Bài viết nghiên cứu hoàn cảnh ra đời, khái quát tác giả của bộ sách, nội dung của thư tịch cổ viết về Vũ Hồn nhằm nhận thức được giá trị đích thực và độ tin cậy của các tư liệu được sử dụng trong bộ sách này.
/f THIT TICH CO VIET VE VC H ] \ NGUYfiN HtTU TAM* T rong cac thU tieh ed Viet Nam, nhu An Nam chi iQdc, Dq.i Viet sQ ki todn thQ, Khdm dinh Viet sQ thdng gidm cQdng muc (1) chung ta cd the d i dfing nhfin thfi'y ngudn tU lipu chfnh viet ve Vu Hdn, mfi cae sach dUa deu cd xufit xQ tQ Tdn DQdng thQ bp Nhi thdp tQ sQ ciia Trung Qude Bp sach dUde soan dUdi thdi Tdng Nhfin tdng, vua thQ tU eiia Bfic Tdng Trung Qudc, d ngdi dupe 42 nfim (10221063) TrUdc trich dfin nguyen vfin phfin viet ve Vu Hdn, chung ta cung tim hieu sd lUde hofin canh ddi, npi dung khfii quat eung cac tfic gia cua bp sach, dl cd the phfin nfio nhan thQc dUde gifi tri dfch thue vfi dp tin efiy eua cac tU lipu dUde sQ dung bp sach nfiy Bp sach DQdng thQ sau ddi gpi la Ciiu DQdng thQ LUu Hue, TrUdng Chieu Viin bien soan vdo ddi Hau Tfin, hofin thfinh nfim Khai Vfin thQ (945), gdm 200 quyin viet ve lich sii ddi Dudng, tQ Dudng Thai td nfim Vu DQc thQ nhfi't (618) den Dudng Ai de nfim Thien HUu thQ (907) Sau DQdng thQ ddi, dU lufin cd y kien phd binh ve each bien soan, sii lipu ehUa dUde dfiy dii, nhieu cho sai Ifim chUa dUpe hipu chinh tdt, dfic bipt phfin viet ve hfiu ky ddi Dudng cdn thieu cfin phai bd sung Bfit dfiu • Th.S Vipn SQ hpc tQ nfim Khanh Lich thQ (1044), Tdng Nhfin tdng Ipnh cho Tdiig Ky, sau nfiy Ifi Au DUdng Tu chii tri vipe bien soan lai DQdng thQ, sau 17 nfim vdi sU tham gia ciia nhieu ngUdi, bp sfich vdi ten gpi Tdn DQdng thQ dupe hofin thfinh vfio nfim Gia HUu thQ (1060), (sau dd, d l phfin bi§t vdi b^ sach nfiy thi ngUdi ddi thudng gpi DQdng thQ thfinh COu DQdng thQ) Bp sfich Tdn DQdng thQ vSn giQ nguySn cfich bien soan theo t h i tfii ky truyen ciia DQdng thQ, nhUng v l npi dung eung tU li$u dupe bd sung, siia chQa, nit gpn, cai tidn hdn nhieu Tofin bp sach gdm 225 quyin dd phfin Di ky 10 quyin, Chi 50 quyin, Bii'u 15 quyin, Li^t truyen 150 quyin Theo thdng ke phfin £)^ ky ciia DQdng thQ ch6p tdi hdn 300 nghin chQ Han, Tdn DQdng thQ nit cdn 90 nghin chQ, ngfin gpn nhUng thong tin dUpc bd sung dd lai nhieu hdn Tdn DQdng thQ cfit giam 61 nhfin vfit phfin Li^t truy$n, song lai tfing them 331 nhfin vfit khfic c6 nhieu lien quan tdi lich sii ddi Dudng B$ sfich cdn bd sung them ba thien phfin Chi, bdn thien phfin Bii'u Cd the nhfin thfiy nhQng sU ki^n ljch aii ddi Dudng, dfic bipt hfiu k^ ddi Dudng dUpc chdp Tdn DQdng thQ dfiy dii hdn 44 DQdng thQ Bp Tdn DQdng thQ bien soan them phfin Binh chi, Tuyen cQ chi, Nghi vi chi, day Ifi Ifin dfiu tien nhiing phfin Chi nfiy dUde ehinh thQc chdp qudc aii