HANDBOOK OF THE MANAGEMENT OF CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION Theory and Practice 10086hc_9789813141872_tp.indd 1/3/17 9:16 AM b2293 Singapore and UNICEF: Working for Children “9.75x6.5” This page intentionally left blank b2293_FM.indd xii 12/17/2015 5:46:27 PM HANDBOOK OF THE MANAGEMENT OF CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION Theory and Practice n Min Tang Christian H Werner University of Applied Management, Germany World Scientific NEW JERSEY • 10086hc_9789813141872_tp.indd LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONG KONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI • TOKYO 1/3/17 9:16 AM Published by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Tang, Min, 1975– editor | Werner, Christian H., 1961– editor Title: Handbook of the management of creativity and innovation : theory and practice / edited by Min Tang (University of Applied Management, Germany), Christian H Werner (University of Applied Management, Germany) Description: New Jersey : World Scientific, [2017] Identifiers: LCCN 2016044414 | ISBN 9789813141872 (hc : alk paper) Subjects: LCSH: Creative ability in business | Creative ability | Diffusion of innovations- Management | Technological innovations Management Classification: LCC HD53 H3575 2017 | DDC 658.3/14 dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016044414 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2017 by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd All rights reserved This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the publisher For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher Desk Editors: Kalpana Bharanikumar/Alisha Nguyen Typeset by Stallion Press Email: enquiries@stallionpress.com Printed in Singapore Kalpana - Handbook of the Management of Creativity.indd 25-01-17 12:06:01 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice To Martin K., the kindest and most intelligent person I’ve ever met Thank you for being my greatest love and best friend! — MT To Sieglinde, Amadeus, Darius, Juliane & Agnes — CHW b2590_FM.indd 3/1/2017 1:18:36 PM b2293 Singapore and UNICEF: Working for Children “9.75x6.5” This page intentionally left blank b2293_FM.indd xii 12/17/2015 5:46:27 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice Contents Reviews of the Book xi About the Authors xiii Acknowledgements xix Prefacexxi Section I Concepts, Approaches and Foundations of Creativity and Innovation Chapter 1 Creativity and Innovation: Basic Concepts and Approaches Min Tang Chapter 2 Biological and Social Foundations of Creativity and Innovation 33 Aleksandra Gruszka and Bartlomiej Dobroczynski Chapter 3 The 4P’s Creativity Model and its Application in Different Fields 51 Aleksandra Gruszka and Min Tang Chapter 4 I nterdisciplinary and Intercultural Approaches to Creativity and Innovation: Example of the EMCI ERASMUS Intensive Program 73 Min Tang and Christian H Werner Section II Creativity and Innovation in Education 97 Chapter 5 The Use of ICT and the 4P’s of Creativity and Innovation in Education 99 Manuel Pavón and Francisco Pavón vii b2590_FM.indd 3/1/2017 1:18:36 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice viii Contents Chapter 6 Effective Management of Creativity and Innovation in Education: Theories and Best Practices 117 Joel Schmidt Chapter 7 Creativity and Innovation in Education: Comparisons of Germany and Spain 135 Joel Schmidt and Francisco Pavón Section III Creativity and Innovation in Business 153 Chapter 8 T he Management of Creativity and Innovation: Is It Possible and How? 155 Andreas Reichert Chapter 9 G ood Practice of Creativity and Innovation Management in Business 175 Eric Shiu Chapter 10 Innovation Management for Products and Processes in the Automobile Industry: Example of BMW 191 Eric Shiu, Andreas Bonacina and Franz-Michael Binninger Section IV Creativity and Innovation in Engineering 217 Chapter 11 The 4P’s of Creativity and Innovation in Engineering 219 Thomas Huettl and Sabine Rathmayer Chapter 12 Creative Process in Engineering: Methods, Tools and the Management Implications 237 Joaquín Moreno Marchal Chapter 13 Creativity and Innovation Systems in Engineering: Comparison of Germany and Spain 257 Thomas Huettl and Joaquín Moreno Marchal Section V Managing Creativity and Innovation in the New Millennium 277 Chapter 14 Evaluation of Training