Summary of Doctoral thesis: Management of internship activities of cadets at military officers-training colleges in the direction of competence development

Based on the practical and theoretical basis on management of practicing activities of cadets at military officers-training colleges in the direction of competence development. Accordingly, the thesis proposes measures to manage practicing activities of cadets at military officers-training colleges in the direction of competence development, improving the effectiveness of management of practicing activities so as to improve the quality of education and training at military officers-training colleges.

1 INTRODUCTION  1. Reasons to choose the topic of the thesis Internship   is   a  basic   form   of   teaching   with   a   very   important  position and role, contributing to the implementation of the educational  principle   "Learning   coupled   with   practice,   education   combined   with  working   and   production,   theory   attached   with   practice”   [49,   p.1].  Internship activities help cadets reinforce supplement and develop their  knowledge,   professional   skills;   political   qualities,   ethics,   lifestyles,  motivation, love of career according to objectives and requirements of  training. Management of cadet’s internship activities is a basic content of  educational management, helping the military officers­training colleges  to self­check and evaluate their training outcomes, thereby adjusting the  training programs and contents to  meet the requirements of building  military in each revolutionary period.  At   present,   management   of   internship   activities   of   cadets   in  general and of cadets at military officers­training colleges in particular  according to the orientation of competence development  has become a  basic   and   urgent   requirement   to   successfully   implement   the   Party’s  viewpoint   and   policies   in   educational   reforms   and   requirements   and  tasks  of  building  the  Army  and  protecting the Fatherland  in  the  new  situation  However,   until  now,   research   on  management   of  internship  activities of cadets at military officers­training colleges in the direction  of competence development is still a gap of theory and practice.                 In   theory,  although   there   have   been   many   researches   on  internship activities, management of internship activities of cadets, they  are mainly based on the traditional approach. In recent years, there have  been   some   approaches   according   to   modern   teaching   and   management  theories   such   as:   managing   by   objectives,   by   content;   by   functions,   by  synchronized quality approach  Some works following the above research  directions have pointed out the output standards, professional standards and  how   to   organize   and   manage   internship   activities   to   form   cadets   with  standards   of   knowledge,   techniques,   motives,   attitudes   to   meet   training  objectives   and   requirements   But   no   work   has   studied   intensively   and  systematically   on   management   of   internship   activities   of   cadets   in   the  direction of competence development. In particular, there is no work on  management of internship activities of cadets at military officers­training  colleges in the direction of competence development to perform the duties  and tasks of officers and military officers. Therefore, the study clarifies the  rationale and the approach in management of internship activities of cadets  at   military   officers­training   colleges   in   the   direction   of   competence  development is really an issue that needs to be clarified.  In practice, though, there have been innovations, but the quality  of  management of internship activities of cadets at military officers­training  colleges still has limitations and inadequacies such as: inadequate awareness;  unrealistic determination of objectives and contents of the Curriculum; short  practice   time;   simple   check   and   evaluation,   low   reliability,   favouring  encouragement As a result, when graduating from the university, there are  still   cadets   who   are   currently   not   performing  their   tasks   and   duties  effectively. The above situation raises the requirement of management  of internship activities of cadets at military officers­training colleges in  the direction of competence development.  From   the   above   reasons,   the   study   "Management   of   internship   activities   of   cadets   at   military   officers­training   colleges   in   the   direction   of   competence development" is a matter of practical and theoretical significance 2. Purposes and tasks of the research  * Purposes of the research Based on the practical and theoretical basis on management of  practicing   activities   of   cadets   at   military   officers­training   colleges   in   the  direction   of   competence   development   Accordingly,   the   thesis   proposes  measures to manage practicing activities of cadets at military officers­training  colleges   in   the   direction   of   competence   development,   improving   the  effectiveness of management of practicing activities so as to improve the  quality of education and training at military officers­training colleges * Tasks of the research The dissertation gives an overview of the research related to the  dissertation topic and identifies issues need addressing in the thesis The dissertation clarifies basic theoretical issues on management of  practicing activities of cadets at military officers­training colleges in the  direction of competence development The   dissertation   clarifies   practical   issues   on   management   of  practicing activities of cadets at military officers­training colleges The   dissertation   proposes   some   basic   solutions   to  manage  practicing activities of cadets at military officers­training colleges in the  direction of competence development The dissertation tests the necessity and feasibility of the proposed  solutions and experiments one of them 3. Subject, object, scope and scientific hypothesis  * Object  of the research:  Management of  training activities  at  military   officers­training   colleges   in   the   direction   of   competence  development * Subject of the research: Management of practicing activities of  cadets   at   military   officers­training   colleges   in   the   direction   of  competence development * Scope of the research In terms of content:  The thesis researches on the practical and  theoretical   issues   on  management   of   practicing   activities,   mainly   on  management   of   practicing   activities   of   graduation   of   officers­training  cadets,   tertiary   level   at   military   