Management Control Systems in Complex Settings: Emerging Research and Opportunities Filippo Zanin University of Udine, Italy Eugenio Comuzzi University of Udine, Italy Antonio Costantini University of Udine, Italy A volume in the Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science (ALOMS) Book Series Published in the United States of America by IGI Global Business Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 701 E Chocolate Avenue Hershey PA, USA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: cust@igi-global.com Web site: http://www.igi-global.com Copyright © 2018 by IGI Global All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Zanin, Filippo, 1974- editor | Comuzzi, Eugenio, 1963- editor | Costantini, Antonio, 1974- editor Title: Management control systems in complex settings : emerging research and opportunities / by Filippo Zanin, Eugenio Comuzzi, and Antonio Costantini Description: Hershey, PA : Business Science Reference, [2018] Identifiers: LCCN 2017025774| ISBN 9781522539872 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781522539889 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Industrial management | Management science Classification: LCC HD31.2 M3565 2018 | DDC 658.4/013 dc23 LC record available at https:// lccn.loc.gov/2017025774 British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library All work contributed to this book is new, previously-unpublished material The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher For electronic access to this publication, please contact: eresources@igi-global.com Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science (ALOMS) Book Series ISSN:2327-350X EISSN:2327-3518 Editor-in-Chief: John Wang, Montclair State University, USA Mission Operations research and management science continue to influence business processes, administration, and management information systems, particularly in covering the application methods for decision-making processes New case studies and applications on management science, operations management, social sciences, and other behavioral sciences have been incorporated into business and organizations real-world objectives The Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science (ALOMS) Book Series provides a collection of reference publications on the current trends, applications, theories, and practices in the management science field Providing relevant and current research, this series and its individual publications would be useful for academics, researchers, scholars, and practitioners interested in improving decision making models and business functions Coverage • Decision analysis and decision support • Political science • Organizational behavior • Risk Management • Information management • Operations management • Finance • Networks • Services management • Marketing engineering IGI Global is currently accepting manuscripts for publication within this series To submit a proposal for a volume in this series, please contact our Acquisition Editors at Acquisitions@igi-global.com or visit: http://www.igi-global.com/publish/ The Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science (ALOMS) Book Series (ISSN 2327-350X) is published by IGI Global, 701 E Chocolate Avenue, Hershey, PA 17033-1240, USA, www.igi-global.com This series is composed of titles available for purchase individually; each title is edited to be contextually exclusive from any other title within the series For pricing and ordering information please visit http://www.igi-global.com/book-series/advanceslogistics-operations-management-science/37170 Postmaster: Send all address changes to above address ©© 2018 IGI Global All rights, including translation in other languages reserved by the publisher No part of this series may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means – graphics, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information and retrieval systems – without written permission from the publisher, except for non commercial, educational use, including classroom teaching purposes The views expressed in this series are those of the authors, but not necessarily of IGI Global Titles in this Series For a list of additional titles in this series, please visit: https://www.igi-global.com/book-series/advances-logistics-operations-management-science/37170 Novel Six Sigma Approaches to Risk Assessment and Management Vojo Bubevski (Independent Researcher, UK) Business Science Reference â2018 251pp H/C (ISBN: 9781522527039) • US $200.00 Enterprise Resiliency in the Continuum of Change Emerging Research and Opportunities Raj Kumar Bhattarai (Tribhuvan University, Nepal) Business Science Reference â2018 186pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781522526278) • US $150.00 Examining Cultural Influences on Leadership Styles and Learning From Chinese Valerie Zhu (Xi’an University of Science and Technology, China) Business Science Reference • ©2017 • 207pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781522522775) • US $125.00 Globalization and the Ethical Responsibilities of Multinational Corporations Emerging Tarnue Johnson (Argosy University - Chicago, USA) Business Science Reference â2017 110pp H/C (ISBN: 9781522525349) US $125.00 Multi-Criteria Decision