Initiatives about the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Practice of an Intensive Program 279 Min Tang and Ines Joos Chapter 15 Managing the Diffusion of Innovations 299 Franz-Michael Binninger b2590_FM.indd 3/24/2017 9:25:41 AM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice Contents ix Chapter 16 Legal Aspects of Creativity and Innovation: A Burden, a Necessary Evil or a Chance? An Introduction into the Protection of Creativity and Innovation 313 Maximilian Kinkeldey Chapter 17 The Future of the Management of Innovation: Trends and Challenges Achim Hecker and Franz Huber Chapter 18 Essentials of the Management of Creativity and Innovation in Education, Business, and Engineering Christian H Werner and Min Tang Author Index Subject Index b2590_FM.indd 331 347 365 381 3/1/2017 1:18:36 PM b2293 Singapore and UNICEF: Working for Children “9.75x6.5” This page intentionally left blank b2293_FM.indd xii 12/17/2015 5:46:27 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice Author Index 379 Tjosvold, D., 80 Tobi, H.,82 Tokarz, A., 61 Tomasello, M., 292, 298 Tomic, W., 75, 93 Tomling, C., 249 Torrance, E P., 11, 13, 60 Treffinger, D J., 5, 15, 58 Tripathi, S., 177, 181, 185 Trommsdorff, V., 195 Trott, P., 196 Truffer, B., 337 Tsai, K C., 58 Tseng, K H., 42 Turi, P G., 337 Tushman, M L., 8, 20, 349, 357 Tzokas, N., 309 U Uda, R., 284 Udell, G G., Uhly, A., 261 Ulrich, K T., 249 Unsworth, K., 75 Utterback, J M., 334 V Vahs, D., 194 Valtanen, J., Van de Ven, A H., 6, 76 Van Ginkel, W P., 88 Van Knippenberg, D., 18, 77, 92 Van Reenen, J., 335 Van Wulfen, G., 192 Van Yperen, N W., 18 Vaughan, M., 111 Vega, L A., 139 Vela-Jiménez, M., 20 Verloop, J., 248 Vernon, R., 301 Verstijnen, I M., Verworn, B., 358 Vetter, M., 194 b2590_Author index.indd 379 Vezzani, A., 333 Vidal, D., 300 Vilaplana-Prieto, C., 351 Villa, A., Villanueva, G., 102 Virt, W., 209 Vissers, G., 56 Vollmuth, M., 229 Volman, M., 111 von Falckenstein, R V., 326 von Mühlendahl, A., 322 von Schultz, D., 322 Von Streng Velken, I., 339 Voss, J P., 339 W Wakefield, J F., 13 Walker, J D., 129 Walker, R M., 332, 334 Wallace, D B., 14, 22 Wallas, G., 14, 57–58, 239–240 Waller, N G., 38 Walters, C F., 335 Waltl, H., 191–193 Wang, E H., 21, 323 Wannenwetsch, H., 205 Ward, P., 45 Ward, T B., 4, 14–15, 45, 57–58, 358 Ward, W., Waringer, D., 193, 206 Wasson, C R., 176 Waterstreet, M A., 75 Weill, P., 341 Weiner, R P., Weingart, L R., 78 Weinstein, N H., 160 Weis, B X., 164 Weisberg, R W., 14, 22, 64 Weise, J., 358 Weitz, B., 195 Welchsler, S M., 80 Wellbrock, A., 192 Welling, H., 14 3/1/2017 1:04:01 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice 380 Author Index Welsh, M., 357 Werner, C H., x, 12, 60, 75–77, 284, 292, 295, 355 Werner, C., 119, 127, 129, 135, 146, 285 West, J., 232 West, M A., 6–7, 16, 76–78, 81, 284, 298 Westerman, G., 340–341 Whitcomb, H J., 27 Wieringen, P C W., 34 Wildemann, H., 191–194 Wilemon, D., 356, 358 Williams, K Y., 77 Williamson, J M., 231, 354 Wilpert, B., 88 Winston, A., 338 Witt, L A., 20 Woerner, S L., 341 Wolf, M., 229 Wolfe, R., 73 Wonder, J., 80 Woodman, R W., 17, 60, 74 Workman, J P., 360 Worthen, B R., 13 Wutting, S., 280 Wyman, O., 192 b2590_Author index.indd 380 X Xu, F., 284, 298 Xu, X., 18 Y Yates, G C., 123 Yong, K., 79 Yoo, S., 181, 185 Yue, X D., 80–81 Yurkovich, J M., 37 Z Zedtwitz, M., 342 Zerres, Chr., 192, 194, 204–205 Zhang, Z., 19, 32 Zhao, X., 298 Zhou, C., 62 Zhou, E C., 167 Zhou, J., 7, 10, 17–22, 74–76, 167, 170, 284, 347, 349, 355 Zhou, Z., 298 Zimmerman, B J., 124 Zöllner, S., 34 3/1/2017 1:04:01 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice Subject Index A associative thinking, 58 audiovisual competence, 136, 143 automotive industry, 191–192 autonomy, 12, 20, 108 awareness and sensitivity to creativity, 86 Aztec, 223 additive manufacturing, 229 adventure education, 129, 135 advertising, 308, 319 aerospace, 221, 269–270 aesthetic sensitivity, 12 affective disorders, 36, 40 agile (project) management, 168–170 agricultural revolution, 226 “Aha” experience, 14 alternatives, 245–246 analogies local, 14 long-distance, 14 regional, 14 antecedents, 22 anterior cingulate, 40 Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA), 313 Apollo 11, 219–220 Apple, 228, 319–320, 324–325 architectural innovation, 158 artistic creativity, 7, 250 Asociación de Parques Científicos y Tecnológicos de