officers­training   colleges   The   thesis  proposes measures to manage practicing activities of cadets accessing to  management function In terms of object:  Managers, teachers, officials and cadets with  practicing activities of graduation at military officers­training colleges In   terms   of   survey   area:  Some    military   officers­training  colleges   and   units   in   the   North:   Political   Military   Officers­Training  College,   Army   Number     Officers­Training   College,   Commando  Military Officers­Training College; some units where cadets practicing  in Military Zone 3 In terms of time: Data and surveys are collected from 2013 to the  present * Scientific hypothesis In   the   recent   years,   management   of   practising   activities   of  cadets   at   military   officers­training   colleges   has   obtained   certain  achievements   However,   the   current   management   of   practising  activities   is   inadequate,   not   in   accordance   with   the   theoretical  development of education management and the reality. If the measures  of management with functional assessing combined with management  assessing   in   managing   practicing   activities   in   the   direction   of  competence   development  are   proposed,   then   it   will   contribute   to  improve the quality of education, meeting the army’s demands and tasks  in the new situation 4. Methodology and research method 4.1. Methodology: The thesis is based on the thorough understanding  of the materialist dialectics of Marxist­Leninist philosophy and Ho Chi Minh’s  thoughts   and   the   Communist   Party   of   Vietnam’s   view   on   education   and  training.  At   the   same   time,   it   bases   on   research   method   of   education  management and different ways of accessing, typically: the system­structure,  history ­ logics; approach to functions and approach to the standard outcome 4.2. Research method: The thesis uses different methods:  * Theoretical methods: Analysing, generalizing, and systemizing  the related documents.  *   Practical   methods:  Summing   up   experience,   observation,  survey questionnaire, and interview and experts constancy * Supportive methods: Method of using statistical mathematics,  Microsoft Xcel software and testing 5. New contributions of the research The dissertation builds up the theory on  practising activities and  management of practising activities of cadets at military officers­training  colleges in the orientation of competence development   The   dissertation   evaluates   and   analyses   the   actual   situation,  identifying the causes of achievements and limitations if the reality of  practising activities and management of practising activities of cadets at  military   officers­training   colleges   in   the   orientation   of   competence  development today The dissertation combines different ways to clarify the theoretical  frame of the thesis. On management of practising activities of cadets in  the   orientation   of   competence   development,   the   thesis   combines   the  access of management function (mainly) with management access The   dissertation   proposes     solutions   to   manage   practising  activities of cadets at military officers­training colleges in the orientation  of   competence   development   The   experimental   results   show   that   the  proposed measures are necessary and highly feasible 6. Theoretical and practical significance of the research 6.1. Theoretical significance The findings of the dissertation contribute to the development of  research on education management, practising activities and management  of practising activities of cadets at military officers­training colleges in the  orientation of competence development; proposing a system of practical  and feasible solutions to improve the effectiveness of practising activities  of  cadets   at   military   officers­training   colleges   in   the   orientation   of  competence development, contributing to improve the quality of education  and training at military officers­training colleges 6.2. Practical significance The thesis provides scientific arguments for leaders, commanders,  especially the managing officials, teachers and cadets at military officers­ training colleges to apply into managing practising activities of cadets in the  direction of competence development. Accordingly, it contributes to improve  the quality of training army officers and it can be used as references for  officials, teachers and cadets at military officers­training colleges in teaching,  researching and organizing management of practising activities 7. Structure of the thesis  The   thesis   includes:   Introduction,     chapters   (14   periods),  conclusions,   list   of   scientific   works   of   the   author   related   to   the  dissertation, list of references and Appendices Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO THESIS TOPIC 1.1. The works related to the thesis topic   1.1.1. The works related to practising activates There are some scientific works on the content and program of  practising activities, skills of practising for students before their apprentice  in   Soviet   Union   and   some   West   European   countries,   typical   authors:  Gutsev,   Ivanov,   Socolov,   O.A.Abdoullina (Soviet   Union);  N.M.Iacovalev,   Iu.K.Babansky (Democratic   Republic   of   Germany);  C.Denhec, F.Januskiewiez  (Poland) In America and Western countries, there are a number of works  training­program   transformation,   from   theory   preparation   to   practice,  typical  model:  “Professional  Development  School”;  the works  of  the  fund Carnegie, Annenberg and Ford in America (2001) conclude “The  programs of pedagogical practice need to focus on practice, apprentice  and model”. Students of California University ­ Davis in America along  with secondary school teachers conduct practising activities before the  school year: “Learning how to organize the class, preparing the teaching  plan and meeting students on the very first day of the school year”.  Typical works in Vietnam: “Pedagogical practice” by Nguyen  Dinh Chinh (1991);  “Pedagogical visiting and practice”  by   Nguyen  Dinh   Chinh   and   Pham   Trung   Thanh   (1998);:  “Nurturing   capacity   of  practising party work, political work of political officials­training cadets   at section level at Military Political Academy in the current period”  by  Nguyen Chinh Ly (2006); “Solutions to improve the quality of practising   at   local   units   for   political   instructors­training   cadets   at   Military   Officers­Training College” ̣  by  Trinh Xuan Loc (2010);  “Training the   skill of teaching for pedagogic students in the flexible assess in teaching   practice’’  by Nguyen Thi Nhan (2015);  “Developing career adapting   skill   through   practice   for   students   of   technical   college”  by   Nguyen  Thanh Long (2017) These   works   emphasize   the   role   of   practising   activities   in  consolidating knowledge, forming skills for students and cadets. However,  there   have   been   no   works   thoroughly   research   on   forming   necessary  competence   for   cadets,   students   in   organizing   practising   activities.  