Trung Qudc Tii ddi Tdng trd ve sau, lich sii cua cfic trieu dai deu tiep tyc ke thQa phUdng thQc bien soan nfiy Au DQdng Tu eung Tdng Ky da khdi phyc lai truyen thdng thiet lfip phfin Bilu bp SQ ky ciia Tu Ma Thien vfi bp Hdn thQ cua Ban Co', xay diing them Bilu Tdn DQdng thQ gdm: Te tQdng, PhQdng trdn, Tdn thdt the he vfi Te tQdng thi'hi Vipe lfip Bilu tren dfi eung cfi'p nhieu tU lieu cfin thiet d l giup cho ngudi dpc de dfing tim hieu tinh hinh dUng dfit, dien each, phe Ifip cung ten gpi vfi thdi gian giQ quyen ciia cac T l tudng, nfim vQng sU phat triln, tieu vong, qua trinh thdng nhfi't, ly tan eua cac phien trfi'n dia phUdng, diin bien eiia cfic chi phfii tdn thfi't cua ddi Dudng Trong dd Te tQdng the hi Bii'u noi trdi hdn ca, nd rfit thufin tien cho viec tra cQu than the, sU nghipp eiia tQng nhan vfit Phfin Bilu eiia Tdn DQdng thQ dUpe bd sung hdn 2000 sii kipn lich sii, ngudn tU lipu phfin ldn dUde chfit Ipc tQ gia pha, bi ky, tilu thuyet dfi qua thfim dinh tUdng dd'i ky efing, nhQng tQ lieu eua sfi'm ky, eac truypn hoang dudng, quai dan deu khong chdp vfio Bp sach tQng dUde cae hpc gia nhfin dinh "sQ kien tdng hdn sdch cd, vdn phong tinh gian hdn ciiu sit", sfich cu vd cUu sii deu chi bp DQdng thQ NhUng Tdn DQdng thQ vfi DQdng thQ (Ciiu DQdng thQ) deu cd nhQng sd tnidng vfi sd doan rieng Neu nhU COu DQdng thQ vfin bao lUu dUpe nhieu tU lipu nguyen thuy, thi Tdn DQdng thQ lai phong phu hdn ve tu Hpu cua ddi Tdng bd sung cho Ciiu DQdng thQ Cd the ndi gia tri eiia hai bp sach sii Tdn, Ciiu DQdng thQ vd cung quy R g h i ^ curu Lich siSr sd 4.2009 gia va ludn ho trd cho nhau, cung cfip nhQng sii lieu cfin thiet de gidi nghien cQu cd t h i tim hieu lich sii ddi Dudng (618 907) mdt each dfiy du, tofin dipn Ve eac tac gia ciia Tdn DQdng thQ, dfiu tien chiing ta phai nhfie den Tdng Ky (998 1061) Ong sinh tai Yen Lye, Yen Chau ddi Bfic Tdng (nay thupc tinh Hd Bfic, Trung Qudc), ten tu Ifi T^ Kinh, Tien si vfio nien hipu Thien Thanh (1023-1032) ddi vua Tdiig Nhan tdng, tiing thfing chQc Hfin Ifim Hpc si Nfim Khanh Lich thQ (1044), Nhfin tong ban chieu thfinh lfip DQdng thQ cue giao eho Tong Ky phy trach, tien hfinh bien soan lai sach DQdng thQ, ddng thdi dng cdn kiem nhipm chQc Tri chfiu Do edng vipe qufi nhieu, nen sau gfin 10 nfim Tdng Ky vfin chUa the hofin thfinh vipe bien soan lai bp sach Nfim Chf Hofi thQ nhfit (1054), trieu dinh nhfi Torig quydt dinh cii Au DUdng Tu ehu tri bien soan vfi phy trach cfic phfin Bdn ky, Chi, Bii'u, Td'ng Ky chuyen trach phfin Liet truyin Nfim Gia Huu thQ (1060) bp sach dQdc hofin thfinh, dd phfin Liet truyin 150 quyen deu Tdng Ky bien soan Sau sach trinh len vua, dng dUde thfing chQc Ta thQa, tiep theo lai dUde giQ chQe ThUdng thU Bp Cdng Nfim 