España (APTE), 266–267 assessment of creativity, 55–57, 124, 130, 294 B balance theory, 6, 348–360 Bass, 305–306 Bavarian academy of sciences and humanities, 265 behavioral genetics, 36 berufsbegleitende Studiengänge, 136, 145, 351 Bettinger, 325 bias, 332, 357–358 Big-C, 119, 139, 284 Big-C bias, 291–292 Big Five, 12, 17, 22, 59–60 bioenergy, 270 biomass, 270 biometrics, 269 biotechnology, 269 bipolar disorder, 36 BMWi3, 193 381 b2590_Subject index.indd 381 3/1/2017 1:19:24 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice 382 Subject Index Bologna Declaration/Process, 258 bottom-up creativity, 90 brainstorming, 42, 159 brand identity, 325 brand image, 200 brand protection, 318 business model innovations, 353 business models, 338, 341 buyer’s experience, 247 buyer utility map, 247 C capacity utilization, 208 CAS Projects, 122, 128 case study approach, 175 CAT See Consensual Assessment Technique Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT), 37 categorical reduction, 14, 58 causal thinking, 243 ccTLDs, 324 CDR See Community Design Regulation changing needs, 145 channelling constraints, 358 characteristics of creativity in engineering, 240 Chinese, 223 Cincinnati slaughter houses, 227 citizenship education, 101, 140, 351 co-creation, 342 coefficient of imitation, 305 coefficient of innovation, 305 cognitive approach, 13 cognitive leaps, 14 collaboration, 251–252 collaborative learning, 85 combination, 14, 58 commercialization, 185 communication, 84–89, 253, 294 community design, 325–326 Community Design Regulation, 325–327 b2590_Subject index.indd 382 community innovation survey, 333 complexity, 192–193 avoidance, 194 control, 194 drivers, 193 management, 192–193 processes, 204 reduction, 194 reduction strategies, 352 Componential Model/Theory of Creativity, 15, 158–159, 162, 169 confluence approaches, 54, 64 conscientiousness, 60, 231 conscious, 14 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 266 Consensual Assessment Technique (CAT), 6, 57, 167, 295 constraints, 240, 342, 355, 359 identification of the, 241 time, 240 constructivism, 120, 123 constructive alignment, 125 constructivist approach/model, 83, 107, 123 contingencies, 155, 163, 165, 169 contingency approach to management, 158 contingency theories, 163 continuous improvement, 270 convergent thinking/process, 13, 246, 357 cooperative education, 136, 145–146 copyright law, 314, 359 corporate strategies, 175 cost minimization, 175 co-teaching, 84 coupling model, 162 CPAM See Creative Product Analysis Model CPS See Creative Problem Solving Creative Age, 51 creative and innovative teachers, 104 creative attitudes, 43 creative citizens, 102 3/1/2017 1:19:24 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice Subject Index 383 creative class, 51, 259 Creative Climate Questionnaire (CCQ), 63 creative context, 243 creative destruction, 335 creative economy, 51 creative industries, 51, 62 creative performance, 35, 54, 61, 65, 118, 168 creative performance management, 164 creative person, 53–54, 64 creative personality, 59, 65 creative potential, 13, 35, 40–41, 54, 118, 140–141, 149 creative press, 52, 54, 64–65 creative problems, 238 Creative Problem Solving (CPS), 11, 58 creative process, 12, 34–35, 38–39, 44, 46, 52, 54, 64, 139, 239–240 in education, 106–110, 139–141 in engineering, 230–232 in business, 177–188 creative products, 34–35, 53–55, 57, 64 in education, 110–112 in engineering, 230–232 in business, 177–178 Creative Product Analysis Model (CPAM), 56 creative school environment, 112 creative self-concept, 12 creative role identity, 18 creative self-efficacy, 18, 291 creative self-esteem, 18 creative students, 102–104 creative teachers, 104 creative thinking, 160, 251 creative thinking techniques, 42, 58–59, 62 creativity, 74, 118, 158–159, 161–163, 230, 237 bipartite definition of, 55 definitions of 4–6 individualist definition of, integrative definition of, 76 intentional, 10 b2590_Subject index.indd 383 sociocultural definition of, creativity domains, 75 creativity judgements, 56 creativity techniques, 119 creativity theories/studies 11–16 creativity training, 42–43, 46, 281, 351 creative thinking trainings, 35, 41–42, 46 creativity management training, 350 creativity types, 75, See also types of creativity creatology, 52 criteria, 34, 55–57, 247 appropriateness, 54, 56 effectiveness, 56 elegance, 56 feasibility, 56 flexibility, 177 