Making for the Management of Complex Systems Albert Voronin (National Aviation University of Ukraine, Ukraine) Business Science Reference â2017 201pp H/C (ISBN: 9781522525097) • US $175.00 Handbook of Research on Manufacturing Process Modeling and Optimization Strategies Raja Das (VIT University, India) and Mohan Pradhan (Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India) Business Science Reference â2017 530pp H/C (ISBN: 9781522524403) • US $285.00 Managerial Strategies and Green Solutions for Project Sustainability Gilman C.K Tam (Independent Researcher, China) Business Science Reference • ©2017 • 255pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781522523710) • US $180.00 For an enitre list of titles in this series, please visit: https://www.igi-global.com/book-series/advances-logistics-operations-management-science/37170 701 East Chocolate Avenue, Hershey, PA 17033, USA Tel: 717-533-8845 x100 • Fax: 717-533-8661 E-Mail: cust@igi-global.com • www.igi-global.com Table of Contents Preface vii Acknowledgment xiii Section Complexity and Management Control Systems Chapter Complexity Chapter Management Control Systems: Concepts and Approaches 22 Chapter Management Control Systems: Contingency Factors 50 Section Managing Value in Complex Firms Chapter Complexity and Control: Managing for Value Creation in Complex Firms .79 Chapter Complexity and Control: Forecasting, Planning, and Budgeting in Complex Firms 97 Section Empirical Evidence of Managerial Practices in Complex Firms Chapter Strategy in Action: The Use of Visual Artefacts for Strategic Change 131 Chapter The Effect of Business Strategy and Stock Market Listing on the Use of Risk Assessment Tools 145 Related Readings 169 About the Authors 188 Index 189 vii Preface To reach the point that you don’t know, you have to take the road that you don’t know San Giovanni della Croce (1542-1591) WHY A BOOK ON COMPLEXITY AND MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS? Theme, Perspectives, and Guidelines “Management Control Systems in complex settings Emerging research and opportunities” is a relevant milestone of a research path centered around the evocative topic of “control and firm’s value under complexity conditions” Complexity and control are analysed with the lens of “economic value” in order to adopt multiple and unconventional perspectives on the topic New lines of reasoning have stimulated the generation of an innovative conceptual framework that is articulated around the following turning points: • From the Corporate Control to the Complexity Control: This methodological shift evokes the adoption of a new approach able to emphasize the pivotal role of the environmental complexity for managing firm’s value The control of complexity becomes the objective of the Management Control Systems (MCS) and, at the same time, the methodological approach for controlling strategy, operations and resources A radical change of perspective is taking place While the classical approaches to management control are targeted to maximize the financial value of the firm and its constituent assets, the Preface • • viii complexity approach explicitly takes into consideration the active role of the context under which management control is performed; From the Management of Organisational Performance to the Management of Complexity: A new conceptual framework is proposed for managing value in complex settings The relation between complexity and firm’s financial performance is analysed by adopting a new methodological perspective that encourages the exploration of the intricate cause and effect relationships among firm’s value and its determinants It is difficult to develop a comprehensive understanding of the value drivers and their impacts on firm’s value The proposed conceptual framework tries to overcome this imbalance by making the causal relationships more explicit; From the Functionalist View of MCS to the Perceived View of Complexity Management: Traditional approaches to management control adopt a narrow and functionalist view of the MCS Consequently, management control is seen as a system of formal and analytical tools that supports rational decision-making by providing financial measures, economic analysis and allowing “management by exceptions” However, decision and control processes are rarely rational and linear Rather, they are complex interconnections of provisional and emerging practices that involve many actors who represent different values, beliefs, biases and competencies This seems consistent with the emphasis on the individual’s perception of the importance and use of specific MCS Thus, MCS and complexity are not objective entities but subjective abstractions beyond the perceived reality of organisational phenomena Following this line of reasoning, it is important to make a distinction between two different conceptualisation of complexity: perceived complexity and managed complexity The first conceptualization refers to complexity as a individual and social accomplishment The second one, draws attention to the problem of the treatment of complexity It depends on the degree of complexity of the analysed problem If the problem is simple to understand, then it is possible to apply analytical and rational tools