Based on the practical and theoretical basis on management of practicing activities of cadets at military officers-training colleges in the direction of competence development. Accordingly, the thesis proposes measures to manage practicing activities of cadets at military officers-training colleges in the direction of competence development, improving the effectiveness of management of practicing activities so as to improve the quality of education and training at military officers-training colleges.
1 INTRODUCTION 1. Reasons to choose the topic of the thesis Internship is a basic form of teaching with a very important position and role, contributing to the implementation of the educational principle "Learning coupled with practice, education combined with working and production, theory attached with practice” [49, p.1]. Internship activities help cadets reinforce supplement and develop their knowledge, professional skills; political qualities, ethics, lifestyles, motivation, love of career according to objectives and requirements of training. Management of cadet’s internship activities is a basic content of educational management, helping the military officerstraining colleges to selfcheck and evaluate their training outcomes, thereby adjusting the training programs and contents to meet the requirements of building military in each revolutionary period. At present, management of internship activities of cadets in general and of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in particular according to the orientation of competence development has become a basic and urgent requirement to successfully implement the Party’s viewpoint and policies in educational reforms and requirements and tasks of building the Army and protecting the Fatherland in the new situation However, until now, research on management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development is still a gap of theory and practice. In theory, although there have been many researches on internship activities, management of internship activities of cadets, they are mainly based on the traditional approach. In recent years, there have been some approaches according to modern teaching and management theories such as: managing by objectives, by content; by functions, by synchronized quality approach Some works following the above research directions have pointed out the output standards, professional standards and how to organize and manage internship activities to form cadets with standards of knowledge, techniques, motives, attitudes to meet training objectives and requirements But no work has studied intensively and systematically on management of internship activities of cadets in the direction of competence development. In particular, there is no work on management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development to perform the duties and tasks of officers and military officers. Therefore, the study clarifies the rationale and the approach in management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development is really an issue that needs to be clarified. In practice, though, there have been innovations, but the quality of management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges still has limitations and inadequacies such as: inadequate awareness; unrealistic determination of objectives and contents of the Curriculum; short practice time; simple check and evaluation, low reliability, favouring encouragement As a result, when graduating from the university, there are still cadets who are currently not performing their tasks and duties effectively. The above situation raises the requirement of management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development. From the above reasons, the study "Management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development" is a matter of practical and theoretical significance 2. Purposes and tasks of the research * Purposes of the research Based on the practical and theoretical basis on management of practicing activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development Accordingly, the thesis proposes measures to manage practicing activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development, improving the effectiveness of management of practicing activities so as to improve the quality of education and training at military officerstraining colleges * Tasks of the research The dissertation gives an overview of the research related to the dissertation topic and identifies issues need addressing in the thesis The dissertation clarifies basic theoretical issues on management of practicing activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development The dissertation clarifies practical issues on management of practicing activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges The dissertation proposes some basic solutions to manage practicing activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development The dissertation tests the necessity and feasibility of the proposed solutions and experiments one of them 3. Subject, object, scope and scientific hypothesis * Object of the research: Management of training activities at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development * Subject of the research: Management of practicing activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development * Scope of the research In terms of content: The thesis researches on the practical and theoretical issues on management of practicing activities, mainly on management of practicing activities of graduation of officerstraining cadets, tertiary level at military officerstraining colleges The thesis proposes measures to manage practicing activities of cadets accessing to management function In terms of object: Managers, teachers, officials and cadets with practicing activities of graduation at military officerstraining colleges In terms of survey area: Some military officerstraining colleges and units