Notably, in military officers­training colleges, there have been no works  on   practising   activities   and   management   of   practising   activities   in   the  direction of competence development 1.1.2   The   works   related   to   training   and   management   of   practising activities in competence access  Competency­based training has been applied in America in the  field of career training since the 1970s ­ 1980s and has become a popular  model in education and then spread to Britain, Australia, New Zealand,  Canada, Germany, etc. In the end of the 20th century, competency­based  training   has   become   a   popular   trend   in   the   world   In   the   book  “Competence­based Assessment Techniques”, Shirley Fletcher (1995)  has   analysed   the   differences   in  competency­based   training   between  Britain   and   America   Roger   Harris,   Hugh   Guthrie,   Bary   Hobart,   and  David   Lundberg   (1995)   published   the   book:  “Competency­based  Education   and   Training:   Between   a   Rock   and   a   Whirlpool   South   Melbourne”; Thomas Deissinger and Slilke Hellwig (2011) published the  book:  “Structures and functions of competency­ based education and   training (CBET): a comparative perspective” In   our   country,   researches   on   training   in   the   direction   of  competence   development   first   appeared   in   the   field   of   career   training,  typical:  “Teaching   in   the   direction   of   competence   access   in   technical   pedagogic   universities”  (2012)   by  Cao   Danh   Chinh,  “Management   of  competence   training   for   construction   technical   careers   in   construction   colleges” (2014) by Dao Viet Ha; “Developing the teaching staff of technical   pedagogic universities the direction of competence access” (2016) by Nguyen  The Dan;  “Organizing seminars in teaching pedagogics in universities in   competence access” (2014) by Nguyen Thi Bich Lien There   are   some   typical   works   on   management   of   practising  activities   in   the   direction   of   competence   access:   My   Giang   Son,  “Management   of   pedagogical   practice   in   training   secondary   school   teachers   in   the   orientation   of   career   standard   of   secondary   school   teachers”  (2014);  Do  Thi   Thu   Hang  “Management   of   practising   activities of students of education management in accordance with the   standard outcome”  (2017); Do Van Hieu,  “Management of  students’   graduation   practising   activities   at   People’s   Security   Academy   in   the   assess of CIPO” (2017) 1.2  Brief overview  of research findings  of published  works   and issues for the thesis to deal with.  1.2.1 Brief overview of research findings of published works Firstly, many authors in the world and in the country have been  interested in studying issues related to internship activities with many  different approaches. The works all emphasize the position and role of  the internship activities in strengthening and supplementing knowledge  for students and trainees, contributing to improving the training quality  of the schools.   Secondly, studying issues related to capacity­based training is  currently a trend to attract the attention of countries in the world and  in   our   country  The   research   works  have   provided   important  theoretical   and   practical   issues   as   a   basis   for   determining   the  objectives,   methods   and   competence   development   of   learners   in  management   of   internship   activities   of   students   in   the   direction   of  competence development Thirdly,  in our country, regarding to study on management of  internship   activities   of   students   in   the   direction   of   competence  development, there are a number of works and dissertations in different  directions   They   are   works   that   are   directly   related,   contributing   to  providing theoretical and practical basis for the process of deployment  and research of the thesis Fourthly,  there   is   no   research   on  management   of   internship  activities of cadets at military officers­training colleges in the direction  of competence development to perform the responsibilities and duties of  officers, leaders and commanders in the Military units after graduation 1.2.2. Issues for the thesis to deal with Firstly,  clarify   the   objective   requirements   and   practical  significance   of   the   need   to   transfer   the   management   of   internship  activities   of   cadets   at   military   officers­training   colleges   from   the   old  form and content with too general targets, monotonous contents, general  inspection   and   evaluation     to   manage   internship   activities   in   the  direction of competence development.  Secondly,  continue   researching   to   supplement   and   clarify   the  concepts   of   tools   related   to   internship   and  management   of   internship  activities of cadets at military officers­training colleges; determine the  content and specify the factors that affect the management of internship  activities of cadets at military officers­training colleges in the direction  of competence development Thirdly,  be based on the objectives and training requirements  of  military officers­training colleges;   provisions   of   the   Ordinance   on  management   of   the   army;   practical   implementation   of   the  responsibilities   and   tasks   assigned   after   graduation   to   determine   the  standard   of   output   capacity   and   contents   of   the   orientation   of  competence development  of cadets at military officers­training colleges  as   a   basis   for   managing   and   evaluating   the    internship   activities   of  cadets   at   military   officers­training   colleges   in   the   direction   of  competence development.  