Conversely, when the problem continues to evolve over time taking unpredictable terms, it is manageable by assuming simplifying assumptions Then, the control of complexity is a bundle of multifaceted practices that involves building imperfect cognitive representations of the problem or, alternatively, rational and computationally tractable solutions; Preface • From Traditional Control Methods and Tools to Advanced Toolkit for the Management of Complexity: Complexity management requires the use of advanced methods and tools able to capture the dynamics that impact on the creation, conservation or destruction of economic value In this perspective: a) multidimensional models are becoming increasingly important tools for the control of firm’s strategy in complex settings; b) there is a systematic change of the methods and metrics that support forecasting, planning and budgeting processes; c) increasing level of complexity stimulates the adoption of more sophisticated measurement tools and techniques; d) advanced management control systems combine different measurement and representation tools (quantification, narrative approach, visual maps, matrix, alternate templates, temporal bracketing) THEME AND OBJECTIVES OF THE BOOK Complexity science has emerged across different research fields in recent years In business management, the term complexity generally evokes a business context involving problems in decision-making, direction, measurement and evaluation, both by managers and stakeholders On the one hand, complexity implies environmental uncertainty, change, dynamism, heterogeneity These characteristics can be ascribed to the contemporary competitive environment Nowadays, firms have to face challenges driven by a variety of factors: changes in manufacturing and operations, the rise of emergent markets and developing economies, the long-lasting effects of the 2008 financial crisis, evolutions in customer tastes and preferences, relations with buyers and suppliers, rapid innovations, variations in the actions of competitors and growing rivalry, deregulation and globalization issues, the diffusion of information technologies On the other hand, firms can also be internally viewed and analyzed as complex systems Firms must respond to the expectations of a range of multiple stakeholders Product life cycles are shorter and factors such as knowledge, innovation and intangible assets are increasing their importance Customer loyalty and reputation have become major concerns Overall, complexity influences organizational structures, and makes planning and control more difficult ix Related Readings Huygh, T., & De Haes, S (2016) Exploring the Research Domain of IT Governance in the SME Context International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance, 7(1), 20–35 doi:10.4018/IJITBAG.2016010102 Ingle, S., & Kuprevich, C L (2016) Workforce Development in Behavioral Healthcare and the Increased Use of Technology: Is It Working or Not? Are We Asking the Right Questions? In B Baggio (Ed.), Analyzing Digital Discourse and Human Behavior in Modern Virtual Environments (pp 40–59) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9899-4.ch003 Jafari, S (2017) Enhancing Security Culture through User-Engagement: An Organisational Perspective International Journal of ICT Research in Africa and the Middle East, 6(1), 31–39 doi:10.4018/IJICTRAME.2017010103 Jasmine, K S., & Sudha, M (2015) Business Transformation though Cloud Computing in Sustainable Business In F Soliman (Ed.), Business Transformation and Sustainability through Cloud System Implementation (pp 44–57) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-6445-6.ch004 Jha, A K., & Bose, I (2015) Innovation Styles, Processes, and their Drivers: An Organizational Perspective In M Wadhwa & A Harper (Eds.), Technology, Innovation, and Enterprise Transformation (pp 143–163) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-6473-9.ch007 Jha, M., Jha, S., & O’Brien, L (2017) Social Media and Big Data: A Conceptual Foundation for Organizations In R Chugh (Ed.), Harnessing Social Media as a Knowledge Management Tool (pp 315–332) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0495-5.ch015 Jones, N B (2016) Knowledge Transfer and Knowledge Creation in Virtual Teams In C Graham (Ed.), Strategic Management and Leadership for Systems Development in Virtual Spaces (pp 110–122) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9688-4.ch007 Joshua-Gojer, A E., Allen, J M., & Gavrilova-Aguilar, M (2015) Technology Integration in Work Settings In M Wadhwa & A Harper (Eds.), Technology, Innovation, and Enterprise Transformation (pp 1–19) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-6473-9.ch001 Jouini, M., & Rabai, L B (2016) A Security Framework for Secure Cloud Computing Environments International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing, 6(3), 32–44 doi:10.4018/IJCAC.2016070103 176 Related Readings Kabou, S., & Benslimane, S M (2017) A New Distributed Anonymization Protocol with Minimal Loss of Information International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence, 7(1), 1–19 doi:10.4018/ IJOCI.2017010101 Kaidalova, J., Siegerroth, U., Bukowska, E., & Shilov, N (2014) Enterprise Modeling for Business and IT Alignment: Challenges and Recommendations International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance, 5(2), 44–69 doi:10.4018/ijitbag.2014070103 Kasemsap, K (2015) Implementing Business Intelligence in Contemporary Organizations In A Haider (Ed.), Business Technologies in Contemporary Organizations: Adoption, Assimilation, and Institutionalization (pp 177–192) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-6623-8.ch008 Kasemsap, K (2015) The Role of Cloud Computing Adoption in Global Business In V Chang, R Walters, & G Wills (Eds.), Delivery and Adoption of Cloud Computing Services in Contemporary Organizations (pp 26–55) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8210-8.ch002 Kasemsap, K (2016) Examining the Roles of Virtual Team and Information Technology in Global Business In C Graham (Ed.), Strategic Management and Leadership for Systems Development in Virtual Spaces (pp 1–21) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9688-4.ch001 Kasemsap, K (2016) Promoting Leadership Development and Talent Management in Modern Organizations In U Aung & P Ordoñez de Pablos (Eds.), Managerial Strategies and Practice in the Asian Business Sector (pp 238–266) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9758-4.ch013 Kasemsap, K (2017) Mastering Business Process Management and Business Intelligence in Global Business In M Tavana, K Szabat, & K Puranam (Eds.), Organizational Productivity and Performance Measurements Using Predictive Modeling and Analytics (pp 192–212) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0654-6.ch010 Kasemsap, K (2017) Mastering Social Media in the Modern Business World In N Rao (Ed.), Social Media Listening and Monitoring for Business Applications (pp 18–44) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-52250846-5.ch002 177 Related Readings Kasemsap, K (2017) Organizational Learning: Advanced Issues and Trends In A Bencsik (Ed.), Knowledge Management Initiatives and Strategies in Small and Medium Enterprises (pp 42–66) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-1642-2.ch003 Kasemsap, K (2017) Professional and Business Applications of Social Media Platforms In V Benson, R Tuninga, & G Saridakis (Eds.), Analyzing the Strategic Role of Social Networking in Firm Growth and Productivity (pp 427–450) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0559-4.ch021 Katica, E., & Boga, S (2016) Principal-Agency Relations in Organizational Networks International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences, 7(4), 35–50 doi:10.4018/IJSDS.2016100103 Kavoura, A., & Koziol, L (2017) Polish Firms’ Innovation Capability for Competitiveness via Information Technologies and Social Media Implementation In A Vlachvei, O Notta, K Karantininis, & N Tsounis (Eds.), Factors Affecting Firm Competitiveness and Performance in the Modern Business World (pp 191–222) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/9781-5225-0843-4.ch007 Kennedy, D T., Crossen, D M., & Szabat, K A (2015) Business Analytics and Big Data: Driving Organizational Change In M Tavana & K Puranam (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Organizational Transformations through Big Data Analytics (pp 1–11) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/9781-4666-7272-7.ch001 Khan, N., & Al-Yasiri, A (2016) Cloud Security Threats and Techniques to Strengthen Cloud Computing Adoption Framework International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering, 11(3), 50–64 doi:10.4018/ IJITWE.2016070104 Kő, A., Gábor, A., & Szabó, Z (2015) Risk Governance and the Role of Digital Communication in Policy Life-Cycle Management In S Edwards III & D Santos (Eds.), Revolutionizing the Interaction between State and Citizens through Digital Communications (pp 35–58) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-6292-6.ch003 Kumar, A V., & Umagandhi, R (2017) Applications of Web Usage Mining across Industries In A Kumar (Ed.), Web Usage Mining Techniques and Applications Across Industries (pp 92–115) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0613-3.ch004 178 Related Readings Lavassani, K M., & Movahedi, B (2017) Applications Driven Information Systems: Beyond Networks toward Business Ecosystems International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy, 8(1), 61–75 doi:10.4018/ IJIDE.2017010104 Lee, I (2016) An Exploratory Study of the Impact of the Internet of Things (IoT) on Business Model Innovation: Building Smart Enterprises at Fortune 500 Companies International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change, 7(3), 1–15 doi:10.4018/IJISSC.2016070101 Lee, I., & Amaravadi, C S (2016) An Evolutionary Distributed Agent System: A Framework and Application to Manufacturing Design and Control International Journal of Knowledge-Based Organizations, 6(3), 28–44 doi:10.4018/IJKBO.2016070102 Lee, J J., & Imanaka, J L (2016) Managing Virtuality in Enterprise Social Systems International Journal of E-Business Research, 12(1), 1–18 doi:10.4018/IJEBR.2016010101 Li, T., & Lee, J (2015) Capacity Planning and Management of IT Incident Management Services based on Queuing Models In Y Diao & D Rosu (Eds.), Maximizing Management Performance and Quality with Service Analytics (pp 1–32) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8496-6.ch001 