in the North: Political Military OfficersTraining College, Army Number OfficersTraining College, Commando Military OfficersTraining College; some units where cadets practicing in Military Zone 3 In terms of time: Data and surveys are collected from 2013 to the present * Scientific hypothesis In the recent years, management of practising activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges has obtained certain achievements However, the current management of practising activities is inadequate, not in accordance with the theoretical development of education management and the reality. If the measures of management with functional assessing combined with management assessing in managing practicing activities in the direction of competence development are proposed, then it will contribute to improve the quality of education, meeting the army’s demands and tasks in the new situation 4. Methodology and research method 4.1. Methodology: The thesis is based on the thorough understanding of the materialist dialectics of MarxistLeninist philosophy and Ho Chi Minh’s thoughts and the Communist Party of Vietnam’s view on education and training. At the same time, it bases on research method of education management and different ways of accessing, typically: the systemstructure, history logics; approach to functions and approach to the standard outcome 4.2. Research method: The thesis uses different methods: * Theoretical methods: Analysing, generalizing, and systemizing the related documents. * Practical methods: Summing up experience, observation, survey questionnaire, and interview and experts constancy * Supportive methods: Method of using statistical mathematics, Microsoft Xcel software and testing 5. New contributions of the research The dissertation builds up the theory on practising activities and management of practising activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the orientation of competence development The dissertation evaluates and analyses the actual situation, identifying the causes of achievements and limitations if the reality of practising activities and management of practising activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the orientation of competence development today The dissertation combines different ways to clarify the theoretical frame of the thesis. On management of practising activities of cadets in the orientation of competence development, the thesis combines the access of management function (mainly) with management access The dissertation proposes solutions to manage practising activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the orientation of competence development The experimental results show that the proposed measures are necessary and highly feasible 6. Theoretical and practical significance of the research 6.1. Theoretical significance The findings of the dissertation contribute to the development of research on education management, practising activities and management of practising activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the orientation of competence development; proposing a system of practical and feasible solutions to improve the effectiveness of practising activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the orientation of competence development, contributing to improve the quality of education and training at military officerstraining colleges 6.2. Practical significance The thesis provides scientific arguments for leaders, commanders, especially the managing officials, teachers and cadets at military officers training colleges to apply into managing practising activities of cadets in the direction of competence development. Accordingly, it contributes to improve the quality of training army officers and it can be used as references for officials, teachers and cadets at military officerstraining colleges in teaching, researching and organizing management of practising activities 7. Structure of the thesis The thesis includes: Introduction, chapters (14 periods), conclusions, list of scientific works of the author related to the dissertation, list of references and Appendices Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO THESIS TOPIC 1.1. The works related to the thesis topic 1.1.1. The works related to practising activates There are some scientific works on the content and program of practising activities, skills of practising for students before their apprentice in Soviet Union and some West European countries, typical authors: Gutsev, Ivanov, Socolov, O.A.Abdoullina (Soviet Union); N.M.Iacovalev, Iu.K.Babansky (Democratic Republic of Germany); C.Denhec, F.Januskiewiez (Poland) In America and Western countries, there are a number of works trainingprogram transformation, from theory preparation to practice, typical model: “Professional Development School”; the works of the fund Carnegie, Annenberg and Ford in America (2001) conclude “The programs of pedagogical practice need to focus on practice, apprentice and model”. Students of California University Davis in America along with secondary school teachers conduct practising activities before the school year: “Learning how to organize the class, preparing the teaching plan and meeting students on the very first day of the school year”. Typical works in Vietnam: “Pedagogical practice” by Nguyen Dinh Chinh (1991); “Pedagogical visiting and practice” by Nguyen Dinh Chinh and Pham Trung Thanh (1998);: “Nurturing capacity of practising party work, political work of political officialstraining cadets at section level at Military Political Academy in the current period” by Nguyen Chinh Ly (2006); “Solutions to improve the quality of practising at local units for political instructorstraining cadets at Military OfficersTraining College” ̣ by Trinh Xuan Loc (2010); “Training the skill of teaching for pedagogic students in the flexible assess in teaching practice’’ by Nguyen Thi Nhan (2015); “Developing career adapting skill through practice for students