Sixth Edition The Handbook of Logistics and Distribution Management Alan Rushton, Phil Croucher, Peter Baker Contents Cover Title Page Contents List of figures List of tables About the authors Preface PART ONE Concepts of logistics and distribution 01 Introduction to logistics and distribution Introduction Scope and definition Historical perspective Importance of logistics and distribution Logistics and supply chain structure Summary 02 Integrated logistics and the supply chain Introduction The total logistics concept Planning for logistics The financial impact of logistics Globalization and integration Integrated systems Competitive advantage through logistics Logistics and supply chain management Summary 03 Customer service and logistics Introduction The importance of customer service The components of logistics-related customer service Two conceptual models of service quality Developing a customer service policy Levels of customer service Measuring customer service Service level agreements The customer service explosion Summary 04 Channels of distribution Introduction Physical distribution channel types and structures Channel selection Outsourcing channels Summary 05 Key issues and challenges for logistics and the supply chain Introduction The external environment Manufacturing and supply Logistics and distribution Retailing The consumer Summary PART TWO Planning for logistics 06 Planning framework for logistics Introduction Pressures for change Strategic planning overview Logistics design strategy Product characteristics The product life cycle Packaging Unit loads Summary 07 Logistics processes Introduction The importance of logistics processes Logistics process types and categories An approach to process design and redesign Tools and techniques Summary 08 Supply chain segmentation Introduction Product segmentation Demand and supply segmentation Marketing segmentation Combined segmentation frameworks Two-tier supply chains Implementation Summary 09 Logistics costs and trade-off analysis Introduction The role of distribution centres and warehouses Cost relationships Summary 10 Logistics network planning Introduction A planned approach or methodology Initial analysis and option definition Logistics modelling: logistics options analysis Evaluate results, develop implementation plan Practical considerations for site search Summary 11 Logistics management and organization Introduction Logistics relationships with other corporate functions Logistics organizational structures Organizational integration The role of the logistics or distribution manager Payment schemes The selection of temporary staff and assets Summary 12 Omnichannel fulfilment Introduction Issues Food retailing Non-food retailing Summary 13 Manufacturing logistics Introduction Typology of operations Manufacturing resource planning (MRPII) Material requirements planning (MRP) The MRP system Flexible fulfilment (postponement) The effects on distribution activities Future developments Summary PART THREE Procurement, inventory and demand forecasting 14 Procurement and supply Introduction The procurement cycle The scope of procurement Setting the procurement objectives Managing the suppliers Expediting Procurement performance measures Collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment Factory gate pricing E-procurement Corruption Summary 15 Inventory: the basic concepts Introduction The need to hold stocks Types of stockholding/inventory Stockholding policy implications for other logistics functions Inventory costs Reasons for rising inventory costs Inventory replenishment systems The reorder point and safety stock The bullwhip or Forrester effect The economic order quantity Summary 16 Inventory and the supply chain Introduction Problems with traditional approaches to inventory planning Different inventory requirements The lead-time gap Inventory and time Analysing time and inventory Summary 17 Inventory planning and demand forecasting Introduction Inventory planning horizons Demand forecasting Qualitative forecasting methods Quantitative forecasting methods Inventory planning for manufacturing Inventory planning for retailing Summary PART FOUR Warehousing and storage 18 Principles of warehousing Introduction The role of warehouses Warehouse operations Costs Packaging and unit loads Summary 19 Storage and handling systems (palletized) Introduction Pallet movement Pallet stacking Palletized storage Palletized storage – comparison of systems Rack safety