Fourthly, in order to improve the quality of internship activities  and management of internship activities of cadets at military officers­ training   colleges   in   the   direction   of   competence   development,   the  dissertation must propose, analyse and clarify the system of measures for  management   of   internship   activities   and   management   of   internship  activities of cadets at military officers­training colleges in the direction  of competence development with practicality and high feasibility Fifthly,  organize  tests,   testing   measures  to  manage   internship  activities of cadets at military officers­training colleges in the direction  of competence development to prove the theory of the thesis Conclusion of Chapter 1 Overview of research projects related to internship activities and  management   of   internship   activities   has   affirmed   the   very   important  position and role of this issue for the training of skills and competence  development for cadets and trainees. However, until now, there has not  been   any   works   intensively   studying   the   management   of   internship  activities of cadets at military officers­training colleges in the direction  of competence development In the current trend of educational innovation today, it requires  the management of  internship activities of cadets at  military officers­ training   colleges   to   be   renewed   according   to   modern   approaches.  Therefore, the  study  clarifies  the  theoretical  and  practical  basis  and  proposes measures to manage internship activities of cadets at military  officers­training colleges in the direction of competence development as  an  urgent  issue  both  in  theory   and practice.  From  the  successes  of  relevant   research   projects   and   scientific   issues   that   have   not   been  resolved   thoroughly,   the   author   receives   and   determines   new  directions in the thesis development process.   Chapter 2 RATIONALE OF MANAGEMENT OF INTERNSHIP  ACTIVITIES OF CADETS AT MILITARY OFFICERS­ TRAINING COLLEGES IN THE DIRECTION OF  COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT 2.1   Theoretical   issues   of   internship   activities   of   cadets   at  military   officers­training   colleges   in   the   direction   of   competence  development 2.1.1. Internship and internship activities of cadets in military   officers­training schools *   Internship   is   content,   an   important   stage   of   the   training   program,   helping   learners   manipulates   the   knowledge,   skills   and   attitudes that have been accumulated in the learning process to solve the   situation   according   to   their   authority   and   tasks   to   be   assigned   after   graduation   to   strengthen,   supplement,   and   improve   the   quality   and   professional capacity according to training objectives and requirements Internship is content, a stage in the training program ranked  after the lectures. It is a planned activity with defined content, program  and   time   With   internship   activities,   learners   conduct   activities  according   to   responsibilities   and   tasks   they   will   undertake   after  graduation, under the direction and of faculty and instructors * Internship activities of cadets at military officers­training colleges Internship   activities   of   cadets   at   military   officers­training   colleges  are a positive and purposeful process of learners in order to   10 apply the knowledge, skills, attitudes and personality qualities that are   formed during the training process in solving tasks according to their   responsibilities  and  tasks  assigned  in   the   grassroots   units,   under   the   guidance and help of teachers and managers at schools and grassroots   units   to   develop   the   qualities   and   capabilities   according   to   training   objectives and requirement.   The   content   of  internship   activities   of   cadets   at   military  officers­training colleges  is  the  work  of   the  platoon  leader,  political  officers of company in the grassroots units to perform according to   the assigned responsibilities and tasks stipulated in Article 14. 15, 16,  17 "Soldier Management Ordinance". In particular, focus on a number of  main contents such as: organize military education and training activities  (technical, tactical activities); conduct Party and political activities in the  units (education, youth union and youth activities, emulation activities,  forums,   seminars   );   manage   and   maintain   strict   military   discipline;  organize units to improve life of soldiers; build good relationships in the  units;   coordinate   with   party   committees,   local   authorities   where   the  troops are stationed, etc 2.1.2. Capacity and orientation for competence development at   military officers­training colleges *   Capacity   and   orientation   for   competence   development   in   education and training Capacity   is   the   combination   of   the   knowledge,   skills   and   attitudes of individual responding to requirement of an activity, ensuring   that the activity achieves results according to the defined purposes Capacity   is   a   combined   quality   of   knowledge,   skills   and  attitudes   of   individuals   associated   with   a   certain   type   of   activity.  Capacity   formation   and   development   are   based   on   the   integrated  development   of   mind,   physiological   factors,   ensuring   that   individuals  have profound knowledge about the field of activity that they participate  in;   have   the   skills   to   practice   actions   in   accordance   with   the   nature,  characteristics, requirements and circumstances of the operation. At the  same time, there is a passionate attitude, hard work, high responsibility  for   the   operation   The   organic   combination   of   knowledge,   skills   and  attitudes   towards   operations   will   constitute   a   capacity   to   ensure  individuals quickly find ways and measures to carry out activities and  ensure activities to have results consistent with the defined purpose Competence development orientation in education and training   is a system of purposeful and organized impacts of schools and training   13 Management   contents:  Develop   plans   and   issue   guiding  documents;   organize   the   implementation   of   the   plans;   direct   the  participating   forces;   manage   conditions   to   ensure   that   internship  activities of cadets are in the direction of competence development.  Managing   methods:  a   combination   of   management   methods  including:   administrative   management;   education   and   retraining;  psychological preparation; motivation, encouragement and stimulation to  learners Management   conditions,   means   and   tools:  documents   of  military   commands   and   orders;   school   regulations;   regulations   and  process of organizing internship activities; the preparation for cadets and  the   assurance   of   facilities   for   the   cadets'   internship   activities;   the  coordination of the schools with the units of the cadets during internship 2.2.2   Contents   of   management   of   internship   activities  of   cadets   at   military   officers­training   colleges   in   the   direction   of   competence development *  Develop plans and  promulgate documents to  guide  cadet’s   internship activities in the direction of competence development *  Organize  the  implementation  of  internship  activities  in  the   direction of competence development *   Direct   the   participating   forces   to   implement   the   plan   of   cadet’s internship activities in the direction of competence development *   Ensure   conditions   for  cadet’s  internship   activities   to   take   place in the direction of competence development.  *  Check   and   evaluate  cadet’s  internship   activities   in   the   direction of competence development 2.3   Factors   affecting   the   management   of   internship  activities   of   cadets   at   military   officers­training   colleges   in   the  direction of competence development  2.3.1. Requirement for innovating  education and training in   the direction of competence development 2.3.2. Rules and regulations on internship activities            2.3.3. Places of internship, units of internship 2.3.4   Program   and   content   of   training   in   the   direction   of   competence development 14 2.3.5. Qualifications and experience in organizing internship   activities of managers and lecturers  2.3.6. Knowledge, skills and attitudes of cadets Conclusion of Chapter 2               In order to gain high efficiency in organizing and management  of   internship   activities   of   cadets   in   the   direction   of   competence  development,  the   one   hand,   it   is   required   to   inherit   good   ways   or  experiences   in   tradition   On  the   other   hand,   it   must   be   based   on  the  output capacity standard of cadets according to training objectives and  requirements in the direction of competence development and practical  tasks and responsibilities assigned to cadets after graduation to identify  the content of competence development orientation in a comprehensive  way including: professional capacity, method capacity, social capacity  and   individual   capacity   On   that   basis,   determine   the   objectives   and  contents   of   internship   activities;   formulate   and   organize   the  implementation   of   the   plan   of   internship   activities   of   cadets   in   the  direction   of   competence   development;   check   and   evaluate   internship  activities of cadets in the direction of competence development; ensure  the conditions of scientific implementation and high feasibility.  Management   of   internship   activities   of   cadets   at   military  officers­training colleges in the direction of competence development is  a   new   issue   and   affected   by   many   objective   and   subjective   factors.  Therefore, management entities must understand to make management  measures suitable for each object to achieve the highest quality Chapter 3 PRACTICAL BASIS OF MANAGING CADET’S INTERNSHIP  ACTIVITIES AT MILITARY OFFICERS­TRAINING  COLLEGES IN THE DIRECTION OF COMPETENCE  DEVELOPMENT 3.1.  Overview  of the  situation of  education and training  at  military officers­training colleges 3.1.1. Introduction of military officers­training colleges The military officers­training colleges are a part of the system  of military academies and schools, which are part of the state's higher  education system, playing an important role in the cause of military  education,   training   and   research   and   humanities   social   science   etc.  Currently, in the army, there are 11 military officers­training colleges of  15 graduate and postgraduate levels at section level with majors in politics  and advisory commanders *   Organizational   structure:  including  Board   of   Management,  functional   agencies   (departments,   committees),   and   faculties,   student  management   units   (system,   battalion,   class,   company,   and   platoon).  Party committees of military officers­training colleges are higher­level  party   organizations   than     Party   committees   at   grassroots   units,   Party  grassroots   organizations   are   established   at   agencies,   faculties   and  systems, battalions of cadets; mass organizations and military councils;  being   always   concerned,   meeting   the   requirements   of   education   and  training tasks, scientific researches and other tasks Functions   and   duties:  an   organization   with   legal   status,  performing   the   tasks   of   education   and   training,   scientific   research,  building   a   regular   military   school,   issuing   diplomas   and   certificates  according to regulations of the State and the Ministry of Defense Models   and   objectives:  Training   cadres   with   strong   political  bravery,   absolute   loyalty   to   the   Communist   Party   of   Vietnam,   the  Fatherland, and the people; determination to follow the socialist path,  sticking to the army's combat and construction career, being ready to  receive   and complete  the  assigned   tasks;  creative  thinking,   university  level   knowledge   and   military   skills   as   required   by   the   positions;  collective   democracy,   formal   and  solidarity   style;   morality,   a   healthy  lifestyle, modesty, needing to save integrity, being social with people,  attached to the masses; suitable health for the position of work 3.1.2. Characteristics of training cadets at military officers' schools * Cadets at military officers­training colleges: more outstanding  in age psychology, educational qualification, political quality, morality  compared to those of students at universities outside the army * Programs and contents of education and training:  built in  the direction of comprehensive development of qualities and capabilities  of military officers; there is a balance of both the theoretical content and  the   professional   practice;   attaching   academic   training   to   the   title   and  positions after graduation.  *Training organization: In the form of concentration, 100% of  cadets study and practice in the camp of the school; under 24/24 hour  supervision in accordance with the regimes of living, studying, training,  combat readiness according to the command of the army management;  16 The training period of the whole courses in commanding officer schools  of   combined   armies   and   armies   is   Particularly,   training   period   in  Political Officer School is 5 years.  