of technical college” by Nguyen Thanh Long (2017) These works emphasize the role of practising activities in consolidating knowledge, forming skills for students and cadets. However, there have been no works thoroughly research on forming necessary competence for cadets, students in organizing practising activities. Notably, in military officerstraining colleges, there have been no works on practising activities and management of practising activities in the direction of competence development 1.1.2 The works related to training and management of practising activities in competence access Competencybased training has been applied in America in the field of career training since the 1970s 1980s and has become a popular model in education and then spread to Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Germany, etc. In the end of the 20th century, competencybased training has become a popular trend in the world In the book “Competencebased Assessment Techniques”, Shirley Fletcher (1995) has analysed the differences in competencybased training between Britain and America Roger Harris, Hugh Guthrie, Bary Hobart, and David Lundberg (1995) published the book: “Competencybased Education and Training: Between a Rock and a Whirlpool South Melbourne”; Thomas Deissinger and Slilke Hellwig (2011) published the book: “Structures and functions of competency based education and training (CBET): a comparative perspective” In our country, researches on training in the direction of competence development first appeared in the field of career training, typical: “Teaching in the direction of competence access in technical pedagogic universities” (2012) by Cao Danh Chinh, “Management of competence training for construction technical careers in construction colleges” (2014) by Dao Viet Ha; “Developing the teaching staff of technical pedagogic universities the direction of competence access” (2016) by Nguyen The Dan; “Organizing seminars in teaching pedagogics in universities in competence access” (2014) by Nguyen Thi Bich Lien There are some typical works on management of practising activities in the direction of competence access: My Giang Son, “Management of pedagogical practice in training secondary school teachers in the orientation of career standard of secondary school teachers” (2014); Do Thi Thu Hang “Management of practising activities of students of education management in accordance with the standard outcome” (2017); Do Van Hieu, “Management of students’ graduation practising activities at People’s Security Academy in the assess of CIPO” (2017) 1.2 Brief overview of research findings of published works and issues for the thesis to deal with. 1.2.1 Brief overview of research findings of published works Firstly, many authors in the world and in the country have been interested in studying issues related to internship activities with many different approaches. The works all emphasize the position and role of the internship activities in strengthening and supplementing knowledge for students and trainees, contributing to improving the training quality of the schools. Secondly, studying issues related to capacitybased training is currently a trend to attract the attention of countries in the world and in our country The research works have provided important theoretical and practical issues as a basis for determining the objectives, methods and competence development of learners in management of internship activities of students in the direction of competence development Thirdly, in our country, regarding to study on management of internship activities of students in the direction of competence development, there are a number of works and dissertations in different directions They are works that are directly related, contributing to providing theoretical and practical basis for the process of deployment and research of the thesis Fourthly, there is no research on management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development to perform the responsibilities and duties of officers, leaders and commanders in the Military units after graduation 1.2.2. Issues for the thesis to deal with Firstly, clarify the objective requirements and practical significance of the need to transfer the management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges from the old form and content with too general targets, monotonous contents, general inspection and evaluation to manage internship activities in the direction of competence development. Secondly, continue researching to supplement and clarify the concepts of tools related to internship and management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges; determine the content and specify the factors that affect the management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development Thirdly, be based on the objectives and training requirements of military officerstraining colleges; provisions of the Ordinance on management of the army; practical implementation of the responsibilities and tasks assigned after graduation to determine the standard of output capacity and contents of the orientation of competence development of cadets at military officerstraining colleges as a basis for managing and evaluating the internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development. Fourthly, in order to improve the quality of internship activities and management of internship activities of cadets at military officers training colleges in the direction of competence development, the dissertation must propose, analyse and clarify the system of measures for management of internship activities and management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development with practicality and high feasibility Fifthly, organize tests, testing measures to manage internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development to prove the theory of the thesis Conclusion of Chapter 1 Overview of research projects related to internship activities and