Summary 20 Storage and handling systems (non-palletized) Introduction Small item storage systems Truck attachments Long loads Cranes Conveyors Automated guided vehicles Hanging garment systems Summary 21 Order picking and packing Introduction Order picking concepts Order picking equipment Sortation Picking area layout Pick face size Slotting Pick routes Information in order picking E-fulfilment Picking productivity Replenishment Packing Summary 22 Receiving and dispatch Introduction Receiving processes Dispatch processes Cross-docking Returned goods Receiving and dispatch equipment Layouts Yard management Summary 23 Warehouse design Introduction Strategic issues affecting warehousing Design procedure Design of specialist warehouses Summary 24 Warehouse management and information Introduction Operational management Information technology Summary PART FIVE Freight transport 25 International logistics: modal choice Introduction Relative importance of the main modes of freight transport Method of selection Operational factors Transport mode characteristics Consignment factors Cost and service requirements Aspects of international trade Summary 26 Maritime transport Introduction Structure of the industry Common shipping terms Surcharges Documentation Vessel classification and certification Common ship types and their cargoes Ports and cargo handling Other factors Summary 27 Air transport Introduction Structure of the industry Air cargo handling Types of air freighter Documentation Air hubs and spokes Air freight pricing Air cargo security Summary 28 Rail and intermodal transport Introduction Intermodal equipment Intermodal vehicles Intermodal infrastructure Mode shift grant schemes Rail transport Summary 29 Road freight transport: vehicle selection Introduction Main vehicle types Types of operation Load types and characteristics Main types of vehicle body The wider implications of vehicle selection Vehicle acquisition Summary 30 Road freight transport: vehicle costing Introduction Reasons for the use of road freight transport vehicle costing Road transport costing – key information required Vehicle standing costs Vehicle running costs Overhead costs Costing the total transport operation Whole life costing Vehicle cost comparisons Zero-based budgets Direct product profitability ‘wiggle factor’ 584, 592 routine purchases 227–28 running costs, vehicle 513, 535, 548–50, 552 safety in distribution 778–80 health and safety 778–80, 787 equipment 779–80 personnel 780 working environment 779 legislation and regulation 780, 787 racking 324–25 safety stock 197–99, 240, 247–49 said to contain (STC) 621 sales turnover and cost percentage 13 satellite communications 750 satellite depots and operations 634 satellite tracking 574, 750, 757–58, 774 savings method for routeing and scheduling 581 scenario planning 386 scheduling, manual 586–93 scissor lift tables 376 scope for outsourcing 661–63 SCOR model 706–07 sea freight transport 431–32 and see maritime freight transport, intermodal transport, international freight forwarding seasonality/seasonal stock 193, 238, 241, 254, 408, 638 seasonal demand fluctuations 193, 238, 274, 408 secondary transport/ distribution 564–65, 631 and see road freight transport, delivery sector expertise, outsourcing 689 secure boxes 96 Secure Freight Initiative (SFI) 767 security air cargo 481–82 ‘black swan event’ 768 distribution centre 775–80 closed circuit television (CCTV) 776 fencing 775 gates 775–76 intruder alarms 776 lighting 777 location 775 personnel 777–78 security guards 776 international 765–67 Advanced Manifest Regulations (AMR) 767 Container Security Initiative (CSI) 766–67 Customs-Trade Partnership against Terrorism (C-TPAT) 766 Free and Secure Trade (FAST) 766 Secure Freight Initiative (SFI) 767 journey management 774 maritime 465–66 personnel 772–74, 777–78 supply chain vulnerability 76, 767–69 strategic 767–69 tactical 769–78 vehicle and driver 523, 563, 769–74 alarms 770–72 driver behaviour 772–73 immobilisation 770 journey management 774 satellite tracking 563, 574, 774 vehicle keys 769–70 windows 770 segmentation 133–41 customers 122, 126, 137–38 demand 135–37 implementation 140–41 marketing 126, 137–38 product 122, 133–35 supply 135–37, 227–28 supply chain 133–41, 194–99 two-tier 139–40 selection process, outsourcing 659–83 selection of vehicles 513–537 selective catalytic reduction (SCR) 524 selling space maximization 90 semi-trailers see trailers service see also customer service advantages