generalizability, 56 logic, 56 relevance, 56 resolution, 56 subjective, 34 surprise, 8, 55 synthesis, 56 cross-functional collaboration, 185 cross-model use, 208 cross-sectional design, 292 crowd funding, 231–232 crowd sourcing, 168 cultural evenings, 86 culture, 75, 80, 293 culture reconstruction, 106 curiosity, 108 customer experience, 185, 340 cyber physical systems, 228, 270 D data mining, 244 decisional roles, 157 deep learning, 273 default mode network, 40 definitional constraint, 348, 357 3/1/2017 1:19:24 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice 384 Subject Index deliberate practice, 44–45, 356 design, 9, 43, 238, 242, 348 innovation loop, multi-resolution design, redesign, design law, 314, 325, 359 delay of gratification, 12 design process, 240 design process in engineering, 354 design protection, 326–327 design thinking, 43, 107 development, 34–35, 37, 40–41, 44, 184 diffusion, 299, 302, 304 models, 302, 305 of innovations, 302–303, 309, 356 process, 310 research/theory, 300–302 digital age, 228 digital blackboards, 143 digital capabilities, 340 digital competence, 103 digital contexts, 143 digital culture, 103 digital era, 102, 350 digital innovation, 340, 342, 353 digital learning technologies, 125 digital literacy, 136, 144, 350 digital mastery, 353 digital natives, 126 digital revolution, 228 digital skills, 102 digital technologies, 142–143 digital tools, 120, 125–126 mobile technologies, 126 social media, 126 digital transformation, 340 discovery, 8–9, 348 dispositive design of innovation processes, 194 disruptive application, 167 divergent thinking, 11, 13, 37, 43, 46, 119, 357 diversified teaching, 144 b2590_Subject index.indd 384 diversity, 19, 77, 88, 111, 253 diversity typologies, 77 demographic, 77 job-related, 77 DLR_School_Labs, 263 DNA, 33, 36, 38 domain(s), 34–35, 41–45, 53, 59, 62, 65, 162, 169 specificity, 13, 53, 56, 162, 355 generality, 55, 162 dopamine, 37 dopaminergic, 37 receptor D4 (DRD4), 37 receptor DRD2, 37 transporter (DAT), 37 double-edged effect of diversity, 78, 89, 355 Dow Jones sustainability indexes, 203 DSDM consortium, 168 dual-core model of organizational innovation, 158 dual study programs, 145 dual system, 261 E early adopters, 302, 306 eco-efficiency, 338 eco-innovation, 339 ecological validity, 53 e-competence, 350 economies of scale, 207–208 educational indicators, 137 educational innovation, 104 educational needs, 144 educational programs, 136, 149 educational system, 258, 273 in Germany, 137–139, 261–263 in Spain, 137–139, 259–260 educational technologies, 140 education and subjectivity, 101 education in diversity, 111 education to diversity, 111 educommunicative approach, 106 3/1/2017 1:19:24 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice Subject Index 385 effective surprise, Egyptians, 223 elaboration, 56, 59 EMCI, 81, 280, 355 emergenic, 38, 349 emotional stability, 12 employee relationship structures, 195 Encyclopedia of Creativity, Encyclopedia of Management Theory, 161 end-user screening, 178 engagement, 123 engineering definition of, 221 design process in, 237 education, 354 engineers’ work, 250, 253 entrepreneur, 162, 195 entrepreneurial creativity, 161 entrepreneurship, 10–11, 273, 349 environment, 35–36, 41, 46, 61, 163 environmental legislation and policies, 339 environmental sustainability, 337, 352–353 EPO, 316 EPÜ, 315–316 ERASMUS, 73, 260, 280, 286 ERASMUS intensive program, 81 Erlebnispädagogik, 136, 351 Europäisches Patentübereinkommen, 315 Europe 2020, 121 European Commission, 271 European Organization for Nuclear Research, 266 European Patent Convention, 315–317 European Patent Office, 316 European Southern Observatory, 266 European Space Agency, 266 European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI), 263 experiential learning, 85, 140, 147, 149, 293, 351 expertise, 35, 41, 45, 160 expert(s), 34, 44, 46 judgements, 34 b2590_Subject index.indd 385 knowledge, 35 performance, 41, 44 exploration vs exploitation, 337 external complexity, 193, 204 external constraints, 359 extraversion, 59 extrinsic motivation, 61, Also see motivation F failure mode and effects analysis, 242 fanciful trademark, 324–325 feedback, 291 First Industrial Revolution, 225 five-phase creativity and innovation management model, 177 five-phase model, 352 fixed vs incremental view, 291 flipped classroom, 122, 129 flow, 60 FMEA, 242 forecasting model, 