management of internship activities has affirmed the very important position and role of this issue for the training of skills and competence development for cadets and trainees. However, until now, there has not been any works intensively studying the management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development In the current trend of educational innovation today, it requires the management of internship activities of cadets at military officers training colleges to be renewed according to modern approaches. Therefore, the study clarifies the theoretical and practical basis and proposes measures to manage internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development as an urgent issue both in theory and practice. From the successes of relevant research projects and scientific issues that have not been resolved thoroughly, the author receives and determines new directions in the thesis development process. Chapter 2 RATIONALE OF MANAGEMENT OF INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES OF CADETS AT MILITARY OFFICERS TRAINING COLLEGES IN THE DIRECTION OF COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT 2.1 Theoretical issues of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development 2.1.1. Internship and internship activities of cadets in military officerstraining schools * Internship is content, an important stage of the training program, helping learners manipulates the knowledge, skills and attitudes that have been accumulated in the learning process to solve the situation according to their authority and tasks to be assigned after graduation to strengthen, supplement, and improve the quality and professional capacity according to training objectives and requirements Internship is content, a stage in the training program ranked after the lectures. It is a planned activity with defined content, program and time With internship activities, learners conduct activities according to responsibilities and tasks they will undertake after graduation, under the direction and of faculty and instructors * Internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges Internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges are a positive and purposeful process of learners in order to 10 apply the knowledge, skills, attitudes and personality qualities that are formed during the training process in solving tasks according to their responsibilities and tasks assigned in the grassroots units, under the guidance and help of teachers and managers at schools and grassroots units to develop the qualities and capabilities according to training objectives and requirement. The content of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges is the work of the platoon leader, political officers of company in the grassroots units to perform according to the assigned responsibilities and tasks stipulated in Article 14. 15, 16, 17 "Soldier Management Ordinance". In particular, focus on a number of main contents such as: organize military education and training activities (technical, tactical activities); conduct Party and political activities in the units (education, youth union and youth activities, emulation activities, forums, seminars ); manage and maintain strict military discipline; organize units to improve life of soldiers; build good relationships in the units; coordinate with party committees, local authorities where the troops are stationed, etc 2.1.2. Capacity and orientation for competence development at military officerstraining colleges * Capacity and orientation for competence development in education and training Capacity is the combination of the knowledge, skills and attitudes of individual responding to requirement of an activity, ensuring that the activity achieves results according to the defined purposes Capacity is a combined quality of knowledge, skills and attitudes of individuals associated with a certain type of activity. Capacity formation and development are based on the integrated development of mind, physiological factors, ensuring that individuals have profound knowledge about the field of activity that they participate in; have the skills to practice actions in accordance with the nature, characteristics, requirements and circumstances of the operation. At the same time, there is a passionate attitude, hard work, high responsibility for the operation The organic combination of knowledge, skills and attitudes towards operations will constitute a capacity to ensure individuals quickly find ways and measures to carry out activities and ensure activities to have results consistent with the defined purpose Competence development orientation in education and training is a system of purposeful and organized impacts of schools and training 13 Management contents: Develop plans and issue guiding documents; organize the implementation of the plans; direct the participating forces; manage conditions to ensure that internship activities of cadets are in the direction of competence development. Managing methods: a combination of management methods including: administrative management; education and retraining; psychological preparation; motivation, encouragement and stimulation to learners Management conditions, means and tools: documents of military commands and orders; school regulations; regulations and process of organizing internship activities; the preparation for cadets and the assurance of facilities for the cadets' internship activities; the coordination of the schools with the units of the cadets during internship 2.2.2 Contents of management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development * Develop plans and promulgate documents to guide cadet’s internship activities in the direction of competence development * Organize the implementation of internship activities in the direction of competence development * Direct the participating forces to implement the plan of cadet’s internship activities in the direction of