Lin, C., & Jalleh, G (2015) Investigating Factors Affecting Adoption of eCRM in the Australian Service Industry In H Kaufmann (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Managing and Influencing Consumer Behavior (pp 16–43) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-6547-7.ch002 Lorincz, J., Cubic, I., & Matijevic, T (2014) Adaptive and Resilient Solutions for Energy Savings of Mobile Access Networks International Journal of Adaptive, Resilient and Autonomic Systems, 5(3), 82–102 doi:10.4018/ ijaras.2014070105 Losavio, M., Pastukhov, P., & Polyakova, S (2014) Regulatory Aspects of Cloud Computing in Business Environments In S Srinivasan (Ed.), Security, Trust, and Regulatory Aspects of Cloud Computing in Business Environments (pp 156–169) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-5788-5 ch009 179 Related Readings Louca, S (2014) ICT for Sustainable Growth and Development In Z Andreopoulou, V Samathrakis, S Louca, & M Vlachopoulou (Eds.), E-Innovation for Sustainable Development of Rural Resources During Global Economic Crisis (pp 1–10) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-14666-4550-9.ch001 Maes, K., De Haes, S., & Van Grembergen, W (2015) Exploring the Business Case Process for IT enabled Investments International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance, 6(2), 14–30 doi:10.4018/IJITBAG.2015070102 Majumder, M (2016) Technology as Work and Work as Technology International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals, 7(1), 20–34 doi:10.4018/IJHCITP.2016010102 Manohari, P K., & Ray, N K (2017) A Comprehensive Study of Security in Cloud Computing In N Ray & A Turuk (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Advanced Wireless Sensor Network Applications, Protocols, and Architectures (pp 386–412) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0486-3 ch016 Manzoor, A (2016) Skill Building for Virtual Teams In C Graham (Ed.), Strategic Management and Leadership for Systems Development in Virtual Spaces (pp 78–89) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-46669688-4.ch005 Maravilhas, S (2016) Social Media Intelligence for Business International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence, 6(4), 19–44 doi:10.4018/IJOCI.2016100102 Mathur, M., Madan, M., & Chaudhary, K (2016) A Satiated Method for Cloud Traffic Classification in Software Defined Network Environment International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing, 6(2), 64–79 doi:10.4018/IJCAC.2016040107 Mazini, S R (2015) New Technologies and the Impact on the Business Environment In M Wadhwa & A Harper (Eds.), Technology, Innovation, and Enterprise Transformation (pp 35–49) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-6473-9.ch003 Mbale, J., & Wadhwa, M (2015) Securing Enterprises from Malicious Attacks on their Networks In M Wadhwa & A Harper (Eds.), Technology, Innovation, and Enterprise Transformation (pp 118–142) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-6473-9.ch006 180 Related Readings Mekonnen, A (2016) Digital Marketing Strategy for Affinity Marketing: Utilising the New Marketing Arena In W Ozuem & G Bowen (Eds.), Competitive Social Media Marketing Strategies (pp 1–19) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9776-8.ch001 Messina, D., Santos, C., Soares, A L., & Barros, A C (2017) Risk and Visibility in Supply Chains: An Information Management Perspective In G Jamil, A Soares, & C Pessoa (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Information Management for Effective Logistics and Supply Chains (pp 34–57) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0973-8.ch003 Nabavi, A., Taghavi-Fard, M T., Hanafizadeh, P., & Taghva, M R (2016) Information Technology Continuance Intention: A Systematic Literature Review International Journal of E-Business Research, 12(1), 58–95 doi:10.4018/IJEBR.2016010104 Nagar, N., & Suman, U (2016) Analyzing Virtualization Vulnerabilities and Design a Secure Cloud Environment to Prevent from XSS Attack International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing, 6(1), 1–14 doi:10.4018/IJCAC.2016010101 Nedelko, Z., & Potocan, V (2016) Management Practices for Processes Optimization: Case of Slovenia In G Alor-Hernández, C Sánchez-Ramírez, & J García-Alcaraz (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Managerial Strategies for Achieving Optimal Performance in Industrial Processes (pp 545–561) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0130-5.ch025 Ng, A., Watters, P., & Chen, S (2014) A Technology and Process Analysis for Contemporary Identity Management Frameworks In M Khosrow-Pour (Ed.), Inventive Approaches for Technology Integration and Information Resources Management (pp 1–52) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/9781-4666-6256-8.ch001 Nozari, H., Najafi, S E., Jafari-Eskandari, M., & Aliahmadi, A (2016) Providing a Model for Virtual Project Management with an Emphasis on IT Projects In C Graham (Ed.), Strategic Management and Leadership for Systems Development in Virtual Spaces (pp 43–63) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9688-4.ch003 OConnor, R V., & Laporte, C Y (2017) The Evolution of the ISO/IEC 29110 Set of Standards and Guides International