1061, Tdng Ky qua ddi, hudng thp 63 tudi, dUdc ban ten thyy Ifi Canh Vfin Ddng Chu bien cua Tdn DQdng thQ Ifi Au DUdng Tu (1007-1072), ngudi dfit Ld Lfing, Cfit Chau ddLTdhg (nay Ifi Cfit An, tinh Giang Tay, Trung Qudc), ten tU Ifi Vinh Thue, ten hipu Ifi Tuy Ong, ve gifi lai cd hipu Ifi Luc Nhfit cU si n g sinh mpt gia dinh nghdo tiing, song rfi't hieu hpc, ed cau ehuypn ve vipe hoi cdn nhd dng tQng dung que vach len dfit d l luy§n chQ Nfim Thien Thfinh thQ ddi Tdng Nhan tdng (1030), dng Tidn si, sau dd nhieu nfim dng giQ chQc Tri chfiu, dUpe Thu hch cd viet ve Vu I)6n thfing chQc Han lam Hoc si, rdi chdc Khu mat Phd sQ, Tham Tri chi'nh sU Nam 1054, dng dupe vua Td'ng Nhan tong chieu cho phu trach bien soan lai DQdng thii, sau ndm bp sach dUde hodn vdi ten gpi Ifi Tdn Dudng thQ Au DUdng Tu chu bien toan bp sach va bien soan phfin Bdn ky 10 quyen, Chi 50 quyen, Bieu 15 quyen Sau hoan bp sach, dng dupe thfing Thi lang Bp Le kiem Hdn Lam vien Thi dpc Hoc si Ong mat ndm Hy Ninh thQ (1072), hUdng thp 65 tudi, dupe ban ten thuy la Van Trung Ong de lai nhieu tac pham cd gia tri, ddc biet tren linh viic vdn hpc va sQ hpc, dUdc ngUdi ddi ca tung Id mpt "Ditdng Td'ng bdt dg.i gia" (2) Hau the thUdng nhfie tdi Au DUdng Tu vdi tu each tac gia ciia bp Tdn Diidng thQ, bdi hp Au la ngUdi ehu tri bien soan lan cudi trUdc bp sach dUdc edng bd, nhUng thiic chat Tdn DQdng thQ dUdc soan bdi mpt tap the nhQng nha bac hpc ndi tieng ddi Td'ng, dd phai ke den Tdng Ky ngUdi da theo dudi edng viec tQ bfit dau tdi bp sach dUde hoan thanh, ngodi cdn cd Luu Hy Vfin, Mai Nghieu Thfin Cho nen gidi sQ hpc Trung Qude thUdng coi Tdng Ky va Au DUdng Tu la Ddng Chu bien Tdn DQdng thQ Chung tdi da tim Ciiu DQdng thQ, ky Vu tdng, nien hieu Hpi XUdng thQ ba, thang 11, chi tha'y chdp nhat mpt sQ kien: Vua (Vu tdng) ban sfic lenh eho be tdi tinh giam sd lUdng cfic quan dU thQa nhieu trieu vd cac dia phUdng (3) Nhu vay phfin viet ve Vu Hdn Tdn DQdng thQ la cae hpc gia ddi Tdng sUu tfim, ehpn liia chdp them vdo, ma d day cdng lao chfnh thupc ve Au DUdng Tu, ngUdi da bien soan todn bp phan Ky ciia Tdn DQdng thU 45 Trd lai vdi phfin viet ve Vu Hdn Tdn DQdng thii 8, Ban ky 8, td 9b va td 10a, nguyen vfin: = ^ -\— S M IL S S ilS BS ffi S )1 (4), phien am nhu sau: (Hdi XQdng) tam niin Thap nhdt nguyi t An Nam qudn loan true ky Kinh iQdc sQ Vu Hdn Dich nghia: (Hpi XUdng) nam thQ ba (843) Thang 11 loan quan An Nam dudi Vu Hon, Kinh lUdc sQ (ciia vung da't dd) Theo nhQng tU lieu cua Tdn DQdng thit ma chung toi thu nhan dUdc, thi chi cd thdng tin: Kinh iQdc sQAn Nam Id Vu Hdn bi loan qudn dudi ndm Hdi XQdng thQ ddi vua DQdng Vu tdng (843) Chung tdi diia vao lich ddi chieu giQa dUdng lich vd ndng lich Trung Qudc, biet rfing thang 11 nfim