competence development * Ensure conditions for cadet’s internship activities to take place in the direction of competence development. * Check and evaluate cadet’s internship activities in the direction of competence development 2.3 Factors affecting the management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development 2.3.1. Requirement for innovating education and training in the direction of competence development 2.3.2. Rules and regulations on internship activities 2.3.3. Places of internship, units of internship 2.3.4 Program and content of training in the direction of competence development 14 2.3.5. Qualifications and experience in organizing internship activities of managers and lecturers 2.3.6. Knowledge, skills and attitudes of cadets Conclusion of Chapter 2 In order to gain high efficiency in organizing and management of internship activities of cadets in the direction of competence development, the one hand, it is required to inherit good ways or experiences in tradition On the other hand, it must be based on the output capacity standard of cadets according to training objectives and requirements in the direction of competence development and practical tasks and responsibilities assigned to cadets after graduation to identify the content of competence development orientation in a comprehensive way including: professional capacity, method capacity, social capacity and individual capacity On that basis, determine the objectives and contents of internship activities; formulate and organize the implementation of the plan of internship activities of cadets in the direction of competence development; check and evaluate internship activities of cadets in the direction of competence development; ensure the conditions of scientific implementation and high feasibility. Management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development is a new issue and affected by many objective and subjective factors. Therefore, management entities must understand to make management measures suitable for each object to achieve the highest quality Chapter 3 PRACTICAL BASIS OF MANAGING CADET’S INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES AT MILITARY OFFICERSTRAINING COLLEGES IN THE DIRECTION OF COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT 3.1. Overview of the situation of education and training at military officerstraining colleges 3.1.1. Introduction of military officerstraining colleges The military officerstraining colleges are a part of the system of military academies and schools, which are part of the state's higher education system, playing an important role in the cause of military education, training and research and humanities social science etc. Currently, in the army, there are 11 military officerstraining colleges of 15 graduate and postgraduate levels at section level with majors in politics and advisory commanders * Organizational structure: including Board of Management, functional agencies (departments, committees), and faculties, student management units (system, battalion, class, company, and platoon). Party committees of military officerstraining colleges are higherlevel party organizations than Party committees at grassroots units, Party grassroots organizations are established at agencies, faculties and systems, battalions of cadets; mass organizations and military councils; being always concerned, meeting the requirements of education and training tasks, scientific researches and other tasks Functions and duties: an organization with legal status, performing the tasks of education and training, scientific research, building a regular military school, issuing diplomas and certificates according to regulations of the State and the Ministry of Defense Models and objectives: Training cadres with strong political bravery, absolute loyalty to the Communist Party of Vietnam, the Fatherland, and the people; determination to follow the socialist path, sticking to the army's combat and construction career, being ready to receive and complete the assigned tasks; creative thinking, university level knowledge and military skills as required by the positions; collective democracy, formal and solidarity style; morality, a healthy lifestyle, modesty, needing to save integrity, being social with people, attached to the masses; suitable health for the position of work 3.1.2. Characteristics of training cadets at military officers' schools * Cadets at military officerstraining colleges: more outstanding in age psychology, educational qualification, political quality, morality compared to those of students at universities outside the army * Programs and contents of education and training: built in the direction of comprehensive development of qualities and capabilities of military officers; there is a balance of both the theoretical content and the professional practice; attaching academic training to the title and positions after graduation. *Training organization: In the form of concentration, 100% of cadets study and practice in the camp of the school; under 24/24 hour supervision in accordance with the regimes of living, studying, training, combat readiness according to the command of the army management; 16 The training period of the whole courses in commanding officer schools of combined armies and armies is Particularly, training period in Political Officer School is 5 years. 3.2. Organization and method of studying the situation 3.2.1. General overview of organization and methods of research * Purpose of the survey: Collect practical and objective data on the actual situation of internship activities and management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges * Contents of the survey: Situation of awareness of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges; actual situation of internship activities and management of internship activities and factors affecting the management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development * Subjects, time and scope of survey: Surveying 786 subjects including: 170 managers, teachers of military officerstraining colleges, 516 cadets under their internship; 100 cadres where cadets have their internship. Trial survey was from September to December 2016; Official survey was from March 2017 to July 2018 in some military officers training colleges and units in the north. 