hdp Ha Noi: Thd ty d Bdo Lgc- Cao Bang - Bao cao dien da ciia sinh vien chuyen nganh Dan toe hoc nam 1973, Khoa Lich sil, tr (7) Kim Tuang xd Yen Viin xd, Thdgng Nong xd, Con Lon xd, Dd Vi xd, Binh Long xd, Dia bg Gia Long 4, TTLTQGl, 8081F1:9, 8097F1:8, 8078F1:7, 8084F1:8, 8077F1:7 (8) Kim Tdang xd, Khuc Phu xd, Xudn HdOng xd, Thd Hodng xd, Vinh Gia xd, Hd Lddng xd, Mien Ddang xd, Vi san xd, Gia Than xd An Ldng xd, Kim Md xd, Kim Bdi xd, Ninh Bddng xa, (3), (4), (5), (6) Vu Xuan Ban: Tim hieu vdi net Khuon Hd xd, Thdn Xd xd, Dia bg Gia Long 4, ve che Qudng a vung Mddng Gidng thuoc Chiem TTLTQGl, 8081F1:9, 8074F1:10, 8089F1:8, Hoa- Tuyen Quang trudc ndm 1945, Tai Ueu dien 8096F1:10, 8090F1:8, 8073F1:10, 8082F1;10, da Ban danh may, Khoa Lich sii - TrUdng Dai hoc 8080F1:10, 8093F1:8, 80B6F1:8, 8075F1:10, Khoa hoc xa hoi va Nhan van 8092F1:10, 8083F1:8, 8076F1:10, 8098F1:10 (5) Theo Tai lieu dien da cua tac gia (9) Kim Tuang xd, Dia bg Gia Long 4, (6) Tim hieu vdi net v4 che Qudng d viing TTLTQGl, 8081F1:9 Mudng Gidng thuoc Chiem Hoa - Tuyen Quang (10) Kim Tdang xa, Khdnh Ninh xd, Dia bg trudc ndm 1945, Tai lieu dien da, Ban danh may, Gia Long 4, TTLTQGl, 8081F1;9, 8099F1:8 Khoa Lich sii - Trudng Dai hoc Khoa hoc xa hoi va Nhan van-DHGQHN (11) Xem bang so'4 39 Tmli hinh ruQng d a t h u y e n Chiam I;6a (12) Ddi Xd xd, Dia bg Gia Long 4, TTLTQGl, 8079Fl:7 8075F1:10, (13) Kim Tuang xd Yen Viin xd Con Lon xd, Bd Vi xd, Khdc Phu xd, Xudn Huang xd, Thd 8092F1:10, 8083F1:8, 8099F1:8, 8076F1:10, 8098F1:10 (14) Xudn Huang xd, Gia Than xd, Bia bg Gia Long 4, TTLTQGl, 8089F1:8, 8093F1:8 Hodng xa, Hd Ldang xd Mien Ddang xd, Vi sdn xd, (15) Binh Long xd An Ldng xd, Kim Md xd, Kim Bai xa, Ninh Duang xd, Khdnh Ninh xd, Khuon Hd xd, Thdn Xd xd, Bia Kim Tdang xd, Bia bg Gia Long 4, TTLTQGl, 8081F1:9 bg Gia Long 4, TTLTQGl, (16) Do Danh Huli'n Nghien cdu ve ldng xd d 8081F1:9, 8097F1:8, 8084F1:8, 8088F1:8, chdu thd Bde Bo tren Tgp chi Nghien cdu Lich sd 8074F1:10, 8089F1:8, 8096F1:10, 8073F1:10, (1954 - 2008), Tap chi Nghien cdu Lich sd, so 393- 8082F1:10, 8080F1:10, 8077F1:7, 8086F1:8, 2009, t r 64, 65 LjCH Sir QUAN HE VIET NAM - TRUNG QUOC THE KY XIX (Tiep theo trang 29) (31) Dgi Nam thdc luc, chinh bien, I, quyen 37, (37) Bgi Viet sd ky todn thd (ban hieu hop) p l i b ; quyen 55, pp 6b~7a; Takeda Ryoji, p 497 DUdng Tru5ng dai hdc Dong Kinh, 1986), p (32), Dgi Nam thdc luc, chinh bien, H, quyen 845 (38) Bgi Nam thdc luc, chinh bien, IV, quyen 220, pp 8a~b; Takeda Ryoji, pp 496-497 50, p 8a (39)- Bgi Nam thdc luc, chinh bien, I, quyen 54, (33) Phan Huy Le, "Tinh tho'ng nha't da dang ciia lich s\l Viet Nam" cua Phan Huy Le, Tim p, 9b; Takeda Ryoji, p, 532 vi coi ngudn, Tftp I Nxb The gidi, Ha Noi, 1998, p 495 (34) Dgi Nam thUc tuc, chinh bien, I, quyen 58, pp l l a ~ b ; Takeda Ryoji, p 498 (35) Bgi Nam thdc luc, chinh bien, 11, quyen (40) Bgi Nam thdc luc, chinh bien II, quyen 65, pp 9b-10a; Takeda Ryoji, p 498 (41) Dgi Nam thdc luc, chinh bien, IV, quyen 1, pp 31b-32a 79, pp 17~18b; Woodside, op cit, pp 118-119; Takeda Ryoji, p 498 (42) Dgi Nam thdc luc, chinh bien, II, quyen 218, pp 33a~34a (36) Bgi Nam thdc luc, chinh bien, II, quyen 85, p 30a; Takeda Ryoji, p 499 (43) Woodside, op cit., p 267 ... Loai r u d n g 149 4.3.11.3 24, 4 % - Tu dien 149 4.3.11.3 24, 4 % Luu hoang 46 30.9.9.0 75,6 % - Tu dien 46 30.9.9.0 75,6 % Tong cong 6125.3.5.3 100% Ngudn: Dia bg Gia Long ndm thii (1805) Tmh hinh... 5-10 mlu 49 ( 34, 3%) 396.1. 14. 4 26,5% 63,9% 0,1 % 10-20 m i u 74 (51,7 %) 955.0.7 .4 20-30 mSu 2,1 %) 90.2 .4. 5 6% Tong cong 143 = 100% 149 4.3.11.3 100% Nguon: Dia bg Gia Long ndm thd (1805) Chiem... 326 .4. 1.9 3 259 259.2.6.3 4 Vinh Gia 340 340 .2.3.5 5 ViSdn 630 11 630.7.11.5 6 Binh Long 75 10 75.7.10.9 7 Ha Lildng 263 14 263.8. 14. 5 8 Than Xa 312 312.5.1.9 9 Xuan Quag 108 10 Gia Thu&n 1 24 13