306 formative evaluation, 283 four C model of creativity, 119 four P’s model of creativity, 52–54, 64–65, 82, 230–231, 349 four-stage of creativity, 14 freedom, 253, 318 functional creativity, 56–57 functional diversity, 79 functional integration innovation model, 162 functional reasoning, 245 G Gartner Group, 165 gatekeepers, 10, 34 Geneplore model, 57–58 general thematic area, 162 generative side, 34 generic top level domains, 324 genetics of creativity, 36–38, 41, 349 geographical proximity, 337 3/1/2017 1:19:24 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice 386 Subject Index German Aerospace Center (DLR), 263, 265 German educational system, 139 German Federation of Industrial Research Associations, 266 girls in science and technology, 262 global innovation systems, 336 global networks, 337 global production networks, 337 global systems of innovation, 336 goal orientation, 17–18 learning orientation, 18 mastery orientation, 18 performance orientations, 18 GO/NO GO decision, 177 Google, 232, 244, 319–320, 326 Gore, 232 Greek, 223 greenwashing, 339, 353 groupthink, 78 gTLDs, 324 H Harward Oncomouse, 317 Helmholtz Association of German Research Center, 265 He-paradigm, 16 heritability, 36–38 Hero of Alexandria, 223 higher education, 135–136, 144, 342 high performance supercomputers, 265 Horizon 2020, 264 horizontally divided modularization, 193 House of Little Researchers, 262 human-oriented approach, 244 hype cycle, 165 I IB, 128 ICT See information and communications technology idea commercialization, 163 idea funnel, 246 b2590_Subject index.indd 386 idea generation, 13, 22, 163, 251, 357 idea selection, 170 idea implementation/realization, 19, 163, 357 ideal final result (IFR) See also ideality ideate, 107 ideality, 245 idea-to-launch system, 179 identity integration, 18 idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD), 40 illiteracy, 259 illumination, 57–58, 240 imagery, 14 imagination, 11 imitators, 304, 307–308, 310 immersion, 243 impersonal communication, 303 implicit theories, 80, 284 impulsivity, 12 inclusive education, 110–111 incubation, 57–58, 239 independence, 12 Indians, 223 individual intellectual property, 328 industrial management, 156 industrial revolution, 225–228, 232–233 industrial sector, 268–269 Industry 4.0, 228–229, 270, 341 inferior frontal cortex, 40 Information Age, information and communications technology (ICT), 83, 103, 120, 125, 128, 143–144, 258–260, 265–267, 269 information society, 100–101, 135 inheritance inborn capacities, 34–45 innovation, 16, 75, 118, 135, 158, 162, 192, 230, 300–301, 304 continuous, 192 conventional, 309 creativity compared to, 4–7 definitions of, 6–7, 194 3/1/2017 1:19:25 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice Subject Index 387 disruptive, 80, 238, 242, 252, 310, 357 incremental, 177, 181, 242, 252, 360 incremental vs radical, 22 product vs process, 22 technological vs administrative, 22 innovation diffusion, 20 innovation dynamics, 334 innovation eco-system, 353 innovation management, 162–163, 170, 194, 331 models, 163 strategies, 206 innovation persistence, 335 innovation process, 163 innovation research/studies, 16–21 team level studies, 18 organizational level studies, 20 innovation strategy, 267 innovation systems, 336–337, 342 innovation training, 136 innovation trajectories, 334 Innovation Union Scoreboard, 271 innovative climate, 104 innovative process strategies, 205 innovators, 303, 306, 308, 310 insights, 14, 22 institutional change, 339 institutional proximity, 337 instructional design, 140 integrated model, 162 integrity, 293 intellectual processes, 13 intellectual property law, 313 intellectual property protection, 314 intellectual Property Rights (IPR), 314, 327–328, 359 intelligence, 34–35, 41, 45, 59, 61, 65, 121 IQ, 65 Interactionist Approach Also see “Systems Models of Creativity” intercultural, 76, 89, 280 Intercultural and Interdisciplinary Approach, 293, 355–356 Intercultural Approach, 73, 80 b2590_Subject index.indd 387 interdependencies between innovation types, 333 interdisciplinary, 73, 76, 82, 89, 280, 288 Interdisciplinary Approach, 78–79 in business, 79–80 in higher education, 79 internal complexity, 193 internal constraints, 359 internal validity, 53 internal venturing and intrapreneurship, 334 International Baccalaureate (IB), 122 CAS projects (Creativity, Activity, Service), 122 international