3.2.2 Researching the situation The actual research process was divided into phases: trial survey; official survey and data processing 3.2.3. Methods of research Using a combination of practical research methods including: Expert method; pedagogical observation method; Method of soliciting opinions by questionnaires; Method of talking and discussing; Studying summary reports; Methods of analysing product activities; Methods of processing data by mathematical statistics 3.2.4. The way of processing data In order to accurately assess the survey results, the thesis divided evaluation results according to the criteria into 3 levels with the following convention points: Good is 3 points (M1); The average is 2 points (M2); Weakness is 1 point (M3) and using mathematical formulas including point interval calculation (L); average score calculation ( ); Spearman correlation coefficients (rs) to process and propose evaluation and observation. 3.3 Actual situation of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development 17 3.3.1. Awareness about the role of internship Survey results show that the respondents highly appreciated the position and role of the internship activities. There are still disparities in the evaluation results, but the average score of the two groups of managers, teachers and officers is 2.29 points; the group of cadets achieved 2.31 points in fair good level. 3.3.2. Executing objectives of internship activities Survey results show that: evaluation of managers and teachers; officers on achievement in targets of internship activities in the direction of competence development is relatively similar, including general and specific objectives. However, the results are not high, only at the weak average level 3.3.3. The level of expression of cadet’s capacity according to the content of competence development orientation The survey results show that all four capabilities were understood and evaluated by managers and teachers; officers and cadets quite relatively uniformly. This proves that the internship contents in in the direction of competence development that the thesis surveyed are appropriate, close to the responsibilities and tasks of the cadet’s position 3.3.4. Methods of organizing internships In order to determine the optimal and effective practice method, the thesis offered 3 basic internship methods and surveyed respondents. The results show that the internship method was divided into 2 phases: Phase 1 at the beginning of the third school year, the second phase at the end of the fourth school year (for Political Officer Schools in the 4th and 5th school years) to be the most effective practice method 3.3.5 Check and evaluate the results of internship activities The survey results show that the evaluation of respondents is relatively uniform; the average gap between the surveyed respondents is not too far from each other. However, it only reached the weak average level. 3.4. Actual situation of management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development 3.4.1. Basic advantages and limitations Basic advantages 18 Firstly, the construction of internship activities is relatively detailed, creating favourable conditions for cadets to perform their duties and tasks assigned according to training objectives and requirements Secondly, the organization of internship activities of cadets is done relatively strictly, seriously at all stages, steps from preparing for cadets before internship; organizing internship activities according to the defined plan and achieving the set objectives and requirements; learning experience after finishing internship, act Thirdly, instruction to internship activities of cadets is conducted regularly through the leadership and commanding systems at all levels, promptly discovering advantages, limitations and problems arising to take measures closely and accurately. Fourthly, the check and evaluation of cadet’s internship activities are in accordance with the guidelines of the Ministry and the regulations on education and training of military officerstraining colleges. Fifth, the military officerstraining colleges invest and equip basic facilities to meet the requirements of internship activities, creating conditions for cadets to perform their assigned duties and tasks at the grassroots units. Limitations and shortcomings Firstly, awareness of a part of managers and teachers; officers and cadets about internship activities and management of internship activities are incomplete and uneven; some officials are still not close in understanding and guiding cadets in their activities. Secondly, some schools develop plans and organize internship activities not strictly; not providing enough training to cadets before their internship; the management and organization of implementation of internship activities has not been directed regularly and strictly Thirdly, determination of target of internship activities is still general and not comprehensive; the innovation in building content of internship activities in the direction of competence development is slow; methods of organizing internship activities are still rigid, the internship time is still short, not enough for cadets to observe learn and experience to meet the requirements of competence development Fourthly, the system of documents directing the organization of internship activities of the Ministry is old; many contents are no longer suitable with current requirements Fifthly, check and evaluation of results of internship activities is subjective, simple, qualitative, there are no standards to evaluate each content; forms