Journal of Information Technologies and Systems Approach, 10(1), 1–21 doi:10.4018/IJITSA.2017010101 181 Related Readings Patel, K S., & Shah, J S (2016) Analysis of Existing Trust Based Routing Schemes Used in Wireless Network International Journal of Information Security and Privacy, 10(2), 26–40 doi:10.4018/IJISP.2016040103 Patel, S C., Singh, R., & Jaiswal, S (2015) Security Issues in Cloud Computing In K Munir, M Al-Mutairi, & L Mohammed (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Security Considerations in Cloud Computing (pp 1–29) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8387-7.ch001 Paula dos Santos, C R., Granville, L Z., Loewenstern, D., Shwartz, L L., & Anerousis, N (2015) A Mashup-Based Approach to Optimize Human Performance in IT Service Management In Y Diao & D Rosu (Eds.), Maximizing Management Performance and Quality with Service Analytics (pp 300–336) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8496-6.ch011 Pereira, R., Mira da Silva, M., & Lapão, L V (2014) Business/IT Alignment through IT Governance Patterns in Portuguese Healthcare International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance, 5(1), 1–15 doi:10.4018/ ijitbag.2014010101 Pessoa, C R., & Marques, M E (2017) Information Technology and Communication Management in Supply Chain Management In G Jamil, A Soares, & C Pessoa (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Information Management for Effective Logistics and Supply Chains (pp 23–33) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0973-8.ch002 Piteira, M C., & Gomes, J F (2017) Organisational Narratives of Applied Knowledge in Technology-Based Organisations International Journal of Knowledge-Based Organizations, 7(1), 19–31 doi:10.4018/ IJKBO.2017010102 Qian, H., Yong, W., Jia, L., & Mengfei, C (2016) Publish/Subscribe and JXTA based Cloud Service Management with QoS International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing, 8(3), 24–37 doi:10.4018/ IJGHPC.2016070102 Raj, P (2014) The Network Infrastructures for Big Data Analytics In P Raj & G Deka (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Cloud Infrastructures for Big Data Analytics (pp 157–185) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/9781-4666-5864-6.ch007 182 Related Readings Rebekah, R D., Cheelu, D., & Babu, M R (2017) Necessity of Key Aggregation Cryptosystem for Data Sharing in Cloud Computing In P Krishna (Ed.), Emerging Technologies and Applications for Cloud-Based Gaming (pp 210–227) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0546-4.ch010 Ritola, I., Siugzda, R., & Rusu, L (2016) The Influence of Organizational Politics on Business-IT Alignment International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance, 7(2), 33–48 doi:10.4018/IJITBAG.2016070103 Rive, P B (2016) Virtual Design Teams in Virtual Worlds: A Theoretical Framework using Second Life In B Baggio (Ed.), Analyzing Digital Discourse and Human Behavior in Modern Virtual Environments (pp 60–86) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9899-4.ch004 Roberts, S A., & Laurie, B (2016) Strategic Management of Data and Challenges for Organizations: Strategy Development and Business Value In M Atzmueller, S Oussena, & T Roth-Berghofer (Eds.), Enterprise Big Data Engineering, Analytics, and Management (pp 13–23) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0293-7.ch002 Romero, J A (2015) Effects of Information Technology on Business Performance and the Use of Accounting Measures In M Wadhwa & A Harper (Eds.), Technology, Innovation, and Enterprise Transformation (pp 285–294) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-6473-9.ch013 Rowlands, B., De Haes, S., & Van Grembergen, W (2015) Understanding the Dimensions of IT Governance Culture International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance, 6(2), 56–66 doi:10.4018/IJITBAG.2015070104 Saiz-Alvarez, J M., & Colvin-Díez, J (2017) Digital Entrepreneurial Charity and Solidarity for Social Change: KIVA and the “Social-on-Linezation” of Poverty In I Hosu & I Iancu (Eds.), Digital Entrepreneurship and Global Innovation (pp 172–192) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-15225-0953-0.ch009 Sangeetha, J., Nagaraj, K., Murthy, K N., & Rustagi, R P (2016) A New Approach for Analyzing the Performance of the WiMAX Networks based on QoS Traffic Prediction Routing Protocol using Gene Expression Programming International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing, 7(2), 16–38 doi:10.4018/IJAMC.2016040102 183 Related Readings Sedej, T., & Justinek, G (2017) Effective Tools for Improving Employee Feedback during Organizational Change In M Tavana, K Szabat, & K Puranam (Eds.), Organizational Productivity and Performance Measurements Using Predictive Modeling and Analytics (pp 261–276) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0654-6.ch013 Sen, J (2014) Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing In A RuizMartinez, R Marin-Lopez, & F Pereniguez-Garcia (Eds.), Architectures and Protocols for Secure Information Technology Infrastructures (pp 1–45) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-4514-1.ch001 Shaikh, S (2015) Sales and Operations Management in Contemporary Organizations In E Sabri (Ed.), Optimization