education, 137 International Handbook of Creativity, 81 International Handbook on Innovation, 81 internet, 228, 232 Internet of Things (IoT), 228, 341 intertemporal patterns of innovation, 334 intrinsic motivation Also see motivation intuitive reasoning, 80 invention, 9, 10, 226, 313–348 inventive step, 316 inverted-U relationship, 89 Investment Theory of Creativity, 158, 169 I-paradigm, 16 iPhone, 228 J Jet Engines, 222 joint production, 208 just-in-time principle, 191 K Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 265 key competences, 102 key performance indicators, 166, 170 KEYS, 63 knowledge, 14, 20, 101, 242–243, 253 knowledge-centered learning, 109 knowledge discovery in databases (KDD), 244 society, 100, 258–259 3/1/2017 1:19:25 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice 388 Subject Index transfer, 140, 267, 273 Kondratieff cycles, 165 L landing on the moon, 219, 221, 232 latent skills, 102 leadership, 19, 118, 130, 341 consultative-advisory leadership, 20 directed leadership, 20 non-controlling leadership, 20 participative leadership, 20 transactional leadership, 19 transformational leadership, 19, 21 leadership style, 164 lead users, 158 lean management, 191 learning curve effects, 207 learning environments, 120, 140–141, 145, 149 learning experience, 147 learning goals, 149 learning outcomes, 125 legal protection, 359 Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ), 265 lesion, 40 liberation management, 164 lifelong learning, 261 limbic, 39 limiting constraints, 358 little C, 166 Live-Drive-platform, 193 logical reasoning, 80 logistics, 269, 271 longitudinal analysis, 336 M macro-level, 120–121, 126–127, 350 made in Germany, 268 management, 118, 130, 155, 161, 163, 166, 251 definition of management, 156 of diversity, 80 of entrepreuneurship, 161 b2590_Subject index.indd 388 managing creativity, 164 managing motivation, 161 managing the constraints, 357 MarkenG, 321–323 marketing mix, 300–301, 308 marketing mix instruments, 195 market potential, 305 market pull, 163 market pull model, 162 market saturation, 301 mass production, 227–228 mathematical models, 302 Max Planck Society, 266 media, 251 media and critical theory approach, 105 medial frontal gyrus, 40 mental illness, 12 mental model, 241 Merriam-webster, 156 mesolevel, 120–122, 127, 350 meta-analysis on institutional factors and innovation, 349 on creativity and innovation in teams, 19 on creativity training, 43 on diversity and scientific recognition, 77 on learning achievement, 123 on openness and creativity, 12 on relationship between creativity and innovation, 360 on technology and education, 125 on variables associated with 4P’s of creativity, 64–65 team-level predictors of innovation, 78 metacognition, 124 meta-searches engines, 244 methodological challenges, 23 Michelangelo, 224 micro-domains, 162 microfirms, 268 microlevel, 121–122, 127–130, 351 mindedness, 13 3/1/2017 1:19:25 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice Subject Index 389 Mindjet MindManager, 242 mind map, 241 mind mapping, 238, 241 mini-c, 119, 139–140 Mini Cooper Countryman, 196–208 mixed communication, 303 Model T, 227 modularization, 205–206 modular product architectures, 205, 208–209 Molecular Genetic Approach, 37 Moore’s Law, 228 motivation, 17, 61–63 achievement, 14 approach, 358–359 avoidance, 358–359 extrinsic, 15, 17, 61 intrinsic, 6, 15, 17, 59–61, 88, 141, 159–161, 231 organizational motivation to innovate, 160 motorsport, 340 MP3, 269 multi-cultural context, 258 multi-disciplinarity, 16, 78 multi-disciplinary teams, 250 multi-level approach/studies, 21, 360 multi-level of sustainability transitions, 339 multiple identities, 18 multiple usages, 205 N nanotechnology, 269 NASA, 219 national defense education act (NDEA), 229 nature of creativity, 349 nature or nurture, 41, 349 needs of students, 109 neuroimaging, 39–40 neuroticism, 59–60 newness, 310 new product, 176, 300 new product development (NPD), 163, 352 b2590_Subject index.indd 389 Nobel Prize, 60, 266 nonlinear iterative work, 252 non-technological innovation, 332–335, 353 normal science, norm-doubting, 12 novelty, 34, 46, 55–57, 299, 306, 316, 318 O objective methods, 284 observation, 112 occupational innovations market innovations, 195 process innovations, 195 product innovations, 195 social innovations, 195 OECD, 137, 139, 271 OEM, 191 open data, 341 open-ended activities, 