of evaluation are not flexible 19 3.4.2. Causes of advantages and limitations * Causes of advantages The military officerstraining colleges have many measures to raise the awareness and responsibilities of related forces in the process of management of internship activities of cadets Managers have paid close attention to and coordinated in the process of developing plans, organizing and directing internship activities The military officerstraining colleges and units have been invested in facilities and equipment to meet the requirements of internship activities. * Cause of the limitations, weaknesses The formulation of regulations and rules for internship activities are still incomplete, failing to meet the requirements of organizing internship activities in the direction of competence development Organization, direction and establishment of goals and content of internship activities are still general; determination of the mode of internship activities; inspection and assessment of internship activities are still slow to innovate and lack of comprehensiveness A part of cadets is not selfaware, active in their internship activities. The training for cadets before internship at some schools has not been respected and practical. Some military officerstraining colleges have not contacted and coordinated closely with the grassroots units in management of internship activities of cadets. Facilities, equipment, model of learning tools, practice ground, funding for internship activities are limited and not uniform 3.5. Current situation of factors affecting the management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development The results showed that, groups of surveyed respondents all stated that the impacts of elements determined by the thesis to management of internship activities of cadets at military officers training colleges re relatively strong. In particular, the impact from "qualification and experience of teachers and managers in organizing internship activities" and from "qualifications, 20 knowledge, skills and attitudes of cadets" are considered to be the two most influential factors, followed by the elements of "Program and content of training in the direction of competence development"; "Regulations, rules on internship activities" and "Internship places and unit". Factor of fewer impacts is "Requirement for innovation of education and training in the direction of competence development" Conclusion of Chapter 3 Although many advantages have been achieved, the management of cadet internship activities still has many shortcomings, not keeping up with the development of theory and practice, failing to meet the requirements of training with output capacity standards. Management of internship activities of cadets at military officers training colleges in the direction of competence development is a new issue that needs to be fully recognized and carefully resolved The results of surveying actual situation of internship activities and management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development together with advantages, limitations and causes of the situation are an important basis for proposing measures to manage internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development with efficiency and feasibility 21 Chapter 4 MEASURES AND TESTING OF MEASURES FOR MANAGEMENT OF INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES OF CADETS AT MILITARY OFFICERSTRAINING COLLEGES IN THE DIRECTION OF COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT 4.1. The system of measures for management of internship activities of cadets at military officerstraining colleges in the direction of competence development 4.1.1. Educate to awareness and responsibility for managers management of internship activities in the direction of competence development This is a measure to create the basis and premise for the next measures. In order to well implement this measure, it requires managers to have documents clearly defining the responsibilities and powers of the concerned forces; regularly direct the work of education, thoroughly grasp the position, role and the need to manage internship activities in the direction of competence development; Actively coordinate with each other to improve the effectiveness of management of internship activities in the direction of competence development 4.1.2. Develop plans of internship activities in the direction of competence development This is a measure of great significance, which is the basis for unifying action and coordination of forces and means in the organization of internship activities. In order to implement this measure, the Board of Directors of each military officerstraining college should closely guide the relevant departments in the process of developing the plan; the implementation of the plan must ensure consistency; the plan must be consistent with the conditions and capabilities of each school and the units where cadets are doing their internship. 4.1.3. Direct the renewal of the mode of organizing internship activities according to an appropriate and scientific process with orientations for competence development This is a significant measure, directly related to other measures. The basic content of the measure is to increase the number of internships, the internship time at the grassroots units from 1 time/session to times/session, the internship time is to weeks 22 higher than the previous one and organize internship according to a scientific process suitable to competence development orientation In order to implement this measure, the military officerstraining colleges need to: Adjust training programs and content in the direction of reducing the theory of increasing practice time; In the course of training, it is necessary to clearly determine the output capability standards of the subjects, the semesters and the school years in conformity with the output capability standards; Clearly define the work to be done in