and disadvantages, outsourcing 652–53 aspects of outsourcing contract 693 cost 149 and cost requirements, international logistics 437–38 extended (customer) service model 39–41 gaps 39–41 leader 28–29 level agreement (SLA) 52–54, 693 level requirements 46–47, 428 for outsourcing 625–44 parts logistics 120–121 service perspective for outsourcing 647, 648–49 policy development 41–48 process types 203 quality gap 38–41 quality models 38–41 reliability 438 services available, outsourcing 633–40 set-up cost 244 seven ‘rights’ of customer service 35–36 seven ‘wastes’ (JIT) 27, 206 Seventh Environmental Action Programme (EU) 784–85 share schemes 184 shared user 647–48 shelf modules-to-picker systems 351 shelving mobile 330 short and long span 328–30 ship to shore gantry crane (SSGC) 491, 493 ship types see maritime freight transport shippers load, stow and count (SLAC) 620–21 shipping lines 448 terms 429, 449–453 ships agency 607 ships agents 448, 607 shopping from home see home shopping shortage costs 244 shrink wrapping 299 shuttle racking 311–13 shuttle storage system 333 side loaders 338 simulation 166 single task benchmarking 737 site search and considerations 170–72 Six Sigma 207 six step plan for customer service strategy 42–48 skeletal trailer 499–500 SLAM technology 308 slip-sheets 336, 374 slotting 360 slow onset disasters 814 slow-moving goods centre 194–95 small parcels carriers 60 ‘smart’ glasses 363 SME companies 12 software packages for routeing and scheduling 596–98 see routeing and scheduling sortation 356–58 sortation centre 293, 371–73 sortation systems 356–58 sorters bomb-bay 356 cross-belt 357 pocket 358 sliding shoe 356 tilt-tray 357 sourcing models 165 space utilization of vehicles 569 spatial data for routeing and scheduling 590–92 spare parts 239 and see service parts logistics specialist value added outsourcing services 634, 640–43, 653 special types general order (STGO) 525 specification, product 224 speculative stock 240 speed 431–32, 433, 438, 636 splitter trailer 500, 501 spot hire 536–37, 639 sprinklers 325 ‘square root law’ 197, 241 stacker cranes 320–23 stacking, block 309–10, 337 standing costs 543–48, 552 staff drivers 777–78 temporary 187–89, 777–78 warehouse 777–78 staffing level calculations 400, 408 stem distance 148 stepped measured daywork 183 steps for manual routeing and scheduling 588 steps required for operating control system 715–16 stillage 299–300 stock see also inventory cycle 239 and distribution centres 193–200 integrity 410 in-transit 447 levels 240–41 opening (MRP) 210, 212, 278 outsourced 630 reasons for holding 143–44, 238–39 safety 197–99, 240, 247–49 seasonal 238, 241 speculative 240 types of 239–41 visibility 77–79, 233, 264–5 working 239 stock-holding implications for other logistics functions stock-keeping unit (SKU) 135 stockless/transhipment depots 294, 567 stocks, finished product 205–208, 239 stocks, the need to hold 238–39 storage see also racking (and specific equipment) comparison of pallet systems 323–25 costs 145–147 location utilization 323–24 long loads 336–39 palletized 309–26 small item 328–35 space utilization 323–24 Storage Equipment Manufacturers Association (SEMA) 325, 409 straight-line method of depreciation 544–45 strategic items, procurement 227–28 partnerships 227–28, 264 planning 103–106 routeing and scheduling 579, 588–93 security measures 767–69 strategic rail freight interchanges (SRFI) 502–03 strategy see also corporate strategic planning corporate 103–106 customer service 41–49 logistics 106–9, 156–72 methodology for logistics and distribution 156–72 six step plan for customer service strategy 42–48 strengths and weaknesses, rail 509–10 stretch wrapping 299 structure, design of organizational 108–109, 175–77 logistics and supply chain 14–15, 30–31, 243 organizational 175–77 process driven 178 silo-based 177 traditional for logistics 176–77 sub-optimization 18 substitutability of a product 111, 429 suezmax 462 supervision required for different payment schemes 186 supplier relationships 229–233 suppliers, choosing and managing 229–233 how many? 229–30 mode of transport used by 226 partnership or adversarial approach 230–31 supplies, origin of 225–26 supply segmentation 135–37, 227–28 supply points 430 supply chain adding value to the 265 agile 78–79, 135–37, 140–41 definition event management 758 globalization 25–26 humanitarian aid 812 information and communication technology (ICT) see information and communication technology (ICT) integration 