237 Openess/opennes to experiences, 12, 17 open innovation, 158, 231, 246 opinion leaders, 299, 302 opportunity identification and selection, 181 optimism, 231 ordre public, 317 organizational and service innovations, 332 organizational characteristics, 155, 163 organizational climate, 164 organizational creativity, 164 organizational culture, 22, 164 organizational effectiveness, 163 organizational innovation, 333 organizational motivation to innovate, 160 organizational proximity, 337 organizational strategy, 208 organizational transformation, 338 organizations, 248, 250 original equipment manufacturers, 191 originality, 34, 37, 43, 46, 55, 57, 61 OTRIS, 267 Outdoor Adventure Education (OAE), 147 3/1/2017 1:19:25 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice 390 Subject Index P 4P-2C, 82 Paris Convention, 321 participative safety, 19 patent, 244, 270, 272, 315–318, 332 application, 316, 318 infringement, 317–318 law, 225, 314–315, 318, 321, 325, 327, 359 protection, 315 trolling, 314 patentability, 317 path-dependent sequence of innovation, 334 path of least resistance, 358 penetration price strategy, 307–308 Persians, 223 personal communication, 299, 303 personality, 59–61 Personality Approach, 11 persuasion, 54 Philo of Byzantium, 223 photovoltaic, 270 pioneer entrepreneur, 195 platform concept, 192, 205, 207, 209 Platon, 33 policy reform, 137 pool-effect, 208 portfolio way of thinking, 252 positioning, 185 practicality, 203 preference for disorder, 12 prefrontal cortex, 37, 40 press, 61, 100, 139, 146, 240 pressure of adoption, 304 pretechnical evaluation, 178 problem-based learning, 83 problem finding, 10, 13 problem(s), 237 define a, 238 non-routine, 238 perception of a, 238 resolve the, 238 routine, 238 b2590_Subject index.indd 390 searching for solutions, 238 solving, 13, 57–59, 65 procedural autonomy, 160 process, 15, 100, 240, 352, 356 process innovation, 334 product, 15, 100, 352 complexity, 205 concept, 197, 200 innovation, 335 life cycle, 204, 300–302 management approach, 199 penetration, 310 platform, 207 production modularization, 207 productivity, 14 project management, 86 project maths, 122, 128 promotionsrecht, 262 prototype, 107, 249, 252 proximity, 337 psychoeconomics approach/perspective, 119, 160 psychometric perspective, 160 psychopathology, 36 psychoticism, 36–37 public domain, 318 public policies, 335, 337 purchase probability, 305 Pyramid, 223 Q qualifications for innovation, 342 qualitative methods, 283 quality assurance, 86, 281 quality function deployment, 248 quantitative methods, 282 R radical innovation, 177, 360 radical vs incremental, 165, 169 RAT See Remote Association Test Rationalism, 3/1/2017 1:19:25 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice Subject Index 391 raw materials, 270 R&D, 19, 77, 166, 266, 332 reactive strategy, 356 receptive side, 34–35 reductionist approach, 38–39 reduction of complex systems, 204 reference market innovations, 195 regional and national innovation systems, 336–337 registered community design, 327 Remote Association Test (RAT), 13 Renaissance, 224 renewable energy, 270 representation of the problem, 241 research infrastructure, 258, 273 in Germany, 264 in Spain, 266 resistance, 119 resources, 160, 246, 251 resources and skills, 164 responsive strategy, 356 restructuring, 14 retrieval, 14 revolutionary science, risks, 248 risk-taking, 12, 243 rocket science, 219 Rogers, 299, 302, 306 Romans, 223 Romanticism, RWTH Aachen University, 265 S safety, 203 saturation phase, 301 Schennen, 320–322 schizophrenia, 12, 36–37, 40 schizotypy, 36–37 School 2.0 Program, 351 school kills creativity, 104 Second Industrial Revolution, 226–227 self-acceptance, 12 self-autonomous learning, 286 b2590_Subject index.indd 391 self-concept, 17–18 self-confidence, 12 self-determination theory, 161 self-efficacy, 21, 124–125, 130 semi-virtual education/learning, 122, 146 service sector, 259, 271 services-oriented economy, 268 sharing economy, 341, 354 skimming price strategy, 306–307 small and medium enterprises, 267, 269 smart factory, 228 smartphones, 228 social cognitivism, 120–123 metacognitive skills, 120 self-efficacy, 120 self-regulation, 120 social dimension of creativity, 250, 253 social domain, 62–64 social pressure, 302, 304, 306 social proximity, 337 sociocultural approach, 15 sociotechnical regimes, 339 source identifier, 319 space and time, 246 space flight, 219 Spanish educational system, 139 spatial scales, 336 special abilities, 40 speed the market, 185 spin-off, 260, 267 Sputnik Shock, 229 stage-gate innovation processes, 333 stage-gate system, 247 stages of innovation, 158 stakeholders, 338 standardization of platforms, 205 startup company, 232 start-ups, 342 steam engine, 226 Stockmaier, 318 stock of experience, 304 Stone Age, 222 strategies for reducing complexity, 205 3/1/2017 1:19:25 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice 392 Subject Index strategies of standardization, 205 structural imaging, 39 student engagement, 141 subconscious, 14 subconscious mental processes, 239 subjective criteria, 57 subjective methods, 284 suggestive mark, 323 Summary Innovation Index (SII), 272 summative evaluation, 283 superior temporal gyrus, 40 supply chain, 205 surprise, 108 sustainability, 338, 340 sustainable creativity, 294 sustainable development, 289 sustainable society, 101 synergies, 206 synthesis, 14, 58 systematic Also see “systems models of creativity” systems models of creativity, 16, 74, 126, 162, 294, 349–350 Componential Theory of Creativity, 74 Investment Theory of Creativity, 74 Theory of Organizational Creativity, 74 systems thinkers, 241 T T’s of economic development, 51 take risks, 354 task conflict, 77 team, 78–79, 88, 243 teamwork, 231, 258, 294 technical screening, 178 Technische Universität München, 265 technological innovation systems, 337 technological progress, 195 technological revolution, 226 technology imperative, 106 technology push model, 162–163 b2590_Subject index.indd 392 telecommunications, 268 temporal diffusion of innovations, 334 10 years rule, 14, 22 tertiary education, 145 tertiary sector, 269, 271 theories of creativity, 160, 162 theory of economic development, 195 theory-practice curriculum approach, 105 the structure and systems of organizations, 164 thinking analogical thinking, 13–14 skills, 13 Third Industrial Revolution, 228, 258 tolerance of ambiguity, 12–13 Total Involvement Management, 87, 293 trademark, 318–319, 321 law, 314, 359 protection, 319–322 rights, 319 trade-offs, 340 trade secrets, 315 training in media, 105 trajectory of performance, 309 transdisciplinarity, 78 transformation, 58 transnational linkages, 337 TRIZ, 245 truth, 108, 253 Tryptophane Hydroxylase TPH1, 37 TPH1, 37 TU Dresden, 265 types of creativity artistic, 7, 250 emotional, 65 incremental, 163 non-verbal, 65 radical, 163 verbal, 65 types of innovation, 349 administrative, 166 architectural, 166 disruptive, 309 3/1/2017 1:19:25 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice Subject Index 393 exploitative, 349 exploratory, 349 incremental, 349 modular, 166 product and process, 166 radical, 349 radical vs incremental, 166 technological, 166 verification, 57–58, 240 virtual learning, 108, 260 visual thinking, 252 Vitruvius, 223 vocational education, 261 Vocational Education and Training (VET), 145 vocational school, 261 vocational training, 146, 259 U umbrella concept, 21–22 UN Competency Development Guide, unconscious, 14 UNESCO, 110 uniformity of systems, 205 uniqueness, 184 United Nations, 271 United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), 321 unregistered community design, 327 usability test, 249 useful/appropriate, 34, 55, 80 user-driven adventure learning environment, 122, 129 users, 247 needs of, 248 experience, 141, 244 V value-added processes, 191 value creation processes, 10, 193, 195, 205 b2590_Subject index.indd 393 W Wallas’ four-stage model, 57 waves of creativity studies, 5, 11, 22, 349 We-paradigm, 16 wind energy, 270–271 wind turbines, 271 work climate, 22 workload pressure, 164 World International Property Organization (WIPO), 10 World War I, 227–228 X X-Mind, 242 Y 10 years rule, 44 Z Zeitgeist, 55, 62 3/1/2017 1:19:25 PM ... is the collection of studies of some of the instructors of the program about the theories and best practices of management of creativity and innovation in their fields The management of creativity. .. b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice Chapter Creativity and Innovation: Basic Concepts and Approaches Min Tang 1.1 Introduction Creativity and innovation. .. 1:04:56 PM b2590 Handbook of the Management of Creativity and Innovation: Theory and Practice Creativity and Innovation: Basic Concepts and Approaches problem solver Creativity and innovation both