Hpi XUdng thQ tUc nam Quy Hdi, la thang dii 30 ngdy, bfit dau tQ 25 thang 11 ndm 843 va ket thuc la 24 thang 12 nam 843 (5) Tdn Diidng thQ chi chep sii kien dien vfio thang 11 md khdng chdp cu the nen chung ta chi cd the neu chung loan quan dudi Kinh lUdc sQ Vu Hdn vao cudi thang 11 dau thang 12 ndm 843 NhUng tQ nhQng chi dfin it di tren cung dii de cho phep chung ta khfing dinh: Cd mpt nhan vat lich sQ ten la Vu Hdn da hien dien ddi DUdng Vii tdng (841-846), tQng nhfim chQe lam quan tdi Kinh lUde sQ d Viet Nam, bi loan quan dudi vao cudi ndm 843 Cdn viec cae bp chi'nh sQ cua Viet Nam nhu Dg.i Viet sQ ky todn thii (Todn thQ) vk sau la Khdm dinh Viet sic thdng gidm CQdng muc (CQdng muc), ghi chep nhieu hdn ve Vii Hdn va cd nhieu khac biet so vdi Tdn DQdng thQ thi cfin phai tiep can theo hUdng nghien cQu khac Dfiu tien, chung ta cung tim hieu nhQng tU lieu dUdc phan anh cac bp tu sii cixa Viet Nam trUdc xufit hien bp Todn thQ 46 Bd sach Viet sQ iQdc khuyet danh, ddi khoang cudi nha Tran, dUdc lUu giQ tai TQ khd todn thQ tdng muc di yeu ciia Trung Qude Nfim 1993, bp Viet sQ iQdc dupe dich gia Nguyin Gia TUdng eho mfit ban dpc vdi nhan de Dg.i Viet sQ iQdc, phan viet ve Vu Hdn nhu sau: Vu Hon, ngQdi thdi Vu Tdng (841-846) nhd DQdng Dich gia ed chu thfeh: Dudng Vu tong ten Id Trien, ciia vua Muc tdng d ngdi dUde nam (6) Chung tdi cfin cQ vao ban dich Viet sQ iQdc dUdc cdng bd' vdo nam 1960, cung chi dua thdng tin: Vd Hon, ngQdi ddi Vu tdng (841846) Phfin ehu thfeh eiia ban dich ndy rat dang chu y: Vu Hon ldm Kinh iQdc sQ An Nam, de'n ndi bdt tUdng si sQa phu thdnh, qudn linh ndi day cQdp kho dg.n (843), Vu Hdn phdi chg,y vi chdu Quang Gidm qudn Dodn Si Tdc chiiu du bon qudn log.n Dich gia de rd xuat xQ tQ Tdn DQdng thQ q.8, td 9a (7) Chung toi da tra Tdn DQdng thQ chi thu dupe 16 chQ Han viet ve Vu Hdn chep tai Bdn ky 8, td 9b va td 10a nhU da dfin d tren Phai ehfing nhQng tu lieu chdp ve Vu Hdn nhU: bdt tQdng si sQa phu thdnh chay ve chdu Quang chieu du bpn qudn loan dich gia diia vfio ghi chep eiia Todn thQ vfi CQdng muc d l ehu thfeh (8)? CQdng muc Qud'c sd quan trieu Nguyen bien soan chi chdp chung vao "ndm Tdn Ddu (841), Nhd DQdng diing Vd Hdn ldm Kinh iQdc sQ Vu Hon din ncfi, bdt tQdng si sQa phu thdnh, qudn linh d phd Dd hd lai khdi loan, dot lau thdnh cQdp kho dan Vd Hon phdi chay vi Quang Chdu Vien gidm qudn Id Dodn Si Tdc dep yen ddm qudn linh ldm locin Giao Chdu mdi dQdc yen" (9) Todn thQ phfin Ngoai ky quyen V chep: "Tdn Ddu [841], (DQdng Vu tdng Viem, Hdi XQcfng ndm thQ 1) Vua DQdng xud'ng chieu lay Vu Hdn ldm Kinh iQdc sQ thay Hdn Ude", doan tiep sau Todn thQ chep: Rghien curu Lich siir sd 4.2009 "Quy Hen [843], (DQdng Hdi XQdng ndm thQ 3) Kinh iQcic sQ Vd Hdn bdt tQdng