3.2. Organization and method of studying the situation 3.2.1. General overview of organization and methods of research * Purpose of the survey: Collect practical and objective data on  the actual situation of internship activities and management of internship  activities of cadets at military officers­training colleges *  Contents  of the survey:  Situation of  awareness of internship  activities of cadets at military officers­training colleges; actual situation of  internship  activities   and management  of  internship  activities  and  factors  affecting   the   management   of   internship   activities   of   cadets   at   military  officers­training colleges in the direction of competence development *   Subjects,   time   and  scope   of   survey:  Surveying   786   subjects  including: 170 managers, teachers of military officers­training colleges,  516 cadets under their internship; 100 cadres where cadets have their  internship. Trial survey was from September to December 2016; Official  survey was from March 2017 to July 2018 in some military officers­ training colleges and units in the north.  3.2.2 Researching the situation The   actual   research   process   was   divided   into     phases:   trial  survey; official survey and data processing 3.2.3. Methods of research Using   a   combination   of   practical   research   methods   including:  Expert method; pedagogical observation method; Method of soliciting  opinions by questionnaires; Method of talking and discussing; Studying  summary reports; Methods of analysing product activities; Methods of  processing data by mathematical statistics 3.2.4. The way of processing data                In order to accurately assess the survey results, the thesis divided  evaluation results according to the criteria into 3 levels with the following  convention points: Good is 3 points (M1); The average is 2 points (M2);  Weakness is 1 point (M3) and using mathematical formulas including point  interval calculation (L); average score calculation ( ); Spearman correlation  coefficients (rs) to process and propose evaluation and observation.  3.3   Actual   situation   of   internship   activities   of   cadets   at  military   officers­training   colleges  in   the   direction   of   competence  development 17               3.3.1. Awareness about the role of internship               Survey results show that the respondents highly appreciated the  position and role of the internship activities. There are still disparities in  the   evaluation   results,   but   the   average   score   of   the   two   groups   of  managers,   teachers   and   officers   is   2.29   points;   the   group   of   cadets  achieved 2.31 points in fair good level.                3.3.2. Executing objectives of internship activities Survey   results   show   that:   evaluation   of   managers   and  teachers; officers on  achievement in targets of internship activities in  the direction of competence development is relatively similar, including  general and specific objectives. However, the results are not high, only  at the weak average level 3.3.3. The level of expression of cadet’s capacity according to   the content of competence development orientation The   survey   results   show   that   all   four   capabilities   were  understood and evaluated by managers and teachers; officers and cadets  quite relatively uniformly. This proves that the internship contents in in  the direction of competence development that  the  thesis surveyed are  appropriate, close to the responsibilities and tasks of the cadet’s position 3.3.4. Methods of organizing internships               In order to determine the optimal and effective practice method,  the thesis offered 3 basic internship methods and surveyed respondents.  The results show that the internship method was divided into 2 phases:  Phase 1 at the beginning of the third school year, the second phase at the  end of the fourth school year (for Political Officer Schools in the 4th and  5th school years) to be the most effective practice method  3.3.5 Check and evaluate the results of internship activities                The   survey   results   show   that   the   evaluation   of   respondents   is  relatively uniform; the average gap between the surveyed respondents is not  too far from each other. However, it only reached the weak average level.  3.4. Actual situation of management of internship activities  of   cadets   at   military   officers­training   colleges  in   the   direction   of  competence development 3.4.1. Basic advantages and limitations                Basic advantages  18 Firstly,  the   construction   of   internship   activities   is   relatively  detailed, creating favourable conditions for cadets to perform their duties  and tasks assigned according to training objectives and requirements                Secondly,  the organization of internship activities of cadets is  done relatively strictly, seriously at all stages, steps from preparing for  cadets before internship; organizing internship activities according to the  defined plan and achieving the set objectives and requirements; learning  experience after finishing internship, act                Thirdly,  instruction   to   internship   activities   of   cadets   is  conducted regularly through the leadership and commanding systems at  all   levels,   promptly   discovering   advantages,   limitations   and   problems  arising to take measures closely and accurately.                Fourthly, the check and evaluation of cadet’s internship activities are  in accordance with the guidelines of the Ministry and the regulations on  education and training of military officers­training colleges.                 Fifth,  the   military  officers­training   colleges  invest   and  equip  basic facilities to meet the requirements of internship activities, creating  conditions for cadets to perform their assigned duties and tasks at the  grassroots units.                Limitations and shortcomings  Firstly, awareness of a part of managers and teachers; officers  and  cadets  about  internship  activities   and  management   of  internship  activities are incomplete and uneven; some officials are still not close   in understanding and guiding cadets in their activities.                Secondly, some schools develop plans and organize internship  activities not strictly; not providing enough training to cadets before  their internship; the management and organization of implementation  of internship activities has not been directed regularly and strictly                Thirdly,  determination of target of  internship activities  is still  general and not comprehensive;  the  innovation in building  content of  internship   activities   in   the   direction   of   competence   development   is  slow;   methods   of   organizing  internship   activities   are  still   rigid,   the  internship time is still short, not enough for cadets to observe learn and  experience to meet the requirements of competence development Fourthly,  the system of documents directing the organization  of  internship  activities  of  the  Ministry  is old;  many contents  are  no  longer suitable with current requirements                Fifthly,  check and evaluation of results of internship activities  is subjective, simple, qualitative, there are no standards to evaluate each  content; forms of evaluation are not flexible 19 3.4.2. Causes of advantages and limitations * Causes of advantages                The military officers­training colleges have many measures to  raise the awareness and responsibilities of related forces in the process of  management of internship activities of cadets Managers have paid close attention to and coordinated in the  process   of   developing   plans,   organizing   and   directing   internship  activities                The   military   officers­training   colleges   and   units   have   been  invested   in   facilities   and   equipment   to   meet   the   requirements   of  internship activities.  * Cause of the limitations, weaknesses               The formulation of regulations and rules for internship activities  are   still   incomplete,   failing   to   meet   the   requirements   of   organizing  internship activities in the direction of competence development               Organization, direction and establishment of goals and content  of internship activities are still general; determination of the mode of  internship activities; inspection and assessment of internship activities  are still slow to innovate and lack of comprehensiveness                A   part   of   cadets   is   not   self­aware,   active   in   their   internship  activities. The training for cadets before internship at some schools has  not been respected and practical.                Some military officers­training colleges have not contacted and  coordinated   closely   with   the   grassroots   units   in   management   of  internship activities of cadets.                Facilities, equipment, model of learning tools, practice ground,  funding for internship activities are limited and not uniform 3.5.  Current situation  of factors affecting the management  of internship activities of cadets at military officers­training colleges  in the direction of competence development The   results   showed   that,   groups   of   surveyed   respondents   all  stated   that   the   impacts   of     elements   determined   by   the   thesis   to  management   of   internship   activities   of   cadets   at   military   officers­ training colleges  re relatively strong. In particular, the impact from  "qualification   and   experience   of   teachers   and   managers   in   organizing  internship   activities"  and   from   "qualifications,   20 knowledge,   skills   and  attitudes   of   cadets"  are   considered   to   be  the  two   most   influential   factors,   followed by the elements of  "Program  and content of training in the direction of competence development";   "Regulations, rules on internship activities" and "Internship places and   unit". Factor   of   fewer   impacts   is  "Requirement   for   innovation   of   education and training in the direction of competence development" Conclusion of Chapter 3                        Although   many   advantages   have   been   achieved,   the  management of cadet internship activities still has many shortcomings,  not keeping up with the development of theory and practice, failing to  meet   the   requirements   of   training   with   output   capacity   standards.  Management   of   internship   activities   of   cadets   at   military   officers­ training colleges in the direction of competence development  is a new  issue   that   needs   to   be   fully   recognized   and   carefully   resolved   The  results   of   surveying   actual   situation   of   internship   activities   and  management of internship activities of cadets at military officers­training  colleges   in   the   direction   of   competence   development  together   with  advantages, limitations and causes of the situation are an important basis  for   proposing   measures   to   manage   internship   activities   of   cadets   at  military   officers­training   colleges   in   the   direction   of   competence  development with efficiency and feasibility 21 Chapter 4 MEASURES AND TESTING OF MEASURES FOR  MANAGEMENT OF INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES OF CADETS  AT MILITARY OFFICERS­TRAINING COLLEGES IN THE  DIRECTION OF COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT  4.1. The system of measures for management of internship  activities   of   cadets   at   military   officers­training   colleges   in   the  direction of competence development              4.1.1. Educate to awareness and responsibility for managers   management   of   internship   activities  in   the   direction   of   competence   development                This is a measure to create the basis and premise for the next  measures. In order to well implement this measure, it requires managers  to have documents clearly defining the responsibilities and powers of the  concerned   forces;   regularly   direct   the   work   of   education,   thoroughly  grasp the position, role and the need to manage  internship activities  in  the direction of competence development; Actively coordinate with each  other to improve the effectiveness of management of internship activities  in the direction of competence development               4.1.2. Develop plans of internship activities in the direction of   competence development This is a measure of great significance, which is the basis for  unifying action and coordination of forces and means in the organization  of internship activities. In order to implement this measure, the Board of  Directors of each military officers­training college should closely guide  the   relevant   departments   in   the   process   of   developing   the   plan;   the  implementation of the plan must ensure consistency; the plan must be  consistent with the conditions and capabilities of each school and the  units where cadets are doing their internship.  4.1.3. Direct the renewal of the mode of organizing internship   activities   according   to   an   appropriate   and   scientific   process   with   orientations for competence development               This is a significant measure, directly related to other measures.  