25–26 leagile 136 lean 135–37, 140 management 30–31 management systems 753–54 mapping 265–66 partnerships 264 planning (SCP) 20–23, 278–79 as pipeline 263 scope segmentation 126, 133–41 two-tier 139–40 vulnerability 76, 767–69 supply logistics see procurement surcharges, shipping see maritime freight transport survey, customer service 43–48 suspended compartments 331 swap-bodies 489 SWOT analysis 105 ‘symbol’ groups 59 system costs 149 systems applications for transport 574–75, 756–58 communications 428 design for logistics information systems 108 enterprise-wide 752–53 format for benchmarking 731–36, 739–46 information see information and information and communication technology (ICT) thinking 201 warehouse management (WMS) 412–19 tachograph analysis 573–74 tactical planning 20–22, 268 tactical security measures 769–78 tankers, road 526–27 tanktainer 487 targets , customer service 51–52 tariff structure of RFP 680 taxes and duties for international transport and logistics 441, 610–11 tax and licences, vehicle 546 telematics 574–75, 757–58 telesales/call centres and outsourcing 633 temperature control regimes 133–34, 194, 402 warehouse design 402–03 warehouse loading 371 temporary staff 187–89, 778 temporary vehicles 189 tender evaluation and comparison 671–75 tendering process, procurement 227–28 terminal handling 464–65 terminals, international intermodal see intermodal transport termination clause of contract 682 terms of sale 429 terms of trade 441–43 test marketing 254 TEU 452, 458 theft of or from vehicles 769–74 third-party logistics (3PL) see outsourcing ‘through flow’ configuration 378–80 through transit 436 tilt body 528–29 time based process mapping 129–130, 265–66, 279–80 compression 279–80 constrained products 112 definite services 640 and inventory 262–66 periods 161 sensitive 78 series models 274–75 to market 92 to react 92 to serve 92 tipper 529, 531 tipping (container) 499–500 tools and techniques for logistics network planning 155–72 for logistics process analysis 124–31 top hats 320 total logistics concept (TLC) 17–20 total logistics costs 11, 151–52 total operation benchmarking see benchmarking total quality management (TQM) 207 tote bins 300 automated loaders 376 totes-to-picker systems 350 Toyota Toyota manufacturing system 78, 206 Toyoterism 206 tracking, vehicle/trailer/load 574, 774 tractors see vehicles trade agreements 439–40, 609 trade barriers 427 trade, aspects of international 438–44 trade-off analysis 18, 152–53, 243–44 trade-offs between dedicated and multi-user distribution services 645–49, 652–53 trade-offs, cost 18, 152–53, 243–44 trading/transaction channel 62 traffic information systems 575 traffic light assessment, outsourcing 674–75 trailers 514 box van 527–28 double-decked 518 draw-bar 518 extendable trailer 500 piggyback 497, 498 RoadRailer® 489–90, 497 semi-trailer 514 skeletal road 499–500 splitter 500–01 tipping 499–500 unaccompanied 496 train operating companies (TOCS) 506 transaction elements of customer service 36–37 Transfer of Undertakings: Protection of Employment (TUPE) (UK) regulations 652, 679–80 transport, intermodal see intermodal transport transport see also road freight transport, maritime freight transport, air freight transport, rail and intermodal transport, international freight forwarding, international logistics components costs 145–52 mode characteristics, international logistics 431–36 mode used by supplier 226 transhipment depots 294, 629 trend line 274 triangle, process 122 triple exponential smoothing 276 trolleys 346 trucks see also vehicles articulated, fork-lift 307, 314, 318, 338 attachments for lift trucks 335–37, 339 automated lift trucks 303–04, 308 double reach lift trucks 316 driverless lift trucks 303–04, 308 emissions, lift trucks 409 see also emissions fork-lift, counterbalanced 305–07, 374 hand pallet 301 high-level picking 348–49 low-level picking 346 management, lift trucks 418–19 multi-directional lift trucks 338 narrow-aisle 316–18 order picking 346–49 powered pallet 301–02, 374 reach 307–08 robotic lift trucks 308 semi-automated picking 347 side-loaders 338 stacker 305 with telescopic booms 307 true distance method 584 trunking operations see road freight transport, primary tugs tug boat 464 warehouse 303 two-tier supply chains 139–40, 464 types of cargo 436–37 types of customer service study 41–44 types of distribution centres (DCs) 144–45, 291–94 types of outsourcing operation, dedicated or multi-user 645–49, 652–53 types of