si ddp sQa thdnh phu, tQdng si ldm loan, dot Idu thdnh, cQdp kho phu Hdn chay ve Quang Chdu Gidm qudn Id Dodn Si Tdc vd yin dQdc qudn ldm log.n" (10) Chung ta nhan tha'y giQa hai bp sach da cd nhQng xuat nhap: Todn thQ xac dinh nam Vu Hdn nham chQc Kinh lUdc sQ vfio nfim 841, vfi den nfim 843 xay sU kien Vu Hdn bfit tudng si dfip sQa phii thanh, tUdng si lam loan, do't Ifiu cUdp kho va Ciidng muc chi chep vao ndm 841 Vu Hdn nham chQc, sau dd dien sU kien da d i n md khdng ghi rd vao nfim nao Mat khac, Todn thii chep la "tQdng si ldm loan", Ciidng muc lai chep "qudn linh d phu Dd hd lai khdi locin" Bp sach An Nam chi iQcJc Le Tfic bien soan khoang vao nhQng nam dfiu the ky XrV phfin chep ve Vu Hdn: Nguyen vdn: Stil^&SffiitifflS, M ii w m m {W) § H ^ Phien am: Vd Hdn vi An Nam kinh iQdc, Hdi XQdng tam nien vi log.n qudn sd true Dich nghia: Vu Hdn ldm Kinh lUdc An Nam, nam Hpi XUdng thQ (843) bi loan quan duoi So vdi tu lieu ghi Tdn DQdng thQ, cd the doan dinh Le Tfic cU tru tai Trung Qud'c tQng tham khao Bfic sQ, da chep lai dung npi dung cua Tdn Ditdng thQ, chi cd dieu ngQ phap sQ dung An Nam chi iQdc gfin gui each viet cua ngUdi Viet Nam Tdm lai, theo nhQng ghi chep ciia cae bp tu sQ ddi vdo the ky XIV dfiu XV, dac biet ghi chep ciia An Nam chi iQcJc chi cung cfi'p thdng tin: Vd Hon ldm Kinh iQdc sQ An Nam, bi loan qudn dudi vdo ndm 843, tQc Ifi nhfie lai sii lieu da dUdc ghi bp Tdn DQdng thQ Thu Hch c^ v i a vi Vu ft6n Vi den nhQng thfip nien 80 ciia thd ky XV, theo l§nh cua Vua Le Thanh Tdng, nhfi sii hpc Ngd Si Lien vidt bp qudc sii Todre thQ vfi dupc cac sii gia khac tidp tyc bd sung vao cac thd ky sau, da gifinh nhQng ddng ghi ch6p ky hdn v l Vu Hdn? Phfin viet vd Vu Hdn lai dUdc chinh thQc ghi qudc sii nhu da trich dfin d tren? Dieu nfiy ed t h i giai thich dUqIc chiing ta tim hilu ve thdi dilm xufi't hi^n gia pha hp Vu d Mp Trach eung tinh hinh bidn soan qudc sii ddi Le Vu PhUdng De cudn sach Cdng dQ tiip ky, phfin The gia chdp ve hp Vu d Mp Trach cd cung cfip thdng tin: Ddi vua Trfin Minh Tong nhfi Trfin (1314-1329), Nghieu Ta vfi em Ifi Ndng (theo gia pha chdp Ifi Han Bi) eung thi Hai anh em ndi tieng Ifi hay chQ vfi Ifim quan tdi chQe Nhfip thi Hfinh khiln Ta Bpe xa (12) Cae dng bfit dfiu tim toi tdng phai, lipt ke the thQ, khoa danh vfi tQde trdt TQ dd mdi ed tai Hpu dl khao cQu (13) NhQ vfiy, vfio dfiu the ky XIV, hp Vu d MO Tr^ch bfit dfiu cd gia pha, cho den thd ky XVIII, nhQng nfim 1767-1769, hfiu du§ hp Vu Ifi Vu PhUdng Lan, Vu The Nho, Vu Tong Hai cdn ed ed hpi dUa vfio nhQng phfin eon lai nhU Tdng phdi dd gia pha the ky XTV ciia anh em Vu Nghieu Tfi, Vu Han Bi d l bien soan Mp Trach Vu tdc tMh^ sQ tich Qua nhQng thong tin chfit Ipc dUpc, chung ta cd t h i khfing