The   basic   content   of   the   measure   is   to   increase   the   number   of  internships,   the   internship   time   at   the   grassroots   units   from   1  time/session   to     times/session,   the   internship   time   is     to     weeks  22 higher   than   the   previous   one   and   organize   internship   according   to   a  scientific   process   suitable   to  competence   development   orientation   In  order to implement this measure, the military officers­training colleges  need   to:   Adjust   training   programs   and   content   in   the   direction   of  reducing the theory of increasing practice time; In the course of training,  it is necessary to clearly determine the output capability standards of the  subjects,   the   semesters   and   the   school   years   in   conformity   with   the  output capability standards; Clearly define the work to be done in the  stages and steps of the organization of internship activities; Organizing,  directing, inspecting, evaluating and summarizing internship activities in  accordance with competence development orientation               4.1.4. Ensure the conditions to improve the quality of internship                This measure aims to ensure conditions on regulations, training  programs, relevant documents, facilities; practice grounds and practice  units   to   support   internship   activities   effectively   In   order   for   the  implementation   of   this   measure   military   officers­training   colleges  should: Recommend and coordinate with the competent authorities of  the Ministry of Defense to add and complete regulation on organizing  internship   activities   of   cadets   in   the   direction   of   competence  development; Direct the renovation of training contents and programs  according to  competence development orientation; Plan to find sources  of   investment,   upgrading   facilities   to   serve   teaching   and   internship  activities of cadets in the direction of competence development; Closely  coordinate   with   grassroots   units   to   ensure   facilities,   equipment   and  policies for cadets.  4.1.5  Direct   the   renewal   of   methods   in   inspecting   and   evaluating results of internship activities of cadets in the direction of   competence development                This   is   an   indispensable   and   important   measure   for  management   of   internship   activities   of   cadets  in   the   direction   of  competence development. In order to well implement this measure, the  management subjects need: To direct the determination of principles and  the process of inspection and evaluation; Direct the functional agencies  and faculty members to develop criteria and standards for inspection and  evaluation;   determine   criteria   for   inspection   and   evaluation;   Well  organize   inspection   and   evaluation   activities   to   ensure   the   nature,  objectivity, reliability and comprehensiveness.  23 4.2. Surveying  the necessity and feasibility of the proposed  measures             4.2.1. General problems of surveying * Purpose of surveying: To confirm the necessity and feasibility  of   measures   in   management   of   internship   activities   of   cadets  in   the  direction of competence development. Thereby completing the measures  to suit the reality  * Contents and methods of surveying: find out the necessity and  feasibility of measures in management of internship activities of cadets  in   the   direction   of   competence   development  according   to   proposed  measures. Through surveys by questionnaires, the opinions are ranked as  follows: Very necessary, very feasible: 3 points; necessary: feasible: 2  points; Less necessary, less feasible: 1 point               4.2.2. Respondents                 Include   225   scientists,   education   management   experts,  managers, teachers and internship officers.                 4.2.3   Survey   results   on   the   necessity  and   feasibility   of  the  proposed measures                *   Assessing   the   necessity:  the   proposed   measures   have   the  evaluation   necessity   with   a   general   average   score   of   2.39   and   relatively  uniformly *   Assessing   the   feasibility:  the   measures   have   proposed   the  evaluation is highly feasible, with a general average score = 2.38 levels,  variation between measures from 2.29 to 2, 41 is relatively uniform * Assessing correlation between the necessity and feasibility of   measures:  Through verification by Specrman formula,   rs = 0,9 shows  the necessity and feasibility have tight and positive correlation, meaning  that the measures are both necessary and highly feasible 4.3. Experiment 4.3.1. Organizing experiment * The purpose of experiment: to verify the scientific hypothesis  and   at   the   same   time   evaluate   the   effectiveness   of   management   of  internship   activities   of   cadets  in   the   direction   of   competence  development. Due to legal conditions, the author only experimented the  method   of  "Direct   the   renewal   of  the   mode   of   organizing   internship   activities   according   to   an   appropriate   and   scientific   process   with   24 orientations for competence development" in order to improve quality of  management of internship activities of cadets * Experimental hypothesis: It is possible to improve the ability  of cadets to perform their assigned responsibilities and tasks at military  officers­training   colleges   via   internship   activities   if   applying   the  following   measures:  "Direct   the   renewal   of  the   mode   of   organizing   internship activities according to an appropriate and scientific process   with orientations for competence development”.  * Subjects and institution: Internship activities of cadets of 3rd  Battalion, School of Political Officers * Experiment method: Experiment with control * Experiment procedure: Step 1, prepare for experiment; Step 2,  conduct experiment; Step 3, finish experiment * Experiment period: from 2/2018 to 7/2018.  4.3.2. Process and analyze experiment results From   the   results,   between  test   class   and   control   class,  mathematic statistics were used to test the mean value of the two classes  with results obtained in Table 4.1.  Table 4.1. Compare the mean value of expression capacity of   the test and control classes after testing The mean value (  )  Test class Control class capacity expression level  after testing Pretty good 40.4 33.4 Normal 52.0 50.3 Weak  7.6 16.3 Compared to the results of the pre­test survey, it is shown that  the level of expression of cadet’s capacity in test class and control class  has increased. However, in test class: The rate of "Pretty good" increased  higher   than   before   testing;   the   "average"   rate   increased   not   much,  especially the "weak" rate significantly reduced. As for the control class,  the   "Pretty"   rate   also   increased   but   not   high,   the   "Average"   rate  increased insignificantly, the "Weak" rate also decreased but not much.  To test if the increase in test class is statistically significant or  not? Reliable or not? The thesis has used inspection quantity (t) to test.  The results show that: No 25 Test   mean   value   of   Pretty   good   (40,3   and   33,4)   of   the   two  classes, then t> t α (because 9,408> 2,110) Test mean value of Normal (52.0 and 50.3) results obtained t> t   (because 2,420> 2,110) α Test mean value of Weak (7.6 and 16.3) results obtained t