of Supply Chain Management in Contemporary Organizations (pp 176–197) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8228-3.ch007 Singh, B., & K.S., J (2017) Security Management in Mobile Cloud Computing: Security and Privacy Issues and Solutions in Mobile Cloud Computing In K Munir (Ed.), Security Management in Mobile Cloud Computing (pp 148-168) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0602-7.ch007 Singh, V K., & Sharma, N (2016) Concept and Importance of Online Reputation Management In A Singh & P Duhan (Eds.), Managing Public Relations and Brand Image through Social Media (pp 47–60) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0332-3.ch004 Soler-Labajos, N., & Jiménez-Zarco, A I (2016) Social CRM: The Role of Social Media in Managing Customer Relations In A Singh & P Duhan (Eds.), Managing Public Relations and Brand Image through Social Media (pp 134–159) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0332-3 ch008 Soliman, F (2015) Sustainable Business Transformation in Supply Chains In F Soliman (Ed.), Business Transformation and Sustainability through Cloud System Implementation (pp 16–31) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-6445-6.ch002 Stancu, S., Bodea, C., Naghi, L E., Popescu, O M., & Neamtu, A (2017) Use of New Innovative Technologies in Business by All Age Groups In I Hosu & I Iancu (Eds.), Digital Entrepreneurship and Global Innovation (pp 79–103) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0953-0.ch005 184 Related Readings Stroe, A., Spruit, M R., Beltman, B., & Koelemeijer, S J (2016) PMOMM: The Project Management Office Maturity Model International Journal of Knowledge Society Research, 7(3), 47–61 doi:10.4018/IJKSR.2016070104 Sudarsanam, S K (2017) Social Media Metrics In N Rao (Ed.), Social Media Listening and Monitoring for Business Applications (pp 131–149) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0846-5.ch007 Sutagundar, A V., & Hatti, D (2017) Data Management in Internet of Things In N Kamila (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Wireless Sensor Network Trends, Technologies, and Applications (pp 80–97) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0501-3.ch004 Switzer, J S., & Switzer, R V (2016) Virtual Teams: Profiles of Successful Leaders In B Baggio (Ed.), Analyzing Digital Discourse and Human Behavior in Modern Virtual Environments (pp 1–24) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9899-4.ch001 Szopa, A., & Kopeć, K D (2016) Strategic Crowdsourcing as an Emerging Form of Global Entrepreneurship In N Baporikar (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship in the Contemporary Knowledge-Based Global Economy (pp 244–259) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-46668798-1.ch011 Tang, L., Zeng, C I., Li, T., Shwartz, L L., & Graharnik, G Y (2015) Tuning up IT Services using Monitoring Configuration Analytics In Y Diao & D Rosu (Eds.), Maximizing Management Performance and Quality with Service Analytics (pp 179–206) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/9781-4666-8496-6.ch007 Toler, L (2016) Developing Project Team Cohesiveness in a Virtual Environment In C Graham (Ed.), Strategic Management and Leadership for Systems Development in Virtual Spaces (pp 136–159) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9688-4.ch009 Vaculín, R., Chee, Y., Oppenheim, D V., & Varshney, L R (2015) A ServiceOriented Algebra for Optimizing the Management of Service Requests In Y Diao & D Rosu (Eds.), Maximizing Management Performance and Quality with Service Analytics (pp 337–365) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8496-6.ch012 185 Related Readings Vasista, T G., & AlAbdullatif, A M (2017) Role of Electronic Customer Relationship Management in Demand Chain Management: A Predictive Analytic Approach International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management, 10(1), 53–67 doi:10.4018/IJISSCM.2017010104 Verma, P K., Verma, R., Prakash, A., & Tripathi, R (2016) ThroughputDelay Evaluation of a Hybrid-MAC Protocol for M2M Communications International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications, 7(1), 41–60 doi:10.4018/IJMCMC.2016010104 Voderhobli, K (2015) The Need for Traffic Based Virtualisation Management for Sustainable Clouds International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence, 5(4), 8–19 doi:10.4018/IJOCI.2015100102 Walshe, B., Brennan, R., & OSullivan, D (2016) Bayes-ReCCE: A Bayesian Model for Detecting Restriction Class Correspondences in Linked Open Data Knowledge Bases International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems, 12(2), 25–52 doi:10.4018/IJSWIS.2016040102 Wan, Y (2016) Designing and Managing ERP Systems for Virtual Enterprise Strategy: A Conceptual Framework for Innovative Strategic Thinking In C Graham (Ed.), Strategic Management and Leadership for Systems Development in Virtual Spaces (pp 160–195) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/9781-4666-9688-4.ch010 Weeger, A., & Haase, U (2016) Taking up Three Challenges to Business-IT Alignment Research by the Use of Activity Theory International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance, 7(2), 1–21 doi:10.4018/ IJITBAG.2016070101 Wiedemann, A., Weeger, A., & Gewald, H (2015) Organizational Structure vs Capabilities: Examining Critical Success Factors for Managing IT Service Delivery International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance, 6(1), 50–70 doi:10.4018/IJITBAG.2015010104 Williquette, J F (2017) Cybersecurity Concerns in International Business In B Christiansen & F Kasarcı (Eds.), Corporate Espionage, Geopolitics, and Diplomacy Issues in International Business (pp 59–71) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-1031-4.ch004 186 Related Readings Xiaomin, X., & Yi, L (2017) Customer Satisfaction of the Third-Party Logistics Enterprise Based on AHP: A Case Study International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management, 10(1), 68–81 doi:10.4018/IJISSCM.2017010105 Yadav, V (2016) Technology-Enabled Inclusive Innovation: A Case from India International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy, 7(1), 1–11 doi:10.4018/IJIDE.2016010101 Yaokumah, W., Kumah, P., & Okai, E S (2017) Demographic Influences on E-Payment Services International Journal of E-Business Research, 13(1), 44–65 doi:10.4018/IJEBR.2017010103 Yasir, M., Majid, A., & Tabassum, N (2014) ICT Adoption by Virtual Organizations in the Developing Countries: A Case of SME Clusters in Pakistan In P Mothataesi Sebina, K Moahi, & K Bwalya (Eds.), Digital Access and E-Government: Perspectives from Developing and Emerging Countries (pp 284–296) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-46665868-4.ch018 Zhou, N., & Gifford, W M (2015) Optimization of Service Development Strategy in a Global Environment In Y Diao & D Rosu (Eds.), Maximizing Management Performance and Quality with Service Analytics (pp 86–118) Hershey, PA: IGI Global doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8496-6.ch004 187 188 About the Authors Filippo Zanin holds a PhD in Business Administration at University of Udine in 2005 Prior to his Ph.D studies he worked for years on research related to SME management control and strategy at Ca Foscari University of Venice Dr Zanin’s research explores new areas in strategy-making, management control and performance measurement focusing on qualitative research in accounting and management His areas of teaching include financial and managerial accounting, decision-making, strategy change, merger&acquisition Dr Zanin joined University of Udine as a Lecturer in Business Administration in 2008 Eugenio Comuzzi is the Chair of the postgraduate course in Business Administration at University of Udine Professor Comuzzi’s research interests lie in business evaluation, financial accounting and economic measurement, with special emphasis on complexity theory He has written extensively on the strategic control and business evaluation in complex settings Antonio Costantini is currently Research Fellow at the University of Udine He holds a Ph.D from University of Chieti-Pescara Dr Costantini’s research interests include management control, strategic management accounting and risk management He has taught courses in management control and business administration 189 Index A M agency 57, 132, 134-135, 138, 140 analytical tools 98, 100, 112 management control 22-35, 38-43, 50, 57, 66-68, 80, 89, 116, 131-132, 134-136, 147-148, 152, 160, 162 market listing 145, 147, 152, 154, 156, 158-160 MCS 24-26, 28-29, 31-35, 38-43, 50-53, 57-63, 65, 67-73, 123, 132, 145-146, 148, 152 measurement techniques 149-153, 155, 158, 160 metrics 79 C causal ambiguity 56, 79 complex firm 81, 93 complex management model 86, 147, 153 COMPLEXITY PARADIGMS 99 complexity theory 1, 3, 5-6, 16-17, 85, 89 conceptual framework 1-2, 81, 89 contingency factors 50-51, 68, 72, 152 contingency theory 31-33, 50, 65, 73, 150 control systems 22, 24, 28, 31-34, 36-39, 50, 57, 67-71, 80, 134, 152 N non-financial measures 37, 39, 60, 82, 136 E O economic value 51, 56, 58, 79-80, 82, 84, 86, 89, 93 environmental uncertainty 32-34, 51, 6364, 67-68, 70, 111, 116, 118, 146 organizational phenomena 1-2, 4, 133-134 F financial measures 37, 39, 80, 93 future actions 97-98, 100, 141 K knowing 12, 132-133, 135 P performativity 131-132, 134, 140 process complexity 17 R risk assessment 118, 145, 147-162 S state complexity 17 Index stock market 145, 147, 152, 154, 156, 158-160 strategic planning cycle 97, 111, 114 strategizing 57, 62, 132-136, 140 strategy 28-29, 31-32, 35-37, 51, 53-62, 68, 70, 80-84, 86, 93, 98, 108-112, 115, 117, 119, 123-124, 131-141, 145, 147-148, 152-153, 156-157, 160 strategy maps 131-132, 138, 140 strategy renewal 131-132, 134 190 V variability 13-15, 69, 102, 104, 147 variety 13-14, 23, 29, 31, 40, 98, 103-104, 109, 119, 148-149 Velocity 13-15 ... (1542-1591) WHY A BOOK ON COMPLEXITY AND MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS? Theme, Perspectives, and Guidelines Management Control Systems in complex settings Emerging research and opportunities is a relevant... Managing Value in Complex Firms Chapter Complexity and Control: Managing for Value Creation in Complex Firms .79 Chapter Complexity and Control: Forecasting, Planning, and Budgeting in Complex. . .Management Control Systems in Complex Settings: Emerging Research and Opportunities Filippo Zanin University of Udine, Italy Eugenio Comuzzi University of Udine, Italy Antonio Costantini