dinh: Hp Vu d Mp Trach bien soan gia pha vfio nhQng thfip ni§n dfiu thd ky XTV vfi gia pha hp Vu Ifi mpt nhQng ban gia pha ddi sdm nhfit tai Vi$t Nam Mfit khfic y thQc giQ gin bao mfit ciia tofin t h i tpc hp Vu d Mp Trach vfi cung cd phfin nfio duyen may eua lich sii mfi gia pha hp Vu thofit khdi nan binh hoa, tranh dupe sU tript vfin hoa tfin khdc Minh Thfinh td tien hfinh xfim lUpe Vi^t Nam vfio dfiu thd ky XV Sii gia Ngd Si Li§n dfi tQng chi ro tpi fie gific Minh doi vdi ndn vfin hofi dan t^c nUde ta nhU sau " 47 Gido mdc ddy dQdng, ddu chang bpn gidc cuong Minh: sdch vd cd nQdc diu thdnh tro tdn tai Qdng" Chiing ta deu biet nfim 1479, Le Thanh Tdng "sai sQ quan tu soan Ngd Si Liin soan Dai Viet sQ ky todn thQ 15 quyen" Chfnh vi vua tfii gidi sang sudt vdi nhfin quan sau sfic ve y thQc dpc lfip qudc gia, tofin vpn lanh thd vfi vfin hidn dfin tpc da sdm chufin hi vipe bien soan qudc sii Trong 38 nfim nfim giQ vUdng quyen, Le Thanh Tdng da hai Ifin chieu cho qufin thfin sUu tfip tU lieu dfin gian Dieu nfiy da dUdc hai sii gia la Ngd Si Lien vfi Le Quy Ddn phan anh cfic cdng trinh sii hpc cua minh Trong Bfii tUa sfich Todn thQ, Ngd Si Li6n chdp: "Khoang ndm Quang Thudn (14601469) xud'ng chieu tim kiem dd sQ vd cdc truyen ky xQa cdc tQ nhdn cdt giQ diu linh ddng lin died sdn tham khdo" (14) Sach Dai Viit thdng sQ (hay lA triiu thdng sQ) eua sii gia hp Le vidt: "Vua Thdnh Tdng [1460-1497] ham thich sdch vd: hoi ddu ndm Quang Thudn [14601469], chieu tim tbi cdc dd sit, thu thdp truyin ky co kim cbn chQa d cdc nhd riing linh cho dem ddng len tdt cd Khoang ndm Hong DQc [1470-1497] nhd vua lai chieu cdu nhQng sdch cbn sdt lai dem chQa cdt d Bi cdc" Sii gia hp Le cdn cho bidt: dip nfiy nhieu ngUdi dUa ca sach quy, hiem la, ca nhQng sach bf truyin eung ddu dUde khen thudng Vi vfiy " NhQng sdch cda ddi trQdc cung ddn ddn dQdc dQa ra" (15) Tfi't ca nhQng dieu tren Ifi minh chQng cho sQ no liic vi cdng vi^e bien soan qudc; sii eiia Le Thanh Tdng eung nhQng sii thfin dUdi trieu Le Cong vipe nfiy dupe sU hdp tfic nhidt tinh trfin dfiy y thQc bao tdn truyen thdng vfin hoa dan tpc ciia nhieu tfing Idp nhfin dan tai cae vung mien khac eiia dfi't nUdc Vipe viet qudc sii Ifi mpt sU ke thQa cd ehpn Ipc cae bp aii ciia 4S tien trieu, cpng vdi sii tim tdi phfit hipn sii lieu mdi cfic ngudn-tU Hdu dan gian vfi sii sfing tao eua ngUdi bien soan Chfnh vi vfiy phfin Pham Ip, vipe bien soan sach Todn thQ da dUde cac Sii thfin trieu Le giai thfeh kha ey t h i : "Sdch ndy ldm gdc d hai bd Dai Viet SQ ky cda Li Vdn HQu vd cda Phan Phu Tien, tham khao thim Bac sQ, dd sQ, cdc bdn truyen chi vd nhvtng viec nghe thdy truyin lai, roi khdo dinh biin tap md thdnh" (16) NhU vfiy, eong viec bien soan qud'c sii tQ dau da xac dinh dUdc mpt hudng bd sung tU lieu quan trpng Ifi thu thfip, xvt ly nhQng tU lieu thfinh van va truyen khfiu nhan dfin tai cfic dia phUdng ca nUdc Theo Qe doan chu quan vfi dUa vfio tinh hinh thUc td vipe viet qudc sii dudi thdi Le, chung tdi cho rfing gia pha ciia hp Vu d Mp Trach ed le dfi dupc thu thfip nhiing ddt sUu tfim tu lipu thdi Le Thanh Tdng Dieu nfiy phu hdp vdi ehu tnidng chung ciia trieu dinh ddi Le va hdn nQa vung Hai Dong d the ky XV la ndi phat triln manh me v l eac mfit kinh te vfi khoa cii Lfing Mp Trach eiia xQ Ddng xUa ndi tieng Ifi "Tien si sao", nhieu ngUdi dat thfinh danh chdn khoa trUdng vfi quan tnidng Mfi anh em Vu Nghieu Ta vfi Vu Ndng deu thi do, ndi tieng vfin hpc, giQ trpng trach trieu Trfin, chfic chfin cd anh hudng khdng nho den viec hien dUdng ddng hp Vu Cho nen nhQng be tdi eiia trieu Le qua trinh tien hfinh dieu tra, khao sat, thu thfip sii lieu khong t h i bd qua vung dfi't Hai Ddng ndi chung vfi lfing Mp Trach ndi rieng dUdc Dfin lfing Mp Trach, dd cd chau hp Vu ciing sfin sfing cung cfi'p nhQng tU lipu quy hiem, k l ca ban gia pha cua ddng hp minh Sau siiu tfim ve, cac sii gia trieu Le phai lao tam khd tQ, thfim dinh, lUa ehpn, ddi chieu rdi mdi dam biit viet len nhiJng ddng sii lUu truyen hfiu the Rghi&n curu Ljch sJr s6 4.2009 Viec bien scan quoc sii cQng dUdc cfic vua trieu Nguyen quan tam, dfic bift vua Tu DQc da Ipnh cho cac sii t h i n phai sdm hofin thfinh bp qudc ail n g tQng ndi:" Niu bp Viet sQ (tQc bp Khdm dinh Viit sit thdng gidm cQOng muc - NHT) chQa ldm xong Id mpt khuyit dii'm ciia thdi thinh tri" Tidp sau, Tu DQc "ha linh cho nho thdn, tim rpng cd dd sQ tdng trQ d nhd tQ, tham khdo vdi sQ chep viic nQdc ngodi da Trung Qudc" (17) Bp CQdng muc Qudic sii quan trieu Nguyin bien soan da ke thQa cd phe phfin nhQng ghi chdp ciia cac bp sii trUdc dfic bipt Ifi bp Todn thQ Cac sii thfin trieu Nguyin phfin cfin an sau tham bac cac tfii li^u, dd chii yeu Ifi phfin Lipt truypn bd DQdng thQ da dUa mpt cai chfnh theo chung toi Ifi hpp ly vfi chinh xac: ngUdi tien nhipm ciia Vii Hdn phai la Ma ThUc chQ khong phai Hfin \Sdc (18) Dilu nfiy cung dUpc cac nhfi hpc gia Trung Qudc khao cQu vfi khfing dinh nhQng cdng bo nghien cQu gfin day Phfin "Khao ve cac ThQ sii ddi Dudng" (DQdng ThQ sQ khdo) ciia tac gia Utft Hiln Hao di^a vao ghi chdp ciia COu DQdng thQ, Tdn DQdng thQ, TQ tri thdng gidm, Todn DQdng thQ vfi nhieu minh vfin khfic tren bia, midu mp dUa so lipu thdng ke hp ten cfic ThQ sii cung thdi gian tri vi tai An Nam Do h0 phu da chdp ro: Ma ThUc (tQ nfim Khai Thfinh thQ nhfi't ddn nfim Khai Thfinh thQ (836 - 840), tiep sau dd ch6p tdi Vii Hdn (nfim Hpi XUdng thQ (843) (19) Vdi nhQng phfin ghi chdp thSm v l Vii Hdn vfin chUa dUde