the stages and steps of the organization of internship activities; Organizing, directing, inspecting, evaluating and summarizing internship activities in accordance with competence development orientation 4.1.4. Ensure the conditions to improve the quality of internship This measure aims to ensure conditions on regulations, training programs, relevant documents, facilities; practice grounds and practice units to support internship activities effectively In order for the implementation of this measure military officerstraining colleges should: Recommend and coordinate with the competent authorities of the Ministry of Defense to add and complete regulation on organizing internship activities of cadets in the direction of competence development; Direct the renovation of training contents and programs according to competence development orientation; Plan to find sources of investment, upgrading facilities to serve teaching and internship activities of cadets in the direction of competence development; Closely coordinate with grassroots units to ensure facilities, equipment and policies for cadets. 4.1.5 Direct the renewal of methods in inspecting and evaluating results of internship activities of cadets in the direction of competence development This is an indispensable and important measure for management of internship activities of cadets in the direction of competence development. In order to well implement this measure, the management subjects need: To direct the determination of principles and the process of inspection and evaluation; Direct the functional agencies and faculty members to develop criteria and standards for inspection and evaluation; determine criteria for inspection and evaluation; Well organize inspection and evaluation activities to ensure the nature, objectivity, reliability and comprehensiveness. 23 4.2. Surveying the necessity and feasibility of the proposed measures 4.2.1. General problems of surveying * Purpose of surveying: To confirm the necessity and feasibility of measures in management of internship activities of cadets in the direction of competence development. Thereby completing the measures to suit the reality * Contents and methods of surveying: find out the necessity and feasibility of measures in management of internship activities of cadets in the direction of competence development according to proposed measures. Through surveys by questionnaires, the opinions are ranked as follows: Very necessary, very feasible: 3 points; necessary: feasible: 2 points; Less necessary, less feasible: 1 point 4.2.2. Respondents Include 225 scientists, education management experts, managers, teachers and internship officers. 4.2.3 Survey results on the necessity and feasibility of the proposed measures * Assessing the necessity: the proposed measures have the evaluation necessity with a general average score of 2.39 and relatively uniformly * Assessing the feasibility: the measures have proposed the evaluation is highly feasible, with a general average score = 2.38 levels, variation between measures from 2.29 to 2, 41 is relatively uniform * Assessing correlation between the necessity and feasibility of measures: Through verification by Specrman formula, rs = 0,9 shows the necessity and feasibility have tight and positive correlation, meaning that the measures are both necessary and highly feasible 4.3. Experiment 4.3.1. Organizing experiment * The purpose of experiment: to verify the scientific hypothesis and at the same time evaluate the effectiveness of management of internship activities of cadets in the direction of competence development. Due to legal conditions, the author only experimented the method of "Direct the renewal of the mode of organizing internship activities according to an appropriate and scientific process with 24 orientations for competence development" in order to improve quality of management of internship activities of cadets * Experimental hypothesis: It is possible to improve the ability of cadets to perform their assigned responsibilities and tasks at military officerstraining colleges via internship activities if applying the following measures: "Direct the renewal of the mode of organizing internship activities according to an appropriate and scientific process with orientations for competence development”. * Subjects and institution: Internship activities of cadets of 3rd Battalion, School of Political Officers * Experiment method: Experiment with control * Experiment procedure: Step 1, prepare for experiment; Step 2, conduct experiment; Step 3, finish experiment * Experiment period: from 2/2018 to 7/2018. 4.3.2. Process and analyze experiment results From the results, between test class and control class, mathematic statistics were used to test the mean value of the two classes with results obtained in Table 4.1. Table 4.1. Compare the mean value of expression capacity of the test and control classes after testing The mean value ( ) Test class Control class capacity expression level after testing Pretty good 40.4 33.4 Normal 52.0 50.3 Weak 7.6 16.3 Compared to the results of the pretest survey, it is shown that the level of expression of cadet’s capacity in test class and control class has increased. However, in test class: The rate of "Pretty good" increased higher than before testing; the "average" rate increased not much, especially the "weak" rate significantly reduced. As for the control class, the "Pretty" rate also increased but not high, the "Average" rate increased insignificantly, the "Weak" rate also decreased but not much. To test if the increase in test class is statistically significant or not? Reliable or not? The thesis has used inspection quantity (t) to test. The results show that: No 25 Test mean value of Pretty good (40,3 and 33,4) of the two classes, then t> t α (because 9,408> 2,110) Test mean value of Normal (52.0 and 50.3) results obtained t> t (because 2,420> 2,110) α Test mean value of Weak (7.6 and 16.3) results obtained t