road freight transport 563–65 tyre usage 797 ‘U’ flow configuration 378–80 ultra large crude carrier (ULCC) 462 UN Humanitarian Response Depots (UNHRD) 818–19 unaccompanied trailers 490–91, 496 unit, cost 542 unit load devices (ULD) 471–72, 605, 632 unit loads 298–300, 327–28, 437 and logistics 113–114 and vehicle utilization 570 unit of measure 160 unit price contract 668 unreliable schedules and vehicle utilization 570 upstream US cargo security 765–67 utilization factors, road freight transport 568–72 for routeing and scheduling 592–3 for road freight vehicles 568–72 utilization of vehicles 568–72 valuable loads 526 value added cost 15 value added services, specialist for outsourcing 640–43, 653 value adding time 265 value advantage 28–29 value density 109–11, 134–35 value/time analysis 127–29 value of a product 11, 110–11, 134–35 value to weight ratio 110–11, 134–35, 429 van deliveries 527–28 variable costs 543 and see vehicle running costs variance analysis 711 variety of final products 79 vehicle see also vehicles, road freight transport access 521, 536 acquisition 536–37 alarms 523, 770–72 ancillary equipment 522 articulated 514 double-bottomed 516–17 bodies see bodies, vehicle cab types 522 choice and vehicle utilization 571 configuration 521–22 combination running 519 and composite operations 519 cost comparisons 555–56 costing: reasons for 539–41 costing, road freight transport 539–59 costs 539–59 see also road freight transport, cost, costs, costing depreciation 543–46 draw-bar 518 economy 513, 522 efficiency 513 eight-wheeled rigid 519–20 emissions 524, 803–04 environmental impact, reduction of 523–24 excise duty 547 fixed costs 543 and see vehicle standing costs fleet administration 573 fleet costing 573 fleet management 572–74 and fuel type 514, 521 see also alternative fuels goods vehicle 514 heavy goods 516 immobilization 770 in-cab systems 574 insurance 547 interest on capital 547–48 journey management 774 keys 769–70 large goods vehicle (LGV) 516 leasing 536–37 legality/legislation 514, 522, 535 load types 524–27 loading methods 369–82, 521 maintenance 535, 550, 563 motor vehicle 514 oil and lubricants 549, 797 on-board navigation 575 operation, types of 516–24 operator’s licence 514, 547 overhead costs 550–51, 552 parts control 572–73 performance 535, 574 planning aspects for RFT 562–63 primary transport (line-haul) 147, 516, 516, 564, 567 product characteristics 109–112, 520–21 purchase 536 rental agreements 537 repairs and maintenance 535, 550, 563 replacement 563 restraints 378 restrictions at delivery/loading point 521 rigid 514 road train 516–17 routeing and scheduling 577–98 and see routeing and scheduling running costs 513, 522, 548–50, 552 security 523, 563, 769–74 selection 513–37 semi-trailer 514 standing costs 543–48, 552 tachograph analysis 573–74 tax and licences 546 terrain to be covered 521 tracking, vehicle/trailer/load 563, 574, 774 trailer 514 see also trailers types, main 514–24 utilization 568–72 difficulties of achieving 570–71 improvement opportunities 571–72 measures/assessment 568–69 variable costs 543 and see vehicle running costs windows 770 vehicles see also vehicle, road freight transport articulated 514 double-bottomed 516–17 environmental improvement in 523–24, 795–98 and hazardous goods 111, 527 heavy goods (HGVs) 516 heavy loads 525 special types general order (STGO) 525 intermodal see intermodal transport and international operations 432 and see air freight transport, intermodal transport, maritime freight transport, rail freight transport light loads 524–25 liquids and powders in bulk 526 low loader 531 mixed loads 526 rigid 514 temporary hire 187–89, 536–37 ‘tipper’ 529 valuable loads 526 volumetric loads 524–25 vendor-managed inventory (VMI) 90, 222–23, 282, 284 verified gross mass (VGM) 451 vertical carousels 331–33, 350 vertical lift module 331–32 very large crude carrier (VLCC) 462 vessel classification and certification see maritime freight transport virtuous circle of time compression 281 vision picking technology 363, 416–17 voice picking 362–63, 416–18 volume to weight ratio 109–110, 429, 450, 479 see also weight or measure vulnerability, supply chain 76, 767–69 ‘W’ questions for outsourcing 661–63 waterborne freight grant scheme (WFGS) 503 war risk surcharge 454 warehouse see also distribution centre, depot capacity planning 407–08 chilled 402–03 communication and information 412–19 components 5, 294–98 control and information systems 407–20 control system (WCS) 412–13 costs 145–47, 298, 400 dangerous goods 403–04 data capture and transmission 414–18 definition 293–94 depreciation 386 design business requirements 383–86, 401 constraints 384–6 data: defining, obtaining and analysing 386–88 environmental aspects 394–95,795–98 flexibility 397–98 legal and local authority requirements 384, 386, 409 parking areas 378, 388, 397 planning base 388–90 planning time horizon 20–23, 387, 389 procedure 384–401 scenario planning 386, 401 simulation 335, 399–401 strategic factors 383–84 systems requirements 397, 755–56 time profile 391–92 warehouse flow diagram 388–90 environmental improvement of 795–97 equipment evaluation 323–25, 392–94 quantity calculations for 398–400 safety 779–80 execution system (WES) 413 floor areas 296–97 flow diagram 295–97 frozen goods 402–03 functions and material flows 293–97 hazardous goods 111, 403–04 health and safety issues 324–25, 409, 778–80 high-bay 292, 296, 320 layout external 378–82, 396–97 internal 395–96 legislation and regulation for safety 384, 386, 409, 780 location utilization 309–10, 323–24 low–bay 296 management 407–12 management systems (WMS) 412–19, 755–56 operational parameters 411–12 operations 294–98 outsourcing 386, 629–30, 634–35 performance 409–12 project implementation 401 rack clad 320, 402 refrigerated 402–03 resource utilization 410 role of 88–89, 143–45, 292–94 safety 324–25, 409, 778–80 security see security service levels 409–12 service types, outsourcing space utilization 323–24 staff payment schemes 182–87 staffing 400, 408 stock integrity 410 temperature controlled 402–03 types of 143–44, 291–94 unit loads to be used in 298–300 workload planning 408 waste elimination of 206 legislation (UK) 787–88 waste management 787–88 Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive 641, 786 wasted time, elimination of 206 water pollution 786 weekly demand peaks 638 weight characteristics of products 109–11, 429 weight or measure 450, 479 weight utilization of vehicles 569 what computer routeing and scheduling packages can 594–96 ‘what-if’ planning in logistics and transport 166–167, 579 and see corporate strategic planning what to measure against 710–14 whole life costing 552–55 wholesalers 59–60 why monitor? 703–04 ‘wiggle factor’ 584 working environment, safety 779, 783, 787 working stock 239 workload planning 408 Xerox approach to benchmarking 731 yard management 381–82 systems (YMS) 382 zero-based budgets 556–57 zone picking 344–45 Publisher’s note Every possible effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this book is accurate at the time of going to press, and the publishers and authors cannot accept responsibility for any errors or omissions, however caused No responsibility for loss or damage occasioned to any person acting, or refraining from action, as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by the editor, the publisher or the authors Note on the Ebook Edition For an optimal reading experience, please view large tables and figures in landscape mode First published in Great Britain and the United States in 1989 by Kogan Page Limited Second edition 2000 Third edition 2006 Fourth edition 2010 Fifth edition 2014 Sixth edition 2017 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licences issued by the CLA Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned addresses: 2nd Floor, 45 Gee Street London EC1V 3RS United Kingdom c/o Martin P Hill Consulting 122 W 27th Street New York, NY 10001 USA 4737/23 Ansari Road Daryaganj New Delhi 110002 India © Alan Rushton, Phil Croucher and Peter Baker 2017 The right of Alan Rushton, Phil Croucher and Peter Baker to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 ISBN 978-0-7494-7677-9 (print) ISBN 978-0-7494-7678-6 (ebook) British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number 2016961400 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Concepts of logistics and distribution 01 Introduction to logistics and distribution Introduction Scope and definition Historical perspective Importance of logistics and distribution Logistics and supply. .. Management, and Head of the DSU With the creation of the Cranfield Centre for Logistics and Transportation (later the Cranfield Centre for Logistics and Supply Chain Management, CLSCM) he became the. .. the Far East, the Middle East, North America, South America and Africa He has published widely and cowrote the original and subsequent editions of The Handbook of Logistics and Distribution Management,