d i y dii chinh aii, song cung giup chiing ta ngfiy c6 t h i hilu them p h i n nfio hfinh trang ciia m^t vj Kinh IU(?c sQ song vfio thd ky EC Kdt h # giQa ghi ch6p cac bp sach vfi nghiSn cQu ciia ca Trung Quoc vfi Vi§t Nam, chung ta cd the dUa mdt ket lu^in: VQ Hdn giQ chQc Kinh luqic sQ t^i Vi^t Nam tQ nftm 841 Thir Hch c^ v i a v& Vu 1^6n ddn nfim 843 Ddng thdi c h u n g ta cung ghi nhfin sU ddng gdp tfch ciic, bd s u n g eiia gia p h a hp V u Mp T r a c h cho p h i n k h i e m k h u y e t t r o n g qudic sii Vi vfiy c h u n g t a efing 49 t r a n trpng h d n doi vdi cac di s a n vfin hofi ciia t i l n nhfin di lai, kfnh trpng hdn y thQc ton vinh ddng hp mfi dd hp Vu d M$ Trach xiing dfing Ifi mpt ddng hp tieu b i l u CHIJ THfCH (8) Dai Vift sd ky todn thU T.I; Nxb Khoa hpc (1) Dl trfinh lfip lai nhilu trfch din, chiing t5i xin vilft t i t Todn thU Ai chi b§ Dai Viit xfi h§i, Hfi N§i, 1983, tr 184-185 Qu6c axt qufin sut ki todn thu, vfi Ciicfng muc Ai chi b§ Khdm dinh trilu Nguyin: Khdm dinh Viit sit thdng gidm cUcfng muc, T.I, Nxb Gifio dye, Hfi Npi, 1998, tr 199 Vi^t sit thdng gidm cUcfng muc (NHT) (9) Khdm dinh Viet sd thdng gidm cUctng muc, (2) Ddi Tong c6 ngUdi Ifi: Hfin Du, Liiu Tong sdd, tr 199 Nguyen, deli DUcing c6 ngUdi Ifi: Au Dudng Tu, TS (10), (14), (16) Dcii Viet sd ky todn thU T.I, sdd, Tuin, To Thiic (tiic To Dong Pha), To Tri^t, Tfing tr 184-185, 100, 83 Ciing vfi Vudng An Thaeh gpp lai thfinh Dudng (11) An Nam chi luac [Vi§t] L6 Tfic so^in, Vii Tdng bdt dai gia ThUcjng Thanh dilm hi§u; Trung Hoa thU cvc, (3) Nhi thdp ngu sd, Cifii Dudng thU, Bdn ky Tiing thu sii tjch giao thong Trung ngo?ii; Bic d$ thdp bdt (ThUdng) Vu tdng ky; ThUcjng Hai co Kinh 1995, tr 226 (Trung vfin) tjch xufi't ban xa, ThUcjng Hai, 1987, tr 3557 ^(12) Theo £J(ii Viit sit ky todn thU, ni6n hifu (4) Chiing toi sii dicing b$ Nhi thdp tdsil, Sdc dn Khai Thai thii ddi vua Trin Minh T6ng (1329): bdch ru^p bdn, Tdn Dudng thU, Bdn ky di bdt, Vd "Lfi'y Vu Nghieu Tfi Ifim Nhfip N§i hfinh khiln M6n tdng ky, td 9a vfi 10b; ThUdng vu ft'n thU qufin xufi't h? hQu ty Lang trung Nghigu Tfi (ngudi Hfing ban, Bfic Kinh, 1958 Chung toi doi chid'u v6i Chfiu), vdi em Ifi Nong, diu ciing m$t khoa hfii Nhi thdp ngu sd, Tdn Dudng thu, DUcfng thU quyin Thupng hofing (chi Trin Anh tfing-NHT) cdn d ngdi 8, Bdn ky di bdt, Vu tdng ky (Sdd), tr 4517 Phin vua Anh em diu nd'i tiing vfin hpc Nghigu Tfi Ifim ch^p vl Vu Hon ca hai bp diu hofin tofin giong Hfinh khiln Dfing tri N^i m^t vifn si^ Din trao vfi chi c6 16 chfl Hfin nhU da trfch din chiic nfiy" Trich tit Dc^i Vi^t sd ky todn thU, T.Il, (5) Ludng thiin niin Trung Tdy lich ddi chiiu Nxb Khoa hpc xa h$i, Hfi N§i, 1985